Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2013-03-26"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 18093

Estudos fitoquímicos e avaliação da atividade antitumoral de extratos vegetais de Casearia sylvestris nanoencapsulados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-26)
Santos, Karen Cristina dos
;
Forim, Moacir Rossi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8077173096185048
The term cancer refers to neoplasias that are characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells that have some kind of genetic mutation. Prostate cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence in men. In its initial phase, the prostate cancer is hormone dependent, so current therapy is based on blocking the biosynthesis of hormones, but after the initial treatment, neoplastic cells grow back inordinately becoming resistant to treatment. Although there are drugs in clinical trials, it´s still necessary the search for molecules that exhibit activity against prostate cancer cells. Natural products have a great importance in cancer treatment. Due to its past history of beneficial effects on human health and especially its cytotoxic activity on cancer cells, the plant Casearia sylvestris was studied. However, the insolubility and low bioavailability in aqueous media hamper the use of these compounds. In an attempt to reduce this limitation, nanostructured systems for drug delivery have been recognized as promising vehicles. Polymeric nanoparticles have been used to overcome problems of solubility, bioavailability and aiming the target cells (tumor). The purpose of this work was the preparation of formulations of polymeric nanoparticles containing plant extract of C. sylvestris and evaluation of cytotoxic activity in cell lines and healthy prostate carcinoma. Thus, 3 factorial 22 designs were developed, and parameters as solution stability, recovery and encapsulation efficiency were considered. The nanoparticles were prepared by the method of nanoprecipitation, and the stability, recovery and encapsulation efficiency were satisfactory. In biological tests, the nanoparticles formulations showed selectivity up to 23 % on healthy and neoplastic cells, decreasing the viability of prostate carcinoma cells by 45%. Therefore, plant extracts of C. sylvestris shown to be active in cancer cells, and polymeric nanoparticle delivery systems may be promising in the treatment of prostate carcinoma.
Filogeografia de Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) na África e o processo de colonização do continente americano por essa espécie
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-26)
Castillo, Carlos Congrains
;
Del Lama, Sílvia Nassif
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6507370808858197
The cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis [Ardeidae]) was first reported in the New World in the late nineteenth century and has been found scattered throughout the Americas since the 1950s. The aim of the present study was to analyze the distribution of genetic diversity in African and Brazilian populations of the cattle egret to understand the process of colonization of the non-native area in the Brazil. Genetic variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Control Region (CR) (n = 412 African and 177 Brazilian individuals), in ATPase 6 and 8 genes (n = 108 African and 49 Brazilian individuals) and in the intron 5 of the nuclear transforming growth factor beta-2 gene (n = 96 African and 50 Brazilian individuals) were evaluated. Genetic diversity across regions of Africa was similar, except for the lesser diversity found in South Africa. Neutrality tests, mismatch distributions and Bayesian skyline plots revealed demographic expansion in the overall African population, dated by the latter method as 15000 years before the present, occurred after the last glacial maximum. The findings were discussed hypothesizing that past climatic events have shaped the current distribution of genetic diversity. AMOVA and pairwise Fst tests revealed a lack of differentiation among nearly all African populations. The few cases of differentiation involved the South African and/or Nigerian populations. Brazilian populations exhibited no genetic structure or effective size deviations over time. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genetic variability demonstrated similar levels of genetic variation between the Brazilian and African populations, suggesting multiple introduction events. Based on historical and genetic data (differentiation levels and shared haplotypes), we propose a likely migration route between both continents departing from West Africa, passing through oceanic islands and archipelagos, such as Cape Verde, and finally arriving in the Americas on the northern and/or southern coast of Brazil.
Síntese de complexos semi-sanduíche n6-p-cimeno- Ru(II) contendo ligantes binitrogenados, interação com o DNA e potenciais atividades farmacológicas / Legna Andreina Colina Vegas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-26)
Colina Vegas, Legna Andreina
;
Batista, Alzir Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6588460663135481
The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, crystal structures and electrochemistry of π-arene piano-stool ruthenium (II) complexes with pyridine or derivatives as nitrogen donor ligands are described. A series of six organometallic compounds of formulae [RuCl(η6-p-cymene)(N∩N)]PF6 [N∩N=1,10’-phenantroline (phen), 4,7’-diphenil-1,10’-phenantroline (phphen), 2,2’-bipyridine (bipy), 5,5’-dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridine (mebipy), 4,4’-dimethoxi-2,2’-bipyridine (meobipy) and 4,4’-di-t-buthyl-2,2’-bipyridine (butbipy)]were synthesized and fully characterized. The solid state structures of the six complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography and their characterization was completed by FT-IR spectroscopy, molar conductivity and NMR studies (1H and 13C). Electrochemical experiments were performed by cyclic voltammetry to estimate the redox potential of the Ru(II)/Ru(III) couple and this potential does not vary significantly between the complexes. Additionally, spectroscopic titration with DNAct were done, to estimate interaction constants between the metal complex and this macromolecule. The values of the constants indicate a reversible interaction with DNA, which is in concordance with the literature.
Relação entre dois livros didáticos e os documentos oficiais de língua inglesa na rede pública : o que a análise de abordagem revela?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Oliveira, Scarlett Matteussi de
;
Barbirato, Rita de Cassia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727
Our purpose in this qualitative-interpretative documental research is to investigate the relation that can be established between the underlying approach of two English language teaching coursebooks used in São Paulo State´s public schools, more specifically, the Notebooks of São Paulo State and Keep in Mind, both for the 6th grade. The purpose is to also investigate the principles stated in the official documents which are the basis for the English teaching in Brazil and in the State, for instance, the National Curriculum Parameters (1998) and the English as Foreign Language Curriculum Proposal of São Paulo State (2008). The establishment of this relation would only be possible by analyzing primarily the approach of the English language teaching coursebooks, one at a time, through their proposed activities and, later, by verifying if these approaches are coherent with the conceptions found in the official documents. The central argument of this study is our need to help teachers comprehend the documents that influence the English language teaching as well as to evaluate the coursebooks available to teachers. We assume that teachers shouldn´t be mere implementers (DIAS, 2009) but they need to develop their critical eye towards the theoretical bases that underlie those proposals because through their understanding, teachers can create/ adapt the coursebook according to the needs of their specific context (CUNNINGSWORTH, 1984; RICHARDS, 2005). The data analysis revealed that the coursebooks have different approaches and the official documents are only partially reflected in them, showing that there is incoherence between the theoretical bases of official documents and the theory underlying the proposed activities of both the Notebook and Keep in Mind. These findings can present problems to teachers as they must work with two different approaches in two very diverse coursebooks. Keywords: coursebooks, approach, English language, English as a Foreign Language Curriculum Proposal of São Paulo State, National Curriculum Parameters for Foreign Language.
Uma proposta de abordagem da matemática financeira no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Marchioni, Aparecida Patrícia Roberto
;
Soares, Márcio de Jesus
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3273672989988386
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7090210535504207
This work intends to show the preparation and application of a Teaching Sequence on Mathematical Finance with two Middle School 3rd grade classes of a state school in São Paulo inland. The research methodology applied was Didactic Engineering. The study started by the research about the way Mathematical Finance was and is treated in Brazilian education, especially on the plans of São Paulo State, and about the knowledge of the two Middle School last grade classes on the subject. This work arose from the observations done, intending to relate the Mathematical Finance study with the mathematical concepts in the base, like the arithmetic and the geometric progressions and the increase factor, so avoiding the use of known by heart formulas, the most meaningless for the student. The proposed problems consist of current and fundamental applications for the student to analyze and make rational decisions in the product purchase options, as well as adherence to financing like that provided by the FIES (Student Financing Fund), highly publicized today.
Estudo fitoquímico de Annona sylvatica (Annonaceae). Avaliação das atividades inseticida e fungicida frente às formigas cortadeiras e seu fungo simbionte e ao gorgulho do milho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Gimenes, Leila
;
Fernandes, João Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4578530150842037
The leaf-cutting ants are social species, living in permanent colonies. The genera of the greater importance, Atta (saúvas) and Acromyrmex (quenquéns), are the major plagues of Brazilian agriculture, to cause serious damages by its large and uncontrolled grazing, which leads to serious economic losses for many agrosystems. In the same way, the corn maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, belonging to the family Curculionidae, is the major pest species of stored corn. The corn grains are drilled and damaged by larvae and adults, causing numerous qualitative and quantitative losses of corn grains disabling its marketing. As the consequence, the effective control of these plagues is extremely important for agriculture and economy that aims to provide the nacional and international market quality products with high commercial value. In this context, the phytochemistry study of Annona sylvatica provides an alternative way to control these plagues, since that studies of these species showed a wide variety of natural products with promising activities, including, insecticide and fungicide, due to the large presence of acetogenins and lignans as secondary metabolites. This study allowed the isolation of fourteen compounds (four lignans, four acetogenins, three alkaloids and three steroids), however were identified eleven compounds due to the high structural complexity presented for the acetogenins. The identification techniques employed have been using single and two-dimensional spectra of 1H and 13C NMR and Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/NMR; HPLC/ESI-MS/MS e HPLC/APCI-MS/MS). For the biological tests, the ethanolic extract of the seeds stood out as potentially toxic to three bioassays cited above. The leaves and branches dichlorometanic fractions obtained by liquid-liquid partitioning of the extracts were toxic for leaf-cutting ants and their symbiotic fungus. Among the acetogenins isolated, only one of them showed a significant activity against corn maize weevil.
Investigação do potencial antimicrobiano de Casearia sylvestris sobre microrganismo endossimbionte de Diabrotica speciosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Marques, Fabiana Aparecida
;
Forim, Moacir Rossi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1362671256884870
Diabrotica speciosa is a pest insect which occurs in most Brazilian states, standing out as one of the most important polyphagous pest of in grain crops. The understand of the role of the microbiota present in the digestive tract and of this insect the identification of ways to interfer or even to eliminate this microbial flora they are knowlegdes that, may lead mode of action to control of the pest insect. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the microbial diversity present in the digestive tract of larvae and adults of D. speciosa and in the sometime, to investigate the potential of C. sylvestris as an antimicrobial agent. As results, they were obtained 21 bacterial isolates and 8 fungal isolates. The proteic profile of these microrganisms were analyzed by using MALDI-TOF/MS. Afterwards, these data were grouped identifying clusters of isolates. A bacteria each groups was identified by rDNA sequencing, 16S region. Identified bacteria were: Pantoea agglomerans, Luteibacter sp., Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas temperans Acidovorax sp. Two isolated fungi were identified through morphological comparison with literature data, and identified as Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. A further study was carried out with Luteibacter sp bacteria, which were isolated from D. speciosa larva. In this study was evaluated growth profile and the parameters to carry out the antimicrobial assay. Several kind of microbial assays were investigated such as agar diffusion and microdilution plate ELISA®. The second method showed the best results. Thus, a microdiluition methodology using fluorometric assay, was developed and validated, highlighting parameter such as linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, robustness, recovery, limites of detection, quantification and detection, etc. This method was applied evaluating extracts, fraction and secondary molecules of cerrado plants. Phytochemical study of C. sylvestris leaves resulted in the isolation of an umpublished tricyclic sesquiterpene, the flavonoid catechin and a clerodane diterpene, which was used as a reference marker in chromatographic method to quality control of the extracts and fractions of C. sylvestris that were used in assays.
Ocorrência de parasitoides associados a pragas do milho (Zea mays L.) cultivado em diferentes sistemas de produção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Silva, Rafael Braga da
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3562628771240935
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of parasitoids of the major pests of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivated in different production systems. The experiment was conducted at the Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in Sete Lagoas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in conventional production systems, organic, organic intercropped with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and organic exclusive. In the collections of plants made in conventional maize and organic maize were only obtained larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda, with the emergence of the parasitoids Archytas sp.1, Archytas sp.2, Cotesia sp., Dolichozele koebelei, Eiphosoma laphygmae, Eiphosoma sp.1, Eiphosoma sp.2, Euplectrus sp., Exasticolus sp. nov., Hyphantrophaga sp. and Winthemia sp. Cremastinae species and Ophion flavidus occurred in organic maize; Campoletis sp. in conventional maize. In the ear of conventional maize and ear of organic maize were obtained larvae of Diatraea saccharalis, Dichomeris famulata, Euxesta spp., Helicoverpa zea, Megaselia seticauda and S. frugiperda. Megaselia seticauda was first reported in the ears of maize in Brazil. The parasitoids obtained from the ears of conventional maize and organic maize in S. frugiperda were: Hyphantrophaga sp. occurring in both areas, Glyptapanteles sp. only in the conventional maize and Microcharops sp. only in the organic maize, for H. zea in the organic maize parasitized larvae were not obtained, in the conventional maize, occurred the parasitoids Aleiodes sp. and Copidosoma sp. Apanteles sp. and Phanerotoma sp. occurred on D. famulata in the conventional maize and organic maize; Chelonus (Microchelonus) sp. nov., Microcharops sp. and Perilampus sp. occurred only in the conventional maize. Apsilophrys sp. occurred only in organic maize. These are the first records of Apanteles sp., Chelonus (Microchelonus) sp. nov., Microcharops sp., Perilampus sp. and Phanerotoma sp. on D. famulata. In Euxesta spp. in the organic maize were not obtained larvaes killed by parasitoids in the conventional maize on Euxesta spp. occurred the parasitoid Dettmeria sp. About D. saccharalis and M. seticauda, there were not obtained parasitoids. In the collections of stalks of conventional maize and organic maize, there was a prevalence of D. saccharalis, S. frugiperda occurred only in conventional maize. There were not observed larvaes of S. frugiperda killed by parasitoids, but for D. saccharalis, occurred, in two areas, the parasitoid Lixophaga sp. In the collections of plants, in the organic maize exclusive and organic maize intercropped with beans, the parasitoids obtained from the larvae of S. frugiperda were Archytas sp., Campoletis sp., Cotesia sp., D. koebelei, E. laphygmae, Eiphosoma sp.1, Eiphosoma sp.2, Eiphosoma sp.3, Eiphosoma sp.4, Eiphosoma sp.5, Glyptapanteles sp., Microcharops sp. and O. flavidus. The parasitoids Aprostocetus sp., Chelonus insularis, Colpotrochia sp. nov. and Ichneumoninae were observed only in the exclusive organic maize, while Apanteles sp. and Eiphosoma sp.6 only in the organic maize intercropped with beans. From the pests of the ear of maize collected in the organic maize exclusive and in the organic maize intercropped with beans occurred larvaes of D. famulata, Euxesta spp., H. zea, M. seticauda and S. frugiperda. From these only larvaes of H. zea and D. famulata were parasitized. The index of parasitism of H. zea by Archytas sp. was similar in both areas, the parasitoid of D. famulata, Apsilophrys sp. was observed in all samples of organic maize intercropped with beans, but it did not occur in any collection of the exclusive organic maize. In these samples were not obtained for parasitoids Euxesta spp., M. seticauda and S. frugiperda. In the collections of stalks in organic maize exclusive and organic maize intercropped with beans were obtained only larvaes of D. saccharalis without the occurrence of parasitoids. In both experiments the number of larvaes of the pests collected was low, new associations and new species of parasitoids reported represent the possibility of the exploitation of these natural enemies in the control of pests in the culture of maize.
Análise de projetos agrícolas do fundo distrital de desenvolvimento em Chibuto, Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Matusse, Joana Manuel
;
Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6629009771883691
This research examines the implementation of agricultural projects benefited from the District Development Fund (FDD), taking as if the District of Chibuto, Mozambique. Considering the characteristics of the country, the relevance of the FDD and the need to have a higher rate of payment of these projects highlights the need to study these projects, despite their increased over the years, has led to low rates compared financial resources to pay the FDD. Therefore, compromises the multiplier effect of these financial resources that should benefit more community development projects. For the preparation of this paper was applied to semi-structured interview managers FDD District and the methodology was used "snowball" in the selection of farmers interviewed, where the inclusion of informants was progressive as one respondent indicated behalf of another interviewee. Applied questionnaire with closed and open questions about the implementation of the projects. It was found that most farmers and agricultural associations are delinquent on the payment of the FDD, even with money incomes satisfactory and that some aspects of technical, institutional and human influence in the payment of the FDD. It is imperative to recast the management mechanisms FDD accompanied by other public policies.
Aprendizagem por exclusão em indivíduo com diferentes perfis de desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Langsdorff, Luiza Augusta de Oliveira Costa
;
Domeniconi, Camila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9200901105910977
It is noticed that children learn about 14.000 words to the age of five years old. One of the phenomenon related to this remarkable language development is known as exclusion responding. This responding, described as the immediate selection of an undefined comparison stimulus given and also undefined stimulus, excluding familiar stimuli, is being robustly verified among different populations. It s been also noticed that learning the relation between the new stimuli does not seem to occur through a single exclusion trial. However, exclusion trials have revealed itself an efficient procedure to teach new relations to individuals with typical and atypical development. This study, carried out with 22 participants where 8 had typical development, 11 had autism and 3 had Down syndrome and ages five to 46 years old, investigated, from a particular set of procedures and learning tests, the number of exclusion trials needed for the participants to learn the relations between undefined figures and undefined dictated names. At each trial, the researcher said a word and the participant selected one figure out of three that he/she considered correct. The procedure consisted of five phases: base line (1), introduction of the mask as neutral stimulus (2), exclusion trials (3), learning tests (4) and a nomination test (5). Phases 3 and 4 were repeated until learning was observed or until the number of 10 repetitions was reached. The procedure was replicated for four times, and the relations between the undefined dictated words Mido, Fani, Duca, Pagu and its respective figures were teached. All participants completed phases 1 and 2; 21 participants responded by exclusion; 19 participants learned all the relations presented. Concerning the amount of exclusion trials needed for learning the relation between new dictated names and figures, it was observed that a variation from 2 (the minimum programmed by the procedure) to 10 trials were needed for the learning of each stimuli pair to occur. Despite the relative variation, it is clear that the data were mostly concentrated on the minimum number of repetitions (2) and this was the trend line observed for the learning of all the stimuli pairs. The observed average was 2,1 trias for two of the stimuli pairs (Pagu and Duca) with standard deviations equal to 0,1. For the learning of Mido and Fani were needed, in average, 2,6 and 3,2 exclusion trials, with standard deviations 1,8 and 0,9 respectively. It is considered that the experimental conditions favored the learning outcomes and the typically used procedure can be configured in a kind of teaching technology of arbitrary relations and widely used in different educational contexts.
Análise das habilidades sociais de adolescentes com e sem indicadores de dotação e influências sociodemográficas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Martins, Cláudia Solange Rossi
;
Del Prette, Almir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366692380553498
The issue of social performance of gifted individuals is a topic full of controversy in the specific literature for the fact that it brings antagonistic opinions on their predispositions to submit or not a social adjustment, especially in the stage of adolescence. The first position argues that, in general, they are more socially adjusted in relation to their peers without indication of giftedness because they understand that their high cognitive ability gives them a higher level of sensitivity to cope with interpersonal problems. The second position considers that the gifted have greater difficulty in social adjustment, because their extreme sensitivity leads to the adoption of the conducts poorly understood by peers, generating very poor social adjustments. Although the causes of such difficulties are less known, studies suggest that, in many cases, difficulties in social interactions result from a deficit social repertoire. Before, the general objective of this study was to analyze the social skills of adolescents with and without giftedness indicators and sociodemographic influences. As specific goals, the study sought to: (1) characterize the sample starting sociodemographic data (gender, age, education, advancement, economic class, degree of responsible financial of the family); (2) to compare difficulties and frequencies of these social repertoires; (3) to compare and to relate the frequencies and difficulties of their social repertoires to the sociodemographic variables and participation in other environments.The target population was consisted of 132 adolescents aged 12 to 18 of whom 72 were identified as gifted and 60 without indication of giftedness, all belonging to regular public schools in Lavras - Minas Gerais, Southern Brazil. Three selfreport instruments were used to collect data: the Economic Classification Criteria Brazil (CCEB); an Academic Data Form (FDA), and the Inventory of Social Skills of adolescents (IHSA-Del Prette). Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, inferential and multivariate, using the statistical software SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions). The results obtained from the characterization sample a from sociodemographic data showed starting from an equivalent distribution between the two groups. Similarly, the results obtained from the comparison between the frequencies and difficulties of the social repertories in this sample, revealed no significant difference between the groups regarding the frequency of social skills. However, they revealed difficulty on the subescale Affective Approach to the gifted adolescents. The comparison between the frequencies of difficulties and social repertoires sample to the sociodemographic variables and participation in other environments, not reveal significant differences between groups in variables: age, economic class, and instruction of the person who is financially responsible for the family. However it revealed significant differences between groups in variables: gender, education, advancement and participation in other environments. Finally the results of the relation between the frequencies of the repertoires and social difficulties of the sample, in relation to sociodemographic variables and participation in other environments showed significance only in some cases, for both groups. These results are similar to most of those obtained in other studies on the social repertoire of gifted adolescents, and show their relevance to indicate data on their actual social needs.
Controle das propriedades estatísticas do campo e biestabilidade óptica em eletrodinâmica quântica de cavidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Souza, James Alves de
;
Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
We investigate in this thesis the control of absorptive optical bistability in a standing wave optical cavity filled with a collection of two and three-level noninteracting atoms weakly coupled to a single electromagnetic mode of a optical resonator. The observed control for the three-level configuration happens under cavity coherent population trapping conditions, it is sensitive to the induced atomic coherence in the system and it can be manipulated through different parameters. We propose some applications presenting a new effect, named by ourselves as complementary optical bistability. It is very interesting to exploit bistability phenomenon to perform bistable cascade devices, such as an optical transistor. We also study the all-optical control of the quantum fuctuations of a beam via a combination of single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Specifically, the EIT control field is used to tune the CQED transition frequencies in and out of resonance with the probe light. In this way, single-photon and two-photon blockade and anti-blockade effects are employed to produce sub-Poissonian and super-Poissonian light fields, respectively. The achievable quantum control paves the way towards the realization of a prototype of a quantum transistor which amplifies or attenuates the noise. Its feasibility is demonstrated by calculations using realistic parameters from recent experiments.
Estudo fitoquímico de Conchocarpus marginatus (Rutaceae), e avaliação do potencial biológico dos compostos isolados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27)
Bellete, Barbara Sayuri
;
Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5893633998701597
The specie Conchocarpus marginatus is native from Espírito Santo. This plant, that was recently reclassified by PIRANI e KALLUNKI, does not show chemical or biological data in literature yet. In this way, the phytochemical study of Co. marginatus described in this work, aim to contributed to chemosystematic of Rutaceae family, and a better classification of this genus in the family. The study allowed the isolation and identification of 12 substances, and were found mainly alkaloids derived from antranilic acid. They are: 2-phenyl-1- methyl-quinolin-4-one (11), 2-phenyl-1-methyl-7-methoxy-quinolin-4-one (12), 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-metilacridone (6), Arborinine (7), Methyl-arborinine (8), 1-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-N-metilacridone (10), 1,2,3,6-tetramethoxyacridone (9), 1,2,3,6-tetramethoxy-N-metilacridone (4) e 1-hydroxy-2,3,6- trimethoxy-N-metilacridone (5). The last four substances are new structures. Two different biological assays were performed with some isolated compounds. Assays in vitro of chlorophyll inhibition were performed in chloroplasts isolated from spinach leaves, aiming to found models to new photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides, by study of Chl a fluorescence. Substances isolated from Co. marginatus analysed in this assay were active, and the substance 9 was the most active in Chl a fluorescence measures. This result indicates that this molecule could damage the OEC complex and one of his action site is located in FSII, binding to Qa environment. In cytotoxic assays, the substance 6 is the more promising molecule against cancerígenas MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-460 (non-small cell lung cancer) and A375-C5 (melanoma) cancer cells, showing respectively GJ50 values of 25, 20 e 22 μM.
Histórico familiar de mulheres encarceradas: fatores de risco e proteção para os filhos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28)
Ormeño, Gabriela Isabel Reyes
;
Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9293121890121178
This dissertation was developed in the form a group of scientific papers which are interconnected in order to describe the main risk and protective factors experienced by incarcerated mothers and their children. Initially there was a systematic review of the Brazilian literature of dissertations, thesis and papers, with the theme of incarcerated women, indicating lack of continuity of studies and the need for intervention programs with greater methodological rigor involving the women and families. Secondly e reviewed the Brazilian and international literature on main characteristics of children of incarcerated womem, signaling the need for systematic research in the context of primary prevention for these children. The history of violence experienced by these women in childhood and adulthood, found the occurrence of child maltreatment, high rate of attempted suicide, intimate partner and violence victimization, a high similarity of Brazilian with the data described in the international literature. Major traumatic situations described by incarcerated women with respect to their children, indicate thus these children were exposed to intimate partner violence, and child abuse suffered as a form of discipline. Incarcerated mothers maintained ties with their children through letters or visits from their offspring to care for their children after serving their sentences. The birthrate in the mother lives of these women included a large number of pregnancies, and children, as well as lack of family planning, pointing to the neglect from the Health systems and the prison in understanding the needs experienced by this population. The parenting style received in childhood by their caregivers was also analyzed from the perception of the female prisoners, as well as the parenting style used by themselves with their own children before incarceration, showing the intergenerationality of parenting practices. By analyzing interlinked variables in the lives of incarcerated women such the history of child maltreatment of the women and family violence history we conclude the need for prevention programs to work with women in situation of incarceration, as well as with the children of these women in order to prevent intergenerational violence. It is hoped that this dissertation will subsidy the creation of public policies addressing the many risks by incarceration women and their children.
Estudos estruturais de compostos de telúrio e de docking em catepsinas B, K, L, S
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28)
Maganhi, Stella Hernandez
;
Schpector, Júlio Zukerman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1720675268286912
Cathepsins are lysosomal cysteine proteases responsible for protein turnover in our organism. In non-lysosomal environment they are related to a number of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer, autoimmune diseases and osteoporosis. Tellurium compounds have proved to be promising therapeutic agents against these diseases due to inhibition of the proteases through the formation of a Te S covalent bond with the sulfur of a catalytic cysteine. In this work the crystal and molecular structures of compounds (ptol)Te[C(H)=C(Cl)Ph]X2 (X = Cl, Br, I), butyldiiodo[(1Z)-(2- iodopent-1-en-yl)-4- tellane and their docking in Catepsine B are described. The results showed that these compounds, whose activity has not been measured, should have an inhibitory activity very similar to that of a known compound with a close structure. Moreover, it is shown that the substitution of a phenyl group for an aliphatic one should not have any influence on the activity of these kind of compounds. Also the structures of a series of dipnones were determined which were used as basis for the molecular modeling of others that could not be crystallized and for the docking studies in catepsins B, K, L and S. The results allowed establishing a model that explains their different inhibitory activities.
Síntese e caracterização de complexos de platina (II) com ligandos fosfínicos e cloroquina : estudo de suas interações com o ADN e avaliação de suas atividades citotóxicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28)
Villarreal Peña, Wilmer José
;
Batista, Alzir Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6950356730135450
In this work were synthesized and characterized complexes of general formule [Pt(P)2Cl2] and [Pt(P)2(CQ)Cl]PF6 (where (P)2= triphenylphosphine (PPh3), 1,3-bis (diphenylphosphino ) propane (dppp), 1,4-bis (diphenylphosphino) butane (dppb), 1,1 '-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene (dppf) and CQ = Chloroquine). The characterization of the complexes was performed by means of elemental analysis, conductivity, absorption spectroscopy in the infrared and UV-Visible regions (IR and UV-Vis), NMR 1H, 13C{1H}, 15N{1H}, 31P{1H}, 195Pt{1H}, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse, and mass spectrometry (in the case of chloroquine complexes). Also, the interaction of the chloroquine complexes with DNA was evaluated for calculate to the magnitude of the interaction with this important macromolecule, obtaining that the complexes showed interaction constants similar and higher than those presented by CQ and CQDP, and decrease the relative viscosity of DNA. We also evaluated the cytotoxic activity of the chloroquine complexes in the cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (human breast tumor cell lines), DU-145 (the human prostate tumor cell line), A549 (the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line), V79-4 (the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line), and the L929 (nontumor cell line from mice), showed promissory activity, mainly of the complexes 5 and 8.
Obtenção de estruturas de nanocompósitos poliméricos híbridos condutores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28)
Santos, João Paulo Ferreira
;
Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1053336670259691
In this work, hybrid electrical conductive nanocomposites structures with potential to be applied in conductive and electrostatic dissipative devices were obtained. Such structures were produced by combining two types of nanofiller in a matrix of thermosetting epoxy resin of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The nanofiller were polymeric nanofibers and conductive nanofillers: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and metallic copper nanowires (CuNWs). Three different arrangements for obtaining the structures were employed and compared. The starting materials, the electrospun nanofibers and composite structures were characterized morphologically by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, structurally by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermally by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanically by mechanical tests of short duration (tensile strength and impact) and electrically by four point probe. The results showed that the production of the structures were successfully done by two routes. In the first route, the fibrous, consisting of layers of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers, were sanduiched with epoxy resin loaded with MWCNT. Such structures exhibit electrical conductivities between 105-1012 (Ωcm) and, therefore, can be used as conductive and electrostatic dissipative devices. In a second route, by the electrospinning technique, nanofibers with embedded CuNWs or MWCNTs were produced. The results show that the nanofiber produced were nonconductive and therefore unsuitable for conduction or dissipation. Then, in a third route, nanofibers mats of PA6/polyaniline (PAni) blend and PA6/MWCNT nanocomposites were subjected to a treatment to promote surface adsorption of MWCNT resulting in conductive nanofibers mats. Such mats have been used for the production of structures. The structures exhibit conductivities in the range of 107 (Ωcm) and better combinations of elasticity modulus and impact resistance.
Exploração da organocatálise na síntese de intermediários de compostos com potencial biológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28)
Pontes, João Guilherme de Moraes
;
Paixão, Márcio Weber
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0716145669588194
In recent decades the use of small molecules acting as catalyst has emerged as a powerful tool to the synthesis of new molecules which have potential biological application. This new model of catalysis provides others advantages to conventional methods, for example, easy handling and catalyst storage, since in most cases the catalyst are stable compounds to air and moisture; cost, energy and chemical waste reduction. The Organocatalysts can interact with substrates by different modes of activation, one of these, through non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bond which has been extensively studied employing the following catalysts: ureas, thioureas, guanidines, squaramides and silanediols. Herein we is reported the 1,1-diamine-nitroethylene scaffold as a new class of organocatalyst to be explored in Michael addition reactions, which activate the acceptor in the transition state through hydrogen bonds donation. The relative easy synthesis and handling of these compounds, due no need of inert or anhydrous conditions together with the low cost of raw materials enables this new class as a potential tool to be considered and worked in the area of organocatalysis. The application of theses catalyst in the Michael additions has led to good yields and diastereoisomeric ratio. In this study we characterized the bifunctional organocatalyst using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The application of this catalyst in Michael reactions with different classes of nucleophiles and nitroolefins, led to the desired products in good reaction yields and d.r.
Estudo da cristalização da sacarose com adição de antissolvente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28)
Mantilla, Hernán Dario Rojas
;
Bernardo, André
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
In the study of the sucrose crystallization process, the nucleation phenomena and crystalline growth have been evaluated, when the systems were submitted to different solvent and operational conditions. The main objective of the present work was to study the sucrose crystallization process in solution through the partial change of the solvent. This change occurs through studied with the ethanol addition of a second solvent, a compound that reduces the solute solubility, but that is miscible in the first one. The addition of a second solvent generates a high degree of supersaturation, and promotes the formation of crystalline nuclei of smaller size to be used as seeds in industrial processes. Another objective was to study the flowability properties of particle size by determining the Hausner ratio and repose angle that allows relate some variable results obtained by the crystallization of sucrose. With the obtained results, it would be possible to improve the control of the finally properties of the crystalline product, such as crystal size distribution (CSD), crystalline habit, crystalline fluid inclusions and the formation of crystalline polymorphs.
Uma atividade experimental para o estudo de funções no ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28)
Prospero, Matheus de Barros Ramos
;
Paterlini, Roberto Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6240750958932738
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5630957744432447
Functions represent a very important area of study in mathematics due their wide range of applications in many areas of knowledge. Functions can be approached in concrete and meaningful ways. However, school textbooks often tend to an algebraization of the theme, which hinders students' understanding of the need and importance of studying functions. This work does not focus on formal definitions involved in the teaching of functions. The aim of this work is to present an experiment which allows the development of the concept of functions. The experiment is based on a proposed problem of building a box without a lid using a rectangular sheet of paper, and then calculating its volume. This experiment was carried out in two 8th year classes of a public school in Ribeirao Preto - SP, Brazil. The procedure was carried out successfully and students enjoyed it. This is a low-cost, practical project, feasible to any teacher willing to approach the theme in a practical way.