Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2012-12-07"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 18445

Olhares docentes sobre a inclusão escolar dos estudantes com deficiência na escola comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07)
Costa, Vanderlei Balbino da
;
Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9675106511430204
This study is the result of doctoral research entitled How Teachers see the school inclusion of students with disabilities in regular schools . It was held in public schools in a city in the central region of São Paulo state. The survey was conducted from 2009 to 2012 in five public schools of basic education. Our entry into this study was accompanied by two questions: from one side analyzes how teachers see the inclusion of students with disabilities who are enrolled in regular school, from the other side get to know how teachers understand about the occurrence of the inclusion in regular school. The theoretical reference on which we based to carry through this study was about issues such as: conception and background of the teachers, curriculum adaptations besides references that would enable is to analyze the discourses of the teachers who are working in elementary and high schools in São Paulo state. Our research question in this study was: how teachers see the school inclusion of students with disabilities enrolled in regular schools in different educational levels? The objectives of the study were: a) Identify how teachers see the school inclusion of students with disabilities included in the regular teaching in state schools for basic education; b) Analyze how they see the process for inclusion of these students; c) understand how the process has been occurring for inclusion in the perspective of teachers who teach classes to students with disabilities in different educational levels; d) Investigate whether the pedagogical practice of teachers working in basic education schools has contributed to the schools inclusion of students with disabilities in regular education. The methodological option was qualitative research whose investigative method was discourse analysis since our target of analysis were the discourse of teachers who are working in the public schools and teach students with disabilities. The results led is to reflect the need to invest in teacher training not only in the initial level, but also in continued education, because it was evident to is vehement necessity of training the teachers to teach students who are attending schools in various levels. Our considerations concerning this study are that if we do not invest in training teachers for initial and continued education, we will definitely find difficulties to promote the inclusion of all people, it doesn t matter whether they are disabled or not in the school premises.
Uso de modelos moleculares por alunos de ensino médio : contribuições para o desenvolvimento de modelos mentais de conceitos químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07)
Oliveira, Ricardo Castro de
;
Ferreira, Luiz Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5250655473775276
This study aimed to analyze the contribution of molecular models to the evolution process of the mental models of first grade high school students regarding the following chemical concepts: substance, reactants, products, rearrangement, Proust s Law, Lavoisier s Law, balancing, stoichiometry and submicroscopic representation of chemical reactions. The project involved the participation of 335 students and 06 teachers from three public schools in the region of São Carlos/SP. Data collection was performed in two stages: the first one took place at the schools during the 2011, school year, and the other occurred during a short course offered for the students, in the vacation period, at the Laboratory for Chemistry Teaching and Learning (LENAQ) of the University Federal of São Carlos/SP. Activities that addressed the concepts mentioned were elaborated and each student had an Atomlig® molecular model kit and a plastic balance that could be used to help solving the questions. Data were collected through written records, interviews and filming. It was found that most students (47.2%) showed a significant evolution of the mental models for the selected chemical concepts. A considerable portion (45.1%) showed an oscillation with respect to understanding of the concepts, while some students (7.4%) kept a constant performance and a minority (0.3%) showed a regression throughout the school year. The data allowed us to infer that, in general, students showed evidence of significant learning during the short course, highlighting the relevance of molecular models to the evolution process of student s mental models.
Estudo do crescimento e automontagem de nanocristais coloidais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07)
Dalmaschio, Cleocir José
;
Leite, Edson Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5209978120430790
In the last two decades a remarkable progress in nanomaterials knowledge has been done, mainly in the chemical synthesis of inorganic nanocrystals via colloidal processes. Several of these advances addressed the growth control of their organization structures and morphologies. Considering this perspective, this thesis presents the results of the crystal growth of gadolinium cerium oxide (CGO), as discussed in the first chapter of the results. In this system, the colloidal state effect on the growth mechanism by oriented attachment (OA) was evaluated. In the process of OA basically two approaches can be considered for growth. An associated effect of the collision of the particles mutually oriented that takes place in the dispersed colloidal state and other through attachment induced by rotation and alignment that was used for the growth of CGO, controlling the pH of the system. In this process CGO nanorods were attained during the hydrothermal processing of the colloidal suspension. In the second chapter of results, the crystal growth using an organic solvent was analyzed, in which a weakly flocculated colloidal state was achieved and led to the growth of TiO2 nanorods. The stability of nanorods was evaluated at different times of solvothermal treatment allowing the evaluation of the thermodynamic evolution of the structure. In this process, nanorods structures were divided into smaller structures by a detachment mechanism. By using the high resolution transmission electron microscopy technique the different stages of the process were evaluated, initially identifying formation mechanism by OA to growth the nanorods. Afterwards, a surface diffusion drives to a thermodynamically stable structure, followed by a detachment mechanism that leads to bipyramidal structures. Considering the two systems evaluated, it was concluded that by mastering the interparticle interactions it was possible to growth anisotropic structures, but their stability is constrained by the principles of thermodynamics. In order to control the self-assembly of nanocrystals, the third chapter of results presents the superlattices structures built with zirconium oxide colloidal nanocrystals. In this system, by using nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution and by controlling the interaction between the solvent and the organic molecule bound to the nanocrystals surface, self-assembled superlattices were attained. By controlling these interactions, compact structures were obtained resulting in single and multilayer. The results pointed out that the ability to organize nanocrystals into hierarchical structures, depends crucially on the ability to understand and control of the interparticle interactions.
Efeitos da incorporação de resíduos de espuma rígida de poliuretano em compostos poliméricos a base de polipropileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07)
Pereira, Simone Fontana
;
Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
This research fits in the technological development area and is aimed to evaluate the effects of adding waste of rigid polyurethane foam in the polymeric compounds based on polypropylene. The results of this research will certainly contribute to finding a solution to the large volume of industrial wastes of rigid polyurethane foam that arise from the waste process of handling thermal insulation from the production of refrigerators and freezers. The analysis of the effects of adding scraps of rigid foam in polypropylene copolymer was made by evaluating the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the compounds when compared to the behavior of neat polypropylene. Moreover, the technique of Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to observe the microstructure of the final compound. The rigid polyurethane foam, after grinding, was incorporated into polypropylene by blending on the twin extruder and then the granulated materials obtained were injected to obtain the samples. In general, the compounds showed good processability in the experimental phase and looked good as can be seen in the SEM micrographs. The mechanical properties showed that the incorporation of PUR in PP copolymers promoted a brittle behavior in the compounds decreasing the main mechanical properties tested. However, the addition of the compatibilizing agent used, PP-g-MA helped in improving these properties. The use of PUR in polypropylene compounds brought advantages in terms of reducing waste disposal and thus has economic and environmental advantages and also viability in applications where high mechanical strength is not required.
Coordenação do fluxo de produção por meio do uso combinado de práticas utilizadas na gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e de sistemas de coordenação de ordens puxados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07)
Severino, Maico Roris
;
Godinho Filho, Moacir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
One of the biggest challenges faced by companies is the production flow coordination along the supply chain (SC) in which they operate. Thus, practices have been developed both in academic and business environments that are used in supply chain management (SCM) since the late 1980's that allows such coordination. For manufacturing flow management process within the plant of a single company, the knowledge about usage of ordering systems can be found in current literature. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to propose the use of the combined practices in SCM and pull ordering systems in SC. However, these ordering systems are seldom used for coordinating operations in SC, thus, can be assumed with a theoretical gap being exploited in terms of coordination mechanism of production flow in CS. The theoretical and empirical approach was used as methodological procedures. In terms of theory a bibliographic review was applied and was built a conceptual model. In terms empirical, was applied the conceptual model in a real case and was analyzed their consistence and result by simulation. A literature review was conducted to ensure the meaning of production flow coordination and SC and a detailed view of activities that theoretically ensures such coordination through the implementation of the Manufacturing Flow Management Process (MFMP). Based on this set of activities, a survey of the practices used in SCM and a conceptual analysis of contribution of with practice to the MFMP was performed. Meanwhile, another theoretical survey about pull ordering systems was performed with report analysis on the literature about the use of SC. Based on the elements that condone the use of each used practice in SCM and each pull ordering systems, a conceptual model of decision making for the combined use of both was designed. This model can help managers on decision making regarding the best practices and systems for each situation of pull systems. In order to validate the model a case study was performed in an automobile SC. The conceptual model was applied in two cases of the relationship with their suppliers and the impact on production flow coordination was analyzed through simulation. Based on the selected analysis variables there was an increase in the level of production flow management in all cases from the combined use of the practices compared to the previous case. To conclude it can be stated that through appropriate choices of combined use of practices used in SCM and pull ordering systems it is possible to achieve greater production flow coordination in SC.
Estudo do efeito isotópico sobre a solubilidade da 3- metilpiridina em H2O e D2O
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-07)
Prandi, Ingrid Guarnetti
;
Moura, André Farias de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0746428641961163
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8269211997537944
Experimental studies of 3-methylpiridyne/water and 3- methylpiridyne/heavy water binary mixtures show solubility differences. In this work Molecular Dynamics method was used to simulate 54 model systems. Each system corresponds to a point at a temperature vs molar fractions phase diagram. The systems were simulated in cubic boxes containing a mixture of 3- metylpiridyne/water/heavy water in compositions ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 (molar fraction of 3-methylpiridyne) and temperatures ranging from 280 to 380 K. The results indicate that the interactions that contribute most for the 3-metilpiridine solubility in water and heavy water are the H/D bonds with the N at the 3- methylpiridyne. Those H/D bonds tend to be more structured as we increase the organic molecule concentration and decrease the system temperature. The local concentration analyses show that the first hydration shell of the nitrogen site has the same quantities of water and heavy water. Despite that there are more H bonds than D bonds at the first hydration shell. From this result we conclude that there are structural differences on the shell favoring the H bonds. The magnitude of those differences seems to vary with the temperature and the composition of the system. Our studies of H/D bonds lifetime show that there are not significant differences between the H and D bonds with the N site.
O conhecimento matemático na educação infantil: o movimento de um grupo de professoras em processo de formação continuada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-08)
Azevedo, Priscila Domingues de
;
Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0544842819862603
This research investigated what are the mathematical and methodological knowledge produced, recognized and redefined by teachers of childhood education, when they gather in a study group about mathematics education in childhood; and what are the signs of professional development manifested by the participants of the group in the process of continuing training. The objectives were: to analyse the formative processes of constitution and maintenance of the GEOOM group; to highlight the learning process that started from within the group; and identify the production, recognition and ressignification of the mathematical and methodological knowledge revealed in the oral and written narratives. This is a survey of qualitative nature that, through the analysis of content, followed the process of setting up and maintaining a group in which 39 childhood education teachers of the municipal network of São Carlos/SP met and lived - in moments and spaces of time not always coincident - for five semesters. The empirical materials were built from the reflexive narratives (oral and written) produced by the teachers, the reflective journal from the trainer-researcher and questionnaires (initial and final) answered by the teachers. From the data, the following aspects were identified: the conceptions of child education and mathematical education of teachers participant in the group; methodological approaches resized by the teachers in the process of formation in the group; the mathematical knowledge that are workable from games, children's stories and situations problems; the aspects of collaborative learning that occurred in the group; and the group blog as a means of socialization of the knowledge produced. The theoretical framework was sustained by the studies of Barbosa and Faria, Kishimoto and Grando, Van de Walle and Moura, Imbernón, Hargreaves, Ponte, Day, Fiorentini, among others. The mutual help between the involved and the relationship of trust established in the group wasn t enough for allowing, in a more spontaneous way, the negotiation of meanings and the exchange of mathematical ideas. The university-school partnership in decisionmaking was expected by the teachers as a way to validate their teaching practice.
Aprendizagem relacional, comportamento simbólico e ensino de leitura a pessoas com transtornos do espectro do autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-08)
Gomes, Camila Graciella Santos
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2060252495001734
The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate relevant variables to relational learning and the emergence of symbolic behavior in people with autism, in the teaching of reading. Were conducted three studies that are independent and yet complementary. Chapter 1 describes a study that evaluated the performance of forty participants with autism and forty with intellectual disabilities in identity matching-to-sample task, in the typical organization (one model and three comparisons) and in the organization with more than one model (three models and three comparisons), in two forms of presentation that needed different response modes: on tabletop and by computer. The general results of the participants indicated better performance in the organization with more than one model, in paper and in computer. Chapter 2 presents a study that aimed to teach basic reading skills to five participants with autism (four speakers and one nonspeaker), from the teaching of arbitrary relations among pictures and printed words, using adapted matching-to-sample task. Participants learned basic reading skills, but not showed combinatorial reading. Chapter 3 presents a study designed to teach combinatorial reading with comprehension for three participants with autism, from the teaching of naming syllables, words, pictures, and the formation of stimulus equivalence classes. Participants learned combinatorial reading with comprehension, with few training sessions and low numbers of errors during the teaching. The set of studies indicate the possibility of symbolic learning by people with autism since appropriate teaching procedures are used.
Estudo de metabólitos secundários de Ruta graveolens como inibidores da fotossíntese
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-09)
Sampaio, Olívia Moreira
;
Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8847442455142802
In this work were isolated eighteen secondary metabolites from Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae), eleven alkaloids (five akridonic, five quinolinics and one quinolonic) and seven furanocoumarins. Thirteen compounds had their herbicide potential evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory activity of photosynthesis in vitro was determined by Hill reaction and the active compounds were classified as inhibitors of electron transport and the mechanisms of action were located in the photosystems (PSI and PSII). Studies of chlorophyll a fluorescence in leaf discs of S. oreaceae (semi in vivo) and in plants Lolium pereni (in vivo) confirm the electron transport results. The quantitative analysis parameters of fluorescence`s kinetics were measured and evaluated by energy flows absorbed by PSII antenna system, energy used for QA reduction, energy used for electron transport, and energy dissipation of flow as heat, fluorescence or transferred to other photosystems. In fluorescence in leaf disk, the Plabs parameter showed a decrease of 70% at concentration of 150μM, indicating a stress on the photosynthetic apparatus. Evaluating other parameters, were observed reductions in the PSI0, PHI(E0) and ET0/CS0 and ET0/RC of 40%, 40%, 60% and 40% at 150μM respectively, showing that at low concentrations the effect is intensified for the substance 2-nonyl-N-methyl-4- quinoline. Tests were performed by dry biomass, and the substance 4-methoxy- 7H-furo [3,2-g] chromene-7-one (bergapten) inhibited the growth of grass l. pereni in 20 and 23% at concentrations of 150 and 300μM, acting as postemergent herbicide. The isolated and evaluated compounds can be used as bioherbicides directly or as prototypes of new herbicides for weed control.
Percepções sobre mudanças climáticas entre os Baré no alto Rio Negro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-10)
Ramos, Claudiane de Menezes
;
Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7776410206386771
General ly, the debates about climate change are treat ies between the high polit ical, economic and academic classes, without taking into account the most vulnerable social groups, such as indigenous groups. The possible impacts of these changes in biodiversity, as wel l as other points of analysis, are already not only mea surable, but also perceived by dif ferent populat ions. This study presents the percept ion about climate change among the Indians Baré in Tabocal dos Pereira, indigenous community located in São Gabriel da Cachoei ra city, in the black River , Amazonas State. The work took the quali tat ive methodology with ethnographic focus. Important percept ions regarding climate change were highl ighted, concluding that today the theme cl imate is presented in the Baré culture.
Presença de Agostinho na tese de Tomás de Aquino sobre o conhecimento humano: a primeira parte da suma de teologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-10)
Berger, André de Deus
;
Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6475768126134000
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4857035914131555
On essaye ici d esquisser comment Thomas d Aquin propose interpréter la philosophie d Augustin pendant il présente sa théorie de la connaissance humaine dans la première partie de la Somme de théologie. La dispute de laquelle découle cette théorie thomasienne a son origine dans des diverses interprétations de la Physique et de la Métaphysique d Aristote introduites par des neufs traductions de ces textes qui ont été produites à partir du XIIème siècle chez l Europe. On se demandait alors sur la possibilité de la connaissance intellectuelle du sensible au même temps qu on poursuivait le problème de savoir s il est possible de soutenir l existence d une relation entre des choses qu existent de façons diverses, à savoir, l intellect de l homme, lequel est quelque chose d immatériel et prédisposé à la universalité, et les sensibles, lesquels sont appréhendés par les sens comme choses matérielles et singulières. Dans sa réponse, Thomas d Aquin offre la thèse selon laquelle c est possible pour l intellect de l homme, lequel, si bien que sans matière, est aussi uni avec un corps matériel et singulier, connaitre les natures (immatérielles et universelles) des choses sensibles (matérielles et singulières). Selon Thomas, la connaissance humaine a son début avec la réception des formes des choses matérielles, laquelle se déroule suivant deux étapes diverses selon lesquelles nous avons, en premier lieu, la appréhension du « sensible » et, puis, la appréhension du « intelligible ». C est la majeure ou la mineure proximité de la matière qui serait la plus important mesure de cette distinction : la connaissance sensible c est l appréhension des choses matérielles par moyen de la modification des organes du corps et travers laquelle la forme est appréhendée mélangée avec la matière. La connaissance intellectuelle, cependant, ne s utilise pas de aucun organe corporel et, par conséquence, est absolument immatérielle. Dans cette thèse on présuppose la nécessité de l existence d une relation entre la connaissance sensible et la connaissance intellectuelle pour que la connaissance intellectuelle de la chose matérielle soit devenue possible. C est ainsi que, selon Thomas, les sens produisent dans le sujet qui connait une similitude sensible qui représente la chose matérielle avant que la forme intellectuelle de la chose soit elle-même produite. Cette similitude sensible serait le point de début de la production intellectuelle d une seconde similitude, intellectuelle, décrite par Thomas comme ce par quoi la nature de la chose matérielle est connue. La première similitude, sensible, a été appelée « phantasme », l autre, intellectuelle, l « espèce intelligible », et le producteur de celle-ci, l « intellect agent ». Dans ce travail on propose déchiffrer la fonction de chacun de ces éléments qui composent cette théorie de Thomas aussi comme les relations que cette argumentation soutienne maintenir avec la philosophie d Augustin. Dans ce procès, on verra d une façon surprenante l évêque d Hippone être présenté par Thomas comme un partisan d Aristote contraire à des thèses attribuées, dans une formulation très générale, bien à Platon (auquel Avicenne est ajouté), bien aux philosophes présocratiques.
Avaliação de serviços do SIBI-São Carlos: Um estudo de caso com utilização do método LIBQUAL+
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-10)
Pinto, Euzébio Luiz
;
Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1519114305058373
ABSTRACT Between March and May 2012, a quality assessment was carried out in two public libraries and one school-community library of the São Carlos Library System (SIBI-SC), by surveying the perception of their readers about the service provided and infrastructural aspects, using the LIBQUAL+® tool and semi-open interview techniques – including a type of approach based on questions from the Benevox® software, used in the Quality Assessment Program of USP libraries (PAQ-USP). This research was motivated by the demand from SIBISC – verified by the author of this work – to carry out a careful evaluation of the services and infrastructure of its libraries and to gain a deeper understanding of the public's perception of their services, as well as to assess the performance of LIBQUAL+® in relation to an audience – that of Brazilian public libraries – that is much more diverse than that of university and public libraries in countries with a greater tradition of reading (such as the USA and European countries) that the applications of that instrument present in the scientific literature normally involve. This study was guided by the theoretical framework – existing in the field of Service Assessment in Information Units – which is based on the research that Parasuraman and his team have developed since 1985 – which focuses on service assessment from the perspective of readers’ perceptions – and the development, by this team, of the SERVQUAL assessment instrument, with the adaptation of this instrument, carried out by the Association of Research Libraries and Texas A&M University, resulting in the creation of LIBQUAL+® - an assessment method specifically designed for libraries. The analysis of the data generated highlighted the need for several improvements related to information control (including investments in electronic resources and renewal of collections) and library infrastructure; on the other hand, it showed a good public perception of the services provided by these libraries. One of the public libraries, Euclides da Cunha, stood out for its excellent service performance and for the praise for its infrastructure, considered to be of superior quality to that of the other libraries evaluated. However, the context of the fieldwork revealed limitations related to LIBQUAL+® - both in terms of the difficulties in applying it to the public and in the survey of specific aspects of libraries that the instrument was unable to cover, which were complemented by qualitative data generated by semi-open interviews. The use of such interviews, associated with the statistical analysis of the qualitative data generated - made possible through the indexing process - allowed the dimensions of library evaluation considered by LIBQUAL+® to be approached in a more comprehensive manner, opening up the possibility for the development and use of new techniques for evaluating services in information units.
Elaboração de um processo de teste com base em um estudo de caso real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-10)
Camargo, Kamilla Gomes
;
Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1294928190136566
Small companies face barriers to either implement or enhance their software testing processes due to the lack of experts in testing, the lack of resources and difficulties to adapt testing-related maturity models to a particular context. The goal of this research is devising a strategy that can be applied by software companies to the definition of testing processes, or even to the enhancement of the current company s process. The strategy for the definition of testing processes has been built upon the results of a case study of a small software development company. In such case study, we have characterized the company s current testing process and, based on it, we have devised a new process that relies both on the TMMi reference model and on the results of a survey that has gathered the opinion of professionals in software testing. The three main contributions of this research are: (i) a reduced test process model as a result of the mentioned survey; (ii) a newly devised testing process for the case company; and (iii) a strategy for the definition of testing processes devised from the case study, which is based on the TMMi reference model and on the opinion of software testing professionals. The sequence of steps performed in the case study enabled us to establish a testing process that takes into consideration the TMMi model and other company s particularities, thus resulting in a process whose focus is on quality. Performing such steps enables the company to evaluate and enhance its testing process whenever required.
Continuidade de painéis de laje alveolar em edifícios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-10)
Camillo, Carolina Alvares
;
Carvalho, Roberto Chust
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0144410623329854
The floors consist of hollow core slabs are being increasingly used in Brazil, because it can overcome large spans, have a low self-weight, allow fast assembly, require no shoring in many situations and are more economical than other solutions. These floors are normally designed for ease of implementation, so that the slabs act as simply supported, without continuity. This work presents a roadmap of calculation and verification based on known theoretical models and tests already carried out considering that the hollow core slabs of pavement work as continuous. This continuity is made by adding passive reinforcement in the topping region. The calculation procedures are also detailed for the situations in which there are alternate accidental actions, as well as the situation in which there are concentrated mobile loads acting on the floor. Numerical examples comparative considering continuity with the situation simply supported show what can be achieved: the active reinforcement economy, increasing the value of accidental load and checks excessive deformation that is not checked on a system simply supported. Some situations are also pointed in which the consideration of continuity fails to bring great advantage. In all the examples developed are shown the details required to perform continuity. Every calculation methodology is based on Brazilian codes and should be noted that the calculations are done considering the simultaneous loss of prestressing. At the end of the work are proposed studies that may be performed to improve understanding of the behavior of pavements with continuous hollow core slabs.
Avaliação da memória emocional em camundongos: efeito da injeção de midazolam na substância cinzenta periaquedutal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-10)
Pereira, Barbara Caetano
;
Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4238584642277840
Several studies have shown that benzodiazepines (BDZ) in periaqueductal gray (PAG) can produce anxiolytic-like effects in different animal models of anxiety. In addition, BDZ drugs also impair learning and memory performance in rodents. Despite the known role of PAG in modulated defensive behaviors in animal models, little is known about its role in modulated of emotional memory. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of midazolam, injected into the PAG, on the acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of aversive memory. For this, we used male mice of the Swiss-Albino weighing between 25-30g (n=7-11). After stereotactic surgery with implantation of a cannula in the PAG, the animals on the test day were divided into three experiments for later exposed to the test "step-down" (SD), as follows: Experiment 1, intra-PAG with saline and midazolam (MDZ) at doses of 3.0 and 30 nmol/0.1μl, in condition of pre-training to evaluate the acquisition of aversive memory; Experiment 2 was like Experiment 1, except for the condition of the injection pretest to evaluate the retrieval of aversive memory; Experiment 3 was like Experiment 1, except for the condition of injection post training to evaluate the consolidation of aversive memory. The animals were trained in the inhibitory avoidance task that was to distributed the animals into two groups: N/Sh - without exposure to shock, W/Sh - with exposed to shock (0.5 mA) for 10 seconds, to record the latency of descent (L1). Twenty-four hours later, each animal was exposed again on SD to record latency (L2), but without shock. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) of three factors (Factor 1: condition; Factor 2: pre-treatment Factor 3: treatment) for L1 and L2. The results showed that there was an increase of L2 after exposure of mice to SD without shock, confirming that the aversive stimulus (shock) was strong enough to promote facilitation of aversive memory. The two doses (3.0 and 30 nmol) of MDZ intra-PAG decreased the risk assessment of mice, characterized by the fast descent of the platform in L1. This result suggests that GABAbenzodiazepine agonist impaired the acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of aversive memory in mice. Taken together, these results suggest that GABAA receptors within PAG seem to modulate the response related to aversive memory induced by shock.
Soldagem por fricção e mistura da liga de alumínio AA2198-T851 em chapas de diferentes espessuras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-11)
Moroz, Ivan
;
Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9333116945972420
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process, conceived in 1991, has been the target of research in the last decades due to the excellent properties presented by its welded joints, favored by the fact of occurrence in the solid state, and easiness of application, enabling several weld geometries. In particular, metal alloys with low melting points, in which conventional methods of welding (based in fusion) are hard to apply, have been benefited by this method, with large application in automobilist and aerospace industrial sectors. These branches enterprises are interested in determining the set of parameters that will yield the best mechanical properties, before utilizing FSW in commercial scale. With this objective in mind, this work aimed at optimizing the FSW parameters in the Aluminum Alloy 2198-T851, considering geometry of plates of different thicknesses (tailor welded blanks configuration). Due to the asymmetric characteristic of the welded joints, welding parameters related to positioning of the welding tool (welding angles and pin offset) were varied, in two groups of plates of different thicknesses: 4.2-3.5 milimeters, and 4.2-2.5 milimeters. Results obtained from macro and microstructural characterization (optical microscopy), tension tests and microhardness analyses were considered as criteria for determining the best quality welds. After the analysis of these results and correlation with related literature, it was concluded that the proposed variation in welding parameters affects the flux of material in the welded joint, possibly leading to formation of defects, causing a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties. Nevertheless, welds with mechanical properties equal to or superior to the base metal were obtained (except for elongation values), especially in relation to yield stress values, of capital importance in industrial sectors associated with high security demands, such as automobilist and aerospace.
Eventos de produção de texto em sala de aula: em busca do primado da palavra outra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-11)
Sacoman, Kelly Cristina Bognar
;
Brito, Maria Isabel de Moura
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8256580370732983
This work is an investigation about the texts productions written by children of the second year of elementary school in a public school located in the city of Bauru, in order to seek in the process of construction of the sense of the texts the singularities that point to the relation of the word itself with the word another. To this end, we based ourselves on the theory and design of language of Mikhail Bakhtin, as well as on the ponziana and geraldiana theories with respect to the enunciative treaty of language. In this context, we aimed to understand how occurred the literacy process in what circumscribes the practices of texts production and reading, as well as investigate the conceptions of subject that underlie the different practices of reading and writing in literacy. In addition, we conceive the production practice of written text as a discursive activity that correlates sense (implied) and situation (life) in a unique and singular event. We had as goal, also, think about the senses and subject formation processes in the production of language. With basis on the investigative principles of indiciary paradigm and the methodological reflections in Bakhtin Humanities, we try to highlight in a written narrative production, namely, the children's tale Little Red Riding Hood, how the child assumes a active responsive position on its re-telling. In the narrated discourse there are displacement movements that point to a emotive-valuation work, in which stands out the uniqueness of the child; in the meeting between reported word and word that reports, the child's production is characterized as a translation work.
Estudos citogenéticos clássicos e moleculares em espécies do gênero Harttia (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), com enfoque no papel dos DNAs repetitivos na evolução cariotípica do grupo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-11)
Blanco, Daniel Rodrigues
;
Moreira Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8998670968329882
Among the Siluriformes, the Loricariidae family is the most numerous, containing approximately 800 species distributed in approximately 100 genera (Eschmeyer & Fricke 2012). Loricariidae is subdivided into six subfamilies: Lithogeninae, Neoplecostominae, Hypoptopomatinae, Loricariinae, Delturinae and Hypostominae. Harttia is a small genus of the Loricariinae subfamily that includes the fish popularly known as armored catfish. Members of this subfamily are characterized by a long and depressed caudal peduncle, the absence of adipose fin, caudal fin emarginated and large bony plates surrounding the anal papilla. They inhabit specific regions of the rivers and streams, and form small semi-isolated populations because they have not migratory habits. In this genus are described nineteen species, of which seventeen are allocated in Brazilian basins, however only a few species had been analyzed by cytogenetic methods. Thus this work characterized, by conventional (Giemsa, C-banding and Ag-NOR) and molecular cytogenetics methods (hybridizations with 5S rDNA, 18S rDNA, [GATA]n, [TTAGGG]n, Rex1, Rex3 and Rex6 probes), 7 species of Harttia: H.kronei, H.gracilis, H.longipinna, H punctata, H. loricariformis, H. torrenticola and H. carvalhoi. This paper presents the first chromosomal description for the species: H. gracilis, H. longipinna, H. punctata and H. torrenticola. The chromosome data obtained allowed to infer that the sex chromosome system XX/XY1Y2, found in H. carvalhoi, originated from a centric fission event of a metacentric chromosome formed by a fusion event occurred before the diversification of the clade formed by H. carvalhoi and H. torrenticola. In the chromosomal analysis of a population of H. longipinna was verified up to 2 micro B chromosomes. The data obtained enabled the detection and characterization of the sex chromosome system X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y in H. punctata possibly caused by a translocation event between the first two acrocentric pairs, chromosomes that carrying the 5S and 18S rDNA sites. The hybridizations with the Rex1, Rex3 and Rex6 retroelements showed that these elements are highly dispersed in the genome of the species VIII analyzed, both in heterochromatic regions as euchromatic regions. Although transposable elements are often associated with chromosomal rearrangements due to its ability to move in the genome, for the species of the Harttia, the accumulation of Rex sequences can not be correlated to chromosomal rearrangements. It is likely that these sequences can have an activity in gene regulation since it was found in large quantities in euchromatic regions. The data regarding biological aspects of Harttia allow infer that the restriction of gene flow brought about by isolation of the watersheds may have contributed to the fixation of the chromosomal rearrangements among the analyzed species. The great chromosomal diversity, here represented by: (i) different diploid numbers and karyotype formulas found between different species analyzed, (ii) for the presence of supernumerary chromosomes in H. longipinna and multiple sex chromosomes systems found in H. carvalhoi and H. punctata, (iii) alocation differentiated of the sites of 5S and 18S rDNA, makes the Harttia genus an excellent model for studies of chromosomal evolution.
Efeitos agudos do exercício resistido sobre marcadores da resposta inflamatória e imune
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-11)
Pereira, Guilherme Borges
;
Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0159911069166581
The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effects of resistance training (RT) on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes apoptosis (annexin V+) and migration (CX3CR1). Twelve subjects performed two RT sessions (3 sets of 9 exercises) with 1 min (Hyper-1) and 3 min (Hyper-3) of rest-interval length between sets and exercises. CD4+ and CD8+ cells count displayed no change following Hyper-1 and Hyper-3 (p > 0.05). There was an increase in the percentage of CD4+ positive for annexin V+ and CX3CR1+ immediately after and 24 h post Hyper-1 (p < 0.05). Percentage of CD4+ positive for annexin V+ increased 2 and 24 h post Hyper- 3, and decreased after CX3CR1+ for the same time-points (p < 0.05). There was an increase in CD8+ positive for annexin V+ and CX3CR1+ immediately after, 2 and 24 h post Hyper-1 and Hyper-3 (p < 0.05), while no differences were found between Hyper-1 and Hyper-3 (p > 0.05). Acute RT increase the apoptosis and migration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes even 24 h after exercise, with minimal effects of restinterval length.
Análise de conceito e validação de conteúdo de risco de lesão do trato urinário : proposta de diagnóstico de enfermagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-12)
Garbuio, Danielle Cristina
;
Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7061695887454420
The catheterization is a procedure common in hospitalized patients, which are mostly performed by professional nurses. However, it´s not a risk-free procedure, and for this reason, is necessary that the nurse, know the risk factors that may lead to a possible injury to the urinary tract. Considering the difficulty in selecting a nursing diagnosis that addresses fully the risk of patients using these catheters the aim of this study was to develop, propose and validate risk of injury to the urinary tract as a nursing diagnosis. The methodological approach was divided into three stages: concept analysis of urinary tract injury, preparation of the proposed nursing diagnosis and validation of this proposal by a group of experts. The concept analysis was developed using the Evolutionary Method of Rodgers. A search in the databases LILACS, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PubMed was performed by combining descriptors controlled and uncontrolled. The final sample was composed of 21 selected articles and a book chapter. Each text was read in its entirety first and then looking for attributes of the concept, related concepts, terms and substitutes contextual bases interdisciplinary, socio-cultural antecedents and consequences. The findings of this analysis were organized to prepare the elements of nursing diagnosis proposed, considering the seven axes of NANDA´s Taxonomy II. These elements were organized in an instrument that was sent to experts for content validation diagnosis. The concept analysis found that urinary tract injury is a term used in reference to damages, whether traumatic, inflammatory or infectious, affecting the lower urinary system as a result of an injury that can be attributed to several factors, but mainly the urinary catheters. The major complications identified through the attributes of the concept were: urinary tract infection, false passage, pain, urethral fistula, stricture, inability or difficulty urinating, mucosal irritation, bladder and urethral erosion, laceration of the canal, bladder and urethra , tissue necrosis and bladder spasms. The main risk factors identified from the background to the concept were: advanced age, urologic variations, latex allergy, constipation, inadequate fluid intake, obesity, anatomic variations of the pelvic organs, cognitive impairment, confusion, sedation, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, spinal cord injury, long time of bladder catheterization, catheter poorly lubricated at the time of insertion, lack of care in handling the catheter, difficulty inserting and removing the catheter, catheter obstruction, catheter size and material , overfilled balloon retention, collection bag with volume above the stated limit, fixing incorrect or missing, repeated and frequent catheterizations. On this basis the proposal diagnostic was Risk of urinary tract injury. These data were submitted in the form of an instrument with a four-point Likert scale for the assessment of experts and it was evaluated by 16 experts. The insertion of the proposed diagnosis was validated in Domain 11 and Class 2 of NANDA´s Taxonomy II. The label was validated as Risk of urinary tract injury and the definition was validated with some changes. The validated risk factors were: age, latex allergy, obesity, pelvic organ anatomical variations, cognitive impairment, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, spinal cord injury, mental confusion, poor knowledge of the patient or caregiver about urinary catheter care, long-term use of catheters bladder, the need to use retention balloon inflated with 30ml or more need to use urinary catheter large caliber, impossibility of fixing the urinary catheter, repeated and frequent catheterizations. These results contribute to increase the quality of nursing work.