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Influência dos íons Cu2+ nas propriedades ópticas dos pós de (Ca1-x Cux)TiO3 preparados por métodos químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-29)
Oliveira, Larissa Helena de
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Varela, José Arana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1807399214239200
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1461337173265474
The influence of Cu2+ doping as well as the preparation methods on the structural, morphological and optical properties of (Ca1-xCux)TiO3 powders with (x= 0; 0,01; 0,02; 0,04 and 0,10) of Cu2+ were studied in this work. The copper ions has been chose to replace the A site in the CaTiO3 perovskite, by the fact that structural defects related to covalent character of Cu-O linkages are created in the CaTiO3 crystalline structure. This effect is able to change the polarization or charge density of CaO12 and TiO6 clusters in the matrix, influencing its optical properties. The studied systems were synthesized by the microwave assisted hydrothermal method (HM) and Polymeric precursor method (PPM). These powders were structurally and morphologically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, micro-Raman (MR) spectroscopy, volumetric gas adsorption of Brunauer, Emmett e Teller (BET) method and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Finally, their optical properties were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD patterns, Rietveld refinement indicated that these crystals present a perovskite-type CaTiO3 orthorhombic structure and space group Pbnm. MR spectroscopy indicated the presence of strtuctural defects which are associated to the introduction of Cu2+ ions in the A site of the perovskite.The presence of structural defects which are able to modify the polarization and/or charge density into the lattice, influencing its optical properties. Moreover, the reduction in band gap (Egap) observed for these systems is also related to them. The defects and distortions into lattice at medium- and short-range on the [CaO12]/[TiO6] clusters promotes the structural order-disorder responsible for the intense PL properties of these systems. The powders morphology are also influenced by the experimental procedure employed in the systems preparation. These materials are promising candidates for future applications in optical devices.
Entre idas e vindas, entre ganhos e perdas: as trajetórias de camponeses brasileiros em vivências na fronteira boliviana com o Acre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-29)
Silva, Diego Correia da
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9335706646959912
The induced migration is a constitutive and persistent part of the Brazilian state strategies in the Amazon occupation process and, particularly, in the Acre occupation process as well. However, the incessant concentration of the means of production especially land and the local resistance movements apart has generated the expulsion of some groups to beyond the Brazilian border. These groups occupied the Bolivian side of the border as an alternative, even though precarious to keep their economical survival, without losing their social bond that links them to the acrian side. But to across the border between Acre and Bolívia was not the most painful experience of these groups, in terms of their identitary state as extractives, since these groups are confronted with a greater challenge that is their expulsion of the border as a means of national security and Bolivian sovereignty. With deadline to leave their homes, i.e., desterritorializate in a compulsory manner, these groups comprehend their nationality as a restrictive factor to production place in the Bolivian territory, and at the same time, they do not have any favorable factor to their reinsertion in the Brazilian territory, mainly in the Acre countryside. In this context, the objective of this dissertation is a sociological investigation about the trajectories and the subsequent socio-spatial vulnerabilization processes lived by the Brazilian peasants that nowadays occupy areas in the border between Bolívia and Acre. For this purpose, we present a sociological and qualitative research, whose procedures are the bibliography review about the politics of Amazon occupation, studies about the official data from multilateral organizations and Brazilian institutes involved with the topic, semistructured interviews and photo-documentation. The analysis of the results was divided in three parts, each one relative to one migratory movement: from Brazilian Northwest to Amazon (Trajectory 1); from Acre to Bolívia (Trajectory 2); and the return of the peasants to Brazil (Trajectory 3). Among the most important findings are the identification of regular regimes that affected the deterritorialization processes of the group, such as the lack of legitimacy of the right to ownership of land by peasants, and other unique traits, such as degradation resulting from identity tensions experienced in the bolivian context, which are being expelled.
Pensar nos bichos : afetos e políticas da proteção animal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-30)
Oliveira, Guilherme Antunes de
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Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671
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Leirner, Piero de Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883880276055777
As an ethnography about interspecific relationships – between humans and animals – in urban contexts, this dissertation aims to reflect about the actions related to the management and protection of animal life within institutional and domestic scopes. From the contact with activist groups in two cities in the state of São Paulo it was possible to observe situations that alternate between containment and propitiation measures and their consequent interferences in a conviviality supported by the principle of animal protection. Government and activism – as well as the perceptions and conceptions of the domestic animal resulting from their respective actions – allow a theoretical and methodological reflection on the binomial established between culture and nature, when they reveal conflicts and possible ambivalences of animal protection, situated between control and hosting measures that, consequently, are linked to affectivities and legal issues. Ethical arguments, contained in laws and public policies, as well as the appeal to the sensitive dimension, eventually triggered by activism, also provide subsidies to understanding other concepts - such as welfare and animal rights – and these interspecific relationships mediated by emotions and reason, both tangents to the moral condition of the animal as part of a predominantly human socius.
Estruturas cristalinas e moleculares de indóis 1,3- substituídos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-30)
Wulf, Glaudeston Dutra
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Schpector, Júlio Zukerman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7980149644118088
This work consists of 7 chapters. In Chapter 1 a description of the problems addressed here are presented, starting with a brief story about the development of Xray diffraction crystallography, starting with the description of crystals, unit cells and, cocristals and at the end the concepts of supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering, together with the description of the compounds studied and an application of the use of computational studies complementing the crystalochemical studies, are presented. In chapter 2 the objectives of this work are described. The third chapter includes the experimental procedures that have been used to determine the molecular and crystal structures, as well as the ones used for the modeling studies performed. In Chapter 4 the results are described and discussed, that is, the crystal structures of two 1,3-substituted indoles: 3-Ethenyl-1-(4- methylphenylsulfonyl)-1H-indole (compound 1) and 3-Formyl-1-(4- methylphenylsulfonyl)-1H-indole (compound 2). The striking result is that both compounds have two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, in other words, Z' > 1. Both molecules of compound 1 are very similar and that of compound 2 they are rotamers. Molecular modeling calculations showed that in all cases the independent molecules have almost the same energy and that the rotational barrier for interconversion between rotamers is between 2.0 and 3.0 kcal.mol-1. Due to this low energy barrier, both conformers should coexist in solution and when crystallization occurs, they have the same probability to crystallize. Chapter 5 presents the conclusions of this study. In chapter 6 the references are given and, in Chapter 7 a copy of the published paper can be found.
Estudo espectroscópico do íon Eu3+ dopado na matriz de tungstato de estrôncio obtido através do processo sol-gel não-hidrolítico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-30)
Pereira, Paula Fabiana dos Santos
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Rosa, Ieda Lucia Viana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086262254116449
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930349739659635
In this work it was investigated the influence of the temperature, time of heat treatment, and the variation of the Eu3+ concentration into the SrWO4 framework related to their structural, morphological and photoluminescent properties. Thus, strontium tungstates, SrWO4, have attracted considerable attention, mainly in the development of researches aiming their utilization as new electro-optic displays, due to their photoluminescent properties. The study of the crystalline scheelite structures promotes the comprehension of their photoluminescent properties. The SrWO4:Eu3+ powders were characterized using the techniques of Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA/DSC), powder X-ray Diffraction (DRX), Rietveld Refinement, Micro-Raman analysis (MR), morphology and determination of the elements by EDSX, absorption in the ranges of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis.) and infrared (IR), as well as photoluminescence (PL) and lifetime of the Eu3+ ion, X-Ray Photoelectrons Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-Ray absorption (XANES). The TG/DSC analysis showed that the SrWO4:Eu3+ powders were obtained at about 800 oC, being confirmed by XRD, assigned as the scheelite phase of the tetragonal type. The MR and IR spectra indicated only one tetrahedron [WO4] type, and ordering at short distance. The EDSX and XPS analysis indicated the SrWO4:Eu3+ materials are essentially formed by the Sr, W, O and Eu elements presenting, respectively, 2+, 6+, 2- e 3+ as oxidation number. These results were also confirmed by XANES, showing the Eu ion presents 3+ as main oxidation number. The study of the photoluminescent properties showed the electric-dipole 5D0→7F2 transition in the emission spectra is dominant, indicating the Eu3+ ion is positioned in a site without inversion center. The ratios of the 5D0→7F2/5D0→7F1 bands showed the Eu3+ ions are located in a low symmetry environment. The results of emission quantum efficiencies (η) and lifetime (τ) showed a kind of dependence of the temperature effect, time of heat treatment, and variation of the Eu3+ in the SrWO4 framework, indicating the processing conditions at 800 oC and 8 hours are the ideal ones to the obtention of these materials. The sample presenting 2% of Eu3+ showed the higher relative intensity having as well as higher lifetime and emission quantum efficiencies related to the other samples.
Supremo Tribunal Federal e as regras do jogo: a limitação constitucional de juros e a atuação da corte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-30)
Tor, Luís Leonardo
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Souza, Márcia Teixeira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2846115924284615
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1551128771446707
Taking for basis an analytical view on the Democratic Law State as a set of institutional arrangements and normatives which allow the competition of rights between the social agents, by virtue of the unethical nature which is found between the constitutional negative and positive rights, this dissertation investigates the constitutional listing real interests case, inserted into the constitutional text by the "Gasparian amendment", and its practical unconstitutionalization, through the impediment of the norm application under decision of the Federal Supreme Court in straight unconstitutionality action.
Filtração de gases a altas pressões
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-31)
Franco, Kleber Serrão
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9688926893364744
The filtration of gases is an important industrial operation with the primary aim of removing unwanted solid particles contained in a gas. The filtration of gases at high pressures is an operation widely used in natural gas industry with the aim of separating impurities called black powder, from rust inside pipelines along the transportation. These residues can cause wear on equipment such as, for example, rotor pump, obstruction of gauges and pressure decrease in product quality. Despite being an operation widely used, few studies exist in the area to study what the best type of filter. Therefore this study is very useful to improve the steps of transportation, measurement and purity of the final product. To simulate this process, we used the dry compressed air, injecting a phosphate rock as particulate matter. The filters were tested RAD cellulose and acrylic. The surface speed of filtration was kept constant at 0.05 m / s, throughout the filtering operation. The flow of compressed air used were 14 l / min to the total pressure 1 bar, 42 l / min at a total pressure of 3 bar and 86 l / min at a total pressure of 6 bar. Total load losses were 5, 10, 20 and 30 mbar. The results showed that, initially, the curves of head loss versus deposited mass showed the same growth trend. However, when forming a layer of cake from about 0.03 kg/m2, the filtrations higher pressures had lower pressure loss. This is because the larger pressure forming pies more porous and less resistant to air flow. At the end of the study it was also observed that the acrylic filter performed better compared to the cellulose RAD, due to its greater mass of accumulated dust and low pressure drop.
Um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para o ensino de tópicos de matemática do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-31)
Abbondati, Mario
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044007407566849
The objective of this work was the development and application of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), based on the Moodle platform, for the study of Mathematic topics at the elementary education level. Furthermore, another purpose is to observe the student's work within this environment and, subsequently, the analysis of the results of this proposed teaching method. The VLE concept was developed with the ISMART foundation students in mind, which are studying at the Bandeirantes School, in Sao Paulo. This foundation is a nonprofit organization that grants scholarships to academically well performing students as well as those of low income families, which are selected through exams and interviews. The selected themes within VLE are quantities and also measurements, chosen for their importance and relevance in every-day life, divided into four units: Measurements of Length, Surface, Volume and Percentage. Emphasis is given to the concept of measurement, by studying the various quantities and diverse approaches, such as: historic, the use of nontraditional unit standards and interactive applications. In relation to the percentage theme, it is important that the students familiarize themselves with different representation of rational numbers (fraction, decimal and percentage). Besides that, this theme is part of the everyday information, where we are dealing with spreadsheets, graphics and statistic data. As part of the VLE, it was the intention of this study to seek real life problems that would involve the use of calculators for more complicated calculations. Furthermore, mental percentage calculations were practiced by applying a specially developed game. Resources were utilized in form of texts, images, audio, video, flash animations and Geogebra applications, besides PowerPoint exercises that were solved in a step by step method as well as other proposed exercises. The VLE was executed with ISMART students of 2011 and 2012, whereby some activities were developed at the School and others at home.
Guibuilder multimodal : um framework para a geração de interfaces multimodais com o apoio de interaction design patterns
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-01)
Fragoso, Ygara Lúcia Souza Melo
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Pizzolato, Ednaldo Brigante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2821982735490884
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9707510340233192
The interaction between humans and the computers has improved substantially during time through the evolution of interfaces of interaction. The possibility of users to interact with machines through several modalities of communication, and in a natural way, can increase the level of interest from the user and ensure the success of the application. However, the literature of the area of multimodality has shown that developing such interfaces is not a simple task, mainly for non-experienced or recently graduated professionals, since each designer’s modality of interaction has its complexity in technical terms, as acquisition and adaptation with new tools, languages, possible actions and etc. Moreover it is necessary to verify which modalities (voice, touch and gestures) can be used in the application, how to combine these modalities in a way that the stronger point of one completes the weak point of the other and vice versa, and also knowing in what context the final user will be involved. The GuiBuilder Multimodal was developed aiming to try providing the basic needs in implementing an interface that uses voice, touch and gesture. The framework promotes an interface development through the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) model, where the designer just sets some parameters so the component is multimodal. During the interface creation phase, agents supervise what the designer does and supply support, clues, with design patterns that might be divided in categories such as: multimodality, interaction with the user and components.
Emprego de planejamento experimental no desenvolvimento de métodos cromatográficos na indústria farmacêutica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-01)
Miglioranza, Bruna
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0163273491112677
The aim of this study was to use experimental design techniques during the development and validation of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for analysis of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry in order to demonstrate its applicability and benefits of its use. A multivariate assessment of the robustness of an assay method for vitamins of the B complex enabled the visualization of interactions between variables, which would not be possible through the univariate approach. A mixture design was performed for determining the extraction solvents of sesquiterpene lactones in pharmaceutical formulation containing arnica tincture. The mixture of solvents selected through the study allowed desirable extraction of compounds of interest from the sample, which was confirmed through the validation of the methodology. Finally, we conducted an exploratory planning on an analytical methodology for the determination of latanoprost, timolol maleate, preservatives and degradation product in eye drops. The design allowed the reduction of chromatographic run time and waste generation by about 44%.
Mulheres aprendem com mulheres : diálogo intergeracional sobre a prática de amamentar e os cuidados com o bebê
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-05)
Martins, Rosa Maria Castilho
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Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2507454981640212
To increase the awareness of breastfeeding practices, one must bear in mind that this is a complex act, permeated by the influence of several factors, including the family members. In order to better understand the family context of pregnant/lactating women and identify what they learn with their mothers and mothers-in-law we developed the following research question: What are the existing educational processes in the dialogue between two generations of women about breastfeeding practices and newborn care practices? The objective of this study was to understand what women of different generations learn and teach about breastfeeding practices and newborn care practices, seeking to reveal the type of support and influence that mothers and mothers-in-law may exert on breastfeeding practices. This was a qualitative study, which had the participation of eight women residing in a low socioeconomic neighborhood, and the following techniques were used for data collection: semi-structured interviews and informal conversations. For data analysis we adopted the assumptions of the hermeneutic-dialectic analysis, which led to the development of categories that enabled us to understand: the diversity of motherhood and breastfeeding experiences, the grandmothers knowledge on breastfeeding, the educational processes in the dialogue between women of different generations and the grandmothers potential for encouraging and supporting breastfeeding. We conclude that grandmothers are reference persons in the family, that they have various forms of knowledge about breastfeeding and about caring for newborn babies and who transmit this knowledge to their daughters and daughters-in-law. Thus, when developing actions to promote, protect and support breastfeeding, health professionals need to acknowledge and value the knowledge that women bring from their own child rearing experiences, in addition to building a dialogical relationship that enables to consider and expand this knowledge, enhancing the role of grandmothers as supporters of breastfeeding.
Circulação e fixação: o dispositivo de gerenciamento dos moradores de rua em São Carlos e a emergência de uma população
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-06)
Oliveira, Luciano Marcio Freitas de
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7723166159106024
The aim of this dissertation is to present how homeless people have been produced and managed in a contemporary context. It also intends to show how changes in the practices of care to the homeless influence directly in their daily lives, specifically in the ways they organize themselves in the city. We highlight bancas - a term which defines, in Carlos and in other cities of São Paulo s State, groups of homeless people which are designed in certain places of the city. We have chosen the bancas as the locus of analysis here due to the fact that it is the most common way of living on the streets among the homeless in the researched city. Also, it gives a visibility to these groups in the urban space, obligating the creation of new forms of public management to this situation. As a mythological approach, we developed an ehtnograpy on Social Care Institutions and on the streets. Also, we performed in-depth interviews with care workers. The use of ethnography allowed us to develop analytical constructs such as Circulation and Settlement , which permitted us to conduct investigations about the changes in care practices in this population, giving the contemporary device of public management on the issue of the homeless.
Raça, identidade e cidadania: uma análise dos trabalhos apresentados na ANPOCS e na ANPED (1988-2003)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-06)
Sousa, Karina Almeida de
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7080534523571723
This research aimed to conduct a few works that articulated the category race to the field of education in order to verify the relevance of the role played by the school institution as it relates to ethnic-racial issue in Brazil. Seeking to achieve this objective it is a mapping of the papers presented at two major national associations of research and graduate of Social Sciences and Education, the National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Social Sciences (ANPOCS) and the National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Education (ANPEd) during 1988-2003. The observation of the aforementioned mapping identified the concepts of identity and citizenship presented directly related to ethnic and racial issues and education in the analyzed texts. Both this mapping as the monitoring of the contemporary literature of Social Sciences and Education, issues related to ethnicity, race, reported the need to study the relationships established between the formal education, the black movement and educational policies. In this sense, the research aimed to examine the interconnections between theoretical treatises that articulate race and education in ANPOCS ANPEd and pointing to the understanding of space and school education as central places in the constitution and re-discussion of the parameters of citizenship and / or as construction place processes to identify the persons to whom they are intended educational processes through the racial-ethnic membership. Finally, we sought a rapprochement between the normative instruments / legal policies that institutionalize public education in the country: the Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education (LDB), the National Education Plan (NEP) and the Development Plan for Education (PDE) and discussions presented by the works analyzed.
Análise da diversidade microbiana aquática em rios e lagos da região amazônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-07)
Toyama, Danyelle
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Silva, Flávio Henrique da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7477988170262275
The Amazon region has the largest hydrographic basin on the planet, the one that includes Amazon River, and it also has the largest rainforest in the world. Moreover, it presents a great biological diversity, both related to the fauna and flora, and microbiological. Microorganisms are responsible for most biogeochemical cycles that shape the terrestrial environment and the freshwater and marine ecosystems, and they can be widely exploited biotechnologically. It is estimated that less than 1% of all bacterial species is known due to our inability to simulate the environment in which they live. However, new techniques have allowed the study of these microorganisms. Through Metagenomics it is possible to study complex environmental samples without the need for isolation and individual cultivation of these organisms. For this purpose, the16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) is used in bacteria and archaea in order to study phylogeny and diversity. This sequence is used because it has been fairly maintained during the processes of biological evolution and it may serve as an indicator of how organisms are closely related. For these studies, this region was amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and cloned into vectors through the recombinant DNA technology, thus enabling the construction of 16S rRNA libraries. These libraries were then sequenced and the microorganisms were identified by comparison with databases. In this study it was used DNA extracted from Solimões River filtered water, in addition to water from other rivers and adjacent lakes, to the construction of libraries, in order to study the biodiversity through 16S rRNA analysis. In all libraries, phylum Proteobacteria was the most abundant, and most of the genera observed belong to the Betaproteobacteria class. The freshwater cosmopolitan taxa Candidatus Planktophila limnetica and Polynucleobacter were observed, as well as primary producers were represented by the genera Synechococcus and Cyanobium. Samples in which the construction of 16S rRNA libraries was possible for Archaea, the phylum Crenarchaeota was the most abundant in all libraries.
O uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação nas visitas escolares do centro de ciências de Araraquara: análise sobre a gincana tecnológica e investigativa de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-08)
Maruyama, José Antonio
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Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5287836991245906
This paper discusses the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Chemistry Technological and Investigative Gymkhana, activity of the Sciences Center of Araraquara, an UNESP science museum. The objectives of this study were to investigate the use of these resources in the activity, the conception of these participants on such use and contributions to the Teaching of Chemistry. The research subjects were museum visitors students and data collection was done through a questionnaire answered at the end of the visits. The data indicated the participation of students from public, private and SESI system during the period of analysis. It was observed that the computer is materialized as a cultural tool and is used by visitors during GTIQ to perform the action for resolution of the proposed activity. Also making use of the internet to search for information, visitors indicated appropriate of this resource as a mediator of the action. So we can suggest that the use of technological resources changes the relationship of the students with the chemical contents, since they showed more interested when using equipment to which they have affinity (cellular and computers). Another important factor to be noted is that the use of ICT makes the search for information more dynamic, which, in the view of visitors, facilitated research and become more motivating. ICTs used during GTIQ played motivational role, arousing the interest of visitors by subjects and drawing attention to the same themes. ICTs being used in a investigative approach encouraged the active participation of visitors. Technological resources used during the activities of the Gymkhana had their potential exploited, helping assisting visitors in the problems solving presented and stimulating the use of the Internet as a learning environment.
Estudo histomorfométrico da necrose em tecido hepático de ratos: terapia fotodinâmica combinada com ablação a laser e terapia fotodinâmica com o fotossensibilizador Luzitin®
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-08)
Rego, Raquel Ferreira
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2622028338048884
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is known to be limited to applications in large volume tumours due to its limited penetration. Therefore, the PDT with the Luzitin® photossensitizer as well as a combination of PDT and laser surgery may constitute a potential to destroy bulk tumors. Thus, with the aim of proposing a minimally invasive treatment protocol involving the application of PDT for large tumors, the present study analyzed histomorphometrically necrosis resulting from both a combination of a laser ablation with PDT as PDT with the photosensitizer Luzitin® (a bacteriochloryn synthetic with greater potential for penetration into biological tissue) in livers of healthy rats. In the first study, 87 animals were divided into 2 groups: CO2 laser and diode laser. Each of these groups were subdivided into six subgroups: 1) only laser ablation, 2) administered the PS and ablated with laser, 3) only PDT (drug and ligth), 4) drug and light (PDT) followed by laser ablation, 5) ) laser ablation followed by a PDT and 6) drug, followed by laser ablation and ligth. For each subgroup, three types of photosensitization were used: topical 5- aminilevunic acid (ALA), intravenous ALA and intravenous Photogem®. Thirty hours after the different treatments, the animals were sacrificed and the livers removed for the histological and morphometric study of necrosis. The results showed that the effects of treatment were considerably improved when PDT was used in combination with laser ablation. For the group CO2 laser, the average depth of necrosis obtained showed a minimum difference between the studied conditions for the group photosensitized Photogem® and with an increased depth of necrosis after the combined procedures in comparison with the isolated techniques for the subgroups fotossensibilizados with ALA, especially treatment with PDT was performed before ablation by CO2 laser. In the diode laser group, subgroups with better performance were those in which the ablation was performed before PDT using intravenous photosensitizers and ALA topic. From these results, it is suggested that PDT and laser ablation can synergistically in the treatment of large tumors. In the second study, sixteen normal male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 animals each. Initially, all groups were intravenously photosensitizated with 2 mg/kg or 2.6 mg/kg of the drug and after 12 hours, a 1cm2 of area, in the right abdominal region, corresponding to the liver, was irradiated during 22 minutes and 13 seconds or16 minutes and 40 seconds. Groups are described following: 1) control group: photosensitized with 2mg/kg, but untreated, 2) treated group 1: irradiated with light dose of 100J/cm2 after photosensitization with 2mg/kg of 12hs and 3) treated group 2: irradiated with light dose of 70J/cm2 and photosensitized with 2mg/kg of Luzitin®, 4) treated group 3: photosensitized with 2.6 mg/kg of the drug and irradiated with light dose of 70J/cm2 Animals were sacrificed 30 hours after irradiation, except the control group, which were sacrificed 42hs after drug administration. Livers were removed and prepared for histological analysis. Moreover, macroscopic aspects of liver were observed. Results showed significantly more extensive necrosis and greater severity in treated group 1. Data suggested that, among the conditions studied, light dose suitable for PDT treatment of photosensitized tissue by Luzitin® is 100J/cm2 and that 30% of reduction in this value produces decay in PDT response, even with proportional increase of drug concentration in the organism.
Oportunidades de aprendizagem organizacional na gestão de projetos: pesquisa-ação em uma empresa de engenharia consultiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-09)
Costa, Weslon Charles Ferreira
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1918314713540935
In recent years the possibility of incorporating the process of Learning Organizational (LO) during the life cycle of projects has been drawing the attention of scholars. However, there are few studies that analyze the subject in a practical and deeper way. The traditional studies try to consider and discuss the learning after the project more accurately due to its wide use in the business world. Nevertheless, the learning process may also occur during the projects when stimulated by mechanisms that systematize the externalization of knowledge and by means that encourage the sharing and the transference of them between projects team. Structured by means of a research action, this dissertation collaborate with the expansion of the knowledge about the subject investigating and improving actions that promote the practice of learning organizational during the development of projects in a medium-sized Consulting Engineering company from the civil construction sector located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. The actions are guided aiming to promote the transference of explicit knowledge (technical documents and reports), the reuse of the learning from their own experiences and past history (tacit knowledge) and the systematic problem solving. The implemented actions were incorporated in the procedures of the Quality Management System of the Company and, from trainings, observations and informal and formal evaluations (internal and external audits) it was possible to point opportunities of improvements to reinforce the process of organizational learning during the development of projects. The research revealed that the transference of knowledge generated in documents, reports and technical studies to other projects is not effective in organizational level, being a lot more employed among the project coordinators with more length of service that know a larger number of projects performed or ongoing. In the other hand, despite the tacit experiences developed by the people (own experiences), the learning occurs when the coordinator of a project compulsorily identifies and registers in a Project Execution Plan (PEP) the similar developed or developing contracts in the company, interrelating them with the people involved in these contracts. Following the process, the plan is disclosed to the team members of this coordinator, which consult those people. The generation of knowledge provided by the dynamic of systematic problem solving appears as incipient because, in the consulting engineering, a lot of factors hinder the capture of this knowledge in the form of register for later reuse. Among these factors it is possible to mention: difficulty in determining the categories of problems that comprehend all the projects, imposition of the clients not to generate registers, hesitancy of the project coordinators to externalize the problems of the projects and, as a result, their reputations.
Novos complexos de Ru(II) e Mg(II) com flavonóides : atividade tóxica, sítios ativos e mecanismos de ação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-09)
Oliveira, Regina Maria Mendes
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Carlos, Rose Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0972206150174877
The use of pesticides in agriculture, in order to enhance and ensure food production for a growing population has led to many concerns about risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, search for new strategies which seek a safer alternative is very important. With this aim, herein we describe new ruthenium(II) and magnesium(II) complexes containing phenanthroline and flavonoids (hesperidin, hesperetin, naringin or naringenin) ligand, These complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (C,H,N), atomic absorption and ESI-MS(+). The structures were investigated by computational calculation and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The complexes are stable in solid state, in most of the organic solvents tested and at various pH values. They are more hydrosoluble and liposoluble than the free flavonoides. The insecticidal activity bioassay against the leafcutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa demonstrated that the complexes show a delayed kill action. The activity of the Electrophorus electricus AChE enzyme was moderately inhibited by the Ru2+ complexes whereas the Mg2+ complexes were powerfull inhibitors only against AChE of Atta sexdens rubropilosa, indicating their high selectivity to insects. Further, the complexes are essentially non-toxic to the aquatic bacterium Vibrio fischeri and to human HeLa cells. The Mg2+ complexes presented unique properties: (i) in the electrochemical experiments in aqueous solution was observed the formation of a cyclic mechanism stable involving neutral, ionic and radical species; (ii) are better scavenger superoxide radical than the free flavonóides; (iii) presents a strong blue fluorescence. They act as an on/off fluorescent switch through the changing of the medium, solvents and pH. The fluorescence observed by confocal microscopy allowed to detect the high absorption of the magnesium complexes in the HeLa cells. Overall, the physicochemical and biological properties observed for Ru2+ and Mg2+ complexes opens new frontiers of application for these compounds in various areas of science such as agriculture, medicine, and optical materials.
Balanceamento da carga de um fluxo em múltiplos caminhos usando conceito de redes par-a-par
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-09)
Assumpção, Jorge Henrique de Barros
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Marcondes, César Augusto Cavalheiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4431183539132719
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2249229617904124
The Internet suffer an increased amount of traffic. This increase could affect the structure of computer networks generating packet losses and delays. This loss and delay stems from the packet flows that generate more traffic that particular path or subpath, can support. Given this situation we show in this paper a mechanism based on P2P that balances the load by using multiple paths along with the breaking of the flow in smaller streams. For this mechanism called P2P-Flow that can be implemented in OpenFlow. In our simulation we compare this mechanism with multicast and unicast in multiple scenarios. The contributions of this work are detailed in the idea P2PFlow and compared with the multicast and unicast topology in various scenarios.
Estudo do comportamento do centro de pressão no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-12)
Nora, Fernanda Grazielle da Silva Azevedo
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Costa, Paula Hentschel Lobo da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9083349298690934
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8031963003997806
Postural stability is an important ability of the human body in standing position as well as in dynamic activities like locomotion. It influences all motor and muscle aspects related to the execution of a motor task and is achieved by appropriate support conditions, coordinated muscle activity and proprioceptive information. The center of pressure behavior can be studied under different conditions, providing information on how the body reacts to postural instabilities. Thus the main purpose of this study is to propose a methodology for the study of the center of pressure behavior in order to evaluate static and dynamic equilibrium conditions of the human body. In order to achieve the goals, the structure of this thesis is composed of three studies. The equilibrium control during single leg ballet poses and the anticipatory postural adjustments prior to the first step in gait were discussed in the first and second study respectively. In the third study, methodological aspects were reviewed and a data processing standardization to study the center of pressure behavior during gait initiation was proposed. Dynamometry with force platforms was the measurement method used for all studies. The results allow to identify balance control strategies in ballet dancers and anticipatory postural adjustments existing during the transition from standing still to the cyclic gait steps. Some clinical applications of the results are presented and also directions for future studies.