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Sistemas agroflorestais na recuperação de áreas de preservação permanente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10) Machado, Fábio José; Stolf, Rubismar
This essay aims at evaluating the use of alternative reforestation models in order to recover degraded areas in permanent preservation areas. The potential of effective recovery was analyzed regarding sustainability indicators which were applied according to the principles of the MESMIS tool. Comparing a forest fragment (AT), a handled agroforestry system (SAF), two recovery areas and a pasture area. All of the analyzed places belong to strategic regions considering the biodiversity conservation as well as water resources, as they are located in different environmentally protected zones (APA s), which provide water for the Cantareira System (Sistema Cantareira). The analysis took place in the recommended period for the monitor in the RAD projects, in the first three years in order to evaluate the current situation and also intervene in the maintenance if necessary. The sustainability indicators choice was based on the easy applicability and facts interpretation, which belongs to three groups: man-induced disturbance, composition and ecological function. The maninduced disturbance revealed that there was evidence of disturbance in all the places. In the composition indicators, the forestry fragment (AT) showed the higher value considering the biodiversity index. However the difference was not really significant if compared to the handled SAF. In the implementation of ecological function indicators, the SAF showed the highest rate of tree canopy. So, it was determined that the agroforestry system shows good results considering the diversity when it is handled. In addition to that, it showed big viii potential in recovering degraded areas and in enrichment of forest fragments that can be handled for a longer period than the one estimated by law.
Efeitos de um programa de habilidades sociais comunicativas para crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10) Carlino, Fabiana Cristina; Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0708927614828521
The language is considered the first form of socialization of the child, and, in most cases, is done explicitly by parents through verbal instructions during daily activities. Thus, the child has access, even before learning to speak, the values, beliefs and rules, by contacting the concepts of their culture. However, some children experience serious difficulties in the acquisition and development of it. The Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a change that has piqued the interest of many researchers due to its particularity, which refers to the great difficulty in developing language skills in the absence of auditory impairments, motor, mental retardation, neurological damage, comprehensive developmental disorders, acquired brain insults, restricted social interaction, behavioral disturbances, and emotional significance. The present study aimed to: a) assess the effects of an HSC program for a group of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), b) analyze the performance of each participant in this program, as indicators obtained preoperatively and post-intervention and c) to verify positive change reliable components Communicative Social Skills group and individually. Participants were eight children, between seven and nine years and eleven months of chronological age, both genders, with SLI. Data collection was divided into five phases: Preliminary - Contact those responsible; Phase I - Evaluation pre-intervention; Phase II - Planning and implementation of the intervention program; Phase III - Evaluation postintervention; Phase IV - Guidance and evaluating judges. Statistical analysis was based on the JT method, which aims to evaluate the pre-and post-intervention participants as a group and individually. The results suggested: reliable positive changes in the components of verbal and nonverbal content, but not reliably positive change was observed in verbal form. As the evaluation of the family QAP, P1, P2, P6 and P7 were participants more positively evaluated. While the evaluation of DC, the best participants were evaluated P3, P4, P5 and P8. It discusses the contributions of the study in terms of knowledge produced from steps taken, decisions and challenges of research and the 6 importance of investment in research in the area, involving the construction, adaptation and improvement of assessment tools for HSC DEL.
Produção de etanol e hidrolisado protéico da casca de soja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10) Rojas, Mayerlenis Jiménez; Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2812374302014326
Soybean hull is a lignocellulosic biomass that contains 38-51% of cellulose, which could be converted to ethanol. In addition, contains 9-14% of protein that can be hydrolyzed by endoproteases, releasing oligopeptides with nutritional applications. Although glycoside and peptide linkages can be hydrolyzed by acids, the cellulose molecules are more resistant than the protein and hemicellulose molecules. In this way, the acid treatment of the biomass would reduce its hemicellulose content, and the remnant cellulose into solid fraction would be more susceptible to hydrolytic enzymes. In this work, different routes of protein, hemicellulose, and lignin solubilization were evaluated, intending to obtain ethanol and soluble oligopeptides from the soybean hull. The protein was recovered as oligopeptides by hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass using the commercial endoprotease Novo-Pro DR at 60oC, pH 9.0, 5 h, and different enzyme concentrations (1, 2, and 4%, m/m). A sequential hydrolysis using chymotrypsin and Novo-Pro DR, both at 1% (m/m) enzyme concentration, was also evaluated. The results showed that hydrolysis with 1% Novo-Pro DR allowed solubilization of 56.9% of protein from the soybean hulls. Nonetheless, at same temperature and pH, in absence of enzyme, was possible to solubilized 45.6% of the proteins. This solubilization is probably due to liberation of the physically aggregated units. The increase of endoprotease concentration from 1 to 2% increased the protein removal to 74%. However, the increase from 2 to 4% not increased significantly the protein solubilization. The use of chymotrypsin, an enzyme with high specificity and that work at mild conditions, allowed a solubilization of 44% protein. Nonetheless, the removal of lignin using chymotrypsin was higher than that using Novo-Pro DR. When in-nature soybean hull was hydrolyzed by acid or protease (1% Novo-Pro DR) followed by acid, the protein removal was around of 90%. The lignocellulosic biomass was hydrolyzed with 3% (v/v) H2SO4, solid:liquid ratio of 1:4, 120oC, and 20 min. 20 min. Carbohydrate analyses showed that the acid treatment allowed to hemicellulose removal around of 46.7% in the xylose form. The protein content of the soybean hull was almost totally solubilized during the acid hydrolysis, without significant loss of cellulose. On the contrary, large cellulose loss was observed during the acid hydrolysis of in-nature soybean hull. In this way, if it is intended to produce a protein hydrolysate containing controlled composition or ethanol from remnant solid fraction, is strongly recommended the previous enzymatic solubilization of the proteins. The chemical composition of the solid biomass after sequential hydrolyses with protease and acid showed cellulose content around of 49% for all samples. So, the biomass treated with 1% (m/m) Novo-Pro DR was saccharified with Acellerase 1500 at 50oC, pH 4.8, and enzyme/substrate ratio of 7 FPU/g of cellulose for 72 h. Under the same conditions, soybean hull in-nature, pretreated with acid, and pretreated with protease were submitted to cellulolytic hydrolyses. The cellulose-to-glucose conversion was around of 40% for the last two biomass. The increase of the enzymatic load to 20 FPU/g of cellulose allowed a cellulose conversion of 55% for biomass pretreated with 1% (m/m) Novo-Pro DR, followed by acid hydrolysis. The supplementation of the Acellarase 1500 with 120 IU of β-glucosidase and 1% (m/m) of pectinase not produced any increased in the cellulose conversion. The biomass was pretreated by organossolv method (50% ethanol, 170oC, and 1h) and saccharified with Acellerase 1500 under the same conditions described above. This procedure yielded a cellulose conversion of 52%, with less removal of hemicellulose. This result showed that lignin was causing greater steric hindrances to the enzymatic attack. The biomass pretreated with acid and with protease (1% Novo-Pro D) followed by acid yielded the same glucose-toethanol conversion, reaching an ethanol concentration around of 13 g/L.
Estimativa de energia no infinito para equações hiperbólicas com coeficientes oscilantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10) Zapata, Miguel Angel Cuayla; Santos Filho, José Ruidival Soares dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6112529384454347; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2404733136036136
We study the behavior, as t ∞, of the energy for the solutions of the Cauchy problem for some strictly hyperbolic linear second order equations with coeficients very rapidly oscillating.
O problema de Cauchy para sistemas quase-lineares hiperbólicos é bem posto em espaços de Hölder
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10) Silva, Rômel da Rosa da; Santos Filho, José Ruidival Soares dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6112529384454347; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804309368611422
We consider the Cauchy problem for the quasi-linear systems that is, the system is hyperbolic at u = 0. We show that certain Besov spaces are preserved by flow of the solution, near the null solution.
Vulnerabilidade das comunidades pesqueiras de São Tomé e Príncipe face às mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-10) Fernandes, Ilunilson dos Santos Paquete; Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1659424824376207
With the release of the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007, the certainty that critical events related to climate change directly and indirectly affect human activities has emerged. The report confirmed that the least developed countries (LDCs), particularly those located in Africa, are the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. These vulnerabilities result from multiple factors that influence the manner in which people adapt to local biophysical and social impacts of climate variability. Therefore, this research aims to generally develop, describe and analyze, through qualitative procedures of sociological research, social representations that the traditional fishing communities on the island of Sao Tome and Principe, Africa have over critical events, which in design, refer to climate change and how such representations affect their organization and spatial distribution practices. To achieve the objective of this research, we adopted methodological procedures of qualitative basis such as: state of art review, and preliminary documentary to field research, the latter being accomplished through the use of focus group technique and interviews. The research problem is linked to some peculiarities of African context where the island goes through many socioenvironmental hardships and limitations, which demonstrate the relevance of this undertaken research.