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Uso de recursos estimuladores da aprendizagem significativa no ensino de física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-30) Santos, Ernani dos; Chiquito, Adenilson José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8427875981262711
This research deals with resources which lead to significant learning consistent with the needs of modern society and encourages students to develop knowledge in Physics, in order to enable them to interact with the community in a critical and consistent manner towards an intellectual, economic and technological development in a conscious and sustainable way. Therefore, we studied teaching methods based on constructivism and meaningful learning, coupled with application of resources to explore the school environment and technologies related to education and practical application of Science in low cost experiments; in Science Museums and Thematic Parks; aiming to recover the values of the school and offer a new perspective on education for teachers and students, who pressed for mutual participation in the teaching-learning and highlight its importance in the progress of the nation.
Um procedimento para investigar aprendizagem discriminativa e formação de classes funcionais em cães (Canis familiaris)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-30) Montagnoli, Tathianna Amorim Souza; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3348580978835319
The investigation of symbolic or pre-symbolic behavior in dogs requires the establishment of arbitrary relations among stimuli. A way to teach such relations is requiring a common response in the presence of each one of them, which can result in a class of functionally equivalent stimuli. This study aimed to investigate the formation of functional classes with four dogs. For this purpose it was used an automated device for emission and recording of operant responses and for the presentation of visual stimuli. The operant response was to nose poke a stimuli which were presented in a touch-screen monitor. Three sets of two stimuli (A1/A2; B1/B2; C1/C2) were used for three dogs and two sets of two stimuli (C1/C2; E1/E2) were used for the other dog. In each set, one stimulus was related to reinforcement (S+) and the other to extinction (S-), regarding tasks of simultaneous simple discrimination. Five experimental phases were programmed for three dogs: I) Training and reversals of pair A stimuli; II) Training and reversals of pair B; III) Training and reversions of AB being presented in the same session with functional class formation probes; IV) Training and reversals of pair C; and V) Training and reversals of ABC with functional class formation probes. On the third and fifth phases stimuli of the same set (A1 and B1 or A1, B1 and C1, respectively) were established as S+, and the stimuli of the other set (A2 and B2 or A2, B2 and C2) as S-. After baseline was acquired and reached stability the functions of the stimuli were reversed repeatedly (S+ began to function as S- and vice versa), and it was appraised if the animals reverted the functions of the other stimuli given the reversal of the first pair in one of the sets, and that before direct exposure to new contingencies which would indicate functional classes formation (S+ class and S- class). For the fourth dog four experimental phases were programmed: I) Training of pair E stimuli (without reversal); II) Training of pair C stimuli; III) Training of CE being presented in the same session; and IV) Three reversions of CE being presented in the same session. The results show that the procedure was able to establish a complex and flexible discriminative repertoire in dogs, but insufficient to demonstrate relational responding in the only animal to be exposed to the functional class probes. Nevertheless, considerations were made about the positive aspects of the proposed procedure and learning set formation.
Abordagem de recomendação baseada em conteúdo utilizando ontologia fuzzy de domínio e ontologia crisp de preferência do usuário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-30) Baldárrago, Arturo Elias Urquizo; Prado, Antonio Francisco do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3757704078864558
This paper presents an approach for developing content-based recommendation applications with focus on the use of a specific domain fuzzy ontology along with a user preference ontology. The approach falls into two stages: Ontology Engineering and Recommendation System Engineering. In the Ontology Engineering, a domain ontology with fuzzy relationships and a user ontology are built. The user ontology is set as an instance of the domain ontology, but it is modeled in a way that allows to store each user s preferences. The usage of the ontologies produced in Ontology Engineering provides a gain in precision for the results obtained by applications in the Recommendation System Engineering stage. For evaluation purposes, we instantiated the proposed approach in the development of a Recommender System for the field of electronic commerce, focusing on the mobile devices commerce domain. Following the experimental methodology, An evaluation was conducted in order to assess the approach s impact on the accuracy of results provided by the developed Recommender System. The results showed that the use of our approach contributed to increase the accuracy of the results, in terms of prediction, classification and ranking. The contributions of this work include: the approach for developing content-based recommendation applications by using a specific domain fuzzy ontology along with a user preference ontology; the definition of the UPFON methodology, which integrates the approach, to construct fuzzy ontologies; an instantiation of a fuzzy ontology for the mobile devices domain and a strategy to capture; and propagate the user preferences by means of ontologies.
Concretos refratários contendo agregados eutéticos eletrofundidos: energia de fratura e a resistência ao dano por choque térmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-07-30) Miyaji, Dan Yushin; Rodrigues, José de Anchieta; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4000441989868775; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4150977564959773
The use of fused alumina-zirconia and mullite-zirconia eutectic aggregates can be an interesting choice to toughening high alumina castables, in order to produce good thermal shock damage resistant material. As a remarkable characteristic, the applying of such aggregates results in high fracture energy values, as a consequence of complex crack propagation process through the eutectic microstructure. However, the understanding of the relation between fracture energy and thermal shock damage requires special care, eventhough such relation is prospected by very know mathematical models. This is because the correct choice of sample dimentions showed to be very important to find relations between Hasselman s R -parameter and the experimental resistance to thermal shock The general results have indicated that the materials of the highest fracture energy values presented the highest thermal shock damage resistance. It was also verified that a high amount of aggregates in the castables did not produce reiforced microstructures, but more flexible materials, in a sense that the material s tolerance to crack opening had increased. This result is considered important because it shows that aggegates may play other roles besides the conventionaly known ones.