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Resposta fisiologica de Chlorella vulgaris sob concentrações variáveis de cádmio, fósforo e nitrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-09)
Chia, Mathias Ahii
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7713651406566544
Microalgae are capable of adapting themselves to changes in environmental conditions through the production of different biomolecules. This study investigated the effects of the metal, cadmium on the ecophysiological response of microalgae under varying nutrient conditions. In the first phase of the study, we examined the growth, biomass production and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris using semi-continuous cultures employing three growth media (LC Oligo, Chu 10 and WC media) to enable the selection of the most appropriate growth medium. The highest cell density, chlorophyll a, carbohydrate, protein and lipid concentration were found in Chu and LC Oligo media. Due to the cost effectiveness of using LC Oligo medium, it was the chosen as the preferred medium among the three tested media. The calorific values of C. vulgaris at different phosphorus (P) levels were investigated in the second phase of this study. Calorific value reported under replete concentration (13.78 kJ g-1) was less than those found under P limitation (30.47-33.07 kJ g-1). The highest calorific values without growth retardation were obtained at the 10-6 mol L-1 P. The third phase of this research involved determinations of growth, biomass production and biochemical composition of C. vulgaris under varying cadmium (Cd), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations. Three P (6.0x10-7, 2.3x10-6 and 2.3x10-4 mol L-1) and N (2.9x10-6, 1.1x10-5, 1.1x10-3 mol L-1) concentrations were tested one at a time with or without the addition of Cd at 10-7 and 2.0x10-8 mol L-1. Cadmium at 10-7 mol L-1 severely reduced growth and biomass production when P or N were limiting. Under N limitation total intracellular carbohydrates were accumulated most intensively compared to the P treatments with or without Cd. The presence of 2.0x10-8 Cd stimulated higher carbohydrate production when P was limiting. Protein productivity decreased with decreasing N and P concentrations. Total protein was highest in the control. Under nutrient replete conditions, the growth and biomass inhibitory effects of xxii Cd were significantly reduced. Combined P limitation and Cd exposure stimulated higher total lipid production than only P or N limitation. Triacylglycerols (TAG) was the most accumulated lipid class under P and N limitation and Cd stress among all the neutral and polar lipid classes. Increasing P and N limitation and Cd exposure resulted in higher SAFA and MUFA concentrations. 16:1n - 11 was an exception among the MUFA as its levels decreased at low N. Total PUFA and ω3 PUFA levels, and PUFA:SAFA ratios increased under healthy growth conditions (high P and N without Cd). An exception among the PUFA was 18:2n 6 that responded to P treatments differently as its levels increased with increasing P and N limitation. A significant (p<0.05) positive relationship of PUFAs, AMPL and PL with P and N was observed. Total SAFA, 14:0, 18:1n 9 and 18:2n 6 were positively related to Cd and negatively correlated with P and N.
Estudo da fauna de Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) em áreas de cerrado no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-10)
Loffredo, Ana Paula da Silva
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2740297866888476
This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of Brazilian fauna of Pimplinae through the characterization and quantification of their genera and species in Cerrado areas of State of São Paulo. Using Malaise traps and "sweeping" the vegetation in 11 localities in the State of São Paulo, the sampling points were placed in protected areas, especially in Ecological Stations and State Parks and an area of the campus of Universidade Federal de São Carlos, during the period 2006 to 2008. We collected 716 specimens of Pimplinae, distributed in 58 taxa (33 species, with 25 probable new species) and the finding of new records for the Brazilian fauna (14 species). Pimpla Fabricius, 1804 and Neotheronia Krieger, 1899 were the genera with the largest number of individuals and better distribution, being found in all fragments. The sampling points relating to the localities of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, Águas de Santa Bárbara and Bauru showed high levels of abundance. Considering the values of species richness, no pattern could be observed, as was found similar values of wealth taking place in different locations. The calculated values of the Equitability, the highest values (more than 80%) are in places where the dominance of the genus Pimpla was lower, so higher homogeneity community. It was found that Pimplinae are more abundantly collected in the rainy season, confirming the relationship between abundance and seasonality. Descriptions of new species, the characterization of the remaining and adding information about the geographical distribution of Pimplinae were other important contributions of this work.
Sentidos do medo no discurso político eleitoral brasileiro contemporâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-10)
Sakai, Daiane Ramon Fagundes
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Piovezani Filho, Carlos Félix
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677609008094603
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2206197287322706
This work aims to analyze the meanings of the word "fear" in the brazilian electoral political discourse. More precisely, based on the principles of Discourse Analysis derived from Pêcheux and his group, the aim here is to interpret statements that were generated by the major candidates for president in the Free Television Time for Election (HGPE) campaign of the years 1989, 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006. The specific objectives refer to the discursive description and interpretation of the acting of the word "fear", and will be guided by the hypothesis that the meaning of that word will be built as it is inserted in one or another discursive formation and employed in one or another condition of production. The corpus of research is constituted based on an initial triage undertaken on all HGPEs of these presidential campaigns, through exclusive selection of statements in which the lexeme "fear" is used explicitly. In order to achieve these goals, the first chapter presents some reflections on the various facets of fear in history, focusing on biological, cultural, historical and political aspects. Then the second chapter lists some aspects of what could be a brief history of fear of the left and right in Brazil. Finally, the last chapter presents some synthetic considerations Discourse Analysis, in order to, from them, the statements contained in the word fear can be analyzed in a discursive perspective. Regardless of the ideology of the candidate, that is, right or left, it is concluded that the use of the word "fear" is present in both discourses in order of slandering the opponent, and hence manipulate the voter.
Efeitos do exercício físico sobre a expressão hepática de activina A e folistatina em modelo de doença hepática gordurosa não acoólica em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-10)
Silva, Rafaella Nascimento e
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Leal, Ângela Merice de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202663545989206
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4084501298442515
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver and associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily which inhibits hepatocyte growth and induces apoptosis. Follistatin is a glycoprotein which antagonizes the biological actions of activin. Exercise is an important therapeutic strategy to decrease the metabolic effects of obesity. In this study, we evaluated the pattern of Activin A and follistatin liver expression in obese rats submitted to swimming exercise. Adult male Wistar rats were allowed free access to standard rodent chow (control group, C) or HF diet (58% Kcal from fat, high-fat group, HF) during 12 weeks. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed at 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, C and HF rats were randomly assigned to a swimming training group (C-Ex and HF-Ex) or a sedentary group (C-Sed and HF-Sed). C-Ex and HF-Ex swam for 45 minutes at 0900h and 1700h, 5 day week-1, for 4 weeks. After this period, rats were submitted again to GTT and then killed by decapitation. Plasma was collected for liver enzymes, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and gammaglutamyl transaminase (GGT) determination. Liver was dissected and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -700 C for subsequent analysis. Actvin βA subunit and follistatin mRNA was quantified by real time RT-PCR. HF developed insulin resistance according to GTT and ITT tests. ALT levels were significantly higher in HF-Sed than in C-Sed and significantly lower in HF-Ex than in HF-Sed. AST and GGT did not vary among the groups. Actvin βA subunit mRNA was significantly higher in HF-Ex than in HF-Sed. Follistatin mRNA was significantly lower in C-Ex and HF-Ex compared to C-Sed and HF-Sed, respectively. There was no evidence of steatosis or inflammation (grade 0) in C. In contrast, in HF the severity of steatosis varied from grade 1 to grade 3. This was not associated with inflammation or fibrosis. After the training period, HF-Ex showed improvement in the extent of liver parenchyma damage, the severity of steatosis varying from grade 0 to grade 1. These data suggest that exercise may reduce the deleterious effects of high-fat diet on liver and the local expression of activin-follistatin may be involved.
Influência de polipropileno maleado no comportamento de fratura (EWF) de compósitos de polipropileno/fibra de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-11)
Bollini, Guilherme Silva
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Sousa, José Alexandrino de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7737833809468759
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7644671617057335
Thermoplastic composites reinforced with short glass fibers, to be used in technical engineering applications, usually requires a good balance of properties, such as strength and tenacity. For the case of the composite of polypropylene reinforced with glass fibers, which presents a superior cost/mechanical performance when compared to other composites with matrices like polyamide and polyesters, high mechanical performance can only be achieved by an increase in fiber-polymer interfacial interaction, which is low due to the non-polar character of the PP matrix. This problem was solved by the adequate use of aminosilane coupling agent combined with an interfacial compatibilizer and its ideal content, which defines the balance between properties like strength and tenacity, still is a matter that needs further investigation. Therefore, the main goal of the present work was to evaluate the influence of maleated PP (PP-g-MAH) compatibilizer on short therm mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact strength) and on mechanical fracture mechanism, through the analysis of essential work of fracture (EWF), in composites of PP reinforced with equivalent fiber contents (30% in weight in the composite) of two types of glass fibers with different sizings, one compatible with matrices consisting of PP (GF968) and the other compatible with polar matrices such as polyamides (GF983). The tensile, flexural and impact strength analysis along with SEM microscopy, showed that the failure in these composites is due to achieving the maximum shear strength of the interface between the matrix and the PP-co-siloxane copolymer interphase. The results of EWF showed that the main contribution to the process of deforming energy dissipation it s attributed to the specific essential work of fracture (we), during the creation of new surfaces, associated to the mechanism of decoupling, pullout and fiber-polymer interface/interphase deformation.
Educação especial no estado de São Paulo : análise documental do período de 1989 a 2010
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-11)
Martins, Larissa de Souza
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6753346471872324
This paper aims to know and analyze the public policies in the Special Education field in the State of São Paulo in 15 years of PSDB government (1995 2010), as well to discuss the impact of these policies in the amount of enrollment of students with disabilities in the different levels and types of the basic education. The resources for this research were: the state law from 1995 to 2010 in the field of special education, the statistic data of School Census presented in Statistics Synopsis (1998-2006) and in the Microdata (2007-2010) available in INEP website. During the period studied, it was observed that the State of São Paulo presented high indices of Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), compared to other Brazilian States. Despite these high indices, São Paulo is a State whose level of social inequality is high. Thus, the economic inequality unfolds on many other inequalities, such as the inequality which is related to the access to employment and working conditions, housing, and access to transportation, leisure and essential public services like safety, health and education. In the period of study, it was found 45 documents, including laws, ordinance, resolutions and decisions. For the analysis and discussion of the documents, three main areas were used, which are considered important to the discussion on special education in the State, such as: pedagogical support to the students with disabilities, the teacher of special education and nonprofit institutions new institutions and agreements with the State. Concerning the impact of these policies in the enrollment of the students with disabilities, it is noted that until 2006 the number of enrollment of these students were concentrated in the segregated spaces (exclusively special school and special classrooms in regular schools). From 2007, there has been a significant increase in the number of the enrollments in common classrooms in the regular school. However, we can observe that most of these enrollments were concentrated in the elementary school. Another important fact is the number of enrollments of Youth and Adult Education, which has risen significantly during this period. We may also note that the enrollments in high school vary from a year to another and that the number of enrollments of students with disabilities in the regular school, in its majority, is from people with mental disabilities, representing almost 50% of the enrollments.
Avaliação de sistemas compatibilizantes nas correlações entre processamento e propriedades térmicas, mecânicas e de transporte em nanocompósitos de blenda HDPE/LLDPE e OMMT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-11)
Passador, Fabio Roberto
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Pessan, Luiz Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0152213852695153
Polyolefin nanocomposites have attracted significant technological and scientific interest due to the possibilities of improvements in thermal, mechanical and barrier properties. However, the hydrophobic nature of polyolefins poses a challenge to the exfoliation and dispersion process of the nanoclay in the polymeric matrix, requiring usually the use of compatibilizing agents. In this work, it was studied the influence of the blending protocol of the components and the effects of the addition of three compatibilizing systems (HDPE-g-MA, LLDPE-g-MA and mixture of HDPE-g-MA and LLDPE-g-MA) in HDPE /LLDPE blend-based nanocomposites. HDPE-g-MA has a higher viscosity and play a important role in the breaking and dispersion of the clay tactoids. The LLDPE-g- MA, with lower viscosity, helped in the intercalation process of the polymer chains between the nanoclay s lamellae and the mixing of the compatibilizing agents optimized the breakdown and intercalation process, and dispersion of the organophilic clay in the polymeric matrix. HDPE/LLDPE/OMMT nanocomposites with predominantly intercalated structure were obtained using different compatibilizing systems and concentrations of nanoclay. The thermal, mechanical and transport properties were strongly affected by the different compatibilizing systems. The mixture of compatibilizing agents (HDPE-g-MA and LLDPE-g-MA) produced a stronger interface between the dispersed phase and the polymeric matrix contributing to the increase in rigidity, elastic and flexural moduli of the nanocomposites. The transport properties showed that the nanocomposites behave as good barrier to water vapor and but showed low barrier characteristics to CO2 and O2. The decrease of the permeability coefficient is related to the use of compatibilizer systems which provided a good dispersion of the inorganic filler, good wettability of the matrix and strong interactions with the interface which could facilitate the diffusion process.
Base de dados morfológicos de terminologias do português do Brasil : descrição e análise morfológica com vistas à disponibilização on-line
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-12)
Coleti, Joel Sossai
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Almeida, Gladis Maria de Barcellos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4046789388750478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6204919581461383
The researches in Linguistics and Language fields are extremely rich, consistent and efficient in Brazil, however, still aren‟t expressive in the Brazilian researches the issues involving morphology and terminology. In this context, this research aims to describe the structure of two terminological repertoire (Nanoscience / Nanotechnology and Biofuels), representing the area of Engineering, at the level of the internal structure of its constituent terms, checking out the main processes of terms construction. Using this morphological description was organized a database for future computational implementation and on-line data availability. Later, for the higher productivity processes the Rules of Words Formation were established, as established by SILEX Model. This model of morphological analysis was designed by Danielle Corbin (1987, 1991, 1997, 2004) and developed by his team. This research aims to fill a gap, analyzing and describing the possible morphological processes in Portuguese (Brazilian variant) terminology and examining the most productive rules by which words are formed.
Modelo destrutivo com variável terminal em experimentos quimiopreventivos de tumores em animais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-12)
Zavaleta, Katherine Elizabeth Coaguila
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Rodrigues, Josemar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4359114733394761
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2822435460109129
The chemical induction of carcinogens in chemopreventive animal experiments is becoming increasingly frequent in biological research. The purpose of these biological experiments is to evaluate the effect of a particular treatment on the rate of tumors incidence in animals. In this work, the number of promoted tumors per animal will be parametrically modeled following the suggestions given by Kokoska (1987) and Freedman et al. (1993). The study of these chemopreventive experiments will be presented in the context of the destructive model proposed by Rodrigues et al. (2010) with terminal variable that allows or censures the experiment at time of the animal death. Since the data analyzed in this field are subject to excess of zeros (Freedman et al. (1993)), we propose for the number of promoted tumors a negative binomial distribution (NB), a zero-inflated Poisson distribution (ZIP), and a zero-inflated Negative Binomial distribution (ZINB). The selection of these models will be made through the likelihood ratio test and the AIC, BIC criteria. The estimation of its parameters will be obtained by using the method of maximum likelihood, and further simulation studies will also be realized. As a future proposition to finalize this project, it is suggested the Bayesian methodology as an alternative to the method of maximum likelihood via the EM algorithm.
Catalisadores de CuO, Fe2O3 ou Co3O4 suportados em TiO2, CeO2 ou ZrO2: preparação via Sol-gel in situ ou impregnação e avaliação na redução de NO com CO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-13)
Sierra-Pereira, Cristiane Alves
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5913784674766133
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
The minimization of the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is a subject of crucial interest, since them cause serious environmental problems which affect human health, vegetation and fauna. With the purpose to abate NOx, processes involving their catalytic reduction show strong potential. In the case of the reduction of NO with CO a meaningful advantage arises, once both pollutants are removed simultaneously. In order to obtain efficient and stable catalysts for this reaction, many studies have been done with the aim to improve the catalytic activity by achieving a better favorable metal-support interaction to the occurrence of the reaction and a better distribution of the active phases on the support. In this context, the objective of this study was to prepare Cu, Fe and Co based catalysts supported on TiO2, CeO2 and ZrO2 to be applied in the abatement of NO with CO. The addition of the precursors of the active phases was made during the synthesis of the support via the sol-gel method (in situ addition). Furthermore, catalysts with the same composition were prepared by conventional methods. Results from the N2 adsorption/desorption measurements show that the sol-gel method was efficient to prepare supports with improved textural properties. H2-TPR and UVVIS-DRS data evidenced the presence of Cu, Fe or Co oxides in the respective catalysts, which mostly did not show characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks of those oxide phases, suggesting their high dispersion on the supports. In general, results of the reduction of NO to N2 with CO revealed that the catalysts prepared via sol-gel are as active as those prepared by conventional routes, which demonstrate the great potential of the catalysts preparation via the sol-gel in situ procedure, which diminishes the number of the synthesis steps saving time and energy. In general, among the studied supports, ceria presented a more favorable metal-support interaction. In the presence of O2, SO2 and water steam, catalysts 6,5Cu/CeP, 5,5CuZrSG and 8,4Fe/TiC showed no significant changes in their activity and selectivity, indicating that they present high stability to be used under the severe conditions of real processes.
Comunidades de aves frugívoras e nectarívoras e disponibilidade de recursos em dois estádios sucessionais de regeneração de Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-13)
Silva, Bruna Gonçalves da
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Piratelli, Augusto João
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058
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Christianini, Alexander Vicente
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
The availability of food resources in different degrees of regeneration of a forest may contribute to possible variations in species abundance and composition of bird communities. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the structure of frugivores and nectarivores bird communities and the availability of food resources - flowers and fruit - in two successional stages of regeneration (initial-secondary and advanced) of the Atlantic Forest. To reach this goal, frugivores and nectarivores birds were monitored in representative sites of these stages, considering seasonality and production of flowers and fruits at each stage over a year. The frugivores and nectarivores were compared in richness, species composition, relative abundance and diversity. We used fixed point counts for sampling birds, and to estimate the production of flowers and fruits, we delimited three replicates of four plots (10x10m) at each stage of succession. The two studied successional stages differed significantly in most of the analyzed vegetation structure variables. The composition and relative abundance of some bird species also showed differences between the two stages of regeneration, but not quantitative parameters as richness and diversity. There were variations in plant community phenological curves and in the amount of the floral production between the two successional stages. The relative abundance of frugivores had a significantly positive relationship with the amount of available ripe fruits. In the advanced stages, the relative abundance of nectarivores birds had a significantly positive relationship to the number of individuals of flowering epiphytic plant species; while in secondary stages of regeneration there was no change in the abundance of nectarivores birds in response to floral resource availability. Thus, in areas that are not continuous to primary forests may occur in a declining population of frugivorous and nectarivorous birds in response to variations in the phenological curves and food shortages causing changes in the processes of breeding and selection of plant species, which can bring significant implications for the conservation of birds and plants.
A perspectiva de uma antropologia behaviorista radical: cultura, variação, seleção e transmissão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-13)
Leugi, Guilherme Bergo
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2139829479046389
Since the early writings on Radical Behaviorism there has been analysis of what is commonly known as the cultural level of variation and selection. Over the past 25 years, approximately, with growing interest by the scientific community on the culture topic, as well as conceptual developments regarding behavioral contingency analogies for the cultural determination, studies on Selection by Consequences model specifically for the culture have gained prominence. Skinner textually defines culture in many different ways throughout his work; nevertheless we believe it was possible to analyze them and theoretically propose an alternative understanding, based on most general principles of Radical Behaviorism with special attention to this theory determinism, regarding the functional relations established among environment and human actions. We understand that it is possible to comprehend the cultural system of determination of behavior as related to the environment which is historically and socially produced, not only referring to sets of behaviors repeated over generations. Cultural practices, as a proposition, would be redefined as parts of the behavioral environment (in this case, comprehended as reinforcing cultural practices). We also believe that it was possible to define a schematic model of determination based on the environmental and historical aspects, which is expected to be comprehensive in relation to culturally determined behavior (whether those behaviors produced in groups or those emitted alone, but which still are socially build). After these analyzes, we took a quick foray into Anthropology attempting to establish ways for the methodological inclusion of ethnography in the field of behavioral study of the culture. The current work is intended as an interpretative possibility and has not, of course, exhausted the subject matter or completely solved the problem of environmental determination on culture.
Percepção sobre restauro da mata ciliar realizado em propriedades rurais às margens do Ribeirão Feijão (Itirapina e São Carlos, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-13)
Zattoni, Michelle
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Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5814855426888356
This research aimed to survey the environmental perception of owners, employees and residents of rural properties in relation to the work of restoration of riparian vegetation. The data were collected through a structured interview script. The main result found was that respondents have relevant information about the importance of getting the reforestation to improve the quality of life and environment. However, there are difficulties in implementing conservation actions in the areas of permanent preservation in the properties, as well as lack of rural extension support. The conclusion is that a better understanding of the local environmental issues perceived by local social actors may support future actions of the governmental and nongovernmental organizations working in the region of this research.
A construção do conhecimento agroecológico através da utilização de ferramentas participativas no Projeto "Assentamentos Sustentáveis" nas regiões de Ribeirão Preto e Itapeva, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-13)
Souza, Tatiane de Jesus Marques
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Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0343116060357809
This study aims discusses the use of participatory methods in agroecological practices developed by the project "Social and environmental capacitation for the building of sustainable development projects in rural settlements in the state of São Paulo" that used as methodology the Participatory Rural Appraisal, the Participatory Action Research and the Participatory Observation. The localities chosen for the discussion, because of the similarity of thematic worked, were two settlements of agrarian reform; the Sepé Tiaraju, that has a sustainable development propose since its formation; and the Pirituba, one of the first settlements in the state, structured in the conventional production system. This paper discussed progresses and challenges related with methodological strategies used in this settlements for the building of agroecological knowledge. Progresses are primarily related to the strategic participation of the project construction, of the process of farmers experimentation and the knowledge exchange executed. The challenges are related to the autonomy of the farmers groups, who were part of the project and to the extension of the type of the public, mainly related to the gender issue of those who were part of the activities.
Efeito da inclusão de levedura na ração de tilápias na fase larval sob os parâmetros microbiológicos, bioquímicos, físico-químico e sensorial da qualidade do filé
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-13)
Costa, Patrícia Braun
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Dias, Luciana Thie Seki
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0630011302129660
This work aimed to study the different effects of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) during sex reversal in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) represented by hybrid GIFT on microbiological parameters, biochemical, physicochemical and sensory quality during storage and sensory analysis of fresh fillets. The experiment was conducted at the premises of UPD Pirassununga, APTA Pole Middle East tilapia larvae with two days of age were placed in aquariums 40litros according to the treatments, and were fed with 60mg of the hormone 17 α metil-testosterona/kg ration for 30 days for sex reversal. Treatment with fish larvae that received the supplementation of yeast had the same diet with hormone plus the addition of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% yeast fully dried and milled then constituting T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. At the end of 08 months, the fish were slaughtered. The performance was calculated. For statistical analyzes of the results we used the GLM procedure of SAS (Statistical Analysis System, 1996). To verify the significance between treatment means was used Tukey test at 5 and 1% probability. The results showed that supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the diet of Nile tilapia shows that treatment with 1% yeast inclusion was better than the other treatments in the mean values of lipids and the lipids and triglycerides increased can not necessarily have an effect of diet, but may be a genetic trait hybrid Gift, requiring further studies to confirm this, that in addition to the sensory evaluation treatment with 2% addition of yeast showed better consumer acceptance, and purchase by panelists, and there was significant differences between treatments regarding the attributes of color, odor, taste and texture and microbiological analyzes showed no differences between treatments and storage times.
Experimentos em ondas e acústica para auxiliar o processo ensino e aprendizagem da física no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-13)
Silva, Klaus Nogueira da
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Olivieri, Carlos Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1021041885739982
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7978315088657109
This paper describes the development of experimental activities with the aid of the microcomputer as a measuring tool in the laboratory teaching of physics, as well as an account of his experience in the classroom. Using the software Audacity activities were carried out involving acoustic wave phenomena and as an aid for the development of a significant learning in high school. As theoretical references were used sociointeractionist theories of Vygotsky and Ausubel's meaningful learning. The instructional material was applied to two groups of high school students: a State School Marechal Rondon - Guara / SP and other College Evolution - Guara / SP. The learning experience is described in this paper and the product was produced education tours for student experiments.
Síntese e avaliação da atividade biológica de neolignanas e análogos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-17)
Souza, Vanessa Almeida de
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9454254517018113
Substituted benzofurans and neolignans have considerable pharmacological potential. In this work, we report some synthetic methods for the construction of these rings, as well as their derivatives. Through the oxidative coupling reaction between isoeugenol, some neolignans were obtained. Employing the McMurry and Sonogashira cross coupling, Wittig-Horner olefination or condensation of 2- hydroxyacetophenones with bomoacetophenones led to the formation of different benzofurans. The biological activities of the obtained compounds were evaluated against the microorganisms of Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and tuberculosis, and also against the Trypanosoma cruzi gGAPDH enzyme. The neolignans showed better activity against epimastigote forms of T. cruzi, and one of the compounds showed a very close activity when compared to the standard benznidazole. The neolignans also showed good results against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, with IC50 values below 26 μM; and activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIC of 31.25 μM for compounds 66, 70 and 73. The benzofurans were, in general, more active against the L. amazonensis than T. cruzi. The benzofurans also showed interesting activity against the M. tuberculosis, with MIC of 15.12 μM for compound 97. All compounds tested showed no activity against the gGAPDH enzyme.
Técnicas de bioinformática aplicadas ao estudo de poligalacturonases de fungos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-18)
Santos, Adriana Miranda dos
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6845476344714243
Plant cell walls are composed of approximately 65% cellulose microfibrils and pectin. The latter is proteolytically degraded by the so-called pectinases enzymes (also known as pectinolytic enzymes). Pectinases may be either depolymerizing. They are produced by plants, filamentous fungi, bacteria, and yeast. Due to the wide commercial use of pectinase, one has testified a growing number of studies devoted to understand the activities of such enzymes. Bioinformatics tools were employed throughout this work in order to study fungal polygalacturonase (PG) under two aspects. Firstly, all stored fungal PG sequences in databases (2093) were analyzed in order to evaluate through searching for sequential motifs and phylogenetic studies the possibility to classifying the enzymes as either Endo- or Exo-PG. After excluding those with less than 70 amino acids, those that corresponded to the hypothetical protein , and those that were neither PG nor fungal PG, there were 957 sequences left. Those sequences were separated according to genus and species. For each group, multiple sequence alignments were made by using ClustalW software. The alignments were analyzed and the sequences displaying 100% identity were then expunged, thus resulting in a database of unique sequences of fungal PG. By means of the alignment, the study of structural motifs, and the construction of phylogenetic trees, one was able to classify all the sequences according to their mode of action in either Endo- or Ex-PG. Throughout the second part of our research, protein homology-modeling methods were employed while constructing a three-dimensional model of a L. gongylophorus fungal polygalacturonase, symbiont of leaf-cutting ant. The model was validated by PROCHECK, VERIFY 3D, and WHAT IF software. By analyzing the 3D model of the L. gongylophorus PG, a catalytic mechanism of the enzyme was outlined, which may take place by inverting the configuration of sugar anomeric carbon (substrate).
Desenvolvimento de multicamadas metálicas do tipo Pt/Ir/Pt eletrodepositadas em titânio para eletrocatálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-19)
Zulke, Alana Aragon
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3148428465823048
Regarding to the search for new energy sources, of renewable character, fuel cells fall into one of the most studied proposals on Electrochemistry. More specifically, the direct fuel cells (DAFCs) using short-chain alcohols as fuel, have attracted the attention of researchers over the past two decades. Problems related to the energy efficiency of Pt-based catalysts for use in fuel cells, drive several studies in the literature concerning to the modification of these catalytic systems. Thus, have been proposed in the literature, other materials than pure Pt, such as alloys in binary and ternary composition, and more recently, metallic multilayered structures(MM), the latter being the study object of this work. Platinized titanium electrodes were prepared by potentiostatic electrodeposition technique (0.05 V vs RHE), and times of 1000 sec were necessary to obtain an identical polycrystalline platinum voltammetric profile, with guaranteed reproducibility. On these substrates, Ir/Pt bilayered systems were electrodeposited controlling films thickness through the deposition charge. Calculations revealed mass loading of platinum between13.4 and 26.3 μg and maximum film thickness of 43.2 nm. AFM images confirmed the homogeneity of the coatings as well as the total covering of the substrate. A screening of variables with the aid of a 22 factorial design with central point showed better intrinsic catalytic activity (current density normalized by the electroactive area) for the Ti/Pt25mC/Ir6mC/Pt system, which answers were around 270% higher than those obtained for Ti/Pt systems. In addition to the methanol oxidation voltammetry, chronoamperometric tests of methanol oxidation and CO stripping voltammetry suggest the MM-like systems are less susceptible to the catalyst poisoning phenomenon compared to the Ti/Pt systems. Assuming that there are no area effects due the current normalization through the electroactive area, nor the possibility of a bifunctional mechanism occurring,considering that are just Pt catalytic centers exposed, an explanation for the purposes of promoting catalytic activity may be based on electronic effects due to the possible compressive stress generated by the bilayer Ir/Pt causing an energy enlargement of the d band, lowering the adsorbates energy of adsorption. EIS data indicated a lower resistance to charge transfer in the reactions performed on MM systems, which strengthens the argument regarding the positive electronic effects associated with MM-like structures.
Ensino de química para alunos cegos : desafios no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-19)
Aragão, Amanda Silva
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7257235226412428
The using of models on Chemistry Teaching is tying the understanding of various subjects, namely, molecular representation, chemical functions, stoichiometry, and others, to visual signification. These skills are important for a critical and conscious formation of the student, regarding the using of chemical substances on his daily life. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend how blind students can apprehend Chemistry notions, since that they are connected to social questions in which the individuals are involved. To understand the context of participation of these students at school in Chemistry classes, were interviewed visually impaired students of two classes of the first year of High School, of a state school in a city in São Paulo state, their Chemistry teachers and the teacher of the resources room. Beyond that, to understand the dynamics of school Chemistry classes, was performed the participant observation in these classes. Through this monitoring, was possible a better contact with the visually impaired students, what became essential for the understanding of their school routine. Regarding the difficulties on Chemistry learning is possible to say that, considering the contact with the students, they are connect to the subjects that demand visual perception and spatial interpretation, like graphics. Beyond the observation, were made pedagogical evaluations about the subject Substances and Mixtures and Atomic Models, with the aim to understand how the students apprehended the concepts involved in these subjects. Based on these data, was developed a lesson plan regarding the subject of atomistic, considering the presuppositions of historical-critical pedagogy. The classes about atomic theory resulted on the preparation of a pedagogical-didactic material in order to provide means for the apprehension of Chemistry concepts by the students. The material was used in Chemistry classes, and the elaboration of concepts, from such material, was accompanied during the process of students development and learning process.