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Estudo dos alcaloides quinolônicos de Waltheria brachypetala Turcz: isolamento, determinação estrutural, biogênese, atividades fungitóxica e anticolinesterase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-26)
Lima, Murilo Marinho de Castro
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0473315948052236
Waltheria brachypetala Turcz (Malvaceae) is an endemic medicinal plant from brazilian northeast. This plant is commonly used on folk medicine as antifungal, antiinflamatory and to treatment of bronchitis and central nervous system disturbs. The aim of this work was the investigation of quinolone alkaloids produced by this plant. Through usual chromatographic methods of purification were isolated from hexane and diclorometane phases of roots and bark, nineteen quinolone alkaloids, being ten already reported on literature: antidesmone (1), N-methyl-antidesmone (2), desoxi-antidesmone (3), chamaedrone (4), hyeronimone (5), metil-hyeronimone (6), waltheriones A (7) and B (8), N-methyl-waltherione A (9), 4-O-methyl-waltherione A (10) and nine novel alkaloids: waltheriantidesmone (11), brachytelones A (12), B (13), C (14), D (15), waltheriones C (16) and D (17), N-methyl-waltherione B (18) and 10-hydroxi-waltherione D (19), along with common ciclycpeptides to Hermannieae. Were also isolated twocoumarinolignans cleomicine A (20) and acethylcleomicine A (21) as new to genus Waltheria, and other secondary metabolites common in plants. The hexane and dicloromethane phases of the bark were studied by HPLC-UV-MS/MS to make possible the identification of the probable biogenesis intermediates of the waltheriones: 9,10-epoxy-10-hydroxi-melochinone (22), 13-hydroxi-melochinone (23) e melochinone (24), along with vanessine (25) e waltheriahyeronimone (26), being 26 did not yet report on literature. The isolation of that alkaloids from W. brachypetala confirmes it as potential chemossistematic markers to Hermannieae tribe and it strengthens the hypothesisof chemossystematic to suggest possible evolutive similarity between Hermannieae (Malvaceae) and Antidesmeae (Phyllantaceae), as well as similarity of antidesomne biogenesis pathway with melochinone derivatives biogenesis pathway. The alkaloids11, 12 and 13 represent a new class of aryl-alkyl-quinolone alkaloids that are being reported by first time in this work. The biological potential of W. brachypetalawas evaluated on the inhibition of AChE enzime and fungitoxic assays against the citros phytopatogen Guignardia citricarpa. All quinolone alkaloids tested presented significant activity of inhibition of AChE in vitro detaching the aryl-alkyl-quinolone alkaloids: waltheriantidesmone, brachytelone A e brachytelone B, that inhibits AChE in 93%, 88,04% e 91,05%, respectively, on concentration of 100 μM and with low value of IC50. The alkaloids antidesmone, w-antidesmone, chamaedrone, brachytelone A and brachytelone B, apresentaram excelente fungitoxic activity against G. citricarpa, as much with regard to mycelial growth inhibition as to germination of spores and apressorium formation presenting low value ofIC50. It detaches that the alkaloids brachytelone A and waltheriantidesmone presented more potente than the commercial fungicide carbendazin at concentration of 5 μg/ml, being thus potential candidates to chemical control of the Black Spot of Citros.
Desenvolvimento ágil para groupware na Web 2.0
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-26)
Pereira, Vinicius
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7461408251475978
This project investigated an Agile Development Process for groupware on theWeb 2.0. The process has its based in different technologies, especially those of the Scrum agile method, integrated with functional testing at the acceptance level. To assist this integration, we established a greater intercommunication between the process disciplines, using the User Stories as artifacts in all disciplines. The process aims to take advantage of the agility of the Scrum without losing quality in the development of applications. It was developed based on the Scrum process, with the addition of technologies that support the creation and use of artifacts in the search for integration with functional testing. The process uses three disciplines, each one refining the User Stories, which occur in different degrees of abstraction throughout the development. These stories should be a most faithful portrait possible of user needs and are used both in the form of cards (Story Cards), for requirements specification, and in an executable format to guide the implementation and work as functional testing. Mockups are used to complement the requirements specified in the cards, assisting in the task of representing the requirements. This set is the basis for the creation of User Stories in executable format. Other modeling artifacts, like Class Diagram, can also be specified in order to elicit requirements of the application. The procedure is supported by tools developed to enable the integration of the functional tests. These tools define a tests specification language to write User Stories, created as a DLL for Visual Studio, and a converter of these User Stories for functional testing in C# code. Thus, the proposed process provides a greater integration of tests during the development and execution of each discipline in order to produce higher quality applications. To test the process, applications were developed in the domain of groupware in Web 2.0. The adoption of this area was motivated by the idea of exploring the development of collaborative software that supports group work of people involved in common tasks.
"No galejo da remada": estudo etnográfico sobre a noção de aventura em Brotas, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-27)
Bandeira, Marília Martins
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9148206536101330
To investigate the use and development of the idea of adventure in brasilian sports field was the main goal of this study. Due to the enormous variability of the contemporary experience of adventure, I tried to follow the developments of a local version from where doubts about its specificity emerged. I started, then, on how this notion was thought and rationalized and, at the same time, on its practice in the city of Brotas (São Paulo state), self entitled the Brazilian capital of adventure. The study of adventure in this ambiance, undeniably embodied, led me to put my own body to work for its understanding and to focus on rafting practice in Brotas, as the condition of possibility of this experiment. However, during the experimentation I realized adventure held the sporting component only as one of the possible elements of its exploring. While making the effort to put in words so many angles, objects in dispute, categories of accusation and self praising discourses that circumscribe the hues on the concept of adventure I ended on acknowledging that the main concerns of adventure in Brotas regard not only the amateur sport, but also the professionalization of tourism and, before it all, an environmental project. Through the problematization of these themes, "adventure as work" came up as an unpredicted matter but a core question to the ethnographic research. And I noted that it is compromised with a peculiar notion of nature and that it is produced in opposition to the concept of radicality. But that, even though the exaltation of nature produces the detachment of radicality, the last one is regained as the contemporary notion of adventure is created so that, and it then demands, a certain type of tourist and a specific kind of worker, the adventure conductor, whose practices are related not to the avoidance, but to the facing of certain risks, mingled with the notions of safety and technique.
Análise da rede de relacionamentos em sistemas locais de inovação : a experiência de Santa Rita do Sapucaí MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-27)
Costa Júnior, Hélio Lemes
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0142918820756470
This work focuses on the development and support of clusters of firms in a local productive arrangement, analyzing the relevance of innovation, the innovation system that companies form, along with educational institutions and support agencies, analyze business interactions between the firms and their interactions with the education institutions and support agencies, from the point of view of skilled labor employment, relations among the components of the system for training, knowledge acquisition and research and development. Beginning with the case study of the Valley of Electronics, technological pole located in Santa Rita do Sapucaí, a small town in Minas Gerais - Brazil, it was possible to conclude that, even with little commercial trade among the actors of the local productive arrangement, there is information exchange between educational institutions and businesses and there are subjective aspects that justify the continued development and maintenance of the pole for almost four decades.
Produção de celulases, purificação e caracterização bioquímico-cinética da ß-Glicosidase produzida por fungo isolado da região amazônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-27)
Tonelotto, Mariana
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2826049908534068
The selection of cellulase-producing fungi is one of the possible estrategies for obtaining necessary enzymes to hydrolyze the lignocellulosic material of plant biomass and thereby contribute to the viability of cellulosic ethanol production. The aim of this study was achive a screening of isolated fungi from the Amazon region to assess the production of enzymes related to plant biomass degradation, in order to select a line for production, purification and biochemical, kinetical and and structural biology characterizationof the ß-Galactosidase enzyme. Therefore, this work was undertaken in three stages, first of all it was performed a screening of 40 fungal strains isolated from the Amazon region through the cultivation in solid state fermentation (FES) at 35ºC for 240 hours, using as substrate wheat bran. It was evaluated the production of xylanase, endoglucanase, FPase, pectinase, ß-Glicosidase and total protein, and the fungi that stood out were: P6B2, the best producer of xylanase, P47C3 (Aspergillus niger), the best producer endoglucanase and ß-Glicosidase and P40B3, the best producer of FPase. These three fungi were selected for the second phase of this work for assessment in the production of xylanase, FPase, endoglucanase, ß-Glicosidase and total protein by submerged fermentation (FSm). The fermentation took place for 5 days at 30ºC and 200 rpm with a source of carbon: 1% of wheat bran washed and nutrient medium. The fungi P47C3, which was identified as Aspergillus niger, showed the best production of these enzymes, being selected for the third stage of this project. This last step involved the selection of an enzyme that has not been elucidated its structural biology. Given this fact, we carried out a study of selection of the medium, purification and biochemicalkinetical characterization of ß-Galactosidase. The Aspergillus niger (P47C3) was subjected to submerged for 5 days at 200 rpm at 30ºC. Purification occured in three steps using: ion exchange column SP-Sephadex C-50 and SP TSK-5PW column, and gelfiltration, with the resin Sephacryl S-200. The enzyme ß-Galactosidase showed a molecular weight of 125 kDa, being stable at pH 4,0, with anoptimum temperature of 55ºC. It was evaluated theKmap e Vmáxap of two substrates, PNPG and lactose, being: 2,204 mM-0,285 mM/min and 2,101 mM-0,75mM/min, respectively. The inhibition of hydrolasis of the substrate PNPG by ß-Galactosidase in the presence of galactose inhibitor product showed a Ki value of 5,01 mM. Finally, the ß-Galactosidase was subjected to crystallization conditions, the best conditions occurred in buffer 0,2M Tris- HCl, with the precipitation agent, 12% PEG 4000 at pH 8,6. Therefore, the unpublished protocol for purification of ß-Galactosidase was efficient and it is possible to crystallize this enzyme of isolated fungi from the Amazon region, which showed great potencial for the production of this enzyme and that the future can be used in industrial application and biotechnological innovations.
A diversidade da agricultura familiar e o processo de recampesinização no envolvimento rural de Piedade-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-28)
Nadaleto, Claudio Eduardo Silva
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Beskow, Paulo Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0391061558152121
This research has been intended to elucidate the family farming diversity of Piedade, in the State of São Paulo and its ongoing repeasantization process within this wide relevant category in the municipality. The case study was made from a theoretical approach on the rural development and involvement as well as over the family farming. Thus, it was noticed that the farming process and the rural environment of Piedade had already experienced countless situations where they could be fit in the agricultural development, rural development and lastly according to the proposal of this research, rural involvement. This is because it has been observed that some farmer families have become more of peasant families with the various strategies they have undertaken and especially because of this, all their practices have been traversed across by the involvement and dynamism of their performers. Moreover, it has been verified that the repeasantization process gathers the most successful and promising strategies in promoting stability, motivation and autonomy to the local farmer families.
Aspectos canônicos da narrativa transmidiática em Lost
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-28)
Toledo, Glauco Madeira de
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Massarolo, João Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3902874128810762
The concept of transmedia storytelling by Henry Jenkins is taken in order to differentiate it from the concept of cross-media, older and worked earlier by several authors. Based on a comparison, it is proposed that the criterion of differentiation is the fact that transmedia storytelling necessarily tells a story and requires a specific type of cohesion of diegetic facts, here called fictional canon. These references are used to analyze an illustrative example: the series LOST (Lost, USA, 2004-2010), created by JJ Abrams, Jeffrey Lieber and Damon Lindelof, and its narrative extensions, since the body of work brings together some pieces that exhibit characteristics of both cross-media and transmedia storytelling, allowing discussion of the criterion of fictional canon. The text discusses the importance of adding the definition of transmedia storytelling the fictional canon variable, to better define the concept and to support future transmedia productions.
Produção e caracterização de filmes finos recobertos com albumina e fibronectina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-28)
Silva, Denise Aparecida Tallarico da
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Nascente, Pedro Augusto de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387043320265189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3702301231393292
Properties related to the increase in the durability of the implants and reliable and faster biological responses are commonly exploited in different areas of scientific research. The physical and chemical phenomena that occur on the surface of the bone/implant interface determine the biological responses following the implantation of biomaterials and therefore are critical to the effectiveness of the process of osseointegration. This work involved the growth and characterization of nanostructured thin films produced by sputtering of TiO2, ZrO2, Nb2O5, and Zr/Ti/Nb on Si(111) and stainless steel substrates, and their subsequent coating with proteins (bovine serum albumin - BSA and fibronectin - Fn). The characterization techniques employed were: X-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy - XPS, atomic force microscopy AFM, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry - ToF-SIMS, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy - EDS, and nanoindentation. All films showed low surface roughness, nanostructured s grains, and low elastic moduli. The protein adsorption analysis demonstrated that the Zr/Ti/Nb film deposited onto steel and heat-treated had the highest affinity for albumin and that TiO2 film had the highest affinity for fibronectin. All films demonstrated to be suitable for use as protective coating for metallic orthopedic implants
Treino de ouvinte e a relação entre tatos e mandos como protocolo experimental para a aquisição de regras simples
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-28)
Gamba, Jonas Fernandes
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2272473540657147
The analysis of the relation between listener and speaker repertoires has contributed to the comprehension about the processes involved in the acquisition of complex verbal skills. The study of rule-governed behavior is part of these efforts. Further, it has been hypothesized that the transformation effect of verbal rules is dependent on the existing bidirectional relations between words and objects specified in the rule. The present study aimed to analyze how the relation between listener training and the emergence of tacts and mands may be understood as a basis to interpret simple occurrences of rule-construction and rule-following repertoires during acquisition. The basic procedure involved teaching motor signs for known and unknown items through MTS tasks in a specific context (listener training), and testing for the emergence of mands and tacts and the rule-following and rule-construction behavior that required the use of this information in a different context. Participants learned to respond to new signs by selecting the appropriate visual stimuli (pictures of containers, tools, and unfamiliar stimuli). Tacts were tested asking the participant to signalize in the presence of the pictures. On the other hand, mands were tested in a context where the participants were required to signalize the missed tools necessary to use specific containers. Then, 3 unfamiliar stimuli were used to substitute 3 of the stimuli used in the original training. The final tests consisted of to assess if the information learned during the original training could be transfer to the unfamiliar stimuli. Results pointed out to the emergence of tacsts and mands after listener training for most of the participants. However, the transformation effect of verbal rules using unfamiliar stimuli seemed to be related with the existence of bidirectional relations between the signs and objects specified in the rule.
Monitoramento genético da população Ex Situ da jacutinga (Aburria jacutinga, Aves, Cracidae) como subsídio para a conservação da espécie
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-28)
Oliveira Junior, Paulo Roberto Ramos de
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
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Silveira, Luis Fábio
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Piratelli, Augusto João
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058
Several critically endangered species and subspecies have been saved from extinction in recent years by Ex Situ conservation strategies. However, captive populations are generally small and exposed to the effects of genetic drift, inbreeding and founder effects. Thus, a major challenge for long-term reproduction of these animals is to reduce the loss of heterozygosity and of allelic diversity. The genetic management can guide the matings to maintain the genetic variation as high as possible in the population. It can be achieved by calculating the genetic distance between the specimens, which is performed using molecular biology techniques. The Black-fronted Piping-Guan, Aburria jacutinga (Aves, Cracidae), is an endemic bird of the Atlantic Forest that is threatened of extinction due to the drastic destruction of this biome and the heavy hunting pressure. Among the suggested conservation actions for this species are the development of an Ex Situ conservation program with the goal of making reintroductions in areas where it has become extinct, as well as the maintenance of these captivity stocks controlled by a studbook. Here we have genotyped and analyzed 146 individuals from the five main breeding facilities. The results demonstrated five genetically differentiated populations of Black-fronted Piping-Guan, but their levels of genetic variability were very similar. However when these levels are compared with other species, the data suggest that the genetic variation is lower than desirable to reach the objectives proposed by the Ex Situ conservation programs. Pairing tables and genetic rankings were constructed and indicated kinship and levels of genetic variability of each bird. It was possible to identify the best pairs to be mated and individuals that were adequate for reintroductions.
Quantificação de carbono sequestrado em sistema de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar em aleias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-28)
Silva, Marco Rogerio Gomes da
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Margarido, Luiz Antonio Correia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5685663057214334
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2971221305276430
The present work aims to analyze the system of alleys, planting trees in rows associated with a commercial crop, in this case sugar cane, with three species of plants with timber characteristic, fertilize and fixative, making nutrient cycling, reducing the monoculture effects, with ecological and environmental gains. This technique will allow the increase of profits per hectare by fixing carbon during the growth period of these trees, besides the sale of wood production and promote the environmental sustainability of sugar cane. The physical parameters used to evaluate were monthly measurements during the first 2 years of experiment established, base diameter and the first branch plus the height of the stem of each plant, to thereby obtain the volume of each plant, to quantify the fixed carbon by non-destructive method. The results showed that the Guapuruvu capture media 685 g / plant of carbon, representing more 1.8 times than Cedar (381 g / plant) and 4.75 times more than Ipê (144 g / plant) in the same period. The Guapuruvu showed a yield higher than the Cedar and Ipe Yellow, both in tree growth and carbon fixation in evaluate period. The Arboreal species did not affect the development of the culture of sugar cane in the bands 30 and 45 meters of cultivation, only in 60 meters there was interference.
Acessibilidade a hospitais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-28)
Garcia, Patrícia Baldini de Medeiros
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1509105994022410
Developments in the health sector, especially those placed in public care are fundamental to the care of the entire population of a city and region. The location of health projects such as "Santa Casa" was made since many decades ago, or even the latest developments seem not to have been concerned with the accessibility of the population. Moreover, the travels generators poles, including the establishments of the health sector, cause significant impacts on its surroundings and also in the transport systems of the region they live. In general, the public hospitals, mainly in Brazil, aim to attend the portions of the population of low income families that use displacement on foot, by car or public transport. As a result, this study aimed to perform an analysis of levels of accessibility to hospitals such as "Santa Casa", considering mainly the population groups that most need the public health. The proposed method is based on an indicator (time) to measure accessibility to hospitals by different ways: on foot, by car and public transport, making use of geographic information systems. IBGE data were used to estimate the income levels of traffic areas. A survey with users from hospitals located in the cities of Rio Claro and São Carlos was performed to characterize the source and location of the travel. Using the data obtained in both case studies it was found that the population, in most cases, has used the car travel to hospitals. The accessibility by car was high, because even in distant neighborhoods, the travel time was at 15 minutes for both cities. In contrast, traveling on foot had low accessibility in relation to hospitals, mainly in the distant neighborhoods. The analysis done for public transport accessibility shows the minimum value of 30 minutes to Rio Claro and 35 minutes to São Carlos. Analyzing data from the 2000 Census, it is evident that the population with lower monthly household income is concentrated in the suburb areas of the cities. Thus, the distances done every day by the citizens compromise the access to different services available in the cities, as the travel time, or the lack of public transport routes, or lack of conditions of using public transport.
Detecção de contradições em um sistema de aprendizado sem fim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29)
Oliverio, Vinicius
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Hruschka Júnior, Estevam Rafael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2097340857065853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3905574883105499
NELL (Never Ending Language Learning) is a system that seeks to learn in an infinite way, extracting structured information from unstructured web pages using the semi-supervised learning paradigm as one of its basic principles. The Read the Web (RTW) project is the project where the NELL system is contained, actually it consists of 5 modules, all of them working independently where one of the modules is called Rule Learner (RL). The RL is responsible for inducing first order rules, which are used by the system to identify patterns in the knowledge generated by the other four components of the system. These rules are induced and then represented in a syntax that has Horn clauses as base. These rules can present contradictions, and in this context this paper proposes investigate, develop and implement methods to detect and solve these contradictions so that the system can learn in a more efficient way
Efeito do laser de baixa intensidade (830nm) associado ao exercício em ratos obesos exógenos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29)
Aquino Junior, Antonio Eduardo de
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Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8720193315570177
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that has endogenous and exogenous origin and this includes 95% of all cases. One of the treatments takes into account the negative energy balance, which is the relationship between decreasing consumption and increased caloric expenditure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic effects of low intensity laser associated the moderate exercise of swimming in obesity animals exogenous. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in eight groups (N=64). SC (sedentary chow-diet) SCL (sedentary chow-diet laser), EC (exercised chow-diet), ECL (exercised chow-diet laser), SH (sedentary high-fat diet), SHL (sedentary highfat diet laser), EH (exercised high-fat diet) and EHL (exercised high-fat diet laser). The exercise protocol followed parameters of Damaso, 1996. The irradiation parameters was 100mW, 60mW/cm2,and the Treatment time was 47s applied to both hind feet of the animals immediately after the exercise. Significant differences were found in groups with association between laser and exercise, in special the biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL) as well as modification of the adipocytes area by morphometric analysis. The advent of new possibilities in the treatment of obesity and associated diseases such as dyslipidemia is crucial upon the pattern of eating behavior that modern society is willing to use. The therapy show to be a possible additional tool in treatment of obesity.
Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica, físico-química e sensorial do caldo de cana-de-açúcar cultivada sob manejo orgânico e convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29)
Rocha, Gisele Franco
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Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9406641732492317
The composition of the sugar cane juice depends on several factors, since those related inherently to the raw material or involving climate and cultural conditions. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of the conventional and organic managements of the sugar cane over the microbiological, physico-chemical and sensorial quality of the juice aiming its utilization as a beverage along two sampling periods (successive crops). Microbiological analysis of total coliforms and E. coli, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts and Salmonella; physico-chemical as Pol, soluble solids, purity, pH, acidity, ash, reducing sugars, aminoacids, phenolic compounds, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium; and sensorial comparison by ordination (color and flavor) and preference tests of the juice samples were evaluated. The results of microbiological, physico-chemical and sensorial analysis did not show remarkable differences among the treatments regarding the sugar cane management, however, significant differences were observed for some parameters between the samples in successive years. The sugar cane management had no influence over the juice quality, verifying that the differences observed between the samples were probably due to the fact that the first sample (in August 2010) constitutes the first sugar cane harvest after the experiment was established (in April 2009). In the following harvest some parameters, as soluble solids, pol, purity, total reducing sugar, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, showed significant increase in the values, indicating greater sugar cane maturity, regardless the management. The organic sugar cane juice presented satisfactory conditions, with similar quality comparing to the juice from sugar cane under conventional management. This enables the safe commercialization of this product as a beverage besides its utilization as raw material for several organic products. This is an advantageous alternative for the use of sugar cane for smallholders.
Uso e seleção de hábitat de nidificação e identificação dos fatores de influência no sucesso dos ninhos de Elaenia chiriquensis (Aves: Tyrannidae) em área de Cerrado na Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, região central do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29)
Silva, Marina Telles Marques da
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2367210098426552
Nesting is a critical step on bird s life cycle, since nest predation is high all over the world. Predation influences the population dynamics, the community structure and the life history of birds. Birds evolved anti-predatory strategies, which include selection of safer places for nesting. Here we intent to: (i) analyze habitat characteristics selected by adults, and (ii) evaluate the influence of these elements on nests success, and fitness consequences to individuals. We studied the Lesser Elaenia (Elaenia chiriquensis), a migratory bird that breeds in Brazilian Savannas. We conducted the study between 2010 e 2011 in a 100 ha area in the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, a protected area in São Paulo state, were the Lesser Elaenia is abundant along its breeding season (September to December). We analyzed habitat selection comparing characteristics of used and available patches. We made all tests using chi-square tests, analysis of variance, paired t-tests and permutation tests. We used program MARK to evaluate the influence of all of the parameters on nests success. We created a set of models that included temporal and a set of environmental parameters and used Akaike s Information Criterion to evaluate the adjustment of each model to our data. Adults apparently selected anemochoric plants, with larger crowns and more lichen flakes on stalks, but did not show preference for specific plant species. Individuals also preferred patches with high plant density and high density of Aspidosperma tomentosum, the most used plant as nest substrate. Contrary of our expectations, none of these characteristics influenced nests success. However, some parameters not evaluated for selection, influenced the offspring survival. Vegetation density on nest sites was the most important variable, probably because it helps concealing nests and parental activities. Nest age and time along the breeding season were also important elements and both reduced nests success. Nest predation, habitat selection, and their consequences to the fitness are complex and are related to many variables. The present study contributed with the knowledge on this subject in tropical areas.
Síntese e investigações estruturais de arranjos supramoleculares formados por metaloporfirinas e metaloftalocianinas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29)
Melo, Cristiane Cabral de
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Moreira, Wania da Conceição
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3016270106775634
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8702045345660264
This thesis involves the syntheses and characterization of four heterotriads formed by metallotetraphenylporphyrins (CoTPP and NiTPP) and metallophthalocyanines (CoPc and NiPc) using pyrazine (pz) and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) as spacer ligands. The following sequences: NiPc(pz)CoTPP(pz)NiPc, NiTPP(pz)CoPc(pz)NiTPP, NiTPP(bpe)CoPc(bpe)NiTPP and CoTPP(bpe)CoPc(bpe)CoTPP were investigated. All triads were analyzed by infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and some of them were characterized by elemental analysis, termogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The infrared and electronic spectra of the triads showed characteristic absorption bands of the two macrocycles. The elemental data are in a good agreement with the proposed stoichiometry of these arrays. The triad NiTPP(pz)CoPc(pz)NiTPP had its stoichiometry confirmed via thermogravimetry and elemental analysis. Besides these results, this thesis also reports the crystal structure of a new pseudopolymorph of cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This non-stoichiometric solvate crystallized in the space group Pī with unit cell parameters distinct from the non-solvated CoTPP, which in general, like others metallotetraphenylporphyrins, tends to crystallize in the tetragonal space group I42d. The triclinic and tetragonal forms differ with respect to the conformation adopted by the macrocycle and also in the phenyl orientation. Crystal packing analysis of this pseudopolymorph revealed the presence of infinite channels along the a axis that are filled by dichloromethane solvent molecules, which represents therefore the first clathrate of CoTPP reported in the literature.
Entre diversidade e diferença: o programa de Ações Afirmativas da UFSCar e as vivências dos estudantes indígenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29)
Jodas, Juliana
;
Silvério, Valter Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4734938761507774
This search staring of educational policies for higher education for the indigenous population from the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, that, at least in law, obtained their rights guaranteed and their ethnic differences recognized. Since then two actions were created in this context: the course of Intercultural Degree and the Affirmative Action Program. The focus of this research is in the Affirmative Action policies for indians, understood as a set of measures of unequal access to basic goods such as education and employment for historically subordinate groups, and specially, the case of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos. This study analyzed the urgency context of Affirmative Action in Brazil and its deployment in the process of institutionalization of UFSCar, and particularly, how the indigenous students experience this recent experience. For this, this work includes a literature review and document analysis to characterize the Affirmative Action of UFSCar and understand how in its perspective, diversity or difference, the program has been constituted. We also interviews with indian students to understand their perception of the policy, their experiences, and in particular, will be discussed how their differences, subjectivities and/or identities are (or not) marked and recognized at this institutional space.
Pó de rocha como fonte de nutrientes no contexto da agroecologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29)
Brandão, Juliana Andréia Vrba
;
Assad, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379324550884468
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5794553970687605
The aim of the search was evaluate alternatives to accelerate the solubilization of minerals contained in rock powder. In the first experiment, presented in Chapter 2, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the fungus Aspergillus niger strain CCT4355 and vinasse in the solubilization of minerals contained in the basalt powder. The experiment in vitro consisted in the treatments: vinasse + A. niger (VF), rock powder + vinasse (PV) and rock powder + vinasse + A. niger (PVF). The basalt powder used had grains smaller than 0.053 mm. In PV the solubilization of calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc and copper was greater than PVF, demonstrating the potential of vinasse as solubilizing agent. It concludes that mixtures of vinasse and rock powder have significant potential for production of low cost biofertilizer. In the second experiment, presented in chapter 3, the objective was to evaluate the effect of A. niger in the release of nutrients from the powder of basalt and phonolite in vitro dissolution tests. The treatments were: powder of phonolite + medium (FM), powder of phonolite + medium + fungus (FMA), powder of basalt + medium (DM), powder of basalt + medium + fungus (DMA) and fungus + medium (MA). It was observed that A. niger was able to produce organic acids which solubilized the rock powders and interacted in different ways with the nutrients. It is concluded that the strain CCT4355 of A. niger has potential as a solubilizing agent of silicate rock powder. The chapter 4 presents the results obtained with mixtures of vermicompost and basalt powder, and the two objectives were: i) determine the availability of nutrients in bioproduct resulted of vermicompost, prepared with viii the addition of powder of basalt, and ii) evaluate the effect of rock powder, with and without vermicomposting, in short cycle culture, using Italian zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) as a indicator plant. The application of basalt powder in the vermicompost layers provided the pH raising of the product obtained at the end of 55 incubation days, but the vermicomposting was not able to provide nutrients presents in the basalt powder. The application of vermicompost, with and without addition of rock powder, had an effect statistically similar to conventional fertilization, confirming the importance of vermicomposting in production system with restricted access to industrialized products. It is concluded that vermicomposting did not increase the release of nutrients contained in the basalt powder when prepared and applied in a Italian zucchini. It is hoped that this research contributes to a better understanding of stonemeal as an alternative practice for soil fertilization.
Análise do sistema de produção e da sustentabilidade de propriedades familiares orgânicas no município de Rio Claro (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29)
Silva, Rafaela Aparecida da
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Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1686724434796582
The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the production systems and the economical, socio-political and environmental sustainability level of organic family farms in the municipality of Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. It is assumed that organic farming is considered environmentally sustainable insofar as, among other factors, organic fertilizers and not synthetic pesticides are used. It is considered economically sustainable when it is able to reproduce itself; and socio-politically sustainable when it seeks to change the attitudes and values of the people involved. Besides secondary data gathered about the municipality, the identification of the farmers was carried out through researches done at public institutions related to the rural area, contacts made with other researchers, meetings of the municipality Family Farmers Association and conversations with the farmers. A prior conversation was held with the farmers in order to identify the characteristics related to their profiles, which are better detailed with the semi-structured interview. The research involved seven farmers and, based on the interviews, 18 economical, 20 socio-political and 34 environmental sustainability indicators were established. The main aspects observed were the strict relationship with the X Company and the positive and negative impacts it caused, in addition to the heterogeneity existing among the family about different aspects; however, there are similarities between the problems they face, such as the distance from the public institutions, as well as shortage of labor force. Growing vegetables is the principal commercial activity of these families. As for the indicators, the farmers showed a great interest both in the economical aspects and in the approach to soil fertility and management. These elaborate indicators interact among themselves, making it possible to systematically evaluate and analyze the data. In general terms, the families do not show sustainable properties. Nevertheless, families A and C showed better results related to this ideal, in comparison with the others.