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Mudanças na graduação na universidade pública : a nova prática da iniciação científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-08) Santos, Silvia Alves dos; Silva Junior, João dos Reis
Cette étude a pour objet principal la contribution de l‟Initiation Scientifique (Iniciação Científica) pour la formation de l‟élève et les conséquences résultant des changements des activités de recherche qui ont engendré une nouvelle pratique pour le quotidien des professeurs et des étudiants de l‟université publique. L‟objectif général est donc d‟analyser cette pratique de l‟Initiation Scientifique dans le contexte de l‟éducation supérieur au Brésil. L‟objectif spécifique est d‟identifier les éléments capables d‟être considérés comme les conséquences de l‟internalisation et de la naturalisation des changements émanant de l‟expansion de l‟enseignement supérieur. Des professeurs et des étudiants de plusieurs cours d‟une université publique de l‟état du Paraná ont participé à cette étude à travers divers témoignages. Sachant que chacun de ces groupes possèdent une spécifité, nous avons cherché à exprimer leurs expectatives concernant le cours et la vie académique, leur forme d‟organisation pour les études et pour la production scientifique, ainsi que les conséquences de leurs choix pour d‟autres secteurs de la vie. De manière générale, l‟étude se justifie en raison de l‟importance du thème dans le contexte actuel de l‟expansion de l‟éducation supérieure au Brésil. Nous pouvons constater que la pratique universitaire concernant le Programme d‟Initiation Scientifique montre une nouvelle tendance pour la formation des étudiants de licence dont le but est de promouvoir l‟enrichissement du curriculum en ligne lattes en tant que forme d‟insertion ou de permanence pour des postes où le marché de travail est très concurrencé et particulièrement ceux appartenant au domaine de la vie académique. Cette tendance doit être comprise en tant que partie d‟un procès historique marqué par les contradictions, mais aussi par les permissions et adéquations aux politiques publiques qui dirigent l‟université publique brésilienne.
A construção federal da intersetorialidade na política de desenvolvimento social brasileira: o caso do programa bolsa família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-08) Silva, Lucas Ambrózio Lopes da; Justo, Carolina Raquel Duarte de Mello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9209489935777843; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3206865150075642
The recent social development policies are marked by great challenges and have strained the state structure to respond according to new arrangements, requiring, among many institutional experimentations, new forms of coordination between government sectors. In this context, the social development policies come from the crossing of economic development strategies with the strategies of social policies. This is the same movement that has led to the emergence of intersectoriality as a principle key of the recent social programs, especially the efforts aimed at combating poverty. Intersectoriality has been disseminated as a task to be shared federally. We study the Bolsa Família Program PBF as case, demonstrating the main features of the construction of it intersectoriality. As a object, it was decided that the center of the analysis would be the Federal Government, understanding that this assumes a fundamental role in the structure and forms of intersectoriality that characterize the PBF, and noted that his performance in this subject has been poorly studied by Brazilian literature (which, in general, to analyze from the local implementation of PBF). The research findings point to the presence of a favorable environment for intersectoral work at the federal level, leading to complex arrangements of articulation and coordination. Intersectoriality is here analyzed from the roles: 1) the unified registry, 2) the supplementary programs to PBF, 3) the management activities of the conditionalities of the program, 4) the collegiate agencies and multilateral coordination environments, 5) of the politicization of public administration and central delegation; 6) of bureaucracies and their networks; 7) the creation of intermediary agency intragovernmental coordination; 8) and the profile presidential and the coalitional presidentialism consequences on government activities.
Síntese e caracterização de bionanocompósitos magnéticos para liberação controlada de fármacos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-08) Ribeiro, Lígia Nunes de Morais; Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8084845413847853
The drug delivery systems (DDS) shows several advantages when compared with traditional release systems, such as allowing the employment of lower plasmatic concentrations of drug, having greater efficiency, and minimizing side effects. The improvement of drug delivery depends strictly on the choice of an adequate support allowing to effectively controlling the drug release. All systems use a physical or chemical barrier that control the speedy of release and ensure the desired doses. In this sense, the use of biopolymers and some inorganic hybrid materials as a solid support, such as layered doubles hydroxides (LDH), is of great interest, due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study a series of distinct bionanocomposites were developed and their properties and potential to be used as drug delivery systems explored, creating complexes with high applicability. Gastroresistant and mucoadhesive chitosan-pectin beads for mesalazine release were synthesized in pure form or intercalated LDH compounds, aiming to simulate the in vivo conditions. Another bionanocomposite was also synthesized to be used as a drug carrier consisting of a blend of alginate polysaccharide and magnetic and graphite nanoparticles, in two different pharmaceutical forms: beads and films. This work evaluated the efficacy of these new matrices when the associate drug is previously immobilized on a LDH-based inorganic solid. The compositional and structural characterizations of all these bionanocomposites allowed to conclude that there was an intercalation of the drugs between the LDH layers were satisfactorily, suggesting a compatibility of the system. The physical properties of the beads and films, such as water uptake, encapsulation efficiency, control release, and mechanical properties, were improved when hybridized with the nanoparticles. These results indicate that the bionanocomposites synthesized are promising to further use in drug delivery systems and other substances, exhibiting high applicability in several areas, from biomedicine to agriculture, for example, in the control of fertilizer or herbicides release.
Estudos bioecológicos dos afídeos da alfafa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-08) Cunha, Suzan Beatriz Zambon da; Silva, Carlos Roberto Sousa e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4890369735136839; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9279872090037393
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are insects considered as pests in many crops. Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora and Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata, occur often in alfalfa crops (Medicago sativa) in Brazil, causing direct and indirect damage to the plants. In this study designed to determine the seasonal fluctuation of aphids and their predators in alfalfa crop and its relationships with climatic variables by canonical correspondence analysis; to verify if there is in laboratory selectivity predators feeding, Cycloneda sanguinea, Harmonia axyrids and Hippodamia convergens for aphid A. pisum, A. craccivora and T. trifolli f. maculata to establish their predators in field culture, as well as to compare the various predators, as their efficiency in preying upon aphids using the serological technique. This technique is based on reactions such as antigen / antibody where the antibodies are obtained for the pest of interest and how antigens are used on many pest consumers. The gathering of aphids and their predators were conducted from August 2011 to July 2012 in experimental fields of alfalfa Crioula located at the Embrapa Unit, São Carlos SP. Acyrthosiphon pisum was the predominant aphid in the culture during the study period. Considering all the species, the highest population peak was observed in March/2012 and the lower in January/2012. According to canonical correspondence analysis, none of the environmental variables influenced significantly the seasonal fluctuation of aphids. Regarding the predators, 2.161 specimens were collected including insects and spiders. Among the insects the following families: Coccinellidae, Carabidae, Nabidae, Syrphidae, Dolichopodidae, Geocoridae, Reduviidae, Pentatomidae, Chrysopidae and Dermaptera. Among the spiders, Salticidae, Thomisidae; Lycosidae; Ctenidae; Nephilidae; Araneidae; xi Sparassidae; Theridiidae; Pholcidae; Trocantheriidae; Lymphidae and Sicariidae ocurred. The coccinellids were the most abundant insects and Harmonia axyridis was the most abundant species. It was also observed that the population of aphids and coccinellids follow the typical pattern of predator-prey relationship. The presence of natural enemies and the management of cutting the alfalfa influenced the dynamics of aphid populations. According to the results of the serological tests of all predators tested, 508 reacted with any of the antisera, resulting in 23,5% of positive results. Heterologous positive reactions were recorded with predators stored in a freezer at -2 °C for over a year showing that freezing does not affect the results of serological reactions. Syrphid and chrysopids were the predators with the highest percentage of positive serological reactions. The food preference tests in the laboratory showed that the coccinellids C. sanguinea, H. axyridis and H. convergens have a preference for A. craccivora when one compare to other species of aphids offered
A experiência da família no cuidado à criança com fissura labiopalatina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-08) Martins, Talitha Uliano; Dupas, Giselle; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9461883918498554; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9121992904516228
The implications of cleft lip and palate in a child's life go beyond the aesthetic and functional, psychosocial problems may lead not only to her but for the whole family. A satisfactory fitting process depends more on how the family will react and their attitudes, than the presence of the anomaly. The rehabilitation process is experienced by the child and family, and the performance of the Nursing Team happens with them during this journey. The nursing staff participates in training the family for the care, since your formation is also focused on the education of those who attend. This study aims to understand the family's experience across the care of children with cleft lip and palate. This is a clinical-qualitative research and to work with the data used the research narrative. Constitute subjects of the study families of children with cleft lip and palate with up to 3 years old. The data analysis allowed apprehend four themes. Accept and affirm the condition: the news of the presence of cleft lip and palate generates big impact and is a difficult time that the family requires mobilization and adaptation of feelings that result in action to welcome and accept the child. Treading the rehabilitation process: this process begins soon after birth of the child, stretching as its growth, it is long, gradual, exhausting, and suffered implies breaking the routine, trip to the specialist center, extra expenses, surgical procedures, diets, restrictions and cautions. Learn, experiment and adapt care: care of the child with cleft is built through constant experiment. Try positions for feeding, the bottles, the speed of feeding, the formula. In this movement the family adapts and customizes the care to meet the best possible way the needs of your child, and thus the dynamics of everyday life learns to care. Require Informational and Emotional Support: in their trajectory family suffers from lack of supporting information by health professionals, the public and media, feels lonely when they need to find answers for themselves. It is hoped that the discussion of this topic may contribute to understanding the experience of families across the care of children with cleft and enables meet their needs, identify demands and accompanying guidance for the improvement of care provided by health professionals to these families.
A nova política de financiamento de pesquisas: reforma no estado e no novo papel do CNPq
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-08) Kato, Fabíola Bouth Grello; Silva Junior, João dos Reis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5914699246880638
This study investigates the role of new and recent CNPq agency as advisor and financier of new policies and practices of research in our country based on the analysis of notices published by that body in the period 2004-2011 and its relationship with economic policy identity adopted in Brazil since the 2000s. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that produced this paradigm shift in research funding from CNPq seeking to establish the possible mediations between the economic policy adopted in Brazil from the 1990s and the policy choices made in managements FHC (1995 -2002) and Lula (2003-2010) and identify the role that this agency complies with public policy agenda in the country's productive. The methodology used was the literature and documents, having as the main primary legislation with emphasis on the laws 11.196/05 (Lei do Bem) and 10.973/04 (Law of Technological Innovation), the creation of the Science Sector Funds and Technology (1999); books or memories of the four National Conferences on Science, Technology and Innovation (1985, 2002, 2005 and 2010), the Master Plan for Reforming the State, the guidelines of the Industrial, Technological and Foreign Trade (PITCE), published in 2003, the Productive Development Policy (PDP), 2008, the Plan of Action for Science, Technology and Innovation (2007-2010), the edicts research support from CNPq published between 2004-2011 (422 calls) and Institutional Management Reports CNPq period 2004-2011. We hypothesized that the policy adopted by CNPq notices from the year 2000 can be analyzed based on economic and political reforms that the world and Brazil are suffering from the 1990s, mediated by interim measures, laws and ordinances materialize the country's entry in this circuit financial valuation in order to make the country attractive from the standpoint of economic and legal foreign investment. The empirical indicated that from the 2000s, with a strong emphasis between the years 2003-2004, there is a radical change in the policy of public funding of research from CNPq, expressed by policy notices, which is characterized: by induction applied research and the development of technological research and innovation with strong potential for immediate application to the market; mediated by academic evaluation processes extremely hard, and short-prazistas as requiring the production of knowledge preset time at the time of contracting the projects strong hierarchy between areas of knowledge. The study indicated that the options were the economic policy of the country which have produced changes in the paradigm of public funding of research from CNPq. While Cardoso prioritized during the opening of the economy to the international market that demanded political and legal preparation for the attraction of foreign direct investment, seeking to show the country how great square stock exchange, ie, the option to turn the country into a platform for emerging financial valuation and the decline of productive investment in the country conditioned the extraction of real income of society and constraining our capacity for growth, investment, employment generation and income. Analyses of Brazilian economic policy in FHC and Lula indicate that there was a continuity and even its intensification. Driven by a new growth agenda of the country, given the international and political alliances with national business, the Lula government opted to maintain the agenda of orthodox economic management, but look for alternatives brought growth and expansion of productive investments long term. His political project initiated in 2003 was expressed in a more fully the implementation of a new industrial policy. Were these policy options that distinguish, in part, the government of his predecessor, especially in the educational field: expansion of the public university structure by physical expansion of IFES and the vacancies in the program MEETING, ProUni and UAB; regarding your collection practical economic policy, resumed the National Industrial Policy (PITCE and PDP) with a focus on innovation and cooperative relationship between state-university-market. This new place CNPq gave it strategic importance in the construction of a national pact between university-State market (financial capital), working in the training of human resources for promotion of various types and levels of scholarships, increasing grants for researchers in companies, continuous increase of its budget for scholarships postgraduate, publishing notices to fostering individual projects, groups or thematic networks of scientific and technological support, expansion and dissemination of new programs to assist these guidelines, all this combined a new form of financing that has to induce new practices for the development of research and knowledge production in universities with strong budgetary hierarchy between areas of knowledge.
O desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores de crianças de zero a três anos: a atenção e a memória - uma análise histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-08) Faria, Waldirene dos Santos; Mello, Maria Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4303316104196153
This study addresses the development of Higher Psychological Functions of children aged zero to three years, specifically regarding attention and memory, and its relationship with education in daycare centers. The research question was: What concepts of the Historical- Cultural Theory underlie the need to potentialize the development of Higher Psychological Functions regarding attention and memory in children aged zero to three years in daycare centers? The objective of the study is: to identify Historical-Cultural Theory concepts that can support teaching activities for children aged zero to three years for developing higher psychological functions regarding attention and memory. The research was founded on dialectical and historical materialism and historical-cultural methods. The study methodology was based on bibliographic research, considered important to classify the study subject that was dispersed in several bibliographies. The methodological procedures were based on bibliographic reading recognition; key information localization; choosing bibliographies closer to the research object; and the final reading to achieve the proposed objectives. The result analysis shows concepts that can support teaching activities for developing Higher Psychological Functions in children aged zero to three years, such as cultural development, the main activity, mediation and the zone of proximal development. The results confirm that the development of infants is not universal and does not solely depend on the biological basis of human development. Social relationships are crucial to human development. School education is fundamentally responsible for the success of learning processes and child development nowadays, therefore, such learning must be intentional and planned, taking into account the specificities of child development, and also provide safe environmental conditions and varied cultural and intellectual experiences to promote mental development of children aged zero to three years in order to stimulate them. Higher Psychological Functions regarding Attention and Memory do not develop fully in the first year of life, however, intentional learning is required for significant psychological development. Introducing learning activities at an early age are the basis for subsequent complex psychological developments.