Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2012-07-06"

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Impactos do setor de biocombustíveis: aspectos socioeconômicos e da expansão territorial urbana no município de Lins, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-06)
Montanha, Enaldo Pires
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Röhm, Sergio Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
This study represents a theoretical and empirical research on the possible interferences of the productive sector of biofuels on the towns and small producers on the surrounding area of operation of the industries. Objective: analyze the socioeconomic dynamics and form of expansion of urban land in the city of Lins, in the period 2000 to 2010, correlated with the growth of the biofuels sector in its surroundings. Method: survey data on the region of Lins and 13 municipalities in the Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural de Lins (EDR-Lins), during the ten years delimited. Preparation of use and expansion of land by georreferenced mapping built with the assistance of imagens originated by Landsat 5 sensor TM, bands 3, 4 e 5, scene 221/75, collected between 2000 and 2010, provided by the Image Catalog belonging to Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), confronted with images produced by SPRING 5.1.18 (property of INPE) and SIG CTGEO (property of Centro de Tecnologia em Geoprocessamento CTGEO) software. Statistical correlation of regional development indicators taken from the Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM) and production of raw material extracted from the data of the Instituto Econômico Agrícola de São Paulo (IEA) of the EDR-Lins. Results: Contrary to expectation, the results failed to indicate a significant correlation between the implementation and performance of biofuel and/or biodiesel factories and municipal development, whether in relation to territorial expansion, whether in relation to socioeconomic variability. Wages paid to workers in the sugarcane sector, day laborer and monthly employee, and administrators were about 280% to 300% below the increase in production, which shows a possible concentration of income in executive and owners of power plants. In the delimited period, while there was an increase of 130% of the production of cane sugar, there was an increase of only 20% of the IFDM. When considering the specific indicators of the evolution of the population with the specific indicators of the evolution of production of cane sugar has obtained a moderate correlation, but that can t be attributed solely to the expansion of biofuel in the region. Conclusion: growth of the biofuels sector in the municipality of Lins did not produce whole supposed positive effects expected on the pattern and organization of the life of the resident population; neither added a significant improvement in municipal rates of the cities that integrate the EDR-Lins, such as income and population employed. Overall, the results show that the Law 11.097/2005 hasn t achieved one of its main goals, which is the promotion of quality of life of small producers dedicated to the cultivation of oil plants.
Clonagem e estudos de expressão de enzimas do fungo filamentoso Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844 envolvidas na degradação de biomassa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-06)
Malagó Junior, Wilson
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Silva, Flávio Henrique da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2138911304735498
The plant biomass is a large-scale available resource and one of its more important applications is the second-generation ethanol production. However, the enzyme cost is one of the biggest barriers for economically viable ethanol from biomass. Therefore, it is important to identify fungal strains that can produce high concentrations of plant biomass-degrading enzymes. The aim of this work was to clone, study the gene expression and characterize the plant biomass-degrading transcript set of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844. A total of 1,543 highquality reads from the Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844 cellulose induced cDNA library were organized into 1,002 transcripts representing 167 contigs and 835 singlets. Of these 1,002 transcripts 646 had unknown functions and 356 showed associated functions. Among the transcripts with associated functions, we found 20 transcripts related to plant biomass deconstruction. The real time PCR analysis of Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844 mycelia grown for 36 and 60 hours in cellulose, revealed that the levels of the following mRNAs were induced by at least 2,000-fold when compared to uninduced mycelia: cbh1, cbh2, egl1, egl2, egl3, egl7 and swo1. In some cases, the values were higher than 100,000-fold. Among the transcripts analyzed by real time PCR, cbh1, cbh2 and egl7 exhibited the highest expression levels. The Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844 exhibited a repertoire with high expression of plant biomassdegrading transcripts. The enzymes EGIII and Xyn2 were recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris, showing good quality purification and good enzymatic activity. The heterologous expression assays made possible future studies aiming at the industrial application of the enzymes. Therefore, this strain showed potencial to produce biomassdegrading enzymes for second-generation ethanol production and to be a source of enzymes for the paper industry
Ondas gravitacionais e o espectro de anisotropia tensorial na presença de neutrinos cosmológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-10)
Santos, Jonas Floriano Gomes dos
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Bernardini, Alex Eduardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5215976260958847
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6434556140595081
In this work we have studied the evolution of primordial gravitational waves coupled to anisotropic stress tensor of cosmological neutrinos. As in a radiation dominated universe, in a universe dominated by radiation and matter the neutrinos can work as an effective dispersive medium for the gravitational waves, besides introduce small modifications over the tensor contribution to the cosmological microwave background anisotropy. Our results are obtained in a radiation-matter transition scenario (RMD), so that we contemplate modes that cross the horizon in the radiation era and matter era. Using the evolution variable kη, it was possible to write our solutions independent from the frequency of the wave. Our results ratify that CT l die out after l ∼ 100 with small modifications on the quadrupole term, CT 2 , due to the coupling to neutrinos and the inclusion of collision terms into the dynamical equations.
Busca por novos metalofármacos contra doenças negligenciadas (malária, doença de chagas e leishmaniose)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-13)
Barbosa, Marília Imaculada Frazão
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4629917779644809
Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and malaria are neglected parasitic diseases responsible for high mortality in tropical low-income countries. Due to the lack of vaccines and of safe, effective and affordable treatments, there is an urgent need to reinforce the existing therapeutic arsenal against these diseases. Many potential drugs have been investigated for these diseases, including ruthenium complexes. Ruthenium complexes are very appreciated in medicinal chemistry due to the tendency to be selective to bind biomolecules, which partly accounts for the low toxicity. Thus, in this work were synthesized and characterized ruthenium complexes with ligands that have antiparasitic activity recognized as lapachol and chloroquine diphosphate, bioactive ligands such as nitric oxide and amino acids. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis techniques, absorption spectroscopy ultraviolet visible, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance 31P {1H}, 13C, 1H and COSY, paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.The complexes showed promising results against diseases evaluated (malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and tuberculosis) showing that coordination leads to the synthesis of complexes most active against the parasites and less toxicity in healthy cells.
Avaliação de impactos da cadeia produtiva em aeroportos: o caso de Congonhas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-13)
Silva, Paulo Diego D' Ovídio
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Lollo, José Augusto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8987677644041247
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4032993674874756
Over time, the business grossed airport beyond its traditional functions, such as transporting passengers and cargo, commercial functions, with the inclusion of shopping malls, cinemas, food courts, among others. Thus, several developments aids such as logistics companies, car rental, travel agencies and even residential neighborhoods, occupied in a disordered manner the airport surroundings, causing adverse impacts to their neighborhood. Aiming to remedy this and other undesirable consequences of development at any cost, which prevailed in recent decades, there was Law Project 181/89, which led the Estatuto da Cidade. Sanctioned in 2001, the Estatuto represented a major breakthrough with regard to planning and urban development, bringing an instrument to help assess environmental impacts at local level: the Impact of Neighborhood, which is designed the housing projects, institutional or commercial for which there is no requirement for the studies. This paper proposes a methodological framework for prediction, assessment and evaluation of impacts due to construction and operation of enterprises that make up the production chain airport, considering the neighborhood impacts arising from the implementation and operation of the Airport of Sao Paulo-Congonhas, which do not considered in environmental impact studies. At first, a literature review was conducted to understand the specifics of the study area, passing by the physicals, socials and economics attributes. This process was followed by field work, where photographic records were made, the identification of the production chain linked to the airport and the main impacts that it causes the local neighborhood. Then the collected data were used to compose cartographic representations, showing areas of occurrence for each impact raised, and the participation of each sector that makes up the production chain in the generation of such impacts. 8 After performing the above-mentioned procedures, it was concluded that the most significant impacts to the neighborhood were vehicles parked on uneven areas (such as sidewalks, vacant properties and on traffic routes) and the generation of noise, from the production structure, the mass circulation of vehicles and the airport itself. Among the groups of enterprises studied, it was observed that companies facing the logistics industry (cargo) and the airlines appear as the most striking, being the main generators of both the impacts described above, giving worse quality of life of local people.
O papel da educação ambiental popular e da agroecologia na escola rural: estudando e aprimorando a formação socioambiental de professores(as)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-16)
Magri, Geisy Graziela
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Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9094263902680455
The field of environmental education is expanding and developing research focused on work with (the) teachers (the) students have a high profile over the years, emphasizing the importance of knowing (as) professionals involved in environmental education activities , their daily lives, their needs and difficulties. This study aims to analyze and understand the perceptions, values and environmental practices in the school environment through research critical of their effectiveness and trainer, through different stages of development, acting effectively and in forming and strengthening implementation of agroecology in daily life of rural schools and the adequacy of disciplinary curricula. The activities in this study were developed in a rural school, by performing a diagnosis, environmental education, which sought to investigate the perceptions and environmental practices developed; worked in construction, development and evaluation of a continuing education in environmental education and agroecology, developed in the unit HTPC in school schedules, coordinated the construction of an educational booklet with texts and methodologies of environmental education indicated by (the) teachers participating; encouraged and analyzed the development of environmental projects and presentation of the same Seminar on educational projects and environmental education rural schools - UFSCar. Through this study we can conclude that the effectiveness of the development of environmental education in the school environment depends on the formation of (the) teachers (as) active and transformations of concepts and teaching practices developed that seek to integrate educational practices, the reality Environmental and social and environmental training of students (as) and teachers (as). And from these activities can be transformative integrate agroecological knowledge with course content developed curricula learning, trying to teach (the) students (as) to rural work sustainably, recognizing the social, economic and cultural environment rural.
Avaliação das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e perceptivas durante o teste de caminhada com velocidade controlada. Estudo de reprodutibilidade, confiabilidade e validade na população de mulheres obesas adultas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-18)
Jurgensen, Soraia Pilon
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Silva, Audrey Borghi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7009295438910018
Expressão de miostatina e folistatina em ratos castrados submetidos a exercício
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-19)
Marine, Diego Adorna
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Leal, Ângela Merice de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202663545989206
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2675179641148838
Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, while androgens are strong positive regulators of muscle growth and strength. Follistatin (FS) is a nonrelated protein which inhibits MSTN action. The mechanisms of androgens actions are not fully elucidated and evidences suggest that MSTN and testosterone muscle actions may be associated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of exercise training in the expression of MSTN and FS of orquidectomized rats submitted to exercise. Adult male Wistar rats were housed under controlled conditions (20-220 C, 12h light-dark cycle) and were allowed free access to standard rodent chow. After 3 days of acclimation, rats were orchidectomized (O) or shamoperated (S). One group of animals was maintained intact (I). After 1 week, animals were randomly assigned to a training group (O-Train, S-Train and I-Train) or a sedentary group (O-Sed, S-Sed and I-Sed). An 8-week resistance-training period, during which the animals climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails, was realized. The sessions were performed three times a week, with 4-9 climbs and 8-12 dynamic movements per climb, that were increased the wheight for each climb, and new maximum weight was obtained for new session.The training lasted eight weeks. After this period, rats were decapitated. White gastrocnemius muscle were dissected, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -700 C for subsequent analysis. MSTN and FS mRNA was quantified by real time RT-PCR. The animals were maintained according to the local University Committee guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. MSTN mRNA expression was significantly higher in gastrocnemius muscle of O-Sed group than in I-Sed group. FS mRNA expression was significantly lower in S-Train and O-Train groups than in I-Sed and I-Train groups. The results indicate that MSTN expression increases in skeletal muscle of orchidectomized rats and is not influenced by resistance training. FS mRNA can to be influenced for resistance training and other hormones or proteins.
Síntese de nanopartículas semicondutoras de seleneto de zinco (ZnSe) aquoso e análise dos subprodutos decorrentes dessa síntese
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-20)
Pinto, Alexandre Henrique
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1822508562692028
Zinc selenide (ZnSe) is a semiconductor material, which band gap is about 2.7 eV. It has many applications as blue light emission diode, data storage devices, laser diodes and waveguides optical fibers. Despite these several applications, ZnSe, generally, is synthesized in organic solvents, such as: trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), hexadecylamine (HDA) or octadecene (ODE). These synthetic methods are carried out at high temperatures, about 250oC. Moreover, being synthesized in organic media makes these nanoparticles unable to be dispersed in aqueous systems, and consequently, they are unable to be applied in biological media, unless some post preparative procedure is applied. In view those shortcomings, in this work, ZnSe was synthesized in aqueous media, having ZnCl2 as zinc source, NaHSe, as selenium source, which was synthesized from reduction of elemental selenium by sodium borohydride (NaBH4), and L-cisteine as capping agent. Initially, a 22 factorial design was applied. Temperature and pH were the factors studied in this factorial design, aiming to determine the influence of these factors on crystallographic coherence dominium calculated through Scherrer equation. Despite synthesis in aqueous media applies lower temperatures (90 oC), it has some disadvantages, for instance, the generation of some byproducts. Among these byproducts are: trigonal or amorphous elemental selenium and L-cistine, however, sometimes, these compounds can not be tracked through x-ray diffraction (XRD), since they are either amorphous or are below the detection limit of this technique. In this sense, Raman spectroscopy plays an important role in this work, since it is able to track these byproducts in a range of some months. Finally, a simple decantation process was carried out in order to separate these byproducts in different aliquots.
Estudo das propriedades fotoluminescentes do ZnS e ZnS: Eu obtidos pelo método solvotérmico assistido por microondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-20)
Ferrer, Mateus Meneghetti
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6355560471517685
This paper is about the synthesis, characterization and studies of nanostructures of ZnS and ZnS:Eu3+ prepared by microwave-assisted solvothermal method. The influence of the synthesis time in the microwave on the samples of ZnS was investigated in order to have the most proper sample for doping. Therefore, different concentrations of Europium (dopante) were added to the chosen sample. The characterizations of the samples was made by X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The method used to the synthesis of ZnS is very efficient because it synthesizes the nanocrystals in shor time and in a low temperature. The study of the X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy showed structural changes in the samples due to the low processing time and the percentage of europium added to the system. The results indicated an increase of the organization with the increase of the time of synthesis. and a disorganization when the europium is added. These structural differences were responsible for the modifications of the photoluminescence profile of the materials due to the different intermediate states. More specifically, in the synthesis of pure ZnS, the organization of the structure with the increase of the time of synthesis was responsible for a photoluminescence band with a higher contribution of the blue region. However, the disorganization due to the addition of Eu3+ resulted in a photoluminescence band with a higher contribution in the orange region.
Desenvolvimento de imunossensores piezelétrico e eletroquímico para detecção de amostras de interesse agronômico e de saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-23)
Afonso, André Santiago
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0101777160876872
This work shows development of immunosensors for agronomic interest and public heath. The first was a piezoeletric immunosensor to detect a cysteine peptidase, a potencial biomarker for Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri that cause a citrus Canker. Another was electrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles as a label and magnetic beads as capture phase of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Typhimurium LT2 (S). The piezoelectric immunoassay was based on immobilization of polyclonal antibody against CPXaC (anti-CPXaC), produced in rabbit, onto three different monolayers that modified gold quartz crystal, which were evaluated by monitoring frequency and energy dissipation in real time when 64.5×10-8 mol L-1 of CPXaC was added. The better relation between analytical response and energy dissipation was obtained with immobilization onto 11- mercaptoundecanoic acid which presented a detection limit of 13.0 nmol L-1 as well as good values for the kinetic and equilibrium binding constant. The immunosensor showed good specificity with no response for different proteins include another cysteine peptidase that is used as a target for detects Xylella fastidiosa bacterium responsible for other important disease in citrus. For detection of Salmonella using a magneto-immunoassay and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as label was developed based on the use of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) that incorporates a permanent magnet underneath. Salmonella spiked in milk samples (i.e. skimmed milk) have been tested by using anti-Salmonella magnetic beads (MBs-SAb) as capture phase and sandwiching afterwards with AuNPs modified antibodies (SAb-AuNPs). AuNPs detection using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) following a previous established procedure is performed. And a detection limit of 143 CFU mL-1 and a linear range of from 103 to 106 CFU mL-1 of Salmonella, with a coefficient of variation of about 2.4%, was obtained. Recoveries of the sensor by spiking skimmed milk with different quantities of Salmonella of about 83 and 94 % for xviii 1.5 x 103 and 1.5 x 105 CFU mL-1 were obtained, respectively. This work demonstrated the possibility to detect CPXaC with a piezoelectric immunosensor as well as electrochemical immunosensor to detect Salmonella spiked in milk samples.
O revestimento refratário e seu efeito na vida útil e no consumo energético de calcinadores de alumina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-25)
Teider, Bruno Henrique
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0712197869045551
The increased need of reducing production costs of commodities raised the importance of reaching higher levels of process efficiency and also the consolidation of financial gains due to larger-scale production capacities. In this scenario, the control and reduction of energy consumption is considered one of the most critical issues due to its impact on the companies economical, environmental and social businesses sustainability. In the primary alumina industry, it is estimated that the calcination process still demands 30% in excess of energy to operate, although there have been major improvements in the current calciners when compared to the former versions disseminated in the 70 s. In parallel, although the production capacity increased significantly, diluting the overall production costs, they also raised the importance of maintaining their operational availabilities at the maximum level to attain the financial viability of the processes. Currently, daily losses are estimated to be close to 1 million dollars per each nonproductive day of a large-capacity calciner. Despite this critical aspect, it is not rare to find literature reports indicating refractory failure as one of the main causes of unexpected production halts, which highlights the need of high performance linings as a pre-requisite for longer campaigns and lower levels of energy consumption. This project evaluated one of these refractory failure detected in three new large-capacity calciners. The root-cause of the refractory s short life was identified and afterwards a novel more suitable material was selected increasing twofold the operational campaign time, which resulted in additional potential revenue of 60 million dollars per year. In order to complement the study, the overall reduction of energy consumption was quantified for different high performance insulating materials. This project was concluded with an economical viability study for the implementation of this novel insulating lining concept for those three calciners.
Fornos para fusão e espera para indústria de alumínio : caracterização de materiais refratários e conservação de energia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-26)
Novo, Marcela Munhoz Monteiro
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0705464450293982
The industrial need to reduce energy consumption is part of a continuous evolution towards higher levels of sustainability and competitiveness. Considering these aspects, the search for alternatives to improve the performance of melting and holding furnaces in the aluminum industry is directly dependent on the refractory materials ability to keep heat and withstand the mechanical, chemical and thermal degradation processes. Therefore, five dense high-alumina commercial refractories were characterized according to their thermo-mechanical properties, physical features and aluminum corrosion resistance. The results pointed out that choosing the most suitable composition requires the evaluation of the chemical aspects and thermal shock resistance. Moreover, the understanding of high emissivity coatings applications was also focused in order to develop an alternative which could increase heat savings. Thus, two methods were developed to analyze the coating efficiency: a) the temperature measurement of painted specimens fired at different temperatures in a furnace; and b) the heating curve profile of a ceramic sample during firing in a furnace lined with refractories previously coated with high emissivity paint. Three commercial products were characterized and both evaluation methods showed that the high emissivity coating affected the sample heating, although a reduction in its efficiency was observed during the testing cycles. Furthermore, in order to attest the effectiveness in industrial practices, a high emissivity coating was applied on the refractory walls of a melting aluminum transport crucible. The results showed that the combined analysis involving the correct selection of refractories and application of high emissivity coatings can open new paths toward cost reduction and industrial sustainability.
Áreas marginais a corpos hídricos urbanos: delimitação e zoneamento ambiental. Área piloto: bacia do córrego Santa Maria Madalena em São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-26)
Felicio, Bruna da Cunha
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
This research seeks to meet the demand for information assisting public administrators in making decisions about urban development. Along these lines, this case study on Santa Madalena Stream watershed (SMSW), São Carlos, Brazil, aims to supplement Federal Law No. 12,651, of May 25, 2012, which establishes permanent protection areas (PPAs) adjacent to water bodies. To this end, it considers local specificities and provides a tool for protecting watersheds and improving the quality of life of surrounding populations. The main objective of this study is to develop and propose criteria and guidelines for the protection of urban watersheds through an environmental zoning (ZA) process conducive to establishing land occupancy modes and priorities as well as drawing up legal regulations on a local scope. This study indicates that the aforementioned law should take into account local demands and specificities while abiding by its fundamental principles. The procedure presented herein may ultimately contribute to public administrators‟ strategic planning for land use and occupancy and supplementing Federal Law no. 12,651 in order to promote environmental protection and urban development consistent with preserving PPAs. In carrying out this study, the researchers aimed to contribute to public administrations‟ urban planning and environmental management. In this manner, it provides a basis for establishing priority areas for environmental protection and improving public policies on this subject
Determinação voltamétrica de fibratos em formulações farmacêuticas utilizando eletrodos de carbono vítreo modificados com nanotubos de carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-27)
Quintero, Jorge Armando Ardila
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2093399167811012
In this work voltammetric methods were developed from gemfibrozil (GEM) and bezafibrate (BZF) determination in pharmaceutical formulations for using modified glassy carbon electrode with dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate containing carbon nanotubes treated chemically. Firstly was studied the voltammetric behavior of GEM in 0.1 mol L 1 (pH 2.0) phosphate buffer solution, was observed an irreversible oxidation peak in 1.31 V. Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry was selected for GEM quantification in pharmaceuticals formulations, with the following parameters: adsorption time of 300 s, frequency of 40 Hz, a pulse amplitude of 45 mV and scan increment of 4 mV. The analytical curve was linear over the concentration range of 7.5 × 10−8 a 1.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 of GEM, represented by following ΔI (μA) = 0,086 + 1,05 × 107 [GEM] (mol L 1), correlation coefficient of 0.997 and detection limit of 5.3 × 10−8 mol L−1. The procedure developed was successfully applied to determine GEM in commercial pharmaceutical samples and the results were compared with the reference method, described in British pharmacopoeia. There was no significant difference (5 %) between the results obtained at a confidence level of 95%. The BZF determination was carried in 0.1 mol L 1 (pH 2.0) phosphate buffer solution and an irreversible peak in 1.09 V was observed. Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry technique was selected for BZF determination with the following parameters: adsorption time of 180 s, frequency of 20 Hz, pulse amplitude of 40 mV and scan increment of 7 mV. The proposed method presented a linear interval between 5.0 × 10−8 a 9.1 × 10−7 mol L−1 and detection limited of 1.6 × 10−8 mol L−1. The BZF was quantified in commercials samples and the results were compared with de spectrophotometric method, with errors between 2.9 e 0.5 %. Finally for each analyte were calculated the number of electrons involved in the oxidation reaction and was proposed a possible mechanism for the oxidation reaction of these drugs, because there are no reports in the literature.
Estudo do comportamento termomecânico e análise da formação de orientações preferenciais de aços com 6,5% Si conformados por spray
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-29)
Bonon, Felipe Rehder
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Jorge Júnior, Alberto Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360362248108490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2825402118400386
Termomechanical behavior of spray formed 6.5% Si-Carbon steels were analyzed by physical simulation, through torsion tests, and the evolution of preferential orientation were analyzed in order to electrical devices. Low carbon steel was used in spray forming, and the parameters were changed in order to minimize porosity. The carbon content in Specimens influence in hot mechanical behavior were analyzed in torsion tests in only one pass until fracture, in warm temperatures ranging from 700 °C to 930 °C in a specific strain rate of 1s-1. Microstructure evolution was analyzed in SEM (scanning electron microscope) and the texture through EDSD (electron backscatter diffraction). Results shows that alloy ductility are improved with the carbon contents and process used, temperature and strain rate, and in some processes conditions preferential orientation necessary in electrical devices is obtained.
Concretos refratários contendo agregados eutéticos eletrofundidos: energia de fratura e a resistência ao dano por choque térmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-30)
Miyaji, Dan Yushin
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Rodrigues, José de Anchieta
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4000441989868775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4150977564959773
The use of fused alumina-zirconia and mullite-zirconia eutectic aggregates can be an interesting choice to toughening high alumina castables, in order to produce good thermal shock damage resistant material. As a remarkable characteristic, the applying of such aggregates results in high fracture energy values, as a consequence of complex crack propagation process through the eutectic microstructure. However, the understanding of the relation between fracture energy and thermal shock damage requires special care, eventhough such relation is prospected by very know mathematical models. This is because the correct choice of sample dimentions showed to be very important to find relations between Hasselman s R -parameter and the experimental resistance to thermal shock The general results have indicated that the materials of the highest fracture energy values presented the highest thermal shock damage resistance. It was also verified that a high amount of aggregates in the castables did not produce reiforced microstructures, but more flexible materials, in a sense that the material s tolerance to crack opening had increased. This result is considered important because it shows that aggegates may play other roles besides the conventionaly known ones.
Um procedimento para investigar aprendizagem discriminativa e formação de classes funcionais em cães (Canis familiaris)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-30)
Montagnoli, Tathianna Amorim Souza
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3348580978835319
The investigation of symbolic or pre-symbolic behavior in dogs requires the establishment of arbitrary relations among stimuli. A way to teach such relations is requiring a common response in the presence of each one of them, which can result in a class of functionally equivalent stimuli. This study aimed to investigate the formation of functional classes with four dogs. For this purpose it was used an automated device for emission and recording of operant responses and for the presentation of visual stimuli. The operant response was to nose poke a stimuli which were presented in a touch-screen monitor. Three sets of two stimuli (A1/A2; B1/B2; C1/C2) were used for three dogs and two sets of two stimuli (C1/C2; E1/E2) were used for the other dog. In each set, one stimulus was related to reinforcement (S+) and the other to extinction (S-), regarding tasks of simultaneous simple discrimination. Five experimental phases were programmed for three dogs: I) Training and reversals of pair A stimuli; II) Training and reversals of pair B; III) Training and reversions of AB being presented in the same session with functional class formation probes; IV) Training and reversals of pair C; and V) Training and reversals of ABC with functional class formation probes. On the third and fifth phases stimuli of the same set (A1 and B1 or A1, B1 and C1, respectively) were established as S+, and the stimuli of the other set (A2 and B2 or A2, B2 and C2) as S-. After baseline was acquired and reached stability the functions of the stimuli were reversed repeatedly (S+ began to function as S- and vice versa), and it was appraised if the animals reverted the functions of the other stimuli given the reversal of the first pair in one of the sets, and that before direct exposure to new contingencies which would indicate functional classes formation (S+ class and S- class). For the fourth dog four experimental phases were programmed: I) Training of pair E stimuli (without reversal); II) Training of pair C stimuli; III) Training of CE being presented in the same session; and IV) Three reversions of CE being presented in the same session. The results show that the procedure was able to establish a complex and flexible discriminative repertoire in dogs, but insufficient to demonstrate relational responding in the only animal to be exposed to the functional class probes. Nevertheless, considerations were made about the positive aspects of the proposed procedure and learning set formation.
Uso de recursos estimuladores da aprendizagem significativa no ensino de física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-30)
Santos, Ernani dos
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8427875981262711
This research deals with resources which lead to significant learning consistent with the needs of modern society and encourages students to develop knowledge in Physics, in order to enable them to interact with the community in a critical and consistent manner towards an intellectual, economic and technological development in a conscious and sustainable way. Therefore, we studied teaching methods based on constructivism and meaningful learning, coupled with application of resources to explore the school environment and technologies related to education and practical application of Science in low cost experiments; in Science Museums and Thematic Parks; aiming to recover the values of the school and offer a new perspective on education for teachers and students, who pressed for mutual participation in the teaching-learning and highlight its importance in the progress of the nation.
Abordagem de recomendação baseada em conteúdo utilizando ontologia fuzzy de domínio e ontologia crisp de preferência do usuário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-30)
Baldárrago, Arturo Elias Urquizo
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3757704078864558
This paper presents an approach for developing content-based recommendation applications with focus on the use of a specific domain fuzzy ontology along with a user preference ontology. The approach falls into two stages: Ontology Engineering and Recommendation System Engineering. In the Ontology Engineering, a domain ontology with fuzzy relationships and a user ontology are built. The user ontology is set as an instance of the domain ontology, but it is modeled in a way that allows to store each user s preferences. The usage of the ontologies produced in Ontology Engineering provides a gain in precision for the results obtained by applications in the Recommendation System Engineering stage. For evaluation purposes, we instantiated the proposed approach in the development of a Recommender System for the field of electronic commerce, focusing on the mobile devices commerce domain. Following the experimental methodology, An evaluation was conducted in order to assess the approach s impact on the accuracy of results provided by the developed Recommender System. The results showed that the use of our approach contributed to increase the accuracy of the results, in terms of prediction, classification and ranking. The contributions of this work include: the approach for developing content-based recommendation applications by using a specific domain fuzzy ontology along with a user preference ontology; the definition of the UPFON methodology, which integrates the approach, to construct fuzzy ontologies; an instantiation of a fuzzy ontology for the mobile devices domain and a strategy to capture; and propagate the user preferences by means of ontologies.