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Análise da rede de relacionamentos em sistemas locais de inovação : a experiência de Santa Rita do Sapucaí MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-27) Costa Júnior, Hélio Lemes; Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0142918820756470
This work focuses on the development and support of clusters of firms in a local productive arrangement, analyzing the relevance of innovation, the innovation system that companies form, along with educational institutions and support agencies, analyze business interactions between the firms and their interactions with the education institutions and support agencies, from the point of view of skilled labor employment, relations among the components of the system for training, knowledge acquisition and research and development. Beginning with the case study of the Valley of Electronics, technological pole located in Santa Rita do Sapucaí, a small town in Minas Gerais - Brazil, it was possible to conclude that, even with little commercial trade among the actors of the local productive arrangement, there is information exchange between educational institutions and businesses and there are subjective aspects that justify the continued development and maintenance of the pole for almost four decades.
"No galejo da remada": estudo etnográfico sobre a noção de aventura em Brotas, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-27) Bandeira, Marília Martins; Toledo, Luiz Henrique de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9148206536101330
To investigate the use and development of the idea of adventure in brasilian sports field was the main goal of this study. Due to the enormous variability of the contemporary experience of adventure, I tried to follow the developments of a local version from where doubts about its specificity emerged. I started, then, on how this notion was thought and rationalized and, at the same time, on its practice in the city of Brotas (São Paulo state), self entitled the Brazilian capital of adventure. The study of adventure in this ambiance, undeniably embodied, led me to put my own body to work for its understanding and to focus on rafting practice in Brotas, as the condition of possibility of this experiment. However, during the experimentation I realized adventure held the sporting component only as one of the possible elements of its exploring. While making the effort to put in words so many angles, objects in dispute, categories of accusation and self praising discourses that circumscribe the hues on the concept of adventure I ended on acknowledging that the main concerns of adventure in Brotas regard not only the amateur sport, but also the professionalization of tourism and, before it all, an environmental project. Through the problematization of these themes, "adventure as work" came up as an unpredicted matter but a core question to the ethnographic research. And I noted that it is compromised with a peculiar notion of nature and that it is produced in opposition to the concept of radicality. But that, even though the exaltation of nature produces the detachment of radicality, the last one is regained as the contemporary notion of adventure is created so that, and it then demands, a certain type of tourist and a specific kind of worker, the adventure conductor, whose practices are related not to the avoidance, but to the facing of certain risks, mingled with the notions of safety and technique.
Produção de celulases, purificação e caracterização bioquímico-cinética da ß-Glicosidase produzida por fungo isolado da região amazônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-27) Tonelotto, Mariana; Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2826049908534068
The selection of cellulase-producing fungi is one of the possible estrategies for obtaining necessary enzymes to hydrolyze the lignocellulosic material of plant biomass and thereby contribute to the viability of cellulosic ethanol production. The aim of this study was achive a screening of isolated fungi from the Amazon region to assess the production of enzymes related to plant biomass degradation, in order to select a line for production, purification and biochemical, kinetical and and structural biology characterizationof the ß-Galactosidase enzyme. Therefore, this work was undertaken in three stages, first of all it was performed a screening of 40 fungal strains isolated from the Amazon region through the cultivation in solid state fermentation (FES) at 35ºC for 240 hours, using as substrate wheat bran. It was evaluated the production of xylanase, endoglucanase, FPase, pectinase, ß-Glicosidase and total protein, and the fungi that stood out were: P6B2, the best producer of xylanase, P47C3 (Aspergillus niger), the best producer endoglucanase and ß-Glicosidase and P40B3, the best producer of FPase. These three fungi were selected for the second phase of this work for assessment in the production of xylanase, FPase, endoglucanase, ß-Glicosidase and total protein by submerged fermentation (FSm). The fermentation took place for 5 days at 30ºC and 200 rpm with a source of carbon: 1% of wheat bran washed and nutrient medium. The fungi P47C3, which was identified as Aspergillus niger, showed the best production of these enzymes, being selected for the third stage of this project. This last step involved the selection of an enzyme that has not been elucidated its structural biology. Given this fact, we carried out a study of selection of the medium, purification and biochemicalkinetical characterization of ß-Galactosidase. The Aspergillus niger (P47C3) was subjected to submerged for 5 days at 200 rpm at 30ºC. Purification occured in three steps using: ion exchange column SP-Sephadex C-50 and SP TSK-5PW column, and gelfiltration, with the resin Sephacryl S-200. The enzyme ß-Galactosidase showed a molecular weight of 125 kDa, being stable at pH 4,0, with anoptimum temperature of 55ºC. It was evaluated theKmap e Vmáxap of two substrates, PNPG and lactose, being: 2,204 mM-0,285 mM/min and 2,101 mM-0,75mM/min, respectively. The inhibition of hydrolasis of the substrate PNPG by ß-Galactosidase in the presence of galactose inhibitor product showed a Ki value of 5,01 mM. Finally, the ß-Galactosidase was subjected to crystallization conditions, the best conditions occurred in buffer 0,2M Tris- HCl, with the precipitation agent, 12% PEG 4000 at pH 8,6. Therefore, the unpublished protocol for purification of ß-Galactosidase was efficient and it is possible to crystallize this enzyme of isolated fungi from the Amazon region, which showed great potencial for the production of this enzyme and that the future can be used in industrial application and biotechnological innovations.