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O papel dos receptores GABAA-benzodiazepínicos da amídala na modulação da antinocicepção e de comportamentos defensivos em camundongos submetidos ao teste de exposição ao rato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-13) Girotti, Cilene Aparecida Barbalho; Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7206285334603986
Animal models have been widely used to investigate the neurobiology of anxiety, fear and to evaluate the antinociception-induced by anxiety/fear. In this sense, the mice (prey) exposed to a predator (rat) exhibit intense defensive response, avoidance and antinociception. Several studies have demonstrated that intra-amygdala injection of midazolam, agonist of GABAAbenzodiazepine, can modulate antinociception-induced by anxiety/fear and defense reactions in rodents. However, it remains unknown what role of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors in amygdala modulation of antinociception induced in mice exposed to a predator (rat). For this adult male Swiss mice (n= 6-11/group) received intra-amygdala injection of drugs followed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid 0.6%, 0.1 ml/10g weight (a nociceptive stimulus that induces abdominal writhes, Writhing test) and were exposed to a Long Evans rat (R) or to a toy rat (TR). The exposure cage was divided into 3 compartments [side A: home cage (protected compartment, 10 x 29 x 18 cm), side B: surface (unprotected compartment, 29 x 29 x 18 cm) and side C: the predator compartment (20 x 29 x 18 cm), which was separated from the surface with a wire mesh]. Mice had free access between the home cage and surface area through a door (5 x 8 cm). The following measures were recorded: (a) nociceptive response (total number of writhes and unprotected writhes) and (b) defensive behavior [total entries in surface (TE), % entries and % time spent in the protected area (%PE and %PT), stretched-attend postures (SAP), unprotected rear (UR) and time spent in contact with wire mesh. The results were analyzed by two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), factor 1 [exposure (toy rat or rat)] and factor 2 (treatment), followed by Duncan's multiple range test as necessary. P values p≤ 0.05 were considered significant. The mice were divided into two experiments. Experiment 1, the exposure of mice to the rat reduced the nociceptive response (total number of writhes and unprotected writhes) and TE, SAP, UR and time spent in contact with wire mesh, while increased the %PE and %PT in intra-amydala saline-injected mice. Intra-amygdala injection of midazolam (3.0 and 30 nmol/0.1 μl) increased the nociceptive response (total number of writhes and unprotected writhes) and TE, SAP, UR and time spent in contact with wire mesh and decreased %PE and %PT in animals exposed to the rat. In Experiment 2, mice received combined intra-amygdala injection of flumazenil, antagonist of benzodiazepine receptor (saline + 2.0 nmol/0.1 μl) and midazolam (saline + 30 nmol/0.1 μl) on behavior of mice exposed to the rat. Midazolam alone (saline + 30 nmol) replicated the results obtained in Experiment 1. However, flumazenil (2.0 nmol) antagonized the effects of midazolam on nociception and on defensive behavior of mice. The exposure of mice to a predator (rat) elicits defensive response as well as attenuates nociceptive response. Activation of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors within the amygdala produced anxiolytic-like effects and intensified the nociceptive response in mice. These results suggest that the GABAA receptors located within the amygdala are recruited to modulate both antinociception and emotional behavior of mice front a natural predator (rat).
Geotecnologias no monitoramento de bacias hidrográficas por indicadores ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-13) Souza, Gustavo Ferreira de; Barbassa, Ademir Paceli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8186944292885714
The River Basin Committees (CBHs in portuguese, Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas) have difficulties in managing water resources because the physiographic units refer to large areas of territorial extension, with numerous problems accumulated over the last decades and distributed throughout the basin. In the State of São Paulo, the Water Resources Management Units (UGRHIs in portuguese, Unidades de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos) are the territorial divisions considered for the management of water resources, under the responsibility of CBHs, with the challenge of mitigating and restoring environmental impacts. In order to fulfill the management functions, support mechanisms are used, such as applying technologies and developing diagnostics to implement water resources policies. This work aims to apply geotechnologies in monitoring and control of water resources, in this sense contribute to the application of technology in the management process of the committee. A database on geographic information systems (GIS) was organized as a support to evaluate the applicability of remote satellite sensors in the identification and calculation of geoenvironmental indicators, according to the development of a geotechnology application roadmap for use and coverage analysis of the project, from the beginning of 1995 to the year 2012. The study was developed in a pilot area in CBH Turvo / Grande (CBH-TG), using the gvSIG platform and the sensors from the Landsat, CBERS, IRS, RapidEye, WorldView-2 and Sentinel-2A satellites. Digital image processing was applied and the results validated through field surveys. The results showed that the satellite image is not limited by its spatial resolution for mapping and monitoring, and that the evolution of the land cover and occupation was conditioned by the transformation of the field of pasture by agriculture in a period of 20 years, with direct impacts in the areas of permanent preservation, legal reserve, siltation and the quantity of water resources. From a spatial analysis of the data crossing in a GIS environment, an environmental vulnerability map was generated that assists in the geoenvironmental interpretation, evidencing with the degree of morphogenesis and pedogenesis. In the analysis of the territorial management of the basin it was evaluated that the delimitations of the basins are imprecise for a management in the scale that a UGRHI needs.
Classificação do café beneficiado: uma proposta para pagamento pela qualidade dos grãos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-13) Santos, Fabio Lyrio; Nantes, José Flávio Diniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1900976112613026; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6210663527994961
Brazil is the largest world coffee producer and exporter. The crop arrived in the country in the colonial period, in the mid-seventeenth century, and during much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was the Brazilian main export product. Brazil produces coffees of different qualities. In raw grain status, the product is traded after being benefited in the farms or cooperatives of farmers. Each lot of green coffee receives a respective commercial description according to the Brazilian official classification. This instrument coordinates the product domestic market serving as orientation for the pricing on transactions and hence for the remuneration of farmers and cooperatives. The problem is that the classification is based mainly on the type indicator, which is a quantifier of physical defects observed in the samples. Thus, the real quality of the beans is underprivileged, generating uncertainty in transactions, opportunism, and problems of adverse selection, also hindering the grower to earn income by quality. The research studied the triple inter-relationship between the classification system, the quality attributes required by industry and the payment to the grower. Thirteen stakeholders of the production chain comprised the object of study: five cooperatives located in the main Brazilian coffee regions, five roasters associated with them, and three intermediary companies (traders) located in the region of Hamburg, Germany. The studied cases showed that the problem is partially solved by the cooperatives through the use of alternative classification systems. These systems provide fairer remuneration to the grower and better highlight the qualities of the lots to their customers (intermediaries or industry). The restructuring of the classification system, therefore, appears to be potentially able to redirect the payment system and to bring economic benefit to the productive sector. In the results the research presents a proposal of classification system for green coffee, built from the empirical data.
Contribuições de uma política pública de avaliação institucional para a Universidade Federal do Amapá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-13) Guimarães, Maria Nazaré do Nascimento; Tancredi, Regina Maria Simões Puccinelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131047374958003
This study is part of the evaluation of higher education field, specifically in one of the evaluative processes implemented by the Ministry of Education in Brazil, the National Higher Education Evaluation System (SINAES in Portuguese). It refers to a survey conducted in a public institution of higher education in the municipality of Macapá-AP and aimed to investigate how it is been the implementation process of a public policy of institutional assessment at the Federal University of Amapá in Teaching degree courses under the perspective of teachers and members of the Assessment Committee. It is constituted as the theoretical framework of this study authors such as, Dias Sobrinho (2000-2010) Polidori and Barreyro (2006-2009), Sordi (2002-2011), among others of relevance in the field of higher education assessment. The study of qualitative nature is constituted of a case study, because it is a research involving a single institution and a specific evaluation program, and had as a source of data collection to document analysis, the semi - structured interviews with CPA members, and with teachers, conducting focal groups. The research has shown that teachers of the four Teaching degree courses and CPA members understand that the institution it is been experiencing a gradual process of change in relation to the conceptions and directions of public policy, recognizes its importance, the same way they want to participate in the evaluation process and that the results could serve as a basis for the development of institutional policies for the IES investigated.
Condicionantes históricos e sociológicos do genocídio de Ruanda em 1994 : escritos da dor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-13) Santos Junior, João Samuel Rodrigues dos; Silvério, Valter Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5349221849799462
This dissertation proposes an investigation of the Rwandan genocide, an African country located in Central Africa. This analysis is based on a reading perspective of various written sources that will overlap and inform the colonization process and subsequent genocide in Rwanda. The Rwandan genocide occurred in 1994 in which have approximately 10% of the local population killed. From the documentation produced about the Rwandan genocide and society during the colonial period, I intend to configure how the category of race was very deep into Rwandan society producing a discourse of hate group who scored a racialization process with atypical effects on African societies. The idea of the project, therefore, is the attempt to deconstruct the discourse on essentializing racism to explain the Rwandan society by analyzing the historical reconstruction in which it was created and set a background to realize that references the categories "Hutu" and "Tutsi are trademarks of social differences from natural sources but that these categories by printing a network of well-articulated speeches were being transformed into fixed identities in the colonial period.
Influência do capeamento e caracterização da resistência a compressão de alvenaria estrutural de blocos de concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-13) Fortes, Ernesto Silva; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1752423072387887
This project aim was to evaluate the compressive strength of masonry concrete block from low to high resistances. This topic is motivated by the observation that there are no reliable parameters for designing the compression strength of masonry concrete block, considering the various options of strength and grouting available, especially for higher strenght blocks (above 12 MPa) whose use has become widespread in Brazil. From the national survey conducted in partnership with the ABCP it was also possible to observe that not always prisms are actually tested as a parameter to control the quality of the job-site execution control in the differents regions of Brazil. Another motivating point of this project is the observation of the difficulty procedure and high dispersion of inter-laboratory test data when testing compression strength of blocks and prisms capped with cement paste. It is also objective to evaluate the possibility of using a dry material, such as plywood, hardboard, and fiberboard for capping, replacing the usual cement paste capping. More than a thousand tests were carried out to determine the axial compression and the modulus of elasticity of grouted and non-grouted prisms and concrete blocks with dry capping and the cement paste and by grinding process for comparative testing. The blocks compressive strength ranged from 5 to 34 MPa. Based on the results it is possible to conclude on the need for proper dosage of the grouting procedure and the executive, which has influence on the prism strength. After a first phase, when all capping materials were considered, the hardboard was chosen as the comparative to cement paste. It is possible to conclude that both capping materials lead to equivalent result when testing concrete blocks. For hollow prism testing, it is not possibly to categorically conclude to the statistically equivalence when considerend all ten resistance ranges tested, but the characteristic value did not result in a difference greater then 10%. In the case of grouted prism we can concludes to the non-equivalence of types of capping. Another important conclusion is the indications of prism (hollow and grouted) / block strength ratio for the several resistances evaluated.
Aplicação de estruturas zeolíticas de imidazólio (ZIFs) no desenvolvimento de membranas de matriz mista para separação de gases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-13) Eiras, Daniel; Pessan, Luiz Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9696379919333542
Mixed matrix membranes based on a glassy polymer and a zeolite with organic character were developed, in order to evaluate whether the organic character of the ZIF-8 would favor its incorporation in the polymer matrix as a result of better compatibility between the phases and also the efficiency of this zeolite of improving the ideal selectivity of the polymer for two gas pairs, CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2. ZIF-8 particles were incorporated to the polymer matrix by solution mixing with an ultrasound. The membranes were prepared by solution casting, followed by solvent evaporation under a controlled atmosphere in a glove bag. Results showed a significantly improvement in CO2/N2 ideal selectivity with the incorporation of ZIF-8 when compared to the ideal selectivity of the membrane. A 17% increase in the ieal CO2/N2 selectivity was obtained with the incorporation of 30%wt of ZIF-8. The result was accompanied by a significantly increase in the membrane permeability. It is also presented the influence of residual solvent in the properties of the membranes. Finally strong experimental evidences of ZIF-8 compressibility were obtained. It can be concluded based on the results that the organic character of ZIF-8 favors its incorporation in the polymer matrix when compared to the inorganic zeolites and that zeolitic imidazolate framework can be considered a promising technology for the development of mixed matrix membranes for gas separation.
STB-index: um índice baseado em bitmap para data warehouse espaço-temporal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-13) Tsuruda, Renata Miwa; Ciferri, Ricardo Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8382221522817502; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198500431033541
The growing concern with the support of the decision-making process has made companies to search technologies that support their decisions. The technology most widely used presently is the Data Warehouse (DW), which allows storing data so it is possible to produce useful and reliable information to assist in strategic decisions. Combining the concepts of Spatial Data Warehouse (SDW), that allows geometry storage and managing, and Temporal Data Warehouse (TDW), which allows storing data changes that occur in the real-world, a research topic known as Spatio-Temporal Data Warehouse (STDW) has emerged. STDW are suitable for the treatment of geometries that change over time. These technologies, combined with the steady growth volume of data, show the necessity of index structures to improve the performance of analytical query processing with spatial predicates and also with geometries that may vary over time. In this sense, this work focused on proposing an index for STDW called Spatio-Temporal Bitmap Index, or STB-index. The proposed index was designed to processing drill-down and roll-up queries considering the existence of predefined spatial hierarchies and with spatial attributes that can vary its position and shape over time. The validation of STB-index was performed by conducting experimental tests using a DWET created from synthetic data. Tests evaluated the elapsed time and the number of disk accesses to construct the index, the amount of storage space of the index and the elapsed time and the number of disk accesses for query processing. Results were compared with query processing using database management system resources and STBindex improved the query performance by 98.12% up to 99.22% in response time compared to materialized views.