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Avaliação do tempo de incubação do fotossensibilizador curcumina em Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa na inativação fotodinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-02)
Geralde, Mariana Carreira
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5271980848300405
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has been helping medicine in treatment infectious diseases and tumors. PDT's principle is based on a photosensitizer (PS) that is photoactivated by light at specific wavelength which generates reactive oxygen species that induces cell death and/or microorganism inactivation (PDI - photodynamic inactivation). The optimum incubation time of the photosensitizer, whereas the structural and metabolic differences of each microorganism, is important for the more efficient effect of PDI. Curcumin, being a natural PS, has been gaining ground in scientific research and has shown satisfactory results in microbiological control when associated with PDI, but there are no studies on the influence of incubation time of the PS with the bacterial cell. The present study aimed to evaluate the incubation time of curcumin on PS PDI and can therefore assist in determining future research the perfect time to contact the PS in bacteria of different wall compositions: Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Samples of microorganisms were cultured in TSB broth (Triptic Soy Broth) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The PS was solubilized in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to achieve concentrations of 20 mM stock, subsequently diluted to obtain the final concentrations. Light source was used at a wavelength of 460nm, and final dose of 30 J/cm2. After the incubations with the FS and irradiation decimal dilutions of the samples were plated on TSA medium (Triptic Soy Agar) and incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours, and the counts performed. The PDI decreased approximately 7 logs S. aureus at a concentration of 1μM with incubation time of 30 minutes, while for P. aeruginosa was reduced by 2 logs with a maximum concentration of 50 μM with the same incubation time. Tests were conducted where PS withdrawing means before illumination, but the process was not found reductions as those obtained without the procedure. In general, the best incubation time was 30 minutes in all concentrations and for both microorganisms.
Estratégias para gestão de pessoas e economia solidária: o estudo da Cooperativa de Trabalho dos Catadores de Material Reaproveitável de Rio Claro - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-02)
Lima, Valdemir dos Santos de
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0057420416096868
The performance of the capitalist system, associated with urban areas, has contributed to the growth of solid waste scattered in urban centers of towns and cities, consisting mainly of materials that can be recycled. The generation of waste has assumed proportions that make this issue a major concern of any government, triggering several actions pertaining to the theme. One of the actions taken by the Rio Claro / SP was the creation of a Cooperative Collectors of Recyclable Material - COOPERVIVA, aiming to reduce the environmental impact generated by this waste and ensure an increase in the useful life of the county landfill, strengthening collective work through the Solidarity Economy and actions for Environmental Education. The actions developed by the cooperative have allowed the insertion of new collectors and increasing demand for recyclable waste collected by the cooperative. The need for collective management, aiming at personal development, the process of collective work of the group, the conditions for educated individuals and their relationship with the local government set up the goal of this work, which aims to propose management strategies more effective in daily life of each member, providing them with a work environment in a more differentiated and solidarity in order to provide an economic benefit and social practices with recognition and importance of the work that each member has developed in the city.
Diagnóstico da situação dos resíduos da construção civil na cidade de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-02)
Röhm, Daniel Gobato
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Röhm, Sergio Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7864868341646931
This work intends to present a diagnosis of the current situation of waste management for construction (RCC) on construction sites of construction companies operating in the city of São Carlos, SP, Brazil. For this methodology were applied as questionnaires and interviews with construction companies to the city, with views fetch results related to the stage of implementation of the management of RCC proposal by Brazilian resolution nº. 307 of the National Environment Council. Also data were collected for analysis in the municipal government sector generator. In this paper we present the results of analysis of perception of construction companies studied in relation to the management of RCC in their worksites and scaling parameter generation of RCC by licensed areas for new buildings along the City of Sao Carlos. For this parameter was concluded that San Carlos passed between the years 2009 and 2012, 2,347,694.93 m² of new construction, which reflects tremendous growth of construction in the city over the past four years. However, this table expansion was not accompanied by efficient management of waste produced in the beds, which can be seen by the increase in annual generation from 63,877.76 tonnes in 2009 to 82,413.38 tonnes in 2012.
Aspectos práticos da estimação do modelo de mistura via processo de Dirichlet
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-03)
Paz, Rosineide Fernando da
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Milan, Luis Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0773010734982168
We review the Dirichlet process mixture model and investigate its performance as a classification method. The first aspect considered is its sensibility to the choice of location parameter of the base distribution. The second aspect considers the performance of the model regarding the departure of the parameters of the component distributions. Simulation results with mixture of normal distributions indicate sensibility to location parameters choices, of the base distribution, and good performance even when components with normal distributions differ only in variances. Finally, we apply the method to three data sets.
Do funcionamento discursivo dos pronunciamentos do presidente Lula a trabalhadores: procedimentos de legitimação do dizer político
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-03)
Pereira, Maísa Ramos
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Piovezani Filho, Carlos Félix
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677609008094603
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4570938983795878
How does contemporary political discourse face a crisis of democracy that destabilizes hallowed phrases of discourse, putting them into question, identifying them as lies and malicious maneuvers? What are the solutions and repair attempts made by the class society to resolve social conflicts and to erase differences and problems inherent in the structure of the capitalist mode of production? Faced with a situation of people s disbelief with their representatives, we can perceive a paradigm shift regarding the speech of the political subjects. In many of the manifestations, the subject enunciates like people , from the same place of the people, to legitimize their discourse supported in a process of building identification relations with their interlocutors. Based on the theory of Discourse Analysis derived from Michel Pêcheux and his group, we interpret procedures for legitimizing the pronouncements of President Luis Inacio Lula da Silva to workers in celebrating events of May 1st (Labor Day in Brazil), during his two mandates (from 2003 to 2010). We chose this methodological approach because of the constant enunciation that Lula would be a president distinct from the others" as a consequence of him being originally from the working-class. We work with the notions of discursive formation, ideology, subject position and spokesman, understanding that all of them are closely correlated and are quite relevant for the analysis of discourse corpora that aim to objectives such as those we intend to achieve at this work. From the analysis of discursive processes we observe: a) how the materiality of linguistic pronouncements of the President legitimizes his political discourse b) if now, as when he was a union leader (CAZARIN, 2005), Lula continues to put himself in the role of a spokesman (Pecheux, 1990) c) What are the spatial and temporal discursive supports that allow the subject to be established as the spokesman of the workers? We assumed that, taking the place of those who cannot or should not speak, Lula, as a spokesperson and the potential negotiator, speaks to the workers, distinguishing and defining himself from his interlocutors due the social position he assumes. The moderation by the identification process (ORLANDI, 1983) is established: the representation is sufficient for the "people" to feel contemplated (ROSAVALLON, 1998).
O político em São Carlos: um estudo das imagens de si no discurso dos candidatos a prefeito das eleições 2008
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-03)
Carreon, Renata de Oliveira
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3874251351469772
Le discours politique se consolide comme objet d étude de la Science Politique, tout en étant au coeur du débat dans les Sciences du Langage aussi, surtout à l égard de l Analyse du Discours ancrée aux idées des penseurs français. De nombreuses études sont soigneusement menées au Brésil sous le regard de ce domaine de la Linguistique, et nombreuses études sont penché sur le processus de construction de l image ou d un cadre imagé des candidats aux postes publiques à travers leur discours. Cependant, peu étudient les particularités d'une puissance urbaine université. Notre recherche au niveau du Master se consacre à l analyse de la constituition de l ethos discursif des candidats à la mairie de São Carlos pendant la campagne électorale de 2008. Le but à présent consiste en analyser l élaboration de l image de soi selon les discours et les photos des agents politiques, la définition de la vocalité et de la corporalité du garant et une question s impose : comment toute cette construction imagée se rapporte à la représentation sociale à laquelle l interlocuteur/électeur doit prendre part ? Dans ce propos notre étude fait recours aux principes téoriques et methodologiques des auteurs français tels que Dominique Maingueneau et Patrick Charaudeau, en les applicant au matériel constitué de la parole des trois candidats à maire les plus votés, dans des circonstances énonciatives distinctes. Comme hypothèse de travail nous vérifions comment les candidats cherchent à construire à travers leurs discours euphoriques images d'eux-mêmes. Pour ce faire, s'appliquent à la fois l'ethos dit et montré e l'ethos semiotizé.
Investigação das fases formadas na superfície do aço inoxidável AISI 316L nitretado a plasma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-03)
Campos, Marcelo
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Souza, Maristela Olzon Monteiro Dionysio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9452239672967881
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0717563036484228
The plasma nitriding treatment improves mechanical, tribological and corrosion resistance, due to the formation of a nitrided layer consisting of an iron and chromium nitrides and a phase, with an undefined structure, known as expanded austenite (γN). The layer properties are influenced by the nitriding parameters, and the aim of this thesis is to study the influence of gas nitriding pressure in AISI 316L stainless steel. For this purpose, samples of this material were nitrided during 4 hour at 400 ºC in 80% H2 and 20% N2 atmosphere under variable pressures (3 and 7 Torr). Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Vickers microhardness, cytotoxicity, roughness and wear tests, Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the mechanical, tribological, structural and potential application as a biomaterial in the nitrided samples. The results showed that the halo´s width, formed due to edge effect in the edge sample region, decreases with pressure increase, while their mechanical and tribological properties are not influenced. In the others samples regions, the layer thickness, surface roughness and mass loss reduction in wear test increased with pressure increase until 6 Torr sample and the surface hardness increased with pressure. MS techniques and the grazing angle XRD showed the same phases formed: γN, ε, α-FeNi and ε-Fe2+XN in all samples and also α"-Fe16N2, δ-Fe2N phase in 5-7 Torr samples. These phases indicated that the iron nitrides are responsible for the increase in surface hardness and coefficient of friction increased, where the reduction of ε phase concentration increases the coefficient value. The XRD fits shows that the most appropriate γN structure is FCC with stacking faults with nitrogen concentration depth distribution. This distribution and structure, explain the anomalous large expansion and position in the (200) plane, respectively. The cytotoxicity test showed that the nitrided did not present any toxic effect. The sample nitrided at 6 Torr showed the best combined nitriding properties.
Mídias, mediações e a questão nuclear: uma proposta de mediação institucional e tecnológica nas aulas de Física no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-03)
Ferreira, Marcia Alexandra Andrade
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Leodoro, Marcos Pires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2929842229198829
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9633781995351623
In this paper, we defended the school's role as an institutional mediator of the media discourse. For the development of mediations, we proposed the use of traditional media and new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the school environment. The need for institutional mediation of media discourse is due to the importance of the media in the formation of social representations we have about various issues, including on socio-scientific issues and also because these representations are responsible for forming our opinions. But the use of ICTs, specifically social networks of internet, is due to the importance of these new technologies in today's society and its potential for teaching, still little explored in the public schools. The social-scientific issue addressed in this paper is the nuclear issue. The choice of subject was due to his controversial aspect of public and social interest and for it has been widely reported in the media. We argue that, like all socioscientific issues, the nuclear issue should be addressed, at school, from the focus on relationships between Science, Technology, Society and Environment (STSE). We created, in internet, the social network "Thinking Physics" in order to, through the sharing of content, promote the participation of high school students from public schools in the discussion on the nuclear issue, thus contributing to the qualitative improvement of the use that young students make of social networks and to the development of technological mediations. To problematize the nuclear issue, we proposed a discussion of the agreement signed in 2010 between Brazil, Turkey and Iran, and to discuss this issue we used four videos aired by the television media and posted on YouTube. Through social networking students had access to the videos and were able to share their opinions through comments. There was broad participation of students in the social network, even though it was optional. The results show us that it is feasible to develop projects that use computers and internet even when school does not have such technology available to students and teachers. We hope this work will contribute to other teachers develop projects aimed at training students in critical and participatory, based on proposals of mediations of media discourse and thus the social networks of internet can become an effective mediation space technology.
Pequenas frases na mídia eletrônica brasileira : uma leitura discursiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-04)
Bonácio, Daiany
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8694816294812088
Nowadays, it is common to see small phrases spread in the media which have been removed from their original context and they gained incalculable proportions of movement, being able to (re)create the most diverse discursive events. The current trend, reveals Krieg-Planque (2011), is the fragmentation of short discourses, due to the speed of the narrativization of the facts. The small phrase is a reality that newspapers, websites, social networks help to build when they publish the "phrases of the week", "the best phrases of the year", etc., and that makes us realize that the work of sobreasseveration and / or aforization is in full steam: never the spoken phrases and that they mark some event were so discussed and disseminated. According Maingueneau (2011b), the recent development of a media configuration that associate print media, television, internet, mobile, etc.., increased to an unprecedented level the detachment and the circulation of aforizations. For the author, some reach the state of the pandemic. Thus, for a short period of time, we see to circulate a sentence with a very high frequency in all media of the moment and that occopy a variety of statutes: newspaper titles, sentence at the bottom of the TV screen, etc.. In this thesis, we take as the object of study four small phrases that erupted on stable discursive fields and that, due to the rapid movement engendered, especially the Internet, became to appear in a various discursive fields. We attend a large file consisting of various discoursive genres (advertising, cartoon, humorous, journalistic comments on the net, etc.) and in which circulates notably four small phrases ―ai, se eu te pego‖, ―menos Luiza que está no Canadá‖, ―cala a boca, Galvão‖ and ―vada a bordo, cazzo‖. To account for this enterprise we adopt the Discourse Analysis of French orientation, especially the recents works of Alice Krieg-Planque (2011) and Dominique Maingueneau (2006a; 2006b; 2007; 2008; 2010; 2011a; 2011b; 2012a), reflections tha seek to understand accurately the production, circulation and transformation of small enunciates of political field. Our back question is to argue that, at presente due to the configuration media existing in our society, smalls phrases focus on various discursive fields.
A efetivação dos direitos à saúde pública: uma análise do poder judiciário no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-04)
Carvalho, Adriana Duarte de Souza
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1776885491217129
The purpose of this doctorate thesis is to understand the achievement of the rights to public health in Brazil through the Judiciary Branch. Our hypothesis is that the constituient political actors in 1987-88 have assigned greater political power to the Judiciary Branch, turning it into a veto player, able to suspend the decisions of local executives and change the legislative status quo. Aiming the accomplishment of this research, we will study the competences of the Judiciary Branch in the constitucions of 1934 e 1946 and, afterwards, we will procede to the analysis os the Annals of the Subcomissions of the Judiciary Branch e of the Public Ministry of the Constituient of 1987-88. Eventually we will evaluate the sentences produced by the Justice Court of São Paulo to understand the content of the decisions made by the judges that managed to make effective the rightsto public health.
O cineclube universitário de Campinas (1965-1973)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-04)
Almeida, Natasha Hernandez
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Araújo, Luciana Sá Leitão Corrêa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9890886509956837
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798723070930738
This study's main objective is to map and analyze the activities of the Cineclube Universitário de Campinas [Campinas College Cine-Club], during the years of its existence, from 1965 to 1973. For this, the research approaches the trajectory of cine-clubs in Brazil since the Chaplin-Club until the emergence of the Cineclube Universitário de Campinas; reports and analyzes the exhibitions, debates and courses promoted by the cine-club; exposes and examines texts of the newspaper Cine Clube, published by the Cineclube Universitário de Campinas; describes how were produced its three short films, Um pedreiro, O artista and Dez jingles para Oswald de Andrade, analyzing them in relation to the influences received by contemporary cultural movements. The dissertation uses bibliography on cinema, especially those related to cine-clubs in Brazil, documents and copies of newspapers and movies of the Cineclube Universitário de Campinas, and testimonies of its members. As a result, we conclude that the Cineclube Universitário de Campinaswas an important contribution to Campinas cultural field during the 1960s.
Hierarquia ambiental e a ictiofauna de riachos de cabeceira da bacia do rio Sorocaba (SP-Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-04)
Cruz, Bruna Botti
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Cetra, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2248138744539165
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Borrás, Miguel Angel Aires
The effects of environmental factors related to different scales on the taxonomic and functional organization of stream fish communities were evaluated. This study was divided into two chapters whose data were obtained by sampling fish fauna in 19 70 - meters lenght sites in 11 streams, located in the Sorocaba river Basin, upper Paraná river system, northeastern São Paulo State, Brazil. In CHAPTER I we hypothesized and tested a hierarchical organization model where riparian landcover would influence bank composition and light availability, which in turn would influence local environmental characteristics and control fish assemblages. In CHAPTER II we aimed to identify which factors (i.e., regional: sub-basins structure; local environmental filters: meso and microhbitats) were the most important on the organization of stream fish composition. We used electrofishing to collect specimens and environmental assessment was based on descriptors of riparian zone landcover and in-stream habitats of the sampling sites. Multivariate analyzes indicated that riparian zone landcover can be considered a higher level causal factor in a network of relations, controlling other environmental factors and, ultimately, functional composition. In addition, in-stream factors may act as environmental filters with coupled with regional processes, control fish assemblages distribution patterns. Our results highlight the importance of hierarchical and scale-based approaches to ecological studies and restoration strategies.
Quantificação de carbamazepina, fluoxetina e seus metabólitos principais em leite materno por injeção direta de amostra utilizando cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-05)
Simões, Bianca Rebelo Lopes
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4063776868343975
This work reports the application of bioanalitycal methods by direct injection sample for the quantification of drugs in breast milk. Columns with stationary phase type RAM-BSA, in conventional scale and microbore, were prepared and evaluated in the exclusion of total protein and human milk oligosaccharides. In the conventional scale, the RAM-BSA C18 column (4.6 mm id) was used in a single-column mode for cleanup and simultaneous quantification of carbamazepine and its major metabolite, employing an analyzer of the type ion trap. Selectivity, extraction efficiency, accuracy and precision were achieved employing 100 μL of the sample, without preparation, with detection limits of 20.0 ng/mL for CBZ and 40.0 ng/mL for CBZE. The developed method was validated and applied to analyze breast milk samples from one nursing mother. CBZ and CBZE were quantified in the concentrations of 2.26 μg/mL and 1.54 μg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the simultaneous determination of CBZ and its active metabolite by direct injection of human milk serum. The method for quantification of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine by direct injection of nature human milk employing a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry system was performed in a multidimensional system with total analysis time of 12 min. The chromatographic system was configured using a RAM-BSA C18 (2.1 mm, i.d.) column in the first dimension that was able to excluded 94% of proteins. A fused core column was used in the the second dimension as analytical column. Selectivity, extraction efficiency, accuracy and precision were achieved employing 10 μL of the sample, without sample clean-up, with quantification limits of 3.0 ng/mL and 4.0 ng/mL for FLU and NOR, respectively.
Uma família de modelos de regressão com a distribuição original da variável resposta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-05)
Paula, Marcelo de
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
We know that statistic modeling by regression had a stronger impulse since generalized linear models (GLMs) development in 70 decade beginning of the XX century, proposed by Nelder e Wedderburn (1972). GLMs theory can be interpret like a traditional linear regression model generalization, where outcomes don't need necessary to assume a normal distribution, that is, any distribution belong to exponential distributions family. In binary logistic regression case, however, in many practice situations the outcomes response is originally from a discrete or continuous distribution, that is, the outcomes response has an original distribution that is not Bernoulli distribution and, although, because some purpose this variable was later dicothomized by an arbitrary cut of point C. In this work we propose a regression models family with original outcomes information, whose probability distribution or density function probability belong to exponential family. We present the models construction and development to each class, incorporating the original distribution outcomes response information. The proposed models are an extension of Suissa (1991) and Suissa and Blais (1995) works which present methods of estimating the risk of an event de_ned in a sample subspace of a continuous outcome variable. Simulation studies are presented in order to illustrate the performance of the developed methodology. For original normal outcomes we considered logistic, exponential, geometric, Poisson and lognormal models. For original exponential outcomes we considered logistic, normal, geometric, Poisson and lognormal models. In contribution to Suissa and Blais (1995) works we attribute two discrete outcomes for binary model, geometric and Poisson, and we also considered a normal distributions with multiplicative heteroscedastic structures continuous outcomes. In supplement we also propose the binary model with inated power series distributions outcomes considering a sample subspace of a zero inated geometric outcomes. We do several artificial data studies comparing the model of original distribution information regression model with usual regression model. Simulation studies are presented in order to illustrate the performance of the developed methodology. A real data set is analyzed by using the proposed models. Assuming a correct speci_ed distribution, the incorporation of this information about outcome response in the model produces more eficient likelihood estimates.
Avaliação da eficácia da legislação penal ambiental na conservação de áreas naturais e na preservação da ictiofauna autóctone
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-05)
Costa, Alexandre Augusto
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5411972346395539
The analysis of information from the prosecution of legal instruments allows not only rational underpinning the development of public policies to conserve natural resources, as also promotes the constant improvement of the repressive legislation of conduct considered detrimental to the environment. The objective of this study has been assessing the effectiveness of legal protection models adopted by the criminal law in force in environmental area characterized by full economic development and subjected to intense and constant anthropogenic threats. So, we studied the region of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, northwest of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. We analyze the feasibility of legal instruments for the protection of natural areas on private property and subjected to anthropogenic pressures for land use. The results indicate that the increased demand for areas intended for food production and biofuels represents one of the greatest challenges to the preservation of natural resources in Brazil. The juridical protection is insufficient to guarantee the conservation of natural areas, requiring for the success of conservation strategies the development and implementation of participatory management projects. Withal, we evaluated the effectiveness of the typical structuring technique taken into account by the environmental crimes law in preserving autochthonous fish fauna. The results indicate that the tutelage technique of environmental legislation is effective in controlling fishing activities, mainly due to the high incidence of non-selective means of capture and the prevalence autochthonous species against non-autochthonous (allochthonous and exotics) species. Although environmental legislation constitutes an important tool for protection of natural resources its effectiveness is directly subjected to the development and deployment of other concomitant conservation strategies, particularly the development of comprehensive and active policies, able to overcome the challenge of reconciling the socio-economic interests and conservationist interests.
Análise de variabilidade genética do mutum-de-penacho (Crax Fasciolata) (Aves, Cracidade)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-05)
Laganaro, Natasha Marcili
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
;
Martins, Karina
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9367637840430435
;
Silveira, Luis Fábio
Nos últimos tempos, muitas espécies entraram na lista de ameaça, tendo seu tamanho populacional reduzido ao ponto de se considerar que a melhor estratégia para sua conservação é a ex situ. A família Cracidae (Aves, Galliformes) é composta por 50 espécies, das quais 24 encontram-se em algum grau de ameaça. As populações trazidas para o cativeiro, no entanto, são compostas por um número pequeno de fundadores, estando sujeitas a endocruzamentos, deriva genética e efeitos fundadores. Assim, um dos grandes desafios para a reprodução é se amenizar essa perda, a longo prazo, da diversidade alélica e heterozigose. O manejo genético pode auxiliar propondo melhores acasalamentos, de maneira a maximizar os valores de heterozigose e preservar a riqueza alélica. No entanto, ao se propor essas análises os resultados não podem ser comparados, na maioria dos casos, com o cenário natural, simplesmente por não se haverem amostras dessas populações. Para o mutum-de-penacho há uma população originária da região da Usina Hidroelétrica de Porto Primavera que foi resgatada e trazida para o cativeiro da CESP Paraibuna. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar sua variabilidade genética e comparar com uma população já existente em cativeiro da mesma espécies e com dados da literatura para demais cracídeos ameaçados. Foram genotipados e analisados 64 C. fasciolata, sendo 50 da CESP e 14 do CCC Poços de Caldas, por meio de 10 loci de microssatélites. Os resultados demonstraram que não há diferença significativa entre a riqueza alélica e a heterozigose esperada da população natural com a mantida em cativeiro e com duas outras espécies de cracídeos ameaçados, bem como com demais espécies ameaçadas, sugerindo uma variação genética abaixo do desejável para se alcançar os objetivos proposto pela estratégia de conservação ex situ. Tabelas comparativas com valores de heterozigose e riqueza alélica para as matrizes de Porto Primavera e sua prole nascida em cativeiro demostraram que não houve perda de alelos nas gerações, indicando ausência de endocruzamento e deriva. Tabelas de pareamento e rankings indicam as relações de parentesco e níveis de variabilidade genética para cada indivíduos analisado, apontando melhores pareamentos dentro de criatórios e indivíduos aptos para reintrodução.
Formação de professores e a interveniência das diretrizes curriculares nacionais da pedagogia para educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-05)
Rezende, Evelin Oliveira de
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Toyoda, Cristina Yoshie
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5872141115382552
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7641254204592407
This research aims to study the issue of pedagogue initial training and also to investigate which concept the last year undergraduate students from Pedagogy Courses have on Special Education in the inclusive education perspective and; how the Especial Education from inclusive education perspective has been considered in two Pedagogy Courses; analyze from Pedagogic National Curricular Guidelines how we contemplate the teacher formation articulated with the Special Education. The study is theoretically based on three guiding principles: initial teacher education, initial training interfaces with the Special Education and public policies that describe Special Education. The study included 28 students from the last year of Pedagogy Courses. The data collection was conducted in two institutions of higher learning located in two medium-sized cities in the State of São Paulo. The instruments used were questionnaires and documents from the Pedagogy Courses studied. Data analysis consisted of qualitative approach with content analysis technique to the questionnaire data and qualitative approach with document analysis technique to analyze the documents related to the Political Pedagogical Project, the curricular matrix and the amendments of the disciplines from two Pedagogy Courses. The results reveal that the undergraduate students do not feel prepared to work with the Special Education theme; it is observed that it is necessary a harmony between the Pedagogy Course initial training for the teaching reality and the pedagogical practice in the inclusive education school context. Regarding the analysis results of two curricular matrixes, the data show that both courses studied provide little discussion in the Special Education Field, in order to meet the guidelines established by the National Curriculum Guidelines for Pedagogy Course from the CNE/CP No 1/2006 since they offer at least one required course on Special Education in their curricular matrix, which looks forward to approaching content related , among others, to teacher training that aims to identify, get in contact and work with special need students enrolled in regular schools. The terms of the student needs related to training in Special Education centralize the demands that disorganize or that disadvantage the academic teaching support and the initial training linked to the initiation to teaching. It is proposed that the Pedagogy Course curricular matrixes focus on the interdisciplinary work, in which professors seek for the theorical articulation, practice and that they inter-relate the different contents through Special Education theme aiming the teacher education for the inclusive reality in the educational environment. In the two courses studied, it was noted the intention, even if small, to consolidate more and more the interdisciplinary space in the academic setting.
As práticas terapêuticas não convencionais nos serviços de saúde: revisão sistemática da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-05)
Cruz, Pérola Liciane Baptista da
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Sampaio, Sueli Fatima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0074038474744194
Introduction: Based in proposed changes in the health care model, aiming at complying the principles of Unified Health System, and enhanced by international bodies such as World Health Organization, the use of integrative practices have increased in the services of health care in Brazil. In the case of traditional medicine or complementary and alternative system, the primary health care has become the main focus of action globally, with several benefits brought across studies. With the large number of information related to the issue, aimed to review the literature indexed in databases the search for scientific evidence concerning in the period between 2006 and 2012. Methods: The integrative literature review enables the synthesis of the state of knowledge of a subject, occurring in six stages: identifying the topic, literature search, categorization of studies, evaluation studies, interpretation of results and presentation of the synthesis. Results: Selected 42 studies for analysis, present a strong presence of traditional practices in the field of primary care globally, and experiences the use of alternative and complementary medicine, outside Brazil, in tertiary care setting. It is observed lack of knowledge of professionals and shortages public policies for real theme development, as well as further evidence about the costs of this change in the way health care. Conclusion: Based on the benefits already identified and discussed, the comprehensive improvement in the quality of life in communities, points to the need for greater investment in research, dissemination and training in the area, in order to supply an increasing demand, as well as studies that brings evidence to safety use and public investments.
Impactos da urbanização na ictiofauna de riachos na parte superior da bacia do Alto Rio Paranapanema (SP), Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-05)
Peressin, Alexandre
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Cetra, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8678022880791435
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Mattox, George Mendes Taliaferro
Aquatic ecosystems have suffered strong anthropogenic pressure, through the construction of dams, water exploitation, chemical pollution, destruction of the surrounding environment, especially riparian vegetation, and structural changes such as channeling and siltation. Fish assemblages may respond in different ways to these environmental changes, because species exhibit different constraints, e.g., habitat demands, physiological tolerance. Thus, some species may be favored in detriment of others. Aware of the need to understand and identify the patterns response of fish assemblages and individual organisms to impact factors, this study aimed to investigate how fish biodiversity (i.e., assemblages and population-scale) respond to urbanization. Fish samples were collected in four stretches located in urban areas and six located in non-urban areas of the upper Paranapanema river basin. Chapter I focused on detecting changes in physical habitat variables, structure and composition of the fish assemblage. Multivariate analyses ordered stretches in a urbanized non urbanized gradient. Non urbanized stretches exhibited greater values of shading, vegetated surronding and coarser substrate. Assemblage structure, i.e., Shannon diversity index, Pielou evenness and Margalef richness, did not change in response to urbanization, as well as the relationship between abundance and biomass. In contrast, assemblages composition was different, as well as richness estimates based on rare species, which was lower in urban stretches. The patterns herein obtained illustrate the process of species replacement, already demonstrated in disturbed environments, in which species pre-adapted to the new conditions increase in abundance, while otherspreviously absent establish successfully. Therefore, diversity values maintain, but composition varies. In general, midwater omnivorous species were more abundant in urban areas, while loricarids and benthic invertivores presented higher average abundance in nonurban stretches. Chapter II aimed to identify changes in the trophic structure, substrate composition and its influence on trophic structure and body condition. For this, species diet was quantified according to the Degree of Food Preference (DFP) method, based on six items: plant material, algae, detritus, invertebrates, insects and fish. According to the items consumed, species were classified in trophic groups. Fourteen species were considered invertivorous/detritivorous, seven herbivorous/detritivorous, seven omnivorous and one piscivorous. Four invertivores/insectivores were exclusive of nonurban stretches and one species exclusive of urban stretches. Three herbivores/detritivores were exclusive of the nonurban stretches, whereas three omnivores were exclusive to urban stretches. Trophic structure richness, abundance and biomass were compared between urban and nonurban stretches. Abundance was not affected by urbanization, whereas richness and biomass varied between stretch groups. Substrate composition differed according to stretch type, and was positively related to invertivores/insectivores and herbivore/detritivores richness, whereas negatively related to omnivore biomass. These results suggest complex relationships between food availability, trophic plasticity and species foraging habits. It is known that coarser substrates such as rocks, branches and trunks are useful as surface for periphyton algae growth as well as shelters for aquatic macroinvertebrates. Thus, changes in substrate may alter resources availability for certain species. Omnivores, in turn, can find other sources of food items due to its trophic plasticity. In general, almost all species absent from urban stretches exhibit some trophic specialization and often depend on heterogeneous substrate for foraging. Moreover, species exclusive to urban stretches are mid-water foragers that do not depend on substrate and present high trophic plasticity. Our conclusions were supported by Astyanax fasciatus body condition analysis, an omnivorous nektonic species which demonstrated higher mean weight in urban stretches, when discounted length.
Modelos de regressão bivariados Bernoulli : exponencial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-05)
Prado, Flávia Bolssone do
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2304280269027445