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Pó de rocha como fonte de nutrientes no contexto da agroecologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Brandão, Juliana Andréia Vrba; Assad, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379324550884468; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5794553970687605
The aim of the search was evaluate alternatives to accelerate the solubilization of minerals contained in rock powder. In the first experiment, presented in Chapter 2, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the fungus Aspergillus niger strain CCT4355 and vinasse in the solubilization of minerals contained in the basalt powder. The experiment in vitro consisted in the treatments: vinasse + A. niger (VF), rock powder + vinasse (PV) and rock powder + vinasse + A. niger (PVF). The basalt powder used had grains smaller than 0.053 mm. In PV the solubilization of calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc and copper was greater than PVF, demonstrating the potential of vinasse as solubilizing agent. It concludes that mixtures of vinasse and rock powder have significant potential for production of low cost biofertilizer. In the second experiment, presented in chapter 3, the objective was to evaluate the effect of A. niger in the release of nutrients from the powder of basalt and phonolite in vitro dissolution tests. The treatments were: powder of phonolite + medium (FM), powder of phonolite + medium + fungus (FMA), powder of basalt + medium (DM), powder of basalt + medium + fungus (DMA) and fungus + medium (MA). It was observed that A. niger was able to produce organic acids which solubilized the rock powders and interacted in different ways with the nutrients. It is concluded that the strain CCT4355 of A. niger has potential as a solubilizing agent of silicate rock powder. The chapter 4 presents the results obtained with mixtures of vermicompost and basalt powder, and the two objectives were: i) determine the availability of nutrients in bioproduct resulted of vermicompost, prepared with viii the addition of powder of basalt, and ii) evaluate the effect of rock powder, with and without vermicomposting, in short cycle culture, using Italian zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) as a indicator plant. The application of basalt powder in the vermicompost layers provided the pH raising of the product obtained at the end of 55 incubation days, but the vermicomposting was not able to provide nutrients presents in the basalt powder. The application of vermicompost, with and without addition of rock powder, had an effect statistically similar to conventional fertilization, confirming the importance of vermicomposting in production system with restricted access to industrialized products. It is concluded that vermicomposting did not increase the release of nutrients contained in the basalt powder when prepared and applied in a Italian zucchini. It is hoped that this research contributes to a better understanding of stonemeal as an alternative practice for soil fertilization.
Uso e seleção de hábitat de nidificação e identificação dos fatores de influência no sucesso dos ninhos de Elaenia chiriquensis (Aves: Tyrannidae) em área de Cerrado na Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, região central do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Silva, Marina Telles Marques da; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2367210098426552
Nesting is a critical step on bird s life cycle, since nest predation is high all over the world. Predation influences the population dynamics, the community structure and the life history of birds. Birds evolved anti-predatory strategies, which include selection of safer places for nesting. Here we intent to: (i) analyze habitat characteristics selected by adults, and (ii) evaluate the influence of these elements on nests success, and fitness consequences to individuals. We studied the Lesser Elaenia (Elaenia chiriquensis), a migratory bird that breeds in Brazilian Savannas. We conducted the study between 2010 e 2011 in a 100 ha area in the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, a protected area in São Paulo state, were the Lesser Elaenia is abundant along its breeding season (September to December). We analyzed habitat selection comparing characteristics of used and available patches. We made all tests using chi-square tests, analysis of variance, paired t-tests and permutation tests. We used program MARK to evaluate the influence of all of the parameters on nests success. We created a set of models that included temporal and a set of environmental parameters and used Akaike s Information Criterion to evaluate the adjustment of each model to our data. Adults apparently selected anemochoric plants, with larger crowns and more lichen flakes on stalks, but did not show preference for specific plant species. Individuals also preferred patches with high plant density and high density of Aspidosperma tomentosum, the most used plant as nest substrate. Contrary of our expectations, none of these characteristics influenced nests success. However, some parameters not evaluated for selection, influenced the offspring survival. Vegetation density on nest sites was the most important variable, probably because it helps concealing nests and parental activities. Nest age and time along the breeding season were also important elements and both reduced nests success. Nest predation, habitat selection, and their consequences to the fitness are complex and are related to many variables. The present study contributed with the knowledge on this subject in tropical areas.
Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica, físico-química e sensorial do caldo de cana-de-açúcar cultivada sob manejo orgânico e convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Rocha, Gisele Franco; Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9406641732492317
The composition of the sugar cane juice depends on several factors, since those related inherently to the raw material or involving climate and cultural conditions. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of the conventional and organic managements of the sugar cane over the microbiological, physico-chemical and sensorial quality of the juice aiming its utilization as a beverage along two sampling periods (successive crops). Microbiological analysis of total coliforms and E. coli, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts and Salmonella; physico-chemical as Pol, soluble solids, purity, pH, acidity, ash, reducing sugars, aminoacids, phenolic compounds, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium; and sensorial comparison by ordination (color and flavor) and preference tests of the juice samples were evaluated. The results of microbiological, physico-chemical and sensorial analysis did not show remarkable differences among the treatments regarding the sugar cane management, however, significant differences were observed for some parameters between the samples in successive years. The sugar cane management had no influence over the juice quality, verifying that the differences observed between the samples were probably due to the fact that the first sample (in August 2010) constitutes the first sugar cane harvest after the experiment was established (in April 2009). In the following harvest some parameters, as soluble solids, pol, purity, total reducing sugar, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, showed significant increase in the values, indicating greater sugar cane maturity, regardless the management. The organic sugar cane juice presented satisfactory conditions, with similar quality comparing to the juice from sugar cane under conventional management. This enables the safe commercialization of this product as a beverage besides its utilization as raw material for several organic products. This is an advantageous alternative for the use of sugar cane for smallholders.
Políticas públicas de economia solidária no município de São Carlos-SP, de 2001 a 2011
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Meireles, Eduardo; Silva, Ricardo Siloto da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1856762188427793
The solidarity economy is born in Brazil in the late 80's and early 90's historical struggles of social movements as well as municipal administrations initiatives against unemployment and poverty, compounded on the axis of the work to include persons historically excluded by the hegemony capitalist economic. It comes as an alternative income generation and economic and social inclusion. For this reason, and given the importance of this issue from the standpoint of economic and social, many municipalities have invested in developing initiatives to promote the solidarity economy, these initiatives vary according to locality and region and can range from simple actions public policies, since this work was. Objective: to present to the public policies that promote the social economy of São Carlos-SP, key actions and actors, as well as understand their construction and analyze the actual content of that policy, ie, programs, policies, structures and support to public enterprises solidarity economy. Method: case study, after the fact in a descriptive and explanatory, the strategy chosen when examining contemporary events, analyzes were made through documentation that has been the major source of evidence. Results: We identified in the municipality of San Carlos over the 10 years of activities related to social economy, a series of initiatives, these initiatives have occurred several actors for the purpose of promoting the solidarity economy, generating jobs and income and local development, these actors over the period channeled their actions to strengthen the theme in the city through meetings, forums and discussion spaces, yet they enable the institutionalization of this policy, which announced by the municipal government since 2001, included the solidarity economy in the public structure of municipal government , establishing a budget, as well as a legal and public spaces to establish partnerships marketing and development, which has made today the city is recognized for its activities and policies to promote the solidarity economy. Conclusion: it is necessary to further a series of actions in order to perpetuate, strengthen and expand the social economy initiatives in the city, given that they are still far from the desired character of transversality and announced by the municipal government, but what is fact is that initiatives to promote the solidarity economy are part of a program of government that has implemented policies of economic solidarity in the city in recent years, trying to generate work and income and local development, social inclusion and productive through the logic of solidarity and cooperation.
Análise do sistema de produção e da sustentabilidade de propriedades familiares orgânicas no município de Rio Claro (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Silva, Rafaela Aparecida da; Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1686724434796582
The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the production systems and the economical, socio-political and environmental sustainability level of organic family farms in the municipality of Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. It is assumed that organic farming is considered environmentally sustainable insofar as, among other factors, organic fertilizers and not synthetic pesticides are used. It is considered economically sustainable when it is able to reproduce itself; and socio-politically sustainable when it seeks to change the attitudes and values of the people involved. Besides secondary data gathered about the municipality, the identification of the farmers was carried out through researches done at public institutions related to the rural area, contacts made with other researchers, meetings of the municipality Family Farmers Association and conversations with the farmers. A prior conversation was held with the farmers in order to identify the characteristics related to their profiles, which are better detailed with the semi-structured interview. The research involved seven farmers and, based on the interviews, 18 economical, 20 socio-political and 34 environmental sustainability indicators were established. The main aspects observed were the strict relationship with the X Company and the positive and negative impacts it caused, in addition to the heterogeneity existing among the family about different aspects; however, there are similarities between the problems they face, such as the distance from the public institutions, as well as shortage of labor force. Growing vegetables is the principal commercial activity of these families. As for the indicators, the farmers showed a great interest both in the economical aspects and in the approach to soil fertility and management. These elaborate indicators interact among themselves, making it possible to systematically evaluate and analyze the data. In general terms, the families do not show sustainable properties. Nevertheless, families A and C showed better results related to this ideal, in comparison with the others.
Modelos e taxas de atração de viagens para PGVs - Hospitais públicos localizados em cidades de médio porte do interior do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Gontijo, Geisa Aparecida da Silva; Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714527302163378
This work aims to present trip attraction models and rates to public hospitals located in mediumsized cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo Brazil. The hospitals cause significant impacts in the local traffic and because of that they can be characterized as Potential Trip Generation Centers. In this sense, this research presents rates and models that allow us to analyze the possible impacts related to trips attracted by new hospitals. In the development of the proposed models and rates, it was performed a research in seven Santas Casas de Misericórdia hospitals in seven medium-sized cities: São Carlos, Marília, Sertãozinho, Rio Claro, Jaú, Mogi- Guaçú and Araras. The data of the first five cases were used in the development of the trip attraction models and rates, while the last two ones were used to validate the developed models. In these hospitals were performed traffic counting of pedestrians, private vehicles, buses, motorcycles and bicycles, and also interviews with the users. Through the developed analysis were elaborated models of simple regression, multiple regressions, simple regression by trip objective and mode of transport and multiple regressions with dummy variables. Some of the models developed were validated by data collected and thus they were considered more reliable to be used in Brazilian hospitals than models of the Institute of Transportation Engineers-ITE. To complement this study, it was performed a doctoral internship in Madrid, Spain in 2011 where specific models were developed with data from four public hospitals of that city. Through the application of the elaborate models and the models of ITE, it was found that the models developed for Madrid are also more suitable to estimate the travels to Spanish hospitals than the models of the ITE. Thus, this study found that for Brazilian cities, where the second mode of transportation is the bus, and for the Spanish city where the second mode of transportation is the subway, the ITE models, that consider only travels by car, may not be sufficient to estimate the travels.
Entre diversidade e diferença: o programa de Ações Afirmativas da UFSCar e as vivências dos estudantes indígenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Jodas, Juliana; Silvério, Valter Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4734938761507774
This search staring of educational policies for higher education for the indigenous population from the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, that, at least in law, obtained their rights guaranteed and their ethnic differences recognized. Since then two actions were created in this context: the course of Intercultural Degree and the Affirmative Action Program. The focus of this research is in the Affirmative Action policies for indians, understood as a set of measures of unequal access to basic goods such as education and employment for historically subordinate groups, and specially, the case of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos. This study analyzed the urgency context of Affirmative Action in Brazil and its deployment in the process of institutionalization of UFSCar, and particularly, how the indigenous students experience this recent experience. For this, this work includes a literature review and document analysis to characterize the Affirmative Action of UFSCar and understand how in its perspective, diversity or difference, the program has been constituted. We also interviews with indian students to understand their perception of the policy, their experiences, and in particular, will be discussed how their differences, subjectivities and/or identities are (or not) marked and recognized at this institutional space.
Síntese e investigações estruturais de arranjos supramoleculares formados por metaloporfirinas e metaloftalocianinas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Melo, Cristiane Cabral de; Moreira, Wania da Conceição; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3016270106775634; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8702045345660264
This thesis involves the syntheses and characterization of four heterotriads formed by metallotetraphenylporphyrins (CoTPP and NiTPP) and metallophthalocyanines (CoPc and NiPc) using pyrazine (pz) and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) as spacer ligands. The following sequences: NiPc(pz)CoTPP(pz)NiPc, NiTPP(pz)CoPc(pz)NiTPP, NiTPP(bpe)CoPc(bpe)NiTPP and CoTPP(bpe)CoPc(bpe)CoTPP were investigated. All triads were analyzed by infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and some of them were characterized by elemental analysis, termogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The infrared and electronic spectra of the triads showed characteristic absorption bands of the two macrocycles. The elemental data are in a good agreement with the proposed stoichiometry of these arrays. The triad NiTPP(pz)CoPc(pz)NiTPP had its stoichiometry confirmed via thermogravimetry and elemental analysis. Besides these results, this thesis also reports the crystal structure of a new pseudopolymorph of cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This non-stoichiometric solvate crystallized in the space group Pī with unit cell parameters distinct from the non-solvated CoTPP, which in general, like others metallotetraphenylporphyrins, tends to crystallize in the tetragonal space group I42d. The triclinic and tetragonal forms differ with respect to the conformation adopted by the macrocycle and also in the phenyl orientation. Crystal packing analysis of this pseudopolymorph revealed the presence of infinite channels along the a axis that are filled by dichloromethane solvent molecules, which represents therefore the first clathrate of CoTPP reported in the literature.
Expressão recombinante e caracterização de uma endoxilanase não descrita de Trichoderma harzianum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Generoso, Wesley Cardoso; Silva, Flávio Henrique da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0538013870555370
The use of alternative and renewable fuels is vital to solve the problems derived from the dependence of fuels, and the vegetal biomass is the only renewable source available in large scale that can be converted in energy. The bioethanol production has demonstrated a huge potential to minimize the environmental changes resultant from fossil fuels consumption. Nevertheless, the production costs of cellulolytic complexes lays out one of the major obstacle of the economical viability of the second generation ethanol. Therefore, the bioprospection and the understanding of enzymes involved in the process can improve the complexes productivity. Xylanases are enzymes used in several biotechnological processes, primordially for biopulping and biobleaching in papel industries. However, current surveys have investigated these enzymes due to an accessory role for bioethanol production. In this study, an endoxylanase (xyn3) gene from Trichoderma harzianum was cloned into Pichia pastoris. The constitutive vector pGAPZαA was used, changing the α-factor by the native signal peptide of the enzyme, and with a 6xHisTag at C-terminus. The recombinant protein were expressed in two majority forms, one with a molecular mass of 35 kDa (non-glycosylated) and the other with 60 kDa (glycosylated). Both forms showed xylanolytic activity in zymogram and were biochemically analyzed. The enzymes present optimal temperature of 40°C and pH 6.5, and stable activity until 30°C. The glycosylation plays important role in the enzymatic kinects of the recombinant enzyme, showing a catalytic efficiency twice higher of glycosylated form, in comparison with the activity of the non-glycosylated form. Even in this study, the effects of cellulose and xylan on the regulation of expression of the xyn2, xyn3 and egl3 genes were investigated to T. harzianum. All studied genes were overexpressed under all induction conditions and the results indicate a higher and earlier expression of these genes in fungus induction using a mixture of cellulose and xylan. Furthermore, an advance in the period of induction was observed while the fungus was cultivated with steam explosed bagasse supplemented with endoxylanase 3, when compared with the pure bagasse utilization. These findings enhance the vii understanding of enzymatic mode of action involved in deconstruction of plant cellular wall, whick can be used in the second generation ethanol production.
Detecção de contradições em um sistema de aprendizado sem fim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Oliverio, Vinicius; Hruschka Júnior, Estevam Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2097340857065853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3905574883105499
NELL (Never Ending Language Learning) is a system that seeks to learn in an infinite way, extracting structured information from unstructured web pages using the semi-supervised learning paradigm as one of its basic principles. The Read the Web (RTW) project is the project where the NELL system is contained, actually it consists of 5 modules, all of them working independently where one of the modules is called Rule Learner (RL). The RL is responsible for inducing first order rules, which are used by the system to identify patterns in the knowledge generated by the other four components of the system. These rules are induced and then represented in a syntax that has Horn clauses as base. These rules can present contradictions, and in this context this paper proposes investigate, develop and implement methods to detect and solve these contradictions so that the system can learn in a more efficient way
Efeito do laser de baixa intensidade (830nm) associado ao exercício em ratos obesos exógenos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-29) Aquino Junior, Antonio Eduardo de; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8720193315570177
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that has endogenous and exogenous origin and this includes 95% of all cases. One of the treatments takes into account the negative energy balance, which is the relationship between decreasing consumption and increased caloric expenditure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic effects of low intensity laser associated the moderate exercise of swimming in obesity animals exogenous. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in eight groups (N=64). SC (sedentary chow-diet) SCL (sedentary chow-diet laser), EC (exercised chow-diet), ECL (exercised chow-diet laser), SH (sedentary high-fat diet), SHL (sedentary highfat diet laser), EH (exercised high-fat diet) and EHL (exercised high-fat diet laser). The exercise protocol followed parameters of Damaso, 1996. The irradiation parameters was 100mW, 60mW/cm2,and the Treatment time was 47s applied to both hind feet of the animals immediately after the exercise. Significant differences were found in groups with association between laser and exercise, in special the biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL) as well as modification of the adipocytes area by morphometric analysis. The advent of new possibilities in the treatment of obesity and associated diseases such as dyslipidemia is crucial upon the pattern of eating behavior that modern society is willing to use. The therapy show to be a possible additional tool in treatment of obesity.