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Relação entre dois livros didáticos e os documentos oficiais de língua inglesa na rede pública : o que a análise de abordagem revela?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27) Oliveira, Scarlett Matteussi de; Barbirato, Rita de Cassia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727
Our purpose in this qualitative-interpretative documental research is to investigate the relation that can be established between the underlying approach of two English language teaching coursebooks used in São Paulo State´s public schools, more specifically, the Notebooks of São Paulo State and Keep in Mind, both for the 6th grade. The purpose is to also investigate the principles stated in the official documents which are the basis for the English teaching in Brazil and in the State, for instance, the National Curriculum Parameters (1998) and the English as Foreign Language Curriculum Proposal of São Paulo State (2008). The establishment of this relation would only be possible by analyzing primarily the approach of the English language teaching coursebooks, one at a time, through their proposed activities and, later, by verifying if these approaches are coherent with the conceptions found in the official documents. The central argument of this study is our need to help teachers comprehend the documents that influence the English language teaching as well as to evaluate the coursebooks available to teachers. We assume that teachers shouldn´t be mere implementers (DIAS, 2009) but they need to develop their critical eye towards the theoretical bases that underlie those proposals because through their understanding, teachers can create/ adapt the coursebook according to the needs of their specific context (CUNNINGSWORTH, 1984; RICHARDS, 2005). The data analysis revealed that the coursebooks have different approaches and the official documents are only partially reflected in them, showing that there is incoherence between the theoretical bases of official documents and the theory underlying the proposed activities of both the Notebook and Keep in Mind. These findings can present problems to teachers as they must work with two different approaches in two very diverse coursebooks. Keywords: coursebooks, approach, English language, English as a Foreign Language Curriculum Proposal of São Paulo State, National Curriculum Parameters for Foreign Language.
Ocorrência de parasitoides associados a pragas do milho (Zea mays L.) cultivado em diferentes sistemas de produção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27) Silva, Rafael Braga da; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3562628771240935
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of parasitoids of the major pests of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivated in different production systems. The experiment was conducted at the Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in Sete Lagoas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in conventional production systems, organic, organic intercropped with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and organic exclusive. In the collections of plants made in conventional maize and organic maize were only obtained larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda, with the emergence of the parasitoids Archytas sp.1, Archytas sp.2, Cotesia sp., Dolichozele koebelei, Eiphosoma laphygmae, Eiphosoma sp.1, Eiphosoma sp.2, Euplectrus sp., Exasticolus sp. nov., Hyphantrophaga sp. and Winthemia sp. Cremastinae species and Ophion flavidus occurred in organic maize; Campoletis sp. in conventional maize. In the ear of conventional maize and ear of organic maize were obtained larvae of Diatraea saccharalis, Dichomeris famulata, Euxesta spp., Helicoverpa zea, Megaselia seticauda and S. frugiperda. Megaselia seticauda was first reported in the ears of maize in Brazil. The parasitoids obtained from the ears of conventional maize and organic maize in S. frugiperda were: Hyphantrophaga sp. occurring in both areas, Glyptapanteles sp. only in the conventional maize and Microcharops sp. only in the organic maize, for H. zea in the organic maize parasitized larvae were not obtained, in the conventional maize, occurred the parasitoids Aleiodes sp. and Copidosoma sp. Apanteles sp. and Phanerotoma sp. occurred on D. famulata in the conventional maize and organic maize; Chelonus (Microchelonus) sp. nov., Microcharops sp. and Perilampus sp. occurred only in the conventional maize. Apsilophrys sp. occurred only in organic maize. These are the first records of Apanteles sp., Chelonus (Microchelonus) sp. nov., Microcharops sp., Perilampus sp. and Phanerotoma sp. on D. famulata. In Euxesta spp. in the organic maize were not obtained larvaes killed by parasitoids in the conventional maize on Euxesta spp. occurred the parasitoid Dettmeria sp. About D. saccharalis and M. seticauda, there were not obtained parasitoids. In the collections of stalks of conventional maize and organic maize, there was a prevalence of D. saccharalis, S. frugiperda occurred only in conventional maize. There were not observed larvaes of S. frugiperda killed by parasitoids, but for D. saccharalis, occurred, in two areas, the parasitoid Lixophaga sp. In the collections of plants, in the organic maize exclusive and organic maize intercropped with beans, the parasitoids obtained from the larvae of S. frugiperda were Archytas sp., Campoletis sp., Cotesia sp., D. koebelei, E. laphygmae, Eiphosoma sp.1, Eiphosoma sp.2, Eiphosoma sp.3, Eiphosoma sp.4, Eiphosoma sp.5, Glyptapanteles sp., Microcharops sp. and O. flavidus. The parasitoids Aprostocetus sp., Chelonus insularis, Colpotrochia sp. nov. and Ichneumoninae were observed only in the exclusive organic maize, while Apanteles sp. and Eiphosoma sp.6 only in the organic maize intercropped with beans. From the pests of the ear of maize collected in the organic maize exclusive and in the organic maize intercropped with beans occurred larvaes of D. famulata, Euxesta spp., H. zea, M. seticauda and S. frugiperda. From these only larvaes of H. zea and D. famulata were parasitized. The index of parasitism of H. zea by Archytas sp. was similar in both areas, the parasitoid of D. famulata, Apsilophrys sp. was observed in all samples of organic maize intercropped with beans, but it did not occur in any collection of the exclusive organic maize. In these samples were not obtained for parasitoids Euxesta spp., M. seticauda and S. frugiperda. In the collections of stalks in organic maize exclusive and organic maize intercropped with beans were obtained only larvaes of D. saccharalis without the occurrence of parasitoids. In both experiments the number of larvaes of the pests collected was low, new associations and new species of parasitoids reported represent the possibility of the exploitation of these natural enemies in the control of pests in the culture of maize.
Estudo fitoquímico de Annona sylvatica (Annonaceae). Avaliação das atividades inseticida e fungicida frente às formigas cortadeiras e seu fungo simbionte e ao gorgulho do milho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27) Gimenes, Leila; Fernandes, João Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4578530150842037
The leaf-cutting ants are social species, living in permanent colonies. The genera of the greater importance, Atta (saúvas) and Acromyrmex (quenquéns), are the major plagues of Brazilian agriculture, to cause serious damages by its large and uncontrolled grazing, which leads to serious economic losses for many agrosystems. In the same way, the corn maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, belonging to the family Curculionidae, is the major pest species of stored corn. The corn grains are drilled and damaged by larvae and adults, causing numerous qualitative and quantitative losses of corn grains disabling its marketing. As the consequence, the effective control of these plagues is extremely important for agriculture and economy that aims to provide the nacional and international market quality products with high commercial value. In this context, the phytochemistry study of Annona sylvatica provides an alternative way to control these plagues, since that studies of these species showed a wide variety of natural products with promising activities, including, insecticide and fungicide, due to the large presence of acetogenins and lignans as secondary metabolites. This study allowed the isolation of fourteen compounds (four lignans, four acetogenins, three alkaloids and three steroids), however were identified eleven compounds due to the high structural complexity presented for the acetogenins. The identification techniques employed have been using single and two-dimensional spectra of 1H and 13C NMR and Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/NMR; HPLC/ESI-MS/MS e HPLC/APCI-MS/MS). For the biological tests, the ethanolic extract of the seeds stood out as potentially toxic to three bioassays cited above. The leaves and branches dichlorometanic fractions obtained by liquid-liquid partitioning of the extracts were toxic for leaf-cutting ants and their symbiotic fungus. Among the acetogenins isolated, only one of them showed a significant activity against corn maize weevil.
Investigação do potencial antimicrobiano de Casearia sylvestris sobre microrganismo endossimbionte de Diabrotica speciosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27) Marques, Fabiana Aparecida; Forim, Moacir Rossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1362671256884870
Diabrotica speciosa is a pest insect which occurs in most Brazilian states, standing out as one of the most important polyphagous pest of in grain crops. The understand of the role of the microbiota present in the digestive tract and of this insect the identification of ways to interfer or even to eliminate this microbial flora they are knowlegdes that, may lead mode of action to control of the pest insect. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the microbial diversity present in the digestive tract of larvae and adults of D. speciosa and in the sometime, to investigate the potential of C. sylvestris as an antimicrobial agent. As results, they were obtained 21 bacterial isolates and 8 fungal isolates. The proteic profile of these microrganisms were analyzed by using MALDI-TOF/MS. Afterwards, these data were grouped identifying clusters of isolates. A bacteria each groups was identified by rDNA sequencing, 16S region. Identified bacteria were: Pantoea agglomerans, Luteibacter sp., Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas temperans Acidovorax sp. Two isolated fungi were identified through morphological comparison with literature data, and identified as Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. A further study was carried out with Luteibacter sp bacteria, which were isolated from D. speciosa larva. In this study was evaluated growth profile and the parameters to carry out the antimicrobial assay. Several kind of microbial assays were investigated such as agar diffusion and microdilution plate ELISA®. The second method showed the best results. Thus, a microdiluition methodology using fluorometric assay, was developed and validated, highlighting parameter such as linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, robustness, recovery, limites of detection, quantification and detection, etc. This method was applied evaluating extracts, fraction and secondary molecules of cerrado plants. Phytochemical study of C. sylvestris leaves resulted in the isolation of an umpublished tricyclic sesquiterpene, the flavonoid catechin and a clerodane diterpene, which was used as a reference marker in chromatographic method to quality control of the extracts and fractions of C. sylvestris that were used in assays.
Análise de projetos agrícolas do fundo distrital de desenvolvimento em Chibuto, Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27) Matusse, Joana Manuel; Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6629009771883691
This research examines the implementation of agricultural projects benefited from the District Development Fund (FDD), taking as if the District of Chibuto, Mozambique. Considering the characteristics of the country, the relevance of the FDD and the need to have a higher rate of payment of these projects highlights the need to study these projects, despite their increased over the years, has led to low rates compared financial resources to pay the FDD. Therefore, compromises the multiplier effect of these financial resources that should benefit more community development projects. For the preparation of this paper was applied to semi-structured interview managers FDD District and the methodology was used "snowball" in the selection of farmers interviewed, where the inclusion of informants was progressive as one respondent indicated behalf of another interviewee. Applied questionnaire with closed and open questions about the implementation of the projects. It was found that most farmers and agricultural associations are delinquent on the payment of the FDD, even with money incomes satisfactory and that some aspects of technical, institutional and human influence in the payment of the FDD. It is imperative to recast the management mechanisms FDD accompanied by other public policies.
Aprendizagem por exclusão em indivíduo com diferentes perfis de desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27) Langsdorff, Luiza Augusta de Oliveira Costa; Domeniconi, Camila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9200901105910977
It is noticed that children learn about 14.000 words to the age of five years old. One of the phenomenon related to this remarkable language development is known as exclusion responding. This responding, described as the immediate selection of an undefined comparison stimulus given and also undefined stimulus, excluding familiar stimuli, is being robustly verified among different populations. It s been also noticed that learning the relation between the new stimuli does not seem to occur through a single exclusion trial. However, exclusion trials have revealed itself an efficient procedure to teach new relations to individuals with typical and atypical development. This study, carried out with 22 participants where 8 had typical development, 11 had autism and 3 had Down syndrome and ages five to 46 years old, investigated, from a particular set of procedures and learning tests, the number of exclusion trials needed for the participants to learn the relations between undefined figures and undefined dictated names. At each trial, the researcher said a word and the participant selected one figure out of three that he/she considered correct. The procedure consisted of five phases: base line (1), introduction of the mask as neutral stimulus (2), exclusion trials (3), learning tests (4) and a nomination test (5). Phases 3 and 4 were repeated until learning was observed or until the number of 10 repetitions was reached. The procedure was replicated for four times, and the relations between the undefined dictated words Mido, Fani, Duca, Pagu and its respective figures were teached. All participants completed phases 1 and 2; 21 participants responded by exclusion; 19 participants learned all the relations presented. Concerning the amount of exclusion trials needed for learning the relation between new dictated names and figures, it was observed that a variation from 2 (the minimum programmed by the procedure) to 10 trials were needed for the learning of each stimuli pair to occur. Despite the relative variation, it is clear that the data were mostly concentrated on the minimum number of repetitions (2) and this was the trend line observed for the learning of all the stimuli pairs. The observed average was 2,1 trias for two of the stimuli pairs (Pagu and Duca) with standard deviations equal to 0,1. For the learning of Mido and Fani were needed, in average, 2,6 and 3,2 exclusion trials, with standard deviations 1,8 and 0,9 respectively. It is considered that the experimental conditions favored the learning outcomes and the typically used procedure can be configured in a kind of teaching technology of arbitrary relations and widely used in different educational contexts.
Controle das propriedades estatísticas do campo e biestabilidade óptica em eletrodinâmica quântica de cavidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27) Souza, James Alves de; Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
We investigate in this thesis the control of absorptive optical bistability in a standing wave optical cavity filled with a collection of two and three-level noninteracting atoms weakly coupled to a single electromagnetic mode of a optical resonator. The observed control for the three-level configuration happens under cavity coherent population trapping conditions, it is sensitive to the induced atomic coherence in the system and it can be manipulated through different parameters. We propose some applications presenting a new effect, named by ourselves as complementary optical bistability. It is very interesting to exploit bistability phenomenon to perform bistable cascade devices, such as an optical transistor. We also study the all-optical control of the quantum fuctuations of a beam via a combination of single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Specifically, the EIT control field is used to tune the CQED transition frequencies in and out of resonance with the probe light. In this way, single-photon and two-photon blockade and anti-blockade effects are employed to produce sub-Poissonian and super-Poissonian light fields, respectively. The achievable quantum control paves the way towards the realization of a prototype of a quantum transistor which amplifies or attenuates the noise. Its feasibility is demonstrated by calculations using realistic parameters from recent experiments.
Estudo fitoquímico de Conchocarpus marginatus (Rutaceae), e avaliação do potencial biológico dos compostos isolados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27) Bellete, Barbara Sayuri; Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5893633998701597
The specie Conchocarpus marginatus is native from Espírito Santo. This plant, that was recently reclassified by PIRANI e KALLUNKI, does not show chemical or biological data in literature yet. In this way, the phytochemical study of Co. marginatus described in this work, aim to contributed to chemosystematic of Rutaceae family, and a better classification of this genus in the family. The study allowed the isolation and identification of 12 substances, and were found mainly alkaloids derived from antranilic acid. They are: 2-phenyl-1- methyl-quinolin-4-one (11), 2-phenyl-1-methyl-7-methoxy-quinolin-4-one (12), 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-metilacridone (6), Arborinine (7), Methyl-arborinine (8), 1-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-N-metilacridone (10), 1,2,3,6-tetramethoxyacridone (9), 1,2,3,6-tetramethoxy-N-metilacridone (4) e 1-hydroxy-2,3,6- trimethoxy-N-metilacridone (5). The last four substances are new structures. Two different biological assays were performed with some isolated compounds. Assays in vitro of chlorophyll inhibition were performed in chloroplasts isolated from spinach leaves, aiming to found models to new photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides, by study of Chl a fluorescence. Substances isolated from Co. marginatus analysed in this assay were active, and the substance 9 was the most active in Chl a fluorescence measures. This result indicates that this molecule could damage the OEC complex and one of his action site is located in FSII, binding to Qa environment. In cytotoxic assays, the substance 6 is the more promising molecule against cancerígenas MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-460 (non-small cell lung cancer) and A375-C5 (melanoma) cancer cells, showing respectively GJ50 values of 25, 20 e 22 μM.
Análise das habilidades sociais de adolescentes com e sem indicadores de dotação e influências sociodemográficas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27) Martins, Cláudia Solange Rossi; Del Prette, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366692380553498
The issue of social performance of gifted individuals is a topic full of controversy in the specific literature for the fact that it brings antagonistic opinions on their predispositions to submit or not a social adjustment, especially in the stage of adolescence. The first position argues that, in general, they are more socially adjusted in relation to their peers without indication of giftedness because they understand that their high cognitive ability gives them a higher level of sensitivity to cope with interpersonal problems. The second position considers that the gifted have greater difficulty in social adjustment, because their extreme sensitivity leads to the adoption of the conducts poorly understood by peers, generating very poor social adjustments. Although the causes of such difficulties are less known, studies suggest that, in many cases, difficulties in social interactions result from a deficit social repertoire. Before, the general objective of this study was to analyze the social skills of adolescents with and without giftedness indicators and sociodemographic influences. As specific goals, the study sought to: (1) characterize the sample starting sociodemographic data (gender, age, education, advancement, economic class, degree of responsible financial of the family); (2) to compare difficulties and frequencies of these social repertoires; (3) to compare and to relate the frequencies and difficulties of their social repertoires to the sociodemographic variables and participation in other environments.The target population was consisted of 132 adolescents aged 12 to 18 of whom 72 were identified as gifted and 60 without indication of giftedness, all belonging to regular public schools in Lavras - Minas Gerais, Southern Brazil. Three selfreport instruments were used to collect data: the Economic Classification Criteria Brazil (CCEB); an Academic Data Form (FDA), and the Inventory of Social Skills of adolescents (IHSA-Del Prette). Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, inferential and multivariate, using the statistical software SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions). The results obtained from the characterization sample a from sociodemographic data showed starting from an equivalent distribution between the two groups. Similarly, the results obtained from the comparison between the frequencies and difficulties of the social repertories in this sample, revealed no significant difference between the groups regarding the frequency of social skills. However, they revealed difficulty on the subescale Affective Approach to the gifted adolescents. The comparison between the frequencies of difficulties and social repertoires sample to the sociodemographic variables and participation in other environments, not reveal significant differences between groups in variables: age, economic class, and instruction of the person who is financially responsible for the family. However it revealed significant differences between groups in variables: gender, education, advancement and participation in other environments. Finally the results of the relation between the frequencies of the repertoires and social difficulties of the sample, in relation to sociodemographic variables and participation in other environments showed significance only in some cases, for both groups. These results are similar to most of those obtained in other studies on the social repertoire of gifted adolescents, and show their relevance to indicate data on their actual social needs.
Uma proposta de abordagem da matemática financeira no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-27) Marchioni, Aparecida Patrícia Roberto; Soares, Márcio de Jesus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3273672989988386; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7090210535504207
This work intends to show the preparation and application of a Teaching Sequence on Mathematical Finance with two Middle School 3rd grade classes of a state school in São Paulo inland. The research methodology applied was Didactic Engineering. The study started by the research about the way Mathematical Finance was and is treated in Brazilian education, especially on the plans of São Paulo State, and about the knowledge of the two Middle School last grade classes on the subject. This work arose from the observations done, intending to relate the Mathematical Finance study with the mathematical concepts in the base, like the arithmetic and the geometric progressions and the increase factor, so avoiding the use of known by heart formulas, the most meaningless for the student. The proposed problems consist of current and fundamental applications for the student to analyze and make rational decisions in the product purchase options, as well as adherence to financing like that provided by the FIES (Student Financing Fund), highly publicized today.