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Olhares docentes sobre a inclusão escolar dos estudantes com deficiência na escola comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07) Costa, Vanderlei Balbino da; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9675106511430204
This study is the result of doctoral research entitled How Teachers see the school inclusion of students with disabilities in regular schools . It was held in public schools in a city in the central region of São Paulo state. The survey was conducted from 2009 to 2012 in five public schools of basic education. Our entry into this study was accompanied by two questions: from one side analyzes how teachers see the inclusion of students with disabilities who are enrolled in regular school, from the other side get to know how teachers understand about the occurrence of the inclusion in regular school. The theoretical reference on which we based to carry through this study was about issues such as: conception and background of the teachers, curriculum adaptations besides references that would enable is to analyze the discourses of the teachers who are working in elementary and high schools in São Paulo state. Our research question in this study was: how teachers see the school inclusion of students with disabilities enrolled in regular schools in different educational levels? The objectives of the study were: a) Identify how teachers see the school inclusion of students with disabilities included in the regular teaching in state schools for basic education; b) Analyze how they see the process for inclusion of these students; c) understand how the process has been occurring for inclusion in the perspective of teachers who teach classes to students with disabilities in different educational levels; d) Investigate whether the pedagogical practice of teachers working in basic education schools has contributed to the schools inclusion of students with disabilities in regular education. The methodological option was qualitative research whose investigative method was discourse analysis since our target of analysis were the discourse of teachers who are working in the public schools and teach students with disabilities. The results led is to reflect the need to invest in teacher training not only in the initial level, but also in continued education, because it was evident to is vehement necessity of training the teachers to teach students who are attending schools in various levels. Our considerations concerning this study are that if we do not invest in training teachers for initial and continued education, we will definitely find difficulties to promote the inclusion of all people, it doesn t matter whether they are disabled or not in the school premises.
Estudo do crescimento e automontagem de nanocristais coloidais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07) Dalmaschio, Cleocir José; Leite, Edson Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5209978120430790
In the last two decades a remarkable progress in nanomaterials knowledge has been done, mainly in the chemical synthesis of inorganic nanocrystals via colloidal processes. Several of these advances addressed the growth control of their organization structures and morphologies. Considering this perspective, this thesis presents the results of the crystal growth of gadolinium cerium oxide (CGO), as discussed in the first chapter of the results. In this system, the colloidal state effect on the growth mechanism by oriented attachment (OA) was evaluated. In the process of OA basically two approaches can be considered for growth. An associated effect of the collision of the particles mutually oriented that takes place in the dispersed colloidal state and other through attachment induced by rotation and alignment that was used for the growth of CGO, controlling the pH of the system. In this process CGO nanorods were attained during the hydrothermal processing of the colloidal suspension. In the second chapter of results, the crystal growth using an organic solvent was analyzed, in which a weakly flocculated colloidal state was achieved and led to the growth of TiO2 nanorods. The stability of nanorods was evaluated at different times of solvothermal treatment allowing the evaluation of the thermodynamic evolution of the structure. In this process, nanorods structures were divided into smaller structures by a detachment mechanism. By using the high resolution transmission electron microscopy technique the different stages of the process were evaluated, initially identifying formation mechanism by OA to growth the nanorods. Afterwards, a surface diffusion drives to a thermodynamically stable structure, followed by a detachment mechanism that leads to bipyramidal structures. Considering the two systems evaluated, it was concluded that by mastering the interparticle interactions it was possible to growth anisotropic structures, but their stability is constrained by the principles of thermodynamics. In order to control the self-assembly of nanocrystals, the third chapter of results presents the superlattices structures built with zirconium oxide colloidal nanocrystals. In this system, by using nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution and by controlling the interaction between the solvent and the organic molecule bound to the nanocrystals surface, self-assembled superlattices were attained. By controlling these interactions, compact structures were obtained resulting in single and multilayer. The results pointed out that the ability to organize nanocrystals into hierarchical structures, depends crucially on the ability to understand and control of the interparticle interactions.
Estudo do efeito isotópico sobre a solubilidade da 3- metilpiridina em H2O e D2O
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07) Prandi, Ingrid Guarnetti; Moura, André Farias de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0746428641961163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8269211997537944
Experimental studies of 3-methylpiridyne/water and 3- methylpiridyne/heavy water binary mixtures show solubility differences. In this work Molecular Dynamics method was used to simulate 54 model systems. Each system corresponds to a point at a temperature vs molar fractions phase diagram. The systems were simulated in cubic boxes containing a mixture of 3- metylpiridyne/water/heavy water in compositions ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 (molar fraction of 3-methylpiridyne) and temperatures ranging from 280 to 380 K. The results indicate that the interactions that contribute most for the 3-metilpiridine solubility in water and heavy water are the H/D bonds with the N at the 3- methylpiridyne. Those H/D bonds tend to be more structured as we increase the organic molecule concentration and decrease the system temperature. The local concentration analyses show that the first hydration shell of the nitrogen site has the same quantities of water and heavy water. Despite that there are more H bonds than D bonds at the first hydration shell. From this result we conclude that there are structural differences on the shell favoring the H bonds. The magnitude of those differences seems to vary with the temperature and the composition of the system. Our studies of H/D bonds lifetime show that there are not significant differences between the H and D bonds with the N site.
Coordenação do fluxo de produção por meio do uso combinado de práticas utilizadas na gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e de sistemas de coordenação de ordens puxados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07) Severino, Maico Roris; Godinho Filho, Moacir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
One of the biggest challenges faced by companies is the production flow coordination along the supply chain (SC) in which they operate. Thus, practices have been developed both in academic and business environments that are used in supply chain management (SCM) since the late 1980's that allows such coordination. For manufacturing flow management process within the plant of a single company, the knowledge about usage of ordering systems can be found in current literature. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to propose the use of the combined practices in SCM and pull ordering systems in SC. However, these ordering systems are seldom used for coordinating operations in SC, thus, can be assumed with a theoretical gap being exploited in terms of coordination mechanism of production flow in CS. The theoretical and empirical approach was used as methodological procedures. In terms of theory a bibliographic review was applied and was built a conceptual model. In terms empirical, was applied the conceptual model in a real case and was analyzed their consistence and result by simulation. A literature review was conducted to ensure the meaning of production flow coordination and SC and a detailed view of activities that theoretically ensures such coordination through the implementation of the Manufacturing Flow Management Process (MFMP). Based on this set of activities, a survey of the practices used in SCM and a conceptual analysis of contribution of with practice to the MFMP was performed. Meanwhile, another theoretical survey about pull ordering systems was performed with report analysis on the literature about the use of SC. Based on the elements that condone the use of each used practice in SCM and each pull ordering systems, a conceptual model of decision making for the combined use of both was designed. This model can help managers on decision making regarding the best practices and systems for each situation of pull systems. In order to validate the model a case study was performed in an automobile SC. The conceptual model was applied in two cases of the relationship with their suppliers and the impact on production flow coordination was analyzed through simulation. Based on the selected analysis variables there was an increase in the level of production flow management in all cases from the combined use of the practices compared to the previous case. To conclude it can be stated that through appropriate choices of combined use of practices used in SCM and pull ordering systems it is possible to achieve greater production flow coordination in SC.
Efeitos da incorporação de resíduos de espuma rígida de poliuretano em compostos poliméricos a base de polipropileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07) Pereira, Simone Fontana; Hage Júnior, Elias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
This research fits in the technological development area and is aimed to evaluate the effects of adding waste of rigid polyurethane foam in the polymeric compounds based on polypropylene. The results of this research will certainly contribute to finding a solution to the large volume of industrial wastes of rigid polyurethane foam that arise from the waste process of handling thermal insulation from the production of refrigerators and freezers. The analysis of the effects of adding scraps of rigid foam in polypropylene copolymer was made by evaluating the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the compounds when compared to the behavior of neat polypropylene. Moreover, the technique of Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to observe the microstructure of the final compound. The rigid polyurethane foam, after grinding, was incorporated into polypropylene by blending on the twin extruder and then the granulated materials obtained were injected to obtain the samples. In general, the compounds showed good processability in the experimental phase and looked good as can be seen in the SEM micrographs. The mechanical properties showed that the incorporation of PUR in PP copolymers promoted a brittle behavior in the compounds decreasing the main mechanical properties tested. However, the addition of the compatibilizing agent used, PP-g-MA helped in improving these properties. The use of PUR in polypropylene compounds brought advantages in terms of reducing waste disposal and thus has economic and environmental advantages and also viability in applications where high mechanical strength is not required.
Uso de modelos moleculares por alunos de ensino médio : contribuições para o desenvolvimento de modelos mentais de conceitos químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07) Oliveira, Ricardo Castro de; Ferreira, Luiz Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5250655473775276
This study aimed to analyze the contribution of molecular models to the evolution process of the mental models of first grade high school students regarding the following chemical concepts: substance, reactants, products, rearrangement, Proust s Law, Lavoisier s Law, balancing, stoichiometry and submicroscopic representation of chemical reactions. The project involved the participation of 335 students and 06 teachers from three public schools in the region of São Carlos/SP. Data collection was performed in two stages: the first one took place at the schools during the 2011, school year, and the other occurred during a short course offered for the students, in the vacation period, at the Laboratory for Chemistry Teaching and Learning (LENAQ) of the University Federal of São Carlos/SP. Activities that addressed the concepts mentioned were elaborated and each student had an Atomlig® molecular model kit and a plastic balance that could be used to help solving the questions. Data were collected through written records, interviews and filming. It was found that most students (47.2%) showed a significant evolution of the mental models for the selected chemical concepts. A considerable portion (45.1%) showed an oscillation with respect to understanding of the concepts, while some students (7.4%) kept a constant performance and a minority (0.3%) showed a regression throughout the school year. The data allowed us to infer that, in general, students showed evidence of significant learning during the short course, highlighting the relevance of molecular models to the evolution process of student s mental models.