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Impactos do setor de biocombustíveis: aspectos socioeconômicos e da expansão territorial urbana no município de Lins, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-06) Montanha, Enaldo Pires; Röhm, Sergio Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
This study represents a theoretical and empirical research on the possible interferences of the productive sector of biofuels on the towns and small producers on the surrounding area of operation of the industries. Objective: analyze the socioeconomic dynamics and form of expansion of urban land in the city of Lins, in the period 2000 to 2010, correlated with the growth of the biofuels sector in its surroundings. Method: survey data on the region of Lins and 13 municipalities in the Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural de Lins (EDR-Lins), during the ten years delimited. Preparation of use and expansion of land by georreferenced mapping built with the assistance of imagens originated by Landsat 5 sensor TM, bands 3, 4 e 5, scene 221/75, collected between 2000 and 2010, provided by the Image Catalog belonging to Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), confronted with images produced by SPRING 5.1.18 (property of INPE) and SIG CTGEO (property of Centro de Tecnologia em Geoprocessamento CTGEO) software. Statistical correlation of regional development indicators taken from the Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM) and production of raw material extracted from the data of the Instituto Econômico Agrícola de São Paulo (IEA) of the EDR-Lins. Results: Contrary to expectation, the results failed to indicate a significant correlation between the implementation and performance of biofuel and/or biodiesel factories and municipal development, whether in relation to territorial expansion, whether in relation to socioeconomic variability. Wages paid to workers in the sugarcane sector, day laborer and monthly employee, and administrators were about 280% to 300% below the increase in production, which shows a possible concentration of income in executive and owners of power plants. In the delimited period, while there was an increase of 130% of the production of cane sugar, there was an increase of only 20% of the IFDM. When considering the specific indicators of the evolution of the population with the specific indicators of the evolution of production of cane sugar has obtained a moderate correlation, but that can t be attributed solely to the expansion of biofuel in the region. Conclusion: growth of the biofuels sector in the municipality of Lins did not produce whole supposed positive effects expected on the pattern and organization of the life of the resident population; neither added a significant improvement in municipal rates of the cities that integrate the EDR-Lins, such as income and population employed. Overall, the results show that the Law 11.097/2005 hasn t achieved one of its main goals, which is the promotion of quality of life of small producers dedicated to the cultivation of oil plants.
Clonagem e estudos de expressão de enzimas do fungo filamentoso Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844 envolvidas na degradação de biomassa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-06) Malagó Junior, Wilson; Silva, Flávio Henrique da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2138911304735498
The plant biomass is a large-scale available resource and one of its more important applications is the second-generation ethanol production. However, the enzyme cost is one of the biggest barriers for economically viable ethanol from biomass. Therefore, it is important to identify fungal strains that can produce high concentrations of plant biomass-degrading enzymes. The aim of this work was to clone, study the gene expression and characterize the plant biomass-degrading transcript set of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844. A total of 1,543 highquality reads from the Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844 cellulose induced cDNA library were organized into 1,002 transcripts representing 167 contigs and 835 singlets. Of these 1,002 transcripts 646 had unknown functions and 356 showed associated functions. Among the transcripts with associated functions, we found 20 transcripts related to plant biomass deconstruction. The real time PCR analysis of Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844 mycelia grown for 36 and 60 hours in cellulose, revealed that the levels of the following mRNAs were induced by at least 2,000-fold when compared to uninduced mycelia: cbh1, cbh2, egl1, egl2, egl3, egl7 and swo1. In some cases, the values were higher than 100,000-fold. Among the transcripts analyzed by real time PCR, cbh1, cbh2 and egl7 exhibited the highest expression levels. The Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844 exhibited a repertoire with high expression of plant biomassdegrading transcripts. The enzymes EGIII and Xyn2 were recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris, showing good quality purification and good enzymatic activity. The heterologous expression assays made possible future studies aiming at the industrial application of the enzymes. Therefore, this strain showed potencial to produce biomassdegrading enzymes for second-generation ethanol production and to be a source of enzymes for the paper industry