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Correspondência fazer-dizer : variáveis de controle e condições de manutenção e generalização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-29)
Cortez, Mariéle de Cássia Diniz
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515
The present proposal is based on the assumption that verbal responding is an operant behavior established and maintained by reinforcement contingencies. Study 1 evaluated the effects of three different correspondence training methods on the maintenance of eleven children s accurate self-report. Doing consisted of reading aloud a written word presented on a computer s screen. Saying consisted of reporting on the accuracy of the textual response after the computer s automated feedback. Following report accuracy evaluation, participants were assigned to different correspondence training methods. Five children were exposed to Training A (continuous reinforcement), three to Training B (continuous and intermittent reinforcement plus instructions), and the remaining were exposed to Training C (continuous and intermittent reinforcement only). After training criteria was met, participants were re-exposed to report accuracy evaluation sessions. Follow-up sessions were then conducted 30 and 60 days later. All training methods were effective in maintaining accurate self-reports for eight participants. Low accuracy during initial sessions (report accuracy evaluation) seemed to predict low maintenance over time. Study 2 investigated the role of the audience (computer, experimenter, and peer) on children s self-report accuracy. Participants were six children who exhibited high do-say correspondence during report accuracy evaluation sessions. The Audience Test evaluated the frequency of accurate reports as a function of different audiences. Only the correct and accurate reports were followed by points. The amount of points required to obtain the high preferred item, however, was higher than the amount received during the session. At the end of each session, participants reported how many points they obtained. Self-report accuracy was evaluated in three conditions: while engaging in the task, while reporting to the audiences, and while choosing the item. Five out of six participants self-report accuracy decreased in at least one of the three conditions as a function of the different audience s presence. After correspondence training was conducted, previous do-say correspondence levels were recovered. Audience seemed to be a relevant controlling variable on children s self-report accuracy since the presence of different audiences controlled different patterns of correspondence. Study 3 investigated the effects of errors on six children s self-report accuracy as a function of the nature of the task (academic and nonacademic), and verified generalization of a do-say correspondence training across tasks. Doing consisted of reading aloud written words, playing a computer game, announcing the result of mathematical operations, and naming different auditory or visual stimuli related to music. During baseline, the frequency of corresponding reports was evaluated as a function of the different tasks presented. Correspondence training was conducted, initially, only to the task in which participants exhibited the lowest levels of accuracy. After training criteria was met, generalized dosay correspondence of untrained tasks was then tested. Academic tasks produced the lowest levels of correspondence during baseline sessions. Four out of six children exhibited generalized say-do correspondence after the first correspondence training employed and the remaining, after a second training was conducted. Results indicated do-say correspondence as a generalized operant behavior.
Comportamento dos preços de terras em região de fronteira agrícola e em áreas tradicionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-29)
Ferro, Aline Barrozo
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Castro, Eduardo Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5702172673123334
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1742640723524757
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Figueiredo, Adelson Martins
This study aims to evaluate the impact of some factors on prices of agricultural land in three different regions: agricultural frontier (in the south of Maranhão, south of Piauí, eastern region of Tocantins and west of Bahia), transition area (relatively recent agricultural use of the land; however, it already represents a major soybean producing region, such as the Central-Western region in Brazil) and developed (more traditional agricultural areas, such as the South of Brazil). The period of the analysis is from 2002 to 2010, due to the recent availability of prices of regional lands. Several studies regarding the land market were analyzed; consequently, some factors related to the revenue obtained with land, to the technological level, to the infrastructure, to the need of credit, to the availability of land to expand crops and to one factor linked to expectations of agents. The elasticity in relation to the land price was obtained, using the econometric model of panel data. Soybean prices, which represent the revenue of land, had a positive relation with the price of this factor. Moreover, it was possible to verify that, in less occupied regions, an increase in the demand for area may bring negative impacts on its prices, because of the higher elasticity of the land supply and the possibility to convert raw lands and pastures in agricultural areas. This occurs because the land conversion shifts the supply curve to the right, which might impact negatively the land price. On the other hand, in the developed area, the relation is positive, since the land supply is almost inelastic. The factor of speculation was very important in the agricultural frontier region, differently from what was observed in other regions, which has highlighted the sharp interest of investors groups interested in the potential of the land valuation in that region in the period considered.
Reação de deslocamento gás-água em catalisadores de platina suportados em TiO2-CeO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-29)
Cesário, Gabriel
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0960412419762463
In this work platinum catalysts supported on CeO2, TiO2, TiO2-CeO2 were prepared for application in water gas shift reaction also called Shift or well known by the letters WGSR - Water Gas Shift Reaction. The mixed titanium dioxide modified with cerium dioxide supports and platinum supported catalysts were obtained by the wet impregnation method, the two supports of titanium dioxide (Degussa and Alfa Aesar) was stabilized by thermal treatment and cerium dioxide support was obtained by thermal decomposition of its precursor. The supports and catalysts were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy X ray (FRX), X ray diffraction (XRD), the BET method for specific area, CO chemisorption and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). On initial tests the catalysts were activated in situ and tested for WGSR ranging systems that includes the HTS (High Temperature Shift) at 450 350 ° C and LTS (Low Temperature Shift) at 350 200 ° C, and then tested only under LTS conditions. The composition of effluent stream from the reactor was analyzed online by gas chromatograph. It was noted that low charges of cerium oxide is sufficient to enhance the activity and stability of the catalysts supported on mixed oxides when compared with catalysts supported on bare oxides. The effluent stream from the reactor showed compositions similar to those expected when taken into account the ratio H2O/CO. Thus, it was concluded that Pt/Ti-CeO2 is a promising catalyst for application in WGSR reactor.
Tratamento metrológico e quimiométrico de dados de ressonância magnética nuclear para amostras de biodiesel em diesel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-29)
Gambarra Neto, Francisco Fernandes
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8404572138177315
The development of instrumentation in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) increased the sensitivity of the technique, allowing samples in micro and nanogram scale can be examined. These new technologies enabled the NMR technique was seen as an analytical tool for the quantification of substances in addition to their use in identifying as traditionally did. Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (qNMR) is a very important area that is not widely used in analytical chemistry, with the need for a validation study to verify its ability to quantify by a metrological point of view. The application and validation of methods minimize the potential problems associated with the analytical method and also lends credence to the method studied, providing comprehensive information about many important aspects that reflect the behavior and reliability of the method. The validation studies of methods RMNq were performed in accordance with ISO / IEC 17025 and ISO GUM. The validation of the method is followed by measuring the uncertainty of measurement qNMR and its importance has been widespread in the analytical chemists area and also in the chemical society in general. The rules for establishing chemical activity as a source of patterning the selectivity studies, investigating the effects of interferents likely in the samples, and for the NMR technique, it is superior to many other analytical instruments. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide quantitative and alternatives tools, taking into account the metrological quantification of substances by 1H NMR, which is something absolutely new for the Brazilian market. The measure of the selectivity was performed using quantification chemometrics in the spectra of 1H and 13C NMR. Metrology of the main interfering in the 1H NMR technique was studied to quantify the levels of biodiesel in commercial samples and standards of diesel in different proportions in the mixture of biodiesel BX. This study led to the separation of two sets of samples which, by classification using the chemometrics algorithm Successive projection algorithm - Linear Discriminant Analysis (SPA-LDA), are widely separated in diesel fuel containing sulfur in 1800 and 500 ppm . The selectivity was calculated by the quantification chemometric by the algorithm SPA - Multiple linear regression (SPA-MLR) of sulfur content, the density at 20°C, the distillation temperature to 50% and 80% of diesel oil, the cetane number and flash point compared to the results obtained by laboratory (Laboratório de Combustíveis do CCDM/DEMa Universidade Federal de São Carlos) accredited by the ANP (Agência Nacional de Petróleo e Biocobumstíveis).
Integração do processo de cristalização de frutose por adição de antissolvente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-29)
Crestani, Carlos Eduardo
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Giulietti, Marco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7703659740618915
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4466916726010127
Fructose (C6H12O6) is a monosaccharide with increasing industrial interest, and with some advantages over other sugars, facts that have motivated many studies about its production from its aqueous solution, by crystallization. Fructose crystallization occurs, in general, with the addition of ethanol as anti-solvent, aiming the reduction of its solubility and metastable zone width. Addition of ethanol makes feasible fructose crystallization, however, generates other negative factors to the process, as economically, because of its cost, as environmentally, because of the generation of the mother-liquor as a highly concentrate ethanol residue. These factors motivated the study of separation and reuse of the mother-liquor, recycling both ethanol and the diluted solution of non-crystallized fructose back to the process. Besides, the process was integrated into the calcium gluconate enzymatic production, through the reuse of its byproduct as raw material of the process of this work. Because of the absent of experimental data in literature, some methods of calculation of the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the ternary solution were tested and compared, providing the choice of some of them to determine the equilibrium data. The method which obtained the best results was the AUNIFAC, and this method was used to provide the energy calculations of the process, by the evaporation and distillation temperature calculations. The cost of energy together with the replaced ethanol, were used to determine the operational cost, allowing the comparison of different operational conditions of the global process. With temperatures above 100°C in laboratorial experiments, the solution became yellow, a behavior of fructose caramelisation. It can occur because of the thermal degradation of fructose producing hydroxymethylfurfural and it prejudices the crystallization process. Because of it, it is necessary to avoid temperatures above 100°C. Finally, the integrated process made feasible crystalline fructose production by crystallization.
Aísthesis e teoria da percepção no Teeteto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-29)
Silva, Daniel Reis Lima Mendes da
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Souza, Eliane Christina de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5658382257368048
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7036491650112900
In this thesis, we investigate in the first part of the Theaetetus how Plato develops the concept of aísthesis, demonstrating that at first he alternates it between the senses of mental perception and bodily sensation, and finally fixed it as mere passive reception of data from the five senses. This definition has as its objective, unlink it from the character of opinion, that Protagoras associated to the term, while inserting it into the size of the sensible world, whose key feature is the constant change. From this viewpoint, we investigate the centrality of the sense of aísthesis within the theory of perception shown in the secret doctrine, in this dialogue, which in our view, would be a first attempt of Plato to a descriptive theory of perception that explains how we capture sensitive data by through the soul, accepting shares in an effort dialectical thesis of Protagoras and Heraclitus. We also analyze the link between the theories of Theaetetus, Protagoras and Heraclitus exposed in this first part of the dialogue, and how they interrelate in order to make clear that Plato maintains intact his Theory of Forms.
“A apoteose da imagem”: cineclubismo e crítica cinematográfica no Chaplin-Club
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-29)
Santos, Fabricio Felice Alves dos
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Araújo, Luciana Sá Leitão Corrêa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9890886509956837
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ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5646532889487401
Founded in Rio de Janeiro in 1928, the Chaplin-Club is considered the milestone of ciné-clubs and of film criticism in Brazil. Since the beginning of its activities, the club used to release O Fan, a vehicle dedicated to spread the group’s ideas. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the activities of Chaplin-Club and its members’ reflections on cinema. Having as main source the nine issues of O Fan, this work aims to establish a dialogue among the different conceptions of cinema expressed by the club members and evaluate the set of concepts applied by them in the construction of their critical parameters, in order to present the particularities of Chaplin-Club’s thoughts and its specificity in the Brazilian context of the time.
Eficiência da ação fotodinâmica em Mycobacterium massiliense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Arantes, Danilo Pastori
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6837759934908545
In Brazil there was an increase of post-surgical infections by rapidly growing mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium massiliense, leading the Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) to establish standards for the mandatory notification of cases occurring nationwide. In order to deal with a major public health problem, this study aimed to determine the efficiency of using antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (PDIa) in Mycobacterium massiliense for future use in the treatment of agent infections. The objective was to test in vitro technique the PDI to control Mycobacterium massiliense to determine the best light dose and concentration of each photosensitizer (FS). To accomplish this search were used two FS: Photogem® and salt Curcumin (N-Methyl-D-Glucominato of Curcumin, 31.8%). As a light source for radiating a BioTable ® operated at 630nm (red light) for Photogem ® and 460nm (blue light) to the salt of curcumin. After the standardized inoculum was added to the sample analyzed in triplicate to a 24 well plate which contained 500μl aliquots of the inoculum +500 μ l of the FS for the study groups tested, and the control group containing 1 ml of inoculum, and five minutes as time incubation (protected from light). After expiration of the irradiation time in accordance with the previously analyzed fluences of the tested groups and subsequent dilution of the sample to the value of 10-5, 100mL sample were plated in triplicate on 7H10 agar + OADC 10% and maintained at 37 for about 5 days with subsequent counting of colony forming units. Based on the results, they showed that FS Photogem ® until the concentration of 1000 μg/Ml was not effective in reducing the number of CFU of M. massiliense. In contrast, the FS Salt Curcumin was effective at concentrations of 1300 μg/Ml with a light dose 50 J/cm2 compared to controls. Thus, these data suggest that the salt FS Curcumin in photodynamic action is a viable alternative for reducing M massiliense when tested in vitro.
Efeitos dos herbicidas clomazone e ametrina em parâmetros funcionais da espécie de peixe neotropical Prochilodus lineatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Pereira, Lindalva
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3342059478238761
The use of biomarkers can provide a great help in the evaluation of the damages caused by pesticides in aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to verify the toxicity of clomazone and ametryn for a tropical freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus by using different parameters in fish exposed for 96h to clomazone (1, 5 and 10 mg.L-1) and to ametryn, as the commercial product GesapaxR500 or in its pure form, in the concentrations 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L-1, or only to water (CTR). The parameters used were: hematological; metabolic (concentration of glucose); osmoionic (osmolarity and plasmatic Cl-, Na+ e K+); biochemical and genotoxic (DNA damage). Clomazone caused hematological disturbances in P. lineatus as noted in the lowervalues of hematocrit (Hct) in 10 mg.L-1; hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (CHCM) in 5 and 10 mg.L-1, which, in general, may indicate anemia. The number of erythrocytes (RBC) presented increased values in the lowerconcentration tested for clomazone, which probable is related to the stress response, with the releasing of immature erythrocytes in the blood stream. Clomazone also activated the detoxification and antioxidant pathways of the tested animals, as shown by the increased activity of the hepatic biotransformation enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) in 5 and 10 mg.L-1. The reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) observed in 5 and 10 mg.L-1 indicated efficient performance of CAT removing the H2O2, or even a competition with GST for the substratereduced glutathione (GSH). The activity of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in P. lineatus was inhibited in the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg.L-1 of clomazone, showing that this herbicide has an anticholinesterasic effect on the studied fish species. Fish exposed to ametrynshowed hematological disturbances such as lower values of Hct in 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L-1 and of RBC in the concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1. The reduction of plasmatic K+ in the concentration of 2.5 mg.L-1, and the hematological alterations mentioned above, may indicate a rupture of the erythrocytes. Fish exposed both to pure ametrynand the formulated product, showed higher values of glucose as a stress response, in both concentrations tested. The two products also caused inhibition of the gill activity of Na+/K+ATPase in 5.0 mg.L-1. The concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1 caused significant decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, leading to the conclusion that ametrynor its formulated product do not generate lipidic peroxidation. DNA damages in the erythrocytes of P. lineatus were x observed in the concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1 of ametryn and GesapaxR 500, showing the genotoxicity of ametryn, probably because it binds directly to the genetic material of the fish. The results presented here allow concluding that the pesticides ametryn and clomazone interfere in the functional parameters of P. lineatus and can compromise the health of these animals
Emprego da organocatálise como uma ferramenta da química verde em reações de adição conjugada : estudos visando a síntese de anéis indólicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Feu, Karla Santos
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Paixão, Márcio Weber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1138069644348816
Organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful synthetic paradigm and has accelerated the development of new methods to make diverse chiral molecules. In addition, the small chiral organic molecules used to accelerate asymmetric reactions, In this regard L-proline and its derivatives have risen to gaining prominence. In the present work, we have designed and synthesized LProline derived organocatalysts 4 a-e bearing with the alkyl chain containing chalcogen moiety such as Sulfur & Oxygen and to evaluate their application as catalysts in enantioselective reactions. The synthesized catalysts 4a-e were then employed as organocatalysts in enantioselective conjugate addition of malonates to alfa, beta- unsaturated aldehydes in an environmentally benign approach. Several different reaction conditions were screened and enantiomeric excess upto 96% with good to excellent yields was achieved for the Michael adducts. The best result was achieved for organocatalyst 4b in aqueous reaction conditions. Exploiting the application of the synthesized Michael adducts 5a-i, we then decided for the synthesis of the biologically important substituted indole and it was successfully accomplished with good yields along with excellent ee.
Catalisadores bimetálicos de Co e Ni aplicados à reforma à vapor do etanol: propriedades de oxiredução na resistência à deposição de carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Braga, Adriano Henrique
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7251309652981943
The effect of variation of cobalt (Co)/nickel (Ni) composition in catalysts based on these transition metals was evaluated focusing mainly in the oxi-reduction properties and their relation to carbon deposition in the Steam Reforming of Ethanol (SRE) reaction. The catalysts, with metal loading of 15 and 8 wt%, were prepared by conventional impregnation of the Co and Ni salts on the sol-gel synthesized support MgAl2O4. The characterization was performed by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms; X-ray diffraction (XRD); temperature programed reduction (H2-TPR); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (H2-XANES), in situ extended X-ray absorption on fine structure spectroscopy (SRE-EXAFS) and Raman spectroscopy. The catalytic tests were done in the temperature range of 250 to 700°C and the conversion and products distribution dependence on the metal loading and composition were evaluated. Reduction profiles and diffraction patterns lead to believe that occur the formation of a spinel NiCo2O4 in the weight ratio 1Co:1Ni during calcination. Such spinel once reduced yields an alloy Co-Ni, accordinto to TEM images and EXAFS data. The alloy formation, although it is hard to characterize, seems to be determining factor on carbon deposition resistance on the catalyst surface during SRE. Carbon deposition, as addressed by TGA and SEM, is strongly sensitive to metal loading, being severe on monometallic samples with higher metal loading; independent of the loading, the bimetallic catalysts in the proportion 1:1 are resistant to carbon deposition. SRE-EXAFS showed that these catalysts didn t oxidize during reaction, differing from Co catalysts, where the equilibrium between oxide and metallic sites controls the ethanol activation and carbon oxidation rates.
A oferta de serviços ambientais na bacia hidrográfica dos rios Sorocaba e Médio Tietê
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Kawaichi, Vanessa Mayumi
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Faria, Rosane Nunes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1172221536399083
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8307217059333898
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Almeida, Alexandre Nunes de
The present study aims to estimate the supply of environmental services Sorocaba Rivers Basin and Middle Tietê, located in the central-southeastern state of Sao Paulo. The focus of the environmental service is given to the hydrological services, which are responsible for providing farmers in the region. Thus, from the provision of environmental services in the Basin, we estimated the value of PES to farmers based on the opportunity cost of changing agricultural practices on farms in the region. The methodology is based on the opportunity cost of changing a conventional practice for a conservation practice. The opportunity cost was obtained from the comparison between the yield of each crop analyzed by adopting the conventional practice and practice conservation. Thus, we analyzed the yields of major crops Basin (coffee, corn, beans, potatoes, sugar cane, orange, tomato, onion, grapes, rice and cassava), comparing the difference between the yields for both practices. The classification for conservation practice and conventional practice followed at the discretion of the forest area of the basin, considering the municipalities with an area of forest above average as conservation and below average, as conventional. Thus, the forest area was used as a proxy for measuring the environmental service in question, knowing that the preservation of vegetation provides a number of benefits, including conservation of water resources. The results show that the estimated values of PES for the main crops of the Basin can range from R$100/ha/year to R$30.000/ha/year. In relation to the cultures analyzed in this study, we can say that with the highest potential for implementation of programs for PES were the crops of rice and cassava, which, besides having more profitable return for the conservation practice, have a initial offering of high environmental services and the lowest values for PES. Cultures orange, tomato, onions and grape also have an initial supply of high environmental services, however, PES values are estimated quite high in comparison with other cultures, thereby implementing programs to increase the supply PES environmental services in this case should consider how much the payment would compensate for the provision of environmental services provided by these cultures.
A fixação da referência como condição para a aplicabilidade da aritmética em Frege
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Nakano, Anderson Luis
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Ferraz Neto, Bento Prado de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084436724293824
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5835664361839261
Pacote de gelo e imersão em água gelada afetam o desempenho muscular e a atividade eletromiográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Vieira, Amilton
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Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2655981698975093
Although tissue cooling is widely used in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders there is still controversy about its effects on muscular performance. It is important to study this issue since cooling is also combined with exercise. Objective. To compare the effects of ice pack and cold water immersion on the muscular performance parameters of plantar flexors and electromyography (EMG) activity of the triceps surae. Design. Subjects were randomly assigned treatment with either ice pack (n=20) or cold water immersion (n=21). Independent variables were cold modality (ice pack or cold water immersion), muscle action (isometric and concentric isokinetic, angular velocity of isokinetic test (60 and 120°/s) and measurement time (pre- and post-cooling). Dependent variables were skin temperature, muscular performance and EMG activity. Methods. The sample included 41 healthy men with a mean age of 22.15 (SD=2.89). In each group one of the two cold modalities was applied to the calf region for 20 minutes. Skin temperature, plantar flexors muscular performance parameters and EMG activity of the triceps surae were measured before and after cooling. Results. Ice pack increased isometric peak torque. Both cold modalities reduced EMG activity in both muscles during isometric contraction. Both cold modalities reduced peak torque and total work during isokinetic contraction at both velocities. Ice pack was more effective at reducing EMG activity in isokinetic contractions. Limitations. The examiner was not blinded regarding treatment group and the population included only young healthy participants. Conclusions. Ice pack and cold water immersion showed similar effects on muscular performance, which depends on the muscle action performed. Cooling decreased isokinetic performance and the ice pack increased isometric torque. The results suggest that caution is required when performing activities after cooling, especially tasks involving maximal isokinetic contractions.
Relações entre desempenho e o reforçador das relações verbais de tato e textual em contexto de equivalência de estímulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Guimarães, Luiza de Moura
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5454389124249833
In some conditions, verbal relations of tact which involves nonverbal stimuli, such as pictures, exhibit characteristics and maintenance of learning different from textual relations, which are controlled by verbal products of verbal responses, such as printed words. These differences trigger practical interest in the teaching of reading when the stimuli that control such verbal operands belong to a single class, and are equivalent. It is assumed that in this proposal as the previous individual experience with each of relation, cannot be contacted directly but can be measured by their respective reinforcing value. The proposal presents a procedure to test this assumption, based on the establishment of stimulus classes involving equivalent relation with figure, printed and spoken words, tests of emergent relations of tact and textual and a procedure of choice in concurrent schedules chained. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the differences between the performances on tasks of tact response (oral response forward figure) and on tasks of textual behavior (oral response forward printed word) correlate with the preference of participants for such a task. In Experiment 1, six university students participated. In Experiment 2A and 2B finished the study four typically developing children without knowing reading repertoires. The general procedure began with the completion of two pre-tests, one requesting an oral responses to the stimuli and the second consisted of an evaluation preference for pictures versus printed words. After completion of the pre-tests, there was a matching procedure-tosample (MTS) for the establishment of equivalence relations. Stimuli were used: three spoken words (A), three figures (B) and three printed words (C). The set (A ') consisted of responses spoken by the participants, corresponding to the words dictated. During the MTS, were taught AB and AC relations, and were tested the emergence of relations BC, CB, BA '(tact) and CA' (textual). In Experiments 1 and 2A were used abstract figures and printed and spoken pseudo-words. In Experiment 2B were used familiar pictures of cow, duck and bell and their corresponding printed and spoken names. After established of equivalence classes, was carried out a procedure of choice in a concurrent schedule of reinforcement with chaining to evaluate preference for tasks. In this evaluation were presented two identical red buttons (Experiments 1 and 2A), or two buttons with icons of pictures and printed words (Experiment 2B) followed by the statement "which one you want?". Once the participant touched a button, a task of tact or a textual was presented. Touches on the right button were followed by the presentation of textual tasks (CA ') and touches on the left button were followed by tact tasks (BA'). If the participant showed preference for task, the position of the buttons was reversed. The results showed no correlation between the performance of tact and textual and preference for tasks. Moreover, the preference for tasks found, by some participants, showed that the establishment of equivalence relations may does not equal the reinforcing value of the tasks of these relations.
Estudo de pórticos preenchidos com alvenaria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Madia, Fernando César Alvarenga Rosa
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5951319184495589
This work proposes to develop a study about frame structure behaviour filled with masonry panel, for the purposes of building bracing. It aims to consider the hardening of this filling masonry in the frame which deals with the horizontal loadings analysis such as wind strength. The work starts with the historical development, depicting the fact that who started this study. Then, variables which influence the frame rigidity are shown, like: wedging, the kind of link between panel- frame, panel openings, codes and design specification. These topics describe theoretical and experimental studies that have already been carried out about the theme and the main approaches considered by the researchers. For the purpose of checking the structure stiffening increase some case study were held. The first one comprehends a simple frame, theoretical, with data and results obtained from specialized literature. The second one compares a steal frame tested on a laboratory, with a computer program modeled frame, using the same features as the real stuff. Then, the portics were analysed with different filled floors. For doing so, different available calculation methods were applied, which employ equivalent diagonal concept to consider the masonry filling contribution as a structural constituent. Bearing in mind to verify the stiffening increase when the filling masonry are considered, a real building was modeled, in this particular case Helena Building, it has 22 floors, built in São Paulo using reinforced concrete, either considering or not the filling masonry. As the research bottom line, this text allows an updating about the possibility of including the filling masonry in building projects, an evaluation of the stiffening increase that the masonry might cause, an analysis to verify the compressed diagonal model and finally it shows design criteria.
Efeitos da condução da política monetária na economia brasileira pós-Plano Real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Carvalho, Leandro Vinícios
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Figueiredo, Adelson Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2582161065438214
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Cruz Júnior, José César
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/0086426315229286
This paper aimed to analyze the dynamics of the evolution of interest rates in Brazil from the period after the Real Plan. It will take place throughout the dissertation a study on the adoption and operation of the system of inflation targets, as well as the functioning and organization of the National Financial System. It will be discoursed on the implementation of monetary policy by the Central Bank and also a study made of the main theoretical discussions regarding the adoption of monetary policy regime of inflation targeting. In addition, there will be an explanation of some studies that investigated empirically the effects of monetary policy on economic variables after the adoption of inflation targeting. To evaluate the effects of maintaining interest rates at high levels will be estimated using the methodology of the Vector Error Correction, the model of monetary transmission specified by Bogdanski et al. (2000), where you can analyze the behavior of variables such as income (output gap), the exchange rate, inflation and risk premium, compared to the nominal interest rate (Selic). The estimated unrestricted model (variation of the model proposed by Bogdanski et al. (2000)) showed evidence that the Selic rate, the output gap and inflation are related as expected in the target system, the basic interest rate uses the level of economic growth (gap) as an indicator of the growing economy in order to maintain stable price levels. There was also the conclusion that there is room for reduction in interest rates between the years 2012 and 2013, albeit sparingly, to levels lower than current (between 9.0% and 10%) in order to generate a stimulus to the growth of domestic investment, since they do not commit to maintaining inflation at low levels and controlled.
Emprego da RMN aliada à quimiometria no controle de qualidade de suco de laranja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Oliveira, Clayton Rodrigues de
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3011985997805760
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7172297688805316
Fresh orange juice is widely appreciated all over the world for its pleasant flavor and because it is a great source of nutrients. Currently, Brazil leads the world in the production and export of orange juice, generating billions of dollars each year. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the application of 1H NMR in combination with chemometrics in order to characterize the chemical properties of commercial juices and to compare them with natural juices from the main types of Citrus sinensis cultivated in Brazil and bought in the local market. Moreover, the degree of alteration and the variation in concentrations of derived chemical constituents of commercial and natural juices in different storage conditions were evaluated. Hence, three (3) samples of commercial juices and five (5) types of natural juices extracted from pêra Rio oranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), Bahia oranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), murcote oranges (C. grandis (L.) Osbeck), lima oranges (C. aurantifolia), and lima da Pérsia oranges (C. aurantifolia) were studied. The 2D and 1H NMR techniques had proved to be an important tool for characterization and relative quantification of the main metabolites that are found in the alteration of natural and commercial orange juice samples of this study. The application of these techniques has allowed the characterization of twenty seven (27) metabolites present in orange juice samples examined herein. The results showed that the absolute quantification of ethanol and the relative quantification for formic, fumaric, lactic, acetic, pyruvic, and succinic acids indicate that these compounds changes in the orange juice occurred during the storage period and conditions. Furthermore, principal components analysis (PCA) was used to classify commercial and natural orange juice through quantification of major and minor metabolites present in juices.
Estudo in vitro e in vivo da osseointegração de implantes de titânio com superfícies biomimetizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Busquim, Thaís de Paula
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Kuri, Sebastião Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8532573164336075
The researchrs conducted with implants are seek to improve the quality of products in order to reduce the waiting time after the surgery to undergo implants on chewing loads safely. To meet this expectation it must be considered that the body has a minimum time to perform the reactions that lead to osseous integration. This study was conducted to characterize the existing titanium oxide layer in commercial implants anodized (Vulcano Actives ®) and treated with acid (Master Porous ®) and compare with a non-commercial implant with ion deposition on the surface (Porous Nano ®). The study consisted of changing the surface morphologies of titanium implants to accelerate the process of osseous integration. In vitro analyses of surfaces were performed, as well as, (roughness, chemical composition, wettability) "in vivo" (indirect measure of osseointegration). The implants were inserted in rabbit s tibia and the rabbits were sacrificed 90 days after implantation. The composition of the passive film was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), RAMAM spectroscopy, electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The results showed that implants treated by anodizing there is predominance of anatase type of titanium oxide on the surface. The others surfaces of implants have very thin oxide and the characterization techniques available have not been able to identify the allotropic form of titanium oxide. The results of the tests showed that the higher value of roughness, the greater contact angle and removal torque of implants was reached at anodized surface implants. Surface treatments show that it is possible to reduce the time of activation of the implant with security, you can get a bone-implant interface with mechanical strength appropriate to support the oral critical forces in clinical situations, such as bone of low quality. Incubation of neutrophils in the different areas showed that in short time of interaction surface morphology is the most important feature, while at longer time chemical composition has a positive effect on cellular interaction. Spectrophotometry revealed that the adsorption of fibronectin (FN) in Porous surfaces and those Doped with Na and F is similar (80%). The association indexes of osteoblastics cells in the samples with and without FN and the values of radioactivity of samples suggest that the incorporation of FN is conclusive citocompatibility of surfaces. The surface coating of titanium with FN proved to be a great option for the treatment of dental implants to optimize and accelerate the process of osseointegration.
Craqueamento de cicloexano sobre zeólitas ácidas : atividade, seletividade e influência da presença de mesoporosidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30)
Gonçalves, Alexandre Amormino dos Santos
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3131048284017086
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
The need to develop a catalyst capable of processing heavy oil fractions, which is extracted from deeper wells, is essential. This concern has become more remarkable with the discovery of new oil fields in Brazil. This expectation, which will sustain the country's independence concerning to the production of oil and its derivatives, has led to profound changes in the scientific and technological strategies of Petrobras, in order to provide the necessary knowledge for the processing and production of Petroleum derivatives, attending the various quality and environmental constraints, as well as provide raw material for the growing demand of the petrochemical industry. In this complex context, the study of catalysts for obtaining light hydrocarbons by cracking of heavy fractions of petroleum became an important strategy. The zeolites used in this process, in despite of be very actives, have restrictions regarding to internal diffusion of bulky molecules, which must be overcome. The present research is inserted in this background. The studies were directed in a first step to check the activity and selectivity of acid zeolites in the cracking of cyclohexane, used as a model molecule. The evaluation of H-ZSM-5, H-mordenite, H-Ferrierite, H-Beta and USY, showed that the activity was greatly influenced by the number of external sites and the great potential of the H-Beta zeolite to be applied in naphthenic cracking, because it showed high activity and a better yield to light olefins than USY zeolite, used commercially. The H-ZSM- 5 zeolite confirmed their high potential as catalyst for this process. The cracking of cyclohexane on the H-zeolites also showed the influence of the external sites. Expecting to overcome the diffusional limitations in microporous commented above, in a second step, the study was focused on the preparation of solids containing micro and mesoporous. The method of nanoclusters ZSM-5 zeolite aggregation in a mesostructure matrix was used, resulting in a solid composed by a segregated material of MCM-41 and ZSM-5, but with high catalytic potential. In the materials characterization were used X-ray diffraction (XRD) at low and wide angles, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD-NH3), N2 Physisorption and nuclear magnetic resonance of Al27 (NMR Al27).