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Matemática e saúde: boa alimentação e as equações dos índices IMC, RIP e IAC contextualizadas em situações de sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-23)
Balan, Luanda Helena Balúgoli
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Barbosa, Grazielle Feliciani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368292206467565
Most students have great difficulty in applying the theory learned in mathematics throughout their academic life. Since the initial series until the final grades of high school, the study of equations, inequations and functions are privileged, with demonstrations of formulas and properties and applications of exercise lists. However, the results of educational assessments at state and national level show that one of the major found student´s difficulties is using the mathematical tools learned throughout their lives, with the aim of resolving everyday problems. Contextualizing the teaching is a way of making significant all the mathematical knowledge and a way of contextualizing is to apply didactic sequences that bring everyday problem situations to the student´s present. The contextualized didatic sequences are strategies that encourage learning in an efficient and meaningful way.
O ensino de sistemas de equações do primeiro grau com duas incógnitas no oitavo ano do ensino fundamental através de situações-problema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-23)
Antoniassi, Kleber Rodrigo
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
Working with resolution of situations-problem is of great importance on Mathematics Teaching-Learning process and on Teaching-Learning process of others disciplines, once the human being is all the time challenged to resolve problems in their daily life. The results presented on this assignment contemplate the efforts made for the validation of teaching system of first degree equation with two unknowns to the students from Middle School through situations-problem. The methodology applied was the didactic engineering. The specific goals are diluted on the stages of the methodology which are described on the introduction characterizing the previous analysis. At the stage of the analysis a priori was made the diagnosis of the difficulties presented by the students and theoretical conception. During testing we have developed a didactic sequence that we consider to be appropriate to teaching system of first degree equations bringing to the students ways of resolution, an adapted method of problems resolution, the use of teaching material as graphics board and Geogebra software. The results collected by means of the development of the didactic proposed, as well as the participation of the students on the activities proposed, observed in the analysis a posteriori will be faced with the hypothesis raised on this research assignment for the effect of validation process. We have noticed even though many teachers recognize the importance of the use of situations-problem on Mathematics Teaching, the majority doesn´t do it in satisfactory way, working mainly with the problems proposed in didactics books, without regard stages proposed on the methodology of resolution problems. Through analysis from the results achieved by the students, raising the percentage of hits in solving problems about systems of first degree equation with two unknowns in activities proposed, assessments and simulated test applied by school at the end of academic year, we can conclude that the didactic sequence presented on this assignment could propitiate the learning process.
As razões trigonométricas no triângulo retângulo e as rampas de acesso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-23)
Arantes, Priscila Paschoali Crivelenti Vilela
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Bertoncello, Luciene Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028970771846775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4801700882792848
This work is a math lesson on the triangle trigonometric ratios, using analysis of access ramps for people with special needs mobility. The mathematical content designed to be taught in grade 8/9 years of elementary school, according to the teaching experience of a teacher who devised and applied that lesson, there used to be presented to students in a way that justified the understanding it. This observation led to the idealization of a classroom where students participate in an active construction of knowledge and context. Students were led to reflect on the inclusion of people with special needs in today's society and to examine the access ramps of the school they attend, comparing your measurements with the Brazilian standard ABNT governing accessibility in buildings and structures. From the analysis of these ramps have been developing activities in order to build the concept of sine, cosine and tangent in rightangled triangle and attach to these concepts, meanings. They are extremely interested throughout the development of the work, which was completed fulfilling the objectives
Descobrindo as razões trigonométricas no triângulo retângulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-23)
Oliveira, Henrique
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Moura, Renato José de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5227908949297904
One of the important consequences of trigonometry is the ratio that exists between sides of similar triangles. Such reason appears frequently in many everyday problems and can be quite explored in the classroom. The aim of this study was to explore the trigonometric ratio in the right triangle. The working hypothesis was that the ratios between sides are constant. So the approach was carried out in two ways: one using ruler and protractor and the other with the free software of dynamic geometry called Geogebra. The proposed activities were implemented in a classroom of the 3rd year of high school in the city of Franca, São Paulo State and the Didactic Engineering was used as a research methodology. In both steps of the implementation of the project the expected results have been achieved successfully, however, in the second stage, the use of the software was a motivator of the activity, not only facilitating the visualization of buildings, but also providing the exact value of the reason. Throughout the project implementation a number of other themes could be explored, such as the metric system and the error in the approximations. The use of information technology in the classroom contributed so that classes would be more dynamic and the students more motivated. It is hoped that the material presented here may be useful for other teachers employ in their classes or tailor it to other contents. It is expected that this work will stimulate other teachers to use the technological resources as tools to support teaching.
Uma forma de apresentação da interpretação geométrica do logaritmo natural e estudo de algumas de suas propriedades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-23)
Felix, Rodrigo Aécio
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5564983726354931
The objective of this work is to propose a sequence for teaching motivating and interesting knowledge construction logarithm. The vast majority of textbooks adopted by school teachers addresses this issue in the traditional way, with a definition (definition of logarithm as an exponent) less suitable for the construction of this significant concept, properties and seen by most students as nonsensical rules, imposed and often unproven. Besides this the mathematical demonstrations are increasingly less practiced with students due to poor posture currently adopted by many teachers, whose reasons are: teachers does not dominate them, they believe are not necessary or that students are unable to assimilate them. This attitude results in traditional classes whose results are disinterested and unmotivated students, contributing greatly to the current scenario of the schools, where many of them finish high school without even build this important mathematical concept in their minds. The teaching sequence was developed and applied according to the concepts of Engineering Curriculum, using computer programs Geogebra 4.2, Excel 2010 and Windows Scientific Calculator in a proposed six classes: the first aimed to present the project, highlighting the importance of logarithms and its applications, the latter performing an activity where students use computer programs to observe and perceive the geometric interpretation of the natural logarithm, and other classes where students performing activities, also through computer programs, should realize and conjecture properties logarithms. To achieve a good result, the three classes immediately following the implementation of the activities were aimed at socializing the results and demonstrations of the mathematical properties of logarithms, conjectured or not the students in this project. To finish, we applied a diagnostic assessment, in order to measure the efficiency of this project, that is, if he really contributed to the building of effective knowledge logarithmic in students involved.
Desenho institucional, poliarquia decisória e formulação da política de mudanças climáticas no Brasil: estudo de caso da comissão interministerial de mudança global do clima
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25)
Rodrigues, Diego de Freitas
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Vargas, Marcelo Coutinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4648723371446148
It has been observed that the same governance model was configurated in the brazilian climate change policy, characterizing by this policy to the responsible institutions three factors in comon: (1) institutional diversity, (2) cooperation e (3) political competition. Trough a Case Study, it was attempted to focus, as an unity of analisys, on the Interministerial Comission on Global Climate Change (CIMMGC in portuguese) to observe in what measure the bigger institutional diversity, characterized by the elevated inclusiveness of political actors and the accountability reinforcement in the political decision making process, promoted more cooperation and less political competition among the political actors involved in CIMMGC. In this scenery, the research question was: In the contexto of a diverse institutional composition and of it s political decision making process rules (supported by the unanimity rule), why, by observing the political decision making processo f the CIMMGC, wasn t possible to point a decision making paralisys or an institutional immobility in it s acitivities? The Hypothesis was that the institutional drawing of the CIMMGC worked as a political vector of dynamism through the decision making rules developed during the institutionalization of brazilian climate change policy. Were applied in this study, specially, two integrated data collection strategies: (1) query and analisys of institutional reports issued specially by the CIMMGC, but also issued by other institutional organisms vinculated to the governance of brazilian climate change policy and (2) interviews in depth and semi-structured with policy makers directly involved with national climate change policy and specially allocated in the CIMMGC. The results pointed that a bigger political inclusiveness in the decision making process of the brazilian climate change policy incurred in no absence of democratic governance. In the case of the CIMMGC, the brazilian climate change policy consensual model reinforced the accountability mechanisms in the political process without losing the institutional dynamism and the decision making capability in the political goals granted to the institution by the Climate Change National Policy and Plan.
Impacto da reabilitação cardiorrespiratória precoce e da CPAP no pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25)
Pantoni, Camila Bianca Falasco
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Silva, Audrey Borghi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0244296301167548
The thesis consisted of two studies described below. The study I, entitled: " Shortterm exercise-based program promotes better recovery of linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery- a prospective clinical trial. aimed to investigate changes in heart rate variability (HRV) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with and without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the behavior of the cardiac autonomic nervous system (cANS) in patients submitted to the different techniques and to an inpatient rehabilitation program in the postoperative period. The cANS was evaluated by HRV indices in patients undergoing surgery with (n = 30) and without CPB (n = 14) and was obtained in the preoperative period, on the first day of postoperative period (1oPO) and on pre-discharge day. Both groups showed HRV reduction after surgery. The rehabilitation program promoted improvement of linear and nonlinear HRV indices at pre-discharge day for both groups, compared to the 1oPO. However, patients undergoing off-pump surgery presented higher HRV indices in the pre-discharge day, with better recovery of cANS function. Our data suggest that inpatient rehabilitation program applied to patients undergoing CABG without CPB promoted greater cANS adaptations, compared to patients undergoing other operative technique. The second study, also conducted in patients undergoing CABG, was entitled "Impact of physical exercise associated to CPAP application after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery- a randomized controlled trial." aimed to evaluate the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on exercise tolerance, breathing pattern (BP), dyspnea sensation and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the first day of ambulation in post-CABG. Twenty-seven patients were randomized to the control group-CG (ambulation in spontaneous breathing) (n = 14) or to CPAP group-CPG (ambulation associated to CPAP between 10-12 cmH2O) (n = 13). The outcomes included BP variables, assessed by respiratory inductive plethysmography (Lifeshirt system), exercise tolerance limit, dyspnea sensation and SpO2. The CPG showed greater exercise tolerance, better thoracoabdominal coordination during rest and exercise, higher SpO2 values at the end of ambulation and less dyspnea sensation compared to CG. Thus, we conclude that CPAP was able to positively impact the BP and exercise capacity of patients in post-CABG. These results may provide a feasible and effective approach for early rehabilitation.
Efeitos preventivos do exercício resistido na expressão de proteínas envolvidas na atrofia muscular em ratos tratados com dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25)
Macedo, Anderson Geremias
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Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1742243414991502
Dexamethasone (Dexa) has been widely used as anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic treatment, however, its chronic use provokes peripheral insulin resistance, hypertension, weight loss and muscle atrophy. Low intensity aerobic training has been indicated for prevention and treatment of diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome, however, its effects on muscle atrophy are still uncertain. Muscle atrophy may be determined by an imbalance between atrophic (FOXO3a, atrogin-1, Murf-1) and hypertrophic (AKT, mTOR) proteins, but almost nothing is known about the effects of Dexa on these proteins. Resistance training (RT) has been recommended for treatment of pathologies which involves muscle atrophy, however little is known about the effects of low intensity RT on the muscle atrophy induced by Dexa. This study investigated whether low intensity RT, performed before and concomitant with Dexa treatment could prevent and / or attenuate muscle atrophy induced by Dexa. Also, it examined the role of proteins that control muscle homeostasis in this response. Forty-eight rats were allocated into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary and treated with Dexa (SD), trained control (TC) and trained and treated with Dexa (TD). After an adaptation period, the rats underwent to an resistance exercise protocol (ladder,60% maximal loading, 5 days / week, 70 days) or kept sedentary. During the last 10 days, the rats were treated with Dexa (0.5 mg / kg of bodyweight per day, i.p.). Fasting glycemia was measured before and after exercise training and treatment periods. Bodyweight (BW) was measured weekly before treatment and daily during drug treatment. The tibialis anterior (TA), flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and soleus muscles were removed and homogenized. Protein production of AKT, mTOR, FOXO3a, atrogin-1 and Murf-1 was analyzed in the muscles. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc were used (p<0.05). Dexa treatment increased glycemia by 46%, reduced BW by 19% and food intake by 45% in sedentary animals. The RT, that was effective to increase physical capacity of the rats (+118%) prevented the increase in glycemia, but did not avoid the BW reduction. Dexa provoked TA muscle atrophy (-21%), which was determined by reduction of AKT (-29%) and increase of Murf-1 (+25%). RT attenuated the increased the Murf-1 protein production (-37%), however it did not avoid TA muscle atrophy. In the FHL, it was observed muscle atrophy (-28%) determined by reduction of AKT (-27%) and increase of Murf-1 (+55%). RT increased mTOR in TC (+36%) and TD (+72%) groups and also reduced atrogin-1 protein production in TD, which contributed to attenuate FHL muscle atrophy. Soleus muscle was not altered neither by training nor treatment. These data together suggest that low intensity RT was effective in attenuating FHL muscle atrophy due to a combination of increase in hypertrophic and decrease in atrophic protein production.
Novos enquadramentos culturais na relação estado e mercado entre 2003 e 2012: um estudo de caso dos arcabouços culturais, normativos e financeiros das PPP Belo Monte e Jirau no PAC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25)
Silva, Márcio Rogério
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Grün, Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6859176963189141
The research aims to present the new cultural framework in relationship of state and market of leaders in governments understood groups between 2003 and 2012, where this framework is understood as moral content in the background of monetary policy, limitations imposed by the current financial and cultural search for legitimacy of the multiple interests of civil society through convergence of elites based Grun (2005) and stretching circuit legitimation. Another important point of the study is to point the government as an articulator of public and private interests with considerable control via economic capital. With support of economic sociology and finance, based on the definitions of Svedberg (2009), first analyzes is the economic phenomena, which are presented as the government exerts control in the institutions that define the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in the Accelerated Growth Plan (PAC) , with emphasis on hydroelectric plants analyzed (Belo Monte and Jirau) by through their financial institutions and companies. The government makes use of monetary policy, with tax cuts and financing via Treasury, to finance productive capital and infrastructure in the PAC, with relevant shareholdings via Eletrobras and pension funds Petros, Previ and FUNCEF, indicating moral teachings in the use of money in terms of Neiburg (2010). Are analyzed economically conditioned phenomena. Based on Simmel (1998), the formation of economic life influences the psychic and cultural situation of a time and receives on the other hand the great currents of homogeneous historical life (Taylorism, finance and democratization process of the country), with values that spread through society. To understand the origins of the social justification of use of finance as a tool for social inclusion through the market, we found evidence discursive norms on capital and generation of employment and income, the federal government and specifically the institutions of the eletric sector, and in the consortia Northern Energy and Enersus. Finally it was shown how society influences economic phenomena, with considerations on the convergence of elites based Grun (2005) and stretching circuits legitimacy, and new strategies by the opponents of the current development policy, highlighting the PLATAFORMA BNDES.
Uso da dinâmica de sistemas no processo de S & OP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25)
Domingos, Jean Carlos
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Politano, Paulo Rogério
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9985076462998501
Despite the process of S&OP (Sales and Operations Planning) is not a new practice in enterprises, especially those of large size, it still deficiency studies in their practices and computational tools support. This happens because it is a complex process where the majority of the representatives managerial of organizational functions participating in the execution, with each trying to contribute to define a coordinated plan of actions for a period of short, medium and long term. Computational models and tools focused to aid the process of S & OP are used and can contribute to improving the quality of its implementation and results. The most common tools are those based on spreadsheets, whose content is generated through the expertise of the decision makers, and more sophisticated techniques are based on techniques of the operational research inserted in Advanced Planning Systems (APS), whose analytical models seek to generate optimized plans. From the literature review on the computational techniques used to aid the S&OP process, was identified the lack of studies related to the use of System Dynamics. Additionally, the review indicates the need for studies related to the integration of economic and financial analysis during the preparation of aggregates plans and the use of probabilistic variables in the process enabling the statistical analysis in order to provide plans more realistic. Another relevant issue observed is that managers involved in the process S&OP does not always have a global vision of all variables and constraints involved in this process, so it is also observed that the techniques and tools used to implement the S&OP process does not provide a holistic view of activities and variables involved. Thus, the aim of this work is to develop a simulation model of System Dynamics which provides a holistic vision for the S&OP process, allowing the integration of finance processes and the use of probabilistic variables. The research method used was based on a qualitative and quantitative approach procedure with modeling / simulation. Thus, the aim of the research is to develop a simulation model of System Dynamics to assist the S & OP process. The research method used was based on a qualitative and quantitative approach with modeling / simulation procedure. The simulation model based on the methodology of system dynamics for the S & OP process was developed and analyzed in illustrative cases, performed in two companies with feature make to stock (MTS). Simulations of illustrative cases were conducted by a design of experiment (DOE) to select and evaluate a set of scenarios, determining the best scenario and checking the adequacy with practice of companies. A evaluation of the use and results of simulations in both cases shows that the system dynamics model improves the understanding of the managements on all activities involved in the S&OP process, as well provides a holistic view of all areas involved. The simulations provides compatible plans compared with business practice, with the advantage of dealing with economic and financial analysis simultaneously and allow the generation of numerous scenarios of S&OP plans.
Estudos sobre síntese de novos fotossensibilizadores a partir de produtos naturais porfirinóides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25)
Santos, Luna Schlittler dos
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Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8717210222975249
In this work, we studied the structural transformation of methylpheophorbide a (2), a derivative of chlorophyll a (1) that was extracted from seaweed Spirulina maxima. The main propose of the study was to obtain compounds with low aggregation and appropriate photophysical characteristics for applications in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). In this way, we prompted to transform chlorin type derivatives into the corresponding bacteriochlorins using cycloaddition reaction approaches. The use of chlorophyll a (1) was mainly motivated by its availability and low cost. In addition, this compound has been a focus of study in our research group. Therefore, it was initially developed a method of extracting/processing chlorophyll a which directly provided compound 2 (Scheme 1). In this process we used an extraction/transesterification one-pot method using an acid solution of methanol and chlorin 2 was obtained in 0.8% yield from dried seaweed. Compound 3 was obtained from 2 (77%) and then hydrogenated to give 4 (80%). The chlorophyll derivative 4 was used as starting material in order to prepare the desired bacteriochlorin via cycloaddition methodology (Scheme 2). Scheme 1. Functionalization reactions of chlorophyll a. i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi) extracting/processing one-pot reaction of compound 2 from the seaweed Spirulina maxima dehydrated in the presence of MeOH/H2SO4 5% (v/v) for 24h 0.8% . vii) MeONa / MeOH, r.t., 8h, 77%; viii) H2, 1 atm, Pd/C, 80%. Several azomethine and nitrile oxide dipoles were tested in the 1,3- dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Nevertheless, none of the studied conditions provided the desired cycloaddition adduct (bacteriochlorin). In some cases, decarboxylation by-products or total/partial substrate 4 degradation was observed. Scheme 2. Synthesis of new bacteriochlorins. An alternative method for the synthesis of bacteriochlorins using a cycloaddition approach was designed starting from the vinyl-chlorin 13 and Nphenylmaleimide (15) (Scheme 3). The synthesis of compound 13 was accomplished starting from compound 4 by dihydroxylation reaction with OsO4 (67%) followed by double dehydration in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (30%). The most promising results from cycloaddition reaction were obtained with 13 and 15 with yields around 47% (75:25 ratio of diastereoisomers determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy). Scheme 3. Synthesis of new bacteriochlorins. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, infra-red and mass spectrometry. Some preliminary photophysical studies, such as photobleaching, were also conducted in order to qualify bacteriochlorin compound 14 as a potential photosensitizer. Moreover, aggregation studies by UV-vis were performed, which confirmed the low aggregation of the obtained bacteriochlorins.
Estudos fitoquímicos e avaliação da atividade antitumoral de extratos vegetais de Casearia sylvestris nanoencapsulados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-26)
Santos, Karen Cristina dos
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Forim, Moacir Rossi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8077173096185048
The term cancer refers to neoplasias that are characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells that have some kind of genetic mutation. Prostate cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence in men. In its initial phase, the prostate cancer is hormone dependent, so current therapy is based on blocking the biosynthesis of hormones, but after the initial treatment, neoplastic cells grow back inordinately becoming resistant to treatment. Although there are drugs in clinical trials, it´s still necessary the search for molecules that exhibit activity against prostate cancer cells. Natural products have a great importance in cancer treatment. Due to its past history of beneficial effects on human health and especially its cytotoxic activity on cancer cells, the plant Casearia sylvestris was studied. However, the insolubility and low bioavailability in aqueous media hamper the use of these compounds. In an attempt to reduce this limitation, nanostructured systems for drug delivery have been recognized as promising vehicles. Polymeric nanoparticles have been used to overcome problems of solubility, bioavailability and aiming the target cells (tumor). The purpose of this work was the preparation of formulations of polymeric nanoparticles containing plant extract of C. sylvestris and evaluation of cytotoxic activity in cell lines and healthy prostate carcinoma. Thus, 3 factorial 22 designs were developed, and parameters as solution stability, recovery and encapsulation efficiency were considered. The nanoparticles were prepared by the method of nanoprecipitation, and the stability, recovery and encapsulation efficiency were satisfactory. In biological tests, the nanoparticles formulations showed selectivity up to 23 % on healthy and neoplastic cells, decreasing the viability of prostate carcinoma cells by 45%. Therefore, plant extracts of C. sylvestris shown to be active in cancer cells, and polymeric nanoparticle delivery systems may be promising in the treatment of prostate carcinoma.
Filogeografia de Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) na África e o processo de colonização do continente americano por essa espécie
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-26)
Castillo, Carlos Congrains
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Del Lama, Sílvia Nassif
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6507370808858197
The cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis [Ardeidae]) was first reported in the New World in the late nineteenth century and has been found scattered throughout the Americas since the 1950s. The aim of the present study was to analyze the distribution of genetic diversity in African and Brazilian populations of the cattle egret to understand the process of colonization of the non-native area in the Brazil. Genetic variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Control Region (CR) (n = 412 African and 177 Brazilian individuals), in ATPase 6 and 8 genes (n = 108 African and 49 Brazilian individuals) and in the intron 5 of the nuclear transforming growth factor beta-2 gene (n = 96 African and 50 Brazilian individuals) were evaluated. Genetic diversity across regions of Africa was similar, except for the lesser diversity found in South Africa. Neutrality tests, mismatch distributions and Bayesian skyline plots revealed demographic expansion in the overall African population, dated by the latter method as 15000 years before the present, occurred after the last glacial maximum. The findings were discussed hypothesizing that past climatic events have shaped the current distribution of genetic diversity. AMOVA and pairwise Fst tests revealed a lack of differentiation among nearly all African populations. The few cases of differentiation involved the South African and/or Nigerian populations. Brazilian populations exhibited no genetic structure or effective size deviations over time. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genetic variability demonstrated similar levels of genetic variation between the Brazilian and African populations, suggesting multiple introduction events. Based on historical and genetic data (differentiation levels and shared haplotypes), we propose a likely migration route between both continents departing from West Africa, passing through oceanic islands and archipelagos, such as Cape Verde, and finally arriving in the Americas on the northern and/or southern coast of Brazil.
Síntese de complexos semi-sanduíche n6-p-cimeno- Ru(II) contendo ligantes binitrogenados, interação com o DNA e potenciais atividades farmacológicas / Legna Andreina Colina Vegas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-26)
Colina Vegas, Legna Andreina
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6588460663135481
The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, crystal structures and electrochemistry of π-arene piano-stool ruthenium (II) complexes with pyridine or derivatives as nitrogen donor ligands are described. A series of six organometallic compounds of formulae [RuCl(η6-p-cymene)(N∩N)]PF6 [N∩N=1,10’-phenantroline (phen), 4,7’-diphenil-1,10’-phenantroline (phphen), 2,2’-bipyridine (bipy), 5,5’-dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridine (mebipy), 4,4’-dimethoxi-2,2’-bipyridine (meobipy) and 4,4’-di-t-buthyl-2,2’-bipyridine (butbipy)]were synthesized and fully characterized. The solid state structures of the six complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography and their characterization was completed by FT-IR spectroscopy, molar conductivity and NMR studies (1H and 13C). Electrochemical experiments were performed by cyclic voltammetry to estimate the redox potential of the Ru(II)/Ru(III) couple and this potential does not vary significantly between the complexes. Additionally, spectroscopic titration with DNAct were done, to estimate interaction constants between the metal complex and this macromolecule. The values of the constants indicate a reversible interaction with DNA, which is in concordance with the literature.
Relação entre dois livros didáticos e os documentos oficiais de língua inglesa na rede pública : o que a análise de abordagem revela?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Oliveira, Scarlett Matteussi de
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Barbirato, Rita de Cassia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727
Our purpose in this qualitative-interpretative documental research is to investigate the relation that can be established between the underlying approach of two English language teaching coursebooks used in São Paulo State´s public schools, more specifically, the Notebooks of São Paulo State and Keep in Mind, both for the 6th grade. The purpose is to also investigate the principles stated in the official documents which are the basis for the English teaching in Brazil and in the State, for instance, the National Curriculum Parameters (1998) and the English as Foreign Language Curriculum Proposal of São Paulo State (2008). The establishment of this relation would only be possible by analyzing primarily the approach of the English language teaching coursebooks, one at a time, through their proposed activities and, later, by verifying if these approaches are coherent with the conceptions found in the official documents. The central argument of this study is our need to help teachers comprehend the documents that influence the English language teaching as well as to evaluate the coursebooks available to teachers. We assume that teachers shouldn´t be mere implementers (DIAS, 2009) but they need to develop their critical eye towards the theoretical bases that underlie those proposals because through their understanding, teachers can create/ adapt the coursebook according to the needs of their specific context (CUNNINGSWORTH, 1984; RICHARDS, 2005). The data analysis revealed that the coursebooks have different approaches and the official documents are only partially reflected in them, showing that there is incoherence between the theoretical bases of official documents and the theory underlying the proposed activities of both the Notebook and Keep in Mind. These findings can present problems to teachers as they must work with two different approaches in two very diverse coursebooks. Keywords: coursebooks, approach, English language, English as a Foreign Language Curriculum Proposal of São Paulo State, National Curriculum Parameters for Foreign Language.
Uma proposta de abordagem da matemática financeira no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Marchioni, Aparecida Patrícia Roberto
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Soares, Márcio de Jesus
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3273672989988386
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7090210535504207
This work intends to show the preparation and application of a Teaching Sequence on Mathematical Finance with two Middle School 3rd grade classes of a state school in São Paulo inland. The research methodology applied was Didactic Engineering. The study started by the research about the way Mathematical Finance was and is treated in Brazilian education, especially on the plans of São Paulo State, and about the knowledge of the two Middle School last grade classes on the subject. This work arose from the observations done, intending to relate the Mathematical Finance study with the mathematical concepts in the base, like the arithmetic and the geometric progressions and the increase factor, so avoiding the use of known by heart formulas, the most meaningless for the student. The proposed problems consist of current and fundamental applications for the student to analyze and make rational decisions in the product purchase options, as well as adherence to financing like that provided by the FIES (Student Financing Fund), highly publicized today.
Estudo fitoquímico de Annona sylvatica (Annonaceae). Avaliação das atividades inseticida e fungicida frente às formigas cortadeiras e seu fungo simbionte e ao gorgulho do milho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Gimenes, Leila
;
Fernandes, João Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4578530150842037
The leaf-cutting ants are social species, living in permanent colonies. The genera of the greater importance, Atta (saúvas) and Acromyrmex (quenquéns), are the major plagues of Brazilian agriculture, to cause serious damages by its large and uncontrolled grazing, which leads to serious economic losses for many agrosystems. In the same way, the corn maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, belonging to the family Curculionidae, is the major pest species of stored corn. The corn grains are drilled and damaged by larvae and adults, causing numerous qualitative and quantitative losses of corn grains disabling its marketing. As the consequence, the effective control of these plagues is extremely important for agriculture and economy that aims to provide the nacional and international market quality products with high commercial value. In this context, the phytochemistry study of Annona sylvatica provides an alternative way to control these plagues, since that studies of these species showed a wide variety of natural products with promising activities, including, insecticide and fungicide, due to the large presence of acetogenins and lignans as secondary metabolites. This study allowed the isolation of fourteen compounds (four lignans, four acetogenins, three alkaloids and three steroids), however were identified eleven compounds due to the high structural complexity presented for the acetogenins. The identification techniques employed have been using single and two-dimensional spectra of 1H and 13C NMR and Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/NMR; HPLC/ESI-MS/MS e HPLC/APCI-MS/MS). For the biological tests, the ethanolic extract of the seeds stood out as potentially toxic to three bioassays cited above. The leaves and branches dichlorometanic fractions obtained by liquid-liquid partitioning of the extracts were toxic for leaf-cutting ants and their symbiotic fungus. Among the acetogenins isolated, only one of them showed a significant activity against corn maize weevil.
Investigação do potencial antimicrobiano de Casearia sylvestris sobre microrganismo endossimbionte de Diabrotica speciosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Marques, Fabiana Aparecida
;
Forim, Moacir Rossi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1362671256884870
Diabrotica speciosa is a pest insect which occurs in most Brazilian states, standing out as one of the most important polyphagous pest of in grain crops. The understand of the role of the microbiota present in the digestive tract and of this insect the identification of ways to interfer or even to eliminate this microbial flora they are knowlegdes that, may lead mode of action to control of the pest insect. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the microbial diversity present in the digestive tract of larvae and adults of D. speciosa and in the sometime, to investigate the potential of C. sylvestris as an antimicrobial agent. As results, they were obtained 21 bacterial isolates and 8 fungal isolates. The proteic profile of these microrganisms were analyzed by using MALDI-TOF/MS. Afterwards, these data were grouped identifying clusters of isolates. A bacteria each groups was identified by rDNA sequencing, 16S region. Identified bacteria were: Pantoea agglomerans, Luteibacter sp., Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas temperans Acidovorax sp. Two isolated fungi were identified through morphological comparison with literature data, and identified as Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. A further study was carried out with Luteibacter sp bacteria, which were isolated from D. speciosa larva. In this study was evaluated growth profile and the parameters to carry out the antimicrobial assay. Several kind of microbial assays were investigated such as agar diffusion and microdilution plate ELISA®. The second method showed the best results. Thus, a microdiluition methodology using fluorometric assay, was developed and validated, highlighting parameter such as linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, robustness, recovery, limites of detection, quantification and detection, etc. This method was applied evaluating extracts, fraction and secondary molecules of cerrado plants. Phytochemical study of C. sylvestris leaves resulted in the isolation of an umpublished tricyclic sesquiterpene, the flavonoid catechin and a clerodane diterpene, which was used as a reference marker in chromatographic method to quality control of the extracts and fractions of C. sylvestris that were used in assays.
Ocorrência de parasitoides associados a pragas do milho (Zea mays L.) cultivado em diferentes sistemas de produção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Silva, Rafael Braga da
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3562628771240935
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of parasitoids of the major pests of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivated in different production systems. The experiment was conducted at the Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in Sete Lagoas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in conventional production systems, organic, organic intercropped with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and organic exclusive. In the collections of plants made in conventional maize and organic maize were only obtained larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda, with the emergence of the parasitoids Archytas sp.1, Archytas sp.2, Cotesia sp., Dolichozele koebelei, Eiphosoma laphygmae, Eiphosoma sp.1, Eiphosoma sp.2, Euplectrus sp., Exasticolus sp. nov., Hyphantrophaga sp. and Winthemia sp. Cremastinae species and Ophion flavidus occurred in organic maize; Campoletis sp. in conventional maize. In the ear of conventional maize and ear of organic maize were obtained larvae of Diatraea saccharalis, Dichomeris famulata, Euxesta spp., Helicoverpa zea, Megaselia seticauda and S. frugiperda. Megaselia seticauda was first reported in the ears of maize in Brazil. The parasitoids obtained from the ears of conventional maize and organic maize in S. frugiperda were: Hyphantrophaga sp. occurring in both areas, Glyptapanteles sp. only in the conventional maize and Microcharops sp. only in the organic maize, for H. zea in the organic maize parasitized larvae were not obtained, in the conventional maize, occurred the parasitoids Aleiodes sp. and Copidosoma sp. Apanteles sp. and Phanerotoma sp. occurred on D. famulata in the conventional maize and organic maize; Chelonus (Microchelonus) sp. nov., Microcharops sp. and Perilampus sp. occurred only in the conventional maize. Apsilophrys sp. occurred only in organic maize. These are the first records of Apanteles sp., Chelonus (Microchelonus) sp. nov., Microcharops sp., Perilampus sp. and Phanerotoma sp. on D. famulata. In Euxesta spp. in the organic maize were not obtained larvaes killed by parasitoids in the conventional maize on Euxesta spp. occurred the parasitoid Dettmeria sp. About D. saccharalis and M. seticauda, there were not obtained parasitoids. In the collections of stalks of conventional maize and organic maize, there was a prevalence of D. saccharalis, S. frugiperda occurred only in conventional maize. There were not observed larvaes of S. frugiperda killed by parasitoids, but for D. saccharalis, occurred, in two areas, the parasitoid Lixophaga sp. In the collections of plants, in the organic maize exclusive and organic maize intercropped with beans, the parasitoids obtained from the larvae of S. frugiperda were Archytas sp., Campoletis sp., Cotesia sp., D. koebelei, E. laphygmae, Eiphosoma sp.1, Eiphosoma sp.2, Eiphosoma sp.3, Eiphosoma sp.4, Eiphosoma sp.5, Glyptapanteles sp., Microcharops sp. and O. flavidus. The parasitoids Aprostocetus sp., Chelonus insularis, Colpotrochia sp. nov. and Ichneumoninae were observed only in the exclusive organic maize, while Apanteles sp. and Eiphosoma sp.6 only in the organic maize intercropped with beans. From the pests of the ear of maize collected in the organic maize exclusive and in the organic maize intercropped with beans occurred larvaes of D. famulata, Euxesta spp., H. zea, M. seticauda and S. frugiperda. From these only larvaes of H. zea and D. famulata were parasitized. The index of parasitism of H. zea by Archytas sp. was similar in both areas, the parasitoid of D. famulata, Apsilophrys sp. was observed in all samples of organic maize intercropped with beans, but it did not occur in any collection of the exclusive organic maize. In these samples were not obtained for parasitoids Euxesta spp., M. seticauda and S. frugiperda. In the collections of stalks in organic maize exclusive and organic maize intercropped with beans were obtained only larvaes of D. saccharalis without the occurrence of parasitoids. In both experiments the number of larvaes of the pests collected was low, new associations and new species of parasitoids reported represent the possibility of the exploitation of these natural enemies in the control of pests in the culture of maize.
Análise de projetos agrícolas do fundo distrital de desenvolvimento em Chibuto, Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Matusse, Joana Manuel
;
Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6629009771883691
This research examines the implementation of agricultural projects benefited from the District Development Fund (FDD), taking as if the District of Chibuto, Mozambique. Considering the characteristics of the country, the relevance of the FDD and the need to have a higher rate of payment of these projects highlights the need to study these projects, despite their increased over the years, has led to low rates compared financial resources to pay the FDD. Therefore, compromises the multiplier effect of these financial resources that should benefit more community development projects. For the preparation of this paper was applied to semi-structured interview managers FDD District and the methodology was used "snowball" in the selection of farmers interviewed, where the inclusion of informants was progressive as one respondent indicated behalf of another interviewee. Applied questionnaire with closed and open questions about the implementation of the projects. It was found that most farmers and agricultural associations are delinquent on the payment of the FDD, even with money incomes satisfactory and that some aspects of technical, institutional and human influence in the payment of the FDD. It is imperative to recast the management mechanisms FDD accompanied by other public policies.