Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2012-08-03"

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Desenvolvimento de nanoblendas poliméricas PMMA/SAN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-03)
Ternes Neto, Alvaro
;
Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0814243517392991
The motivation for this work was the idea that nanoblends are fundamentally dependent on the high interaction between the phases in the mixture. The strategy adopted in this study was based on the use of two polymers that have a miscibility window, which allows the establishment of an immiscibility condition very close to the limit of this window, providing low interfacial tension between phases. Nanoblends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the matrix and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) as the nanophase were obtained by blending in a twin screw extruder. The compatibilization between the phases was accomplished through the incorporation of the terpolymer (MGE) synthesized from the monomers methyl methacrylate (MMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethyl acrylate (EA). The morphology of the blends was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The transparency of the blends and pure polymers was quantified by transmittance of visible light. Tests such as torque rheometry, capillary rheometry, tensile strength and chemical resistance to solvents were also performed. Nanoblends with 1 and 3 wt% of the dispersed phase were obtained in the absence of MGE. The introduction of the terpolymer allowed a significant reduction of the SAN phase for compositions with 5 and 10% by weight. Through this reduction blends with 5 wt% of SAN reach the nanoscale. It was found that blends transparency is directly related to the dispersed phase mass fraction. Blends mechanical properties were close to those of the PMMA. Blends and pure polymers did not swell by the solvents chosen.
Efeito da abundância das aves granívoras sobre a predação de sementes pós-dispersão em fragmentos florestais da Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-03)
Menezes, Gregório dos Reis
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Hasui, Erica
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Christianini, Alexander Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
;
Silva, Fernando Rodrigues da
Mineração de regras de associação sequenciais em séries temporais e visualização: aplicação em dados agrometeorológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-03)
Cano, Marcos Daniel
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Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695321755996994
Technological development brought improvements in the technology of climate sensors and Earth's surface image acquisition, gathering increasing amounts of data. Generally, when these data are submitted to mining algorithms, the output is the production of hundreds or even thousands of textual patterns, making the task of data analysis by the domain expert even harder. Hence, it is crucial, to support experts, the development of a tool that helps to identify and display patterns of interest. In this context, this research project at Master Science level aims to develop a technique for mining association rules in time series allowing agrometeorological data analysis over time.
Riqueza e abundância de espécies em diferentes compartimentos da comunidade vegetal no gradiente fisionômico do Cerrado em Assis, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-03)
Neri, Ana Carolina Abrão
;
Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7641978829218060
Fire protection has caused ongoing changes in savannas throughout the world, with the expansion of the woody component over more open vegetation. Although these changes have been documented at the landscape level, some questions regarding changes in the floristic composition of communities and the regeneration mechanisms present in different physiognomies remain. The aim of this study was to evaluate species richness and abundance in several components of the community (seed rain, seed bank, and the understory, intermediate, and upper strata) in a cerrado area after 50 years of fire protection. This research was developed along the physiognomic gradient (typical cerrado, dense cerrado and cerradão) existent at Assis Ecological Station, São Paulo state. Seed rain, seed bank, and floristic composition of the three strata were sampled in 30 20 x 50 m plots, 10 plots in each physiognomy. Differences between physiognomies and between seasons were analyzed by means of uni- and multivariate analysis of variance and by linear regression and correlation. Basal area was used as a surrogate of biomass along the physiognomic gradient. Species richness decreased across the whole community for the ground layer and intermediate layer along the successional gradient. In seed rain and seed bank, the floristic composition and abundance differed significantly between the three physiognomies. In seed rain, trees and saplings, mostly generalist species, represented the predominant growth forms, both in relative abundance, as in richness. In the seed bank, herbaceous species presented the highest values for richness and abundance in all physiognomies. The seed rain and seed bank are important as regeneration strategies for a group of species, usually generalists. The homogenization of vegetation structure and floristic composition puts under question the management strategies currently employed in areas designed for Cerrado conservation. Considering that Cerrado fragmentation has concentrated its gene pool in small, isolated remnants and that some plant and animal species are restricted to more open physiognomies, a more refined discussion of the implications that management regimes may have on these communities is essential.
Desenvolvimento de compósito de policloreto de vinila (PVC) reforçado com fibra de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-06)
Araújo, Daniela Gomes de
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Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
This work was focused on the evaluation of the interface between short fiber glass and polymeric matrix of the PVC composites using four different sizings as fiber superficial treatment. The interface analysis was done through mechanical properties study and scanning electron microscospy (SEM), while compared with unreinforced PVC compound. The PVC formulation was mixed in a mixer and, after that, 10% in weight of 4 mm fiber glass was introduced and mixed manually in the compound. The initial plan was prepare plates of the glass reinforced PVC samples through a single screw extruder to get parts for analysis, however, this process was not enough to homogenize the fibers in the PVC matrix. Due to it, a new plan was defined and the plates were milled, it was processed in a double screw extruder to obtain pallets and parts for analysis were molded through injection molding. The results attained suggested that, all superficial treatments evaluated showed satisfactory adhesion between the fiber glass and PVC matrix, besides showing an excessive fiber length reduction due to the composite processing with consequent reduction of fiber performance.
Fabricação e caracterização de dispositivos baseados em nanofitas de Óxido de Estanho (SnO2)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-06)
Araujo, Luana Santos
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8776491740006506
The structural and transport features of tin oxide nanobelts synthesized by the vapor-solid method combined with the carbothermal reduction process were investigated in this work. The samples synthesized were characterized by using experimental techniques such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The nanobelts were found to be single crystals of rutile-type structure with a well defined growth direction. Electronic devices based on single nanobelt and on nanobelts dispersion were fabricated to measure the electronic properties of these samples. The semiconductor behavior was observed by the electron transport measurements data performed on a single nanobelt device, which pointed to the variable range hopping process as the main transport mechanism in a large range of temperature (77 K
Subsídios para implantação do processo de compostagem em município de pequeno porte: estudo de caso em Corumbataí-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-06)
Aquino, Lucilene de
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5557962570490675
University of São Carlos, 2012. Composting is one of the oldest processes of recycling organic waste. Despite being an environmentally appropriate treatment, their use is still little known regarding the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). This study aimed to investigate the management of MSW in Corumbataí - SP. For this purpose gravimetric characterization of MSW were performed, and composting alternatives applicable to the municipality of Corumbataí were analyzed. The study also sought to assess the perception inhabitants of the city regarding the subject matter, as well as their acceptance regarding previous separation of compostable organic waste (COW). Initially a survey on the management from the MSW was implemented. Two gravimetric characterizations were carried out, being the first in June and the other in December. In order to choose the composting alternative the following aspects were analyzed: the amount of organic waste; the availability and accessibility of the area; the existing infrastructure, equipment, labor and impacts on the environment. Questionnaires were applied to each of the families, from house to house, in order to evaluate the existing selective collection program, as well as the amount of knowledge they had about composting. The level of their acceptance in doing separation of organic household waste was also evaluated. Results: We found that the public power is adapting its MSW in a way environmentally responsible, and the selective collection program has shown good efficiency. Through gravimetric characterizations performed in the months of June and December, we obtained a high percentage of organic material (80%), identifying thus the viability of implementing a composting process. We found that the public power is adapting its MSW in a way that is environmentally correct, and the selective collection program has shown a good efficiency. About gravimetric characterizations performed in the months of June and December, we obtained a high percentage of organic matter (80%), identifying the availability of implementing a composting process. It was suggested the use of manual system of rotated furrows because of simple technology, constituted from equipment of easy maintenance and low cost. The research performed with the population found that 100% of respondents participate on the selective collection and had no doubt about the process of waste unbundling. In addition, garbage collection services provided by municipal employees were rated as excellent and good in 89% of the interviewed. About composting, 51% of the respondents had knowledge about the subject, as well as waste that could be composted. Another important finding of this study was to observe that 98% of the interviewed are disposed to separate organic waste for composting. The statement of a significant percentage of organic matter present in the composition of the MSW from Corumbataí means to provide a final destination for the most noble organic waste, with composting as an alternative for the treatment of them. Since the practice of selective collection is incorporated into the habits of the population, there is a positive perspective on the introduction of a third separation for composting organic waste (ROC) as observed in the research about the knowledge and opinion of locals about composting. In this sense it was suggested that the manual system using plowed furrows because of the simplified technology, comprising equipment for easy maintenance and low cost. The survey conduct among the population found that 100% of the respondents participate in the selective collection and have no doubts about the process of separating the trash. Furthermore, 89% of respondents the garbage collection services provided by municipal employees were rated as excellent or good. As for composting, 51% of respondents had knowledge about it, and knowing identify which waste could be composted. Another important fact observed in the study was that 98% of respondents are willing to separate organic waste for composting.
Refino de grão na transformação austenítica em aço rolamento previamente conformado a frio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-07)
Martins, Ivan Augusto
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Balancin, Oscar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8379205949387493
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6003731305973377
In this work is presented the characteristics of the steel C80U Modified, usually applied for bearing components produced through cold forming, as evaluated the influence of prior cold work on the microstructure after heat treatment by quenching and tempering. Starting from spheroidized carbides annealed structure, samples of strip steel were previously cold-rolled to different deformation degrees. The thickness reduction was based on the equivalent strain, calculated by numerical simulation in reference of a real cold formed part. These samples were quenched and tempered, and then the austenitic grain size for each different conditions of prior cold work was evaluated. By X-ray diffraction techniques the fractions of retained austenite for each degree of prior cold work were measured. Mechanical and metallurgical analysis were also carried out in rerolled strips as annealed in delivery condition, in order to characterize the fundamental properties related to drawing process.
Avaliação da durabilidade de argamassas e pastas de cimentos do tipo Portland preparados com um clínquer contendo resíduo de bauxita como matéria-prima
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-07)
Balbino, Thiago Gabriel Ferreira
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Rodrigues, José de Anchieta
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4000441989868775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9432872503151132
The structures of Portland cement are frequently exposed to aggressive environments, which can lead to their degradation. Thus, the study of durability is very important to avoid damages caused by early failures as well as spending on repairs. In this work, the durability of mortars and pastes prepared with a Portland cement containing bauxite residue (BR) as raw material was evaluated and Brazilian commercial cements CPV-ARI and CPII-Z 32 were used as references. Tests were also performed with addition of silica fume to the synthesized cement. The strength and the hydration products after 28 days of cure were evaluated, as well as the chemical, strength and microstructural changes of mortars and pastes subjected to Na2SO4 attack. Acidic attacks using HCl and H2SO4 and leaching tests using distillated water were also carried out. The results showed that the synthesized cement presented a NaC3A phase, which was more resistant to Na2SO4 attack. The uniaxial compressive strength of the mortar prepared with the synthesized cement after curing for 28 days was 39 MPa, and increased to 54 MPa with the addition of silica fume. However, there were some weaknesses in the hydrated structure, such as a large amount of portlandite and high porosity of mortars. The addition of silica fume could overcome these problems and also improved the mortars resistance to acidic and sulfate attacks. The leaching tests showed that sodium was the most leached element from the synthesized cement mortars. The addition of silica fume was also positive in this case, since it strongly reduced the sodium reactivity. Among the elements that could be detected, there were no excess of toxic ones leached from the synthesized cement mortars, which suggests that the BR incorporation would not damage the environment or public health safety.
Solução numérica das equações de Maxwell para cavidades dielétricas bidimensionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-07)
Melzi, André Luis Rossi
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Novaes, Marcel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6150586582241018
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4996732021238082
The objective of this work is to find numerical solutions for Maxwell's equations in two-dimensional dielectric cavities. Such structures can trap light by means of total internal reflections and can be used for constructing lasers in the micron scale, known as microlasers. The shape of the cavity affects the dynamics of rays inside it, so that it can be regular or chaotic, and completely determines the emission pattern of the radiation. During the development of our computational algorithms, we have considered the problem of the circle, whose dynamics is integrable, and the stadium, which has chaotic dynamics. We partially reproduced results in the literature. In addition, we also considered a new geometry, which probably can provide unidirectional emission, a goal that is being sought by the scientific community.
Mineração de regras de associação generalizadas utilizando ontologias fuzzy e similaridade baseada em contexto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-08)
Ayres, Rodrigo Moura Juvenil
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Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5126300403866091
The mining association rules are an important task in data mining. Traditional algorithms of mining association rules are based only on the database items, providing a very specific knowledge. This specificity may not be advantageous, because the users normally need more general, interesting and understandable knowledge. In this sense, there are approaches working in order to obtain association rules with items belonging to any level of a taxonomic structure. In the crisp contexts taxonomies are used in different steps of the mining process. When the objective is the generalization they are used, mainly, in the pre-processing or post-processing stages. On the other hand, in the fuzzy context, fuzzy taxonomies are used, mainly, in the pre-processing step, during the generating extended transactions. A great problem of these transactions is related to the huge amount of candidates and rules. Beyond that, the inclusion of ancestors ends up generating redundancy problems. Besides, it is possible to see that many works have directed efforts for the question of mining fuzzy rules, exploring linguistic terms, but few approaches have been proposed for explore new steps of mining process. In this sense, this paper proposes the Context FOntGAR algorithm, a new algorithm for mining generalized association rules under all levels of fuzzy ontologies composed by specialization/generalization degrees varying in the interval [0,1]. In order to obtain more semantic enrichment, the rules may be composed by similarity relations, which are represented at the fuzzy ontologies in different contexts. In this work the generalization is done during the post-processing step. Other relevant points of this paper are the specification of a new approach of generalization; including a new grouping rules treatment, and a new and efficient way for calculating both support and confidence of generalized rules.
Avaliação da prevalência de sintomas e da efetividade do exercício físico em ambiente ocupacional para controle da dor musculoesquelética em trabalhadores de enfermagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-08)
Moreira, Roberta de Fátima Carreira
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Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8540935203896510
Musculoskeletal disorders have been recognized as a worldwide health problem being highly prevalent among nursing staff. Pain is one of the most noticeable symptoms and may progress to chronic conditions and loss of function. Workplace exercise programs are among the measures for controlling these disorders. Previous systematic review, based exclusively on randomized controlled trials (RCT) results, reported that this practice can be effective when the programs are performed under specific conditions. However, the conduction of RCT in workplace environment is not always possible. Thus, a systematic review to compare the evidence sinthesized by RCT and non RCT studies regarding the effectiveness of workplace exercise interventions for controlling musculoskeletal pain in active workers was conducted (STUDY I). Results from this study reinforced the evidence already sinthesized by Coury; Moreira; Dias (2009) regarding the effectiveness of exercise in occupational environment, but also t the low methodological quality of non RCT studies which precluded their potential for clinical evidence. On the other hand, the study also provied important scientific recommendations for future research on exercise workplace exercise interventions. These results motivated the conduction of a workplace exercise intervention aiming at musculoskeletal pain control in nursing professionals. The intervention was preceded by an epidemiological survey conducted in the working setting through out a questionnaire developed by the authors wich included the standardized Nordic Questionnaire for musculoskeletal symptoms evaluation (STUDY II). This survey alowed the identification of the lumbar, neck and shoulder regions as the ones presenting the highest musculoskeletal pain prevalence among the professionals evaluated. Given the complexity and multifactorial origin of musculoskeletal pain, it was performed logistic regression analysis wich identified the absence of) physical activity, smoking, carrying out household work, working as a nursing technician and previous history of sick leave due to musculoskeletal problem as the main factors explaining the presence of symptoms among workers evaluated. After this initial evaluation, it was applied an exercise program aiming at musculoskeletal pain control of neck, shoulder and low back regions (STUDY III). The exercise program was apllied in the worplace, during 12 weeks and resulted in the reduction of pain sensivity in all points assessed by the algometry, promoted increased muscle strength of abdominals, besides the improvement of low back symptoms identified through out the functional clinical exam. However, no improvement regarding neck and shoulder joint symptoms was observed. The investigation of musculoskeletal pain under these three different methodological perspectives, allowed a better understanding of the theme.Workplace exercise can be an effective way of controlling musculoskeletal symptoms in workers. However, this approach should not be accepted as the only type of intervention to be performed in the workplace. The addoption of aditional ergonomic interventions to promote overload reduction during working hours are also advisable.
A chegada do som nos cinemas de São Paulo segundo a Folha da Manhã (1928-1933)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-09)
Valencise, João Miguel
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Sá Neto, Arthur Autran Franco de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5055550097454248
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2878571290948503
This dissertation focuses on study and observation of the period of transition from silent films to sound films in movie theaters at São Paulo City, as recorded by the pages of Folha da Manhã newspaper between 1928 and 1933. It aims to investigate and understand how adaptations to this new technology were proceeded in exhibitors market. Besides this strictly technical question (including the availability of national projection equipment), this study sought to offer a narrower look at several aspects related to this process, such as the several ways of presentation of the cinematographic product, the presence of national movie pictures at the 1920s and the conformation of movie market at São Paulo state capital.
Reciclagem de cavacos de ligas de alumínio 7050-T7451 utilizando conformação por spray e tratamentos termomecânicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-09)
Hyodo, Alexandre
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
The aim of this work is to conjugate a sort of known processing techniques in to a machining chips recycling route. These are generate during airframe primary parts from AA 7050-T7451, purchased according to AMS 4050H. The main processes assessed in this work were sprayforming, thermomechanical processes and heat treatments. According to the gathered data, the homogenization heat treatment after sprayforming has improved the investigated material properties significantly. The use of hot torsion test was fundamental in order to define the best processing route in order to define a refined microstructure. Beside the hot torsion tests survey, a methodology of experimental data treatment and analysis was developed and used accordingly. And based on these analyses, a new extrusion matrix was designed and manufactured. The new average grain size about 4.0 m obtained has presented good correlation with the size predicted by the method developed. Tensile test data has presented higher than the values specified in AMS 4050 H. Preliminary fatigue data has showed a dispersion within the MMPDS-06 (former MIL-HDBL-5), for similar testing condition, and fulfill the AMS 4050H fatigue requirements.
Efeitos de um programa de habilidades sociais comunicativas para crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10)
Carlino, Fabiana Cristina
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Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0708927614828521
The language is considered the first form of socialization of the child, and, in most cases, is done explicitly by parents through verbal instructions during daily activities. Thus, the child has access, even before learning to speak, the values, beliefs and rules, by contacting the concepts of their culture. However, some children experience serious difficulties in the acquisition and development of it. The Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a change that has piqued the interest of many researchers due to its particularity, which refers to the great difficulty in developing language skills in the absence of auditory impairments, motor, mental retardation, neurological damage, comprehensive developmental disorders, acquired brain insults, restricted social interaction, behavioral disturbances, and emotional significance. The present study aimed to: a) assess the effects of an HSC program for a group of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), b) analyze the performance of each participant in this program, as indicators obtained preoperatively and post-intervention and c) to verify positive change reliable components Communicative Social Skills group and individually. Participants were eight children, between seven and nine years and eleven months of chronological age, both genders, with SLI. Data collection was divided into five phases: Preliminary - Contact those responsible; Phase I - Evaluation pre-intervention; Phase II - Planning and implementation of the intervention program; Phase III - Evaluation postintervention; Phase IV - Guidance and evaluating judges. Statistical analysis was based on the JT method, which aims to evaluate the pre-and post-intervention participants as a group and individually. The results suggested: reliable positive changes in the components of verbal and nonverbal content, but not reliably positive change was observed in verbal form. As the evaluation of the family QAP, P1, P2, P6 and P7 were participants more positively evaluated. While the evaluation of DC, the best participants were evaluated P3, P4, P5 and P8. It discusses the contributions of the study in terms of knowledge produced from steps taken, decisions and challenges of research and the 6 importance of investment in research in the area, involving the construction, adaptation and improvement of assessment tools for HSC DEL.
O problema de Cauchy para sistemas quase-lineares hiperbólicos é bem posto em espaços de Hölder
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10)
Silva, Rômel da Rosa da
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Santos Filho, José Ruidival Soares dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6112529384454347
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804309368611422
We consider the Cauchy problem for the quasi-linear systems that is, the system is hyperbolic at u = 0. We show that certain Besov spaces are preserved by flow of the solution, near the null solution.
Produção de etanol e hidrolisado protéico da casca de soja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10)
Rojas, Mayerlenis Jiménez
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2812374302014326
Soybean hull is a lignocellulosic biomass that contains 38-51% of cellulose, which could be converted to ethanol. In addition, contains 9-14% of protein that can be hydrolyzed by endoproteases, releasing oligopeptides with nutritional applications. Although glycoside and peptide linkages can be hydrolyzed by acids, the cellulose molecules are more resistant than the protein and hemicellulose molecules. In this way, the acid treatment of the biomass would reduce its hemicellulose content, and the remnant cellulose into solid fraction would be more susceptible to hydrolytic enzymes. In this work, different routes of protein, hemicellulose, and lignin solubilization were evaluated, intending to obtain ethanol and soluble oligopeptides from the soybean hull. The protein was recovered as oligopeptides by hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass using the commercial endoprotease Novo-Pro DR at 60oC, pH 9.0, 5 h, and different enzyme concentrations (1, 2, and 4%, m/m). A sequential hydrolysis using chymotrypsin and Novo-Pro DR, both at 1% (m/m) enzyme concentration, was also evaluated. The results showed that hydrolysis with 1% Novo-Pro DR allowed solubilization of 56.9% of protein from the soybean hulls. Nonetheless, at same temperature and pH, in absence of enzyme, was possible to solubilized 45.6% of the proteins. This solubilization is probably due to liberation of the physically aggregated units. The increase of endoprotease concentration from 1 to 2% increased the protein removal to 74%. However, the increase from 2 to 4% not increased significantly the protein solubilization. The use of chymotrypsin, an enzyme with high specificity and that work at mild conditions, allowed a solubilization of 44% protein. Nonetheless, the removal of lignin using chymotrypsin was higher than that using Novo-Pro DR. When in-nature soybean hull was hydrolyzed by acid or protease (1% Novo-Pro DR) followed by acid, the protein removal was around of 90%. The lignocellulosic biomass was hydrolyzed with 3% (v/v) H2SO4, solid:liquid ratio of 1:4, 120oC, and 20 min. 20 min. Carbohydrate analyses showed that the acid treatment allowed to hemicellulose removal around of 46.7% in the xylose form. The protein content of the soybean hull was almost totally solubilized during the acid hydrolysis, without significant loss of cellulose. On the contrary, large cellulose loss was observed during the acid hydrolysis of in-nature soybean hull. In this way, if it is intended to produce a protein hydrolysate containing controlled composition or ethanol from remnant solid fraction, is strongly recommended the previous enzymatic solubilization of the proteins. The chemical composition of the solid biomass after sequential hydrolyses with protease and acid showed cellulose content around of 49% for all samples. So, the biomass treated with 1% (m/m) Novo-Pro DR was saccharified with Acellerase 1500 at 50oC, pH 4.8, and enzyme/substrate ratio of 7 FPU/g of cellulose for 72 h. Under the same conditions, soybean hull in-nature, pretreated with acid, and pretreated with protease were submitted to cellulolytic hydrolyses. The cellulose-to-glucose conversion was around of 40% for the last two biomass. The increase of the enzymatic load to 20 FPU/g of cellulose allowed a cellulose conversion of 55% for biomass pretreated with 1% (m/m) Novo-Pro DR, followed by acid hydrolysis. The supplementation of the Acellarase 1500 with 120 IU of β-glucosidase and 1% (m/m) of pectinase not produced any increased in the cellulose conversion. The biomass was pretreated by organossolv method (50% ethanol, 170oC, and 1h) and saccharified with Acellerase 1500 under the same conditions described above. This procedure yielded a cellulose conversion of 52%, with less removal of hemicellulose. This result showed that lignin was causing greater steric hindrances to the enzymatic attack. The biomass pretreated with acid and with protease (1% Novo-Pro D) followed by acid yielded the same glucose-toethanol conversion, reaching an ethanol concentration around of 13 g/L.
Sistemas agroflorestais na recuperação de áreas de preservação permanente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10)
Machado, Fábio José
;
Stolf, Rubismar
This essay aims at evaluating the use of alternative reforestation models in order to recover degraded areas in permanent preservation areas. The potential of effective recovery was analyzed regarding sustainability indicators which were applied according to the principles of the MESMIS tool. Comparing a forest fragment (AT), a handled agroforestry system (SAF), two recovery areas and a pasture area. All of the analyzed places belong to strategic regions considering the biodiversity conservation as well as water resources, as they are located in different environmentally protected zones (APA s), which provide water for the Cantareira System (Sistema Cantareira). The analysis took place in the recommended period for the monitor in the RAD projects, in the first three years in order to evaluate the current situation and also intervene in the maintenance if necessary. The sustainability indicators choice was based on the easy applicability and facts interpretation, which belongs to three groups: man-induced disturbance, composition and ecological function. The maninduced disturbance revealed that there was evidence of disturbance in all the places. In the composition indicators, the forestry fragment (AT) showed the higher value considering the biodiversity index. However the difference was not really significant if compared to the handled SAF. In the implementation of ecological function indicators, the SAF showed the highest rate of tree canopy. So, it was determined that the agroforestry system shows good results considering the diversity when it is handled. In addition to that, it showed big viii potential in recovering degraded areas and in enrichment of forest fragments that can be handled for a longer period than the one estimated by law.
Estimativa de energia no infinito para equações hiperbólicas com coeficientes oscilantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10)
Zapata, Miguel Angel Cuayla
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Santos Filho, José Ruidival Soares dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6112529384454347
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2404733136036136
We study the behavior, as t ∞, of the energy for the solutions of the Cauchy problem for some strictly hyperbolic linear second order equations with coeficients very rapidly oscillating.
Vulnerabilidade das comunidades pesqueiras de São Tomé e Príncipe face às mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10)
Fernandes, Ilunilson dos Santos Paquete
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1659424824376207
With the release of the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007, the certainty that critical events related to climate change directly and indirectly affect human activities has emerged. The report confirmed that the least developed countries (LDCs), particularly those located in Africa, are the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. These vulnerabilities result from multiple factors that influence the manner in which people adapt to local biophysical and social impacts of climate variability. Therefore, this research aims to generally develop, describe and analyze, through qualitative procedures of sociological research, social representations that the traditional fishing communities on the island of Sao Tome and Principe, Africa have over critical events, which in design, refer to climate change and how such representations affect their organization and spatial distribution practices. To achieve the objective of this research, we adopted methodological procedures of qualitative basis such as: state of art review, and preliminary documentary to field research, the latter being accomplished through the use of focus group technique and interviews. The research problem is linked to some peculiarities of African context where the island goes through many socioenvironmental hardships and limitations, which demonstrate the relevance of this undertaken research.