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Histórico familiar de mulheres encarceradas: fatores de risco e proteção para os filhos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28) Ormeño, Gabriela Isabel Reyes; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9293121890121178
This dissertation was developed in the form a group of scientific papers which are interconnected in order to describe the main risk and protective factors experienced by incarcerated mothers and their children. Initially there was a systematic review of the Brazilian literature of dissertations, thesis and papers, with the theme of incarcerated women, indicating lack of continuity of studies and the need for intervention programs with greater methodological rigor involving the women and families. Secondly e reviewed the Brazilian and international literature on main characteristics of children of incarcerated womem, signaling the need for systematic research in the context of primary prevention for these children. The history of violence experienced by these women in childhood and adulthood, found the occurrence of child maltreatment, high rate of attempted suicide, intimate partner and violence victimization, a high similarity of Brazilian with the data described in the international literature. Major traumatic situations described by incarcerated women with respect to their children, indicate thus these children were exposed to intimate partner violence, and child abuse suffered as a form of discipline. Incarcerated mothers maintained ties with their children through letters or visits from their offspring to care for their children after serving their sentences. The birthrate in the mother lives of these women included a large number of pregnancies, and children, as well as lack of family planning, pointing to the neglect from the Health systems and the prison in understanding the needs experienced by this population. The parenting style received in childhood by their caregivers was also analyzed from the perception of the female prisoners, as well as the parenting style used by themselves with their own children before incarceration, showing the intergenerationality of parenting practices. By analyzing interlinked variables in the lives of incarcerated women such the history of child maltreatment of the women and family violence history we conclude the need for prevention programs to work with women in situation of incarceration, as well as with the children of these women in order to prevent intergenerational violence. It is hoped that this dissertation will subsidy the creation of public policies addressing the many risks by incarceration women and their children.
Síntese e caracterização de complexos de platina (II) com ligandos fosfínicos e cloroquina : estudo de suas interações com o ADN e avaliação de suas atividades citotóxicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28) Villarreal Peña, Wilmer José; Batista, Alzir Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6950356730135450
In this work were synthesized and characterized complexes of general formule [Pt(P)2Cl2] and [Pt(P)2(CQ)Cl]PF6 (where (P)2= triphenylphosphine (PPh3), 1,3-bis (diphenylphosphino ) propane (dppp), 1,4-bis (diphenylphosphino) butane (dppb), 1,1 '-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene (dppf) and CQ = Chloroquine). The characterization of the complexes was performed by means of elemental analysis, conductivity, absorption spectroscopy in the infrared and UV-Visible regions (IR and UV-Vis), NMR 1H, 13C{1H}, 15N{1H}, 31P{1H}, 195Pt{1H}, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse, and mass spectrometry (in the case of chloroquine complexes). Also, the interaction of the chloroquine complexes with DNA was evaluated for calculate to the magnitude of the interaction with this important macromolecule, obtaining that the complexes showed interaction constants similar and higher than those presented by CQ and CQDP, and decrease the relative viscosity of DNA. We also evaluated the cytotoxic activity of the chloroquine complexes in the cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (human breast tumor cell lines), DU-145 (the human prostate tumor cell line), A549 (the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line), V79-4 (the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line), and the L929 (nontumor cell line from mice), showed promissory activity, mainly of the complexes 5 and 8.
Obtenção de estruturas de nanocompósitos poliméricos híbridos condutores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28) Santos, João Paulo Ferreira; Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1053336670259691
In this work, hybrid electrical conductive nanocomposites structures with potential to be applied in conductive and electrostatic dissipative devices were obtained. Such structures were produced by combining two types of nanofiller in a matrix of thermosetting epoxy resin of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The nanofiller were polymeric nanofibers and conductive nanofillers: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and metallic copper nanowires (CuNWs). Three different arrangements for obtaining the structures were employed and compared. The starting materials, the electrospun nanofibers and composite structures were characterized morphologically by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, structurally by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermally by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanically by mechanical tests of short duration (tensile strength and impact) and electrically by four point probe. The results showed that the production of the structures were successfully done by two routes. In the first route, the fibrous, consisting of layers of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers, were sanduiched with epoxy resin loaded with MWCNT. Such structures exhibit electrical conductivities between 105-1012 (Ωcm) and, therefore, can be used as conductive and electrostatic dissipative devices. In a second route, by the electrospinning technique, nanofibers with embedded CuNWs or MWCNTs were produced. The results show that the nanofiber produced were nonconductive and therefore unsuitable for conduction or dissipation. Then, in a third route, nanofibers mats of PA6/polyaniline (PAni) blend and PA6/MWCNT nanocomposites were subjected to a treatment to promote surface adsorption of MWCNT resulting in conductive nanofibers mats. Such mats have been used for the production of structures. The structures exhibit conductivities in the range of 107 (Ωcm) and better combinations of elasticity modulus and impact resistance.
Estudo da cristalização da sacarose com adição de antissolvente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28) Mantilla, Hernán Dario Rojas; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
In the study of the sucrose crystallization process, the nucleation phenomena and crystalline growth have been evaluated, when the systems were submitted to different solvent and operational conditions. The main objective of the present work was to study the sucrose crystallization process in solution through the partial change of the solvent. This change occurs through studied with the ethanol addition of a second solvent, a compound that reduces the solute solubility, but that is miscible in the first one. The addition of a second solvent generates a high degree of supersaturation, and promotes the formation of crystalline nuclei of smaller size to be used as seeds in industrial processes. Another objective was to study the flowability properties of particle size by determining the Hausner ratio and repose angle that allows relate some variable results obtained by the crystallization of sucrose. With the obtained results, it would be possible to improve the control of the finally properties of the crystalline product, such as crystal size distribution (CSD), crystalline habit, crystalline fluid inclusions and the formation of crystalline polymorphs.
Exploração da organocatálise na síntese de intermediários de compostos com potencial biológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28) Pontes, João Guilherme de Moraes; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0716145669588194
In recent decades the use of small molecules acting as catalyst has emerged as a powerful tool to the synthesis of new molecules which have potential biological application. This new model of catalysis provides others advantages to conventional methods, for example, easy handling and catalyst storage, since in most cases the catalyst are stable compounds to air and moisture; cost, energy and chemical waste reduction. The Organocatalysts can interact with substrates by different modes of activation, one of these, through non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bond which has been extensively studied employing the following catalysts: ureas, thioureas, guanidines, squaramides and silanediols. Herein we is reported the 1,1-diamine-nitroethylene scaffold as a new class of organocatalyst to be explored in Michael addition reactions, which activate the acceptor in the transition state through hydrogen bonds donation. The relative easy synthesis and handling of these compounds, due no need of inert or anhydrous conditions together with the low cost of raw materials enables this new class as a potential tool to be considered and worked in the area of organocatalysis. The application of theses catalyst in the Michael additions has led to good yields and diastereoisomeric ratio. In this study we characterized the bifunctional organocatalyst using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The application of this catalyst in Michael reactions with different classes of nucleophiles and nitroolefins, led to the desired products in good reaction yields and d.r.
Estudos estruturais de compostos de telúrio e de docking em catepsinas B, K, L, S
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28) Maganhi, Stella Hernandez; Schpector, Júlio Zukerman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1720675268286912
Cathepsins are lysosomal cysteine proteases responsible for protein turnover in our organism. In non-lysosomal environment they are related to a number of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer, autoimmune diseases and osteoporosis. Tellurium compounds have proved to be promising therapeutic agents against these diseases due to inhibition of the proteases through the formation of a Te S covalent bond with the sulfur of a catalytic cysteine. In this work the crystal and molecular structures of compounds (ptol)Te[C(H)=C(Cl)Ph]X2 (X = Cl, Br, I), butyldiiodo[(1Z)-(2- iodopent-1-en-yl)-4- tellane and their docking in Catepsine B are described. The results showed that these compounds, whose activity has not been measured, should have an inhibitory activity very similar to that of a known compound with a close structure. Moreover, it is shown that the substitution of a phenyl group for an aliphatic one should not have any influence on the activity of these kind of compounds. Also the structures of a series of dipnones were determined which were used as basis for the molecular modeling of others that could not be crystallized and for the docking studies in catepsins B, K, L and S. The results allowed establishing a model that explains their different inhibitory activities.
Uma atividade experimental para o estudo de funções no ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28) Prospero, Matheus de Barros Ramos; Paterlini, Roberto Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6240750958932738; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5630957744432447
Functions represent a very important area of study in mathematics due their wide range of applications in many areas of knowledge. Functions can be approached in concrete and meaningful ways. However, school textbooks often tend to an algebraization of the theme, which hinders students' understanding of the need and importance of studying functions. This work does not focus on formal definitions involved in the teaching of functions. The aim of this work is to present an experiment which allows the development of the concept of functions. The experiment is based on a proposed problem of building a box without a lid using a rectangular sheet of paper, and then calculating its volume. This experiment was carried out in two 8th year classes of a public school in Ribeirao Preto - SP, Brazil. The procedure was carried out successfully and students enjoyed it. This is a low-cost, practical project, feasible to any teacher willing to approach the theme in a practical way.
Concorrência e inovação nos programas de pesquisa da microeconomia Neoclássica e Neoschumpeteriana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-28) Pereira, Tainara Ribeiro; Diegues Junior, Antonio Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0594188577645269; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7093976107807561; Roselino Júnior, José Eduardo de Salles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7410971805108456; Fucidji, José Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8639709435538882
The existence of several lines of research permeating the field of microeconomics can be seen by the different approaches from each group of authors. This work presents two of such lines using the methodology of scientific research programs proposed by Lakatos. The lines analyzed were the neoclassical theory and neoschumpeterian (or evolutionary) theory. The main objective is to understand the concepts of competition and innovation under these two perspectives. With the secondary purpose of verify some adherence from the modifications in the protective belt of the research program with the observed reality, it was characterized the technical and institutional context for the theoretical formulation. In parallel with the presentation of the contexts that underlie the creation and modification of research programs, it was possible to infer about the progression of each theory. In the neoclassical case, it was argued that the program is degenerating by the side that concerns its changes, because those changes just to explain the puzzles that motivated them. For the neoschumpeterian theory is argued that the research program appears to be progressive, because it alters the protective belt to encompass new facts. Regarding the prevalence of neoclassical theory for economists, it seems that its mathematical formalization was responsible for bringing more enthusiasts, but with the advance of computational methods, the evolutionary model is also promising in this regard.