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Atenção à saúde de pessoas vivendo com o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-09)
Neiva, Caroline Fernandes Diniz
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Feliciano, Adriana Barbieri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9398810638733882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8300813529343885
This is an epidemiological study, the type or cross sectional. Objectives: To describe the profile of individuals with type 2 DM according to sociodemographic variables, disease history, lifestyle habits, morbidity, access to health services, to identify the types of drug treatment in place to care for the disease; describe adherence to medication in people with type 2 diabetes; describe the profile of care offered at the clinic for patients with type 2 DM. The study population comprised the universe of 102 patients with type 2 DM, enrolled in a USF in São Carlos, SP. Three instruments were used for data collection, one being the instrument to measure treatment adherence - MAT. The first stage of information gathering were the records of patients with type 2 DM and the second included interviews with users suffering from type 2 diabetes. The results showed that the study population was predominantly female (63%), and the age group 71-91 years (28.9%), most (47.8%) had education between 1 to 5 years of study and (54.4%) are retired. The majority (52.3%) found the DM within 5 years, (84.4%) diagnosed in the clinic. Regarding the habit of living 72% do not exercise and exhibit more significant comorbidities as hypertension and dyslipidemia. With regard to health status, 70% of women considered it fair / bad. Most participants (86.7%) use medications to control type 2 diabetes. Regarding the use of medications, most (64.5%) ingests up to four medications daily, and the therapeutic class of antidiabetic Biguanides most used (36.7%) and 21.1% use insulin. Regarding medications for comorbidities 35.5% use only antihypertensives. Regarding the description of adherence to treatment 64.1% had adherence to medication. Found higher frequency of diabetes in medical consultations (85%) compared to the consultation with the nurse (50%), 17.4% of subjects were in multidisciplinary care, and 31.4% were referred to a specialist. There are records of dental care in 16.3% of records. As to laboratory median total cholesterol (mg / dl) in women are higher (near 200), as the value of HDL-C in males there is a higher percentage of individuals (50%) with a median below 45 mg / dl, the average value of LDL-C (mg / dl) is closest to 100 mg / dL in male patients, the median TG (mg / dL) in both sexes showed values above 150 mg / dl, fasting glucose in female median value closer to 100 mg / dl, values Hb1Ac showed poor glycemic control. There are records of diabetic foot evaluation in 24.4% of records. We conclude that there is need for ongoing training of health professionals that are part of the Family Health Teams in order to achieve greater implementation of education programs in diabetes and clinical protocols intensify strategies to improve adherence to drug treatment, and control metabolic health monitoring.
Soldagem por fricção e mistura (FSW) no aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 304
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-09)
Plaine, Athos Henrique
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Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8992899102845408
Stainless steels are an important class of engineering materials with attractive properties such as high mechanical and corrosion resistance and thereby widely used in a variety of industries and environments due to its outstanding properties such as mechanical and corrosion resistance. These materials, which are usually considered difficult to weld by conventional fusion welding processes, have demonstrated outstanding performance when joined by Friction Stir Welding (FSW), a solid-state joining process. FSW input energy regulates the magnitude of the thermal cycle and the intensity of deformation during the process, and it can be controlled by the welding parameters, which affects the grain features and consequently the mechanical properties of the joints. The aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of producing friction stir welds of a 304 austenitic stainless steel and correlate this process to the microstructures and mechanical properties in these joints. The samples were produced using a polycrystalline cubic boron nitrides (PCBN) tool and four different rotational speeds. Microstructural investigation showed that all joints presented, besides the base material (BM), the three typical FSW zones: stir zone (SZ), termomecanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ). The ZTA exhibited a microstructure similar to MB, while ZTMA and ZM were characterized by dynamic recovery and recrystallization, respectively. In the advancing side of ZM was observed the formation of sigma phase, a brittle and undesirable phase. The welding parameters variation affected mainly the deformation experienced by the material, the average grain size and length of the weld zones. The mechanical tests were consistency with the observed microstructures, being the mechanical properties of joints higher than BM, which is very attractive from the technological point of view.
Concepção dos gestores municipais de saúde em relação ao acolhimento com avaliação de risco: limites e possibilidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-09)
Sudré, Graciano Almeida
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Souza, Mariza Borges Brito de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0610841005775750
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6780495629799281
This is a qualitative study aimed to evaluate the limits and possibilities for implementation of user embracement and risk assessment. In particular, from the perspective of local health managers of San Carlos, a town in the state of São Paulo. To collect the data, some semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers of the municipal health system: 61.53% graduated in nursing, 15.38% in medicine, 7.69% in dentistry; 7.69% in management and production engineering. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. For this research, after collecting and analyzing data, six categories emerged from the analysis: (1) user embracement by organizing the service, (2) undesirable reality or constructed intentionally, (3) something intended but not accomplished, (4) A dream under construction, (5) learning to learn in daily service, (6) speaking the same language. From this definition, the study pointed out that there are different conceptions of user embracement , due to the approach assumed by each manager as suitable. There are also disparities in taking user embracement and under risk assessment as a procedure, possibly as a result of intricate political actions on health. To implement user embracement and risk assessment, it was possible to perceive the existence of limits and possibilities, with regards to organization of the service, local reality, care approaches, quality of assistance, permanent and continuing education as well as networking.
Gerenciamento do trabalho em saúde: as concepções de profissionais e usuários da estratégia saúde da família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-10)
Melo, Flávio Adriano Borges
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Ogata, Márcia Niituma
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2146448542549482
The management of health work is the art of thinking, deciding and acting, is the art of making things happen, to get results that can be defined, planned, analyzed and evaluated, but must be achieved through people and human interaction constant. It differs from health management in order to refer to the work being performed at the local level, so in the establichment of health. Based on these principles and the reality experienced in Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Community and Family Health at the Federal University of São Carlos/SP, we sought to develop this research has aimed at exploring the views of professionals and users of Health Strategy Family (HSF) on management of health work and specific objectives to analyze the perceptions of professionals and users FHS on management of health work, identify the type of management that exists in the Family Health Unit (FHU), identify how gives the participation of representatives of users on the Local Management Council (LMC) health with regard to the management of health work at FHU, identify the existence of potential and/or weaknesses brought about the development of democratic management in health and propose strategies that can facilitate the exercise of democratic management in health. This is a case study with a qualitative approach. The study took place in a FHU city of São Carlos/SP professionals that comprise this unit (doctor, nurse, dentist, nurse assistant, dental office assistants and community health workers) and user representatives from the LMC to that unit. Information obtained through interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Upon completion of the analysis, we determined the formation of three categories, which were: work health organization and management at the FHU, popular participation and control in health and social facilities and difficulties for the development of democratic management in health. The management of health work focused on democratic management in health still faces some difficulties in it's implementation. However, some issues like popular participation and teamwork strategies may be able to provide a labor organization horizontalized, defragmented, decentralized and coaccountability for decision-making of every individual members of the management structure.
Números racionais na forma fracionária: atividades para superar dificuldades de aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-10)
Lima, Fernanda Soto
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Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050
This dissertation presents the development of activities related to the teaching of rational numbers in fractional form so diverse and unique to the teacher and the students, through the exploitation of that content with manipulatives - construction of a fractional fractal card, use graph paper and in particular the construction of a curtain fractional color to the classroom - made in mathematics classes in 6th grade C Elementary School II of the afternoon, in order to show the importance and use of mathematical theory combined with practice. Highlights the importance of the teaching of mathematics, a brief history of the use of fractions in ancient Egyptian civilization and the construction of an instructional sequence based on the Didactic Engineering. Describes the steps for implementing the instructional sequence, its development in the classroom and conclusions pointing out that the use of manipulatives improves understanding of concepts related to rational numbers in fractional form. It also presents design variations, which can be developed by teachers in Elementary and High School.
Práticas populares utilizadas por gestantes de alto risco: existe suporte na literatura sobre essas práticas?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-10)
Suzuki, Liane Kiyomi
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El-khatib, Umaia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8417513594802650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1388070243053653
The usage of popular practices in order to either the treatment or prevention of both diseases and symptoms is very common along pregnancy, because of various maternal adaptations, frequent symptoms and requirement of special care. These popular practices are often regarded as healthy, beneficial and safe because they are "natural", however many plants are contraindicated because they may have toxic, teratogenic and abortifacient potential. The objective of study was to identify which popular practices (medicinal plants, homemade recipes and specific foods) are used by pregnant women at high risk for treatment and prevention of diseases or symptoms; to know the therapeutics indications; to check whether the information regarding these practices are cited sustention in technical literature, and if there are any contraindications throughout pregnancy. This is an clinical, cross-sectional and descriptive study done with 78 pregnant women who received medical and nutritional consultation on a clinic for high-risk cases at Maternity Santa Casa in São Carlos, within the period of April to July of 2012; these patients were interviewed based on a structured script, after the approval of the Ethics Committee and consent of the interviewees. For data analysis, it was used both simple descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The results showed these pregnant women, in average, were 28.5 year-olds, and with 26.9 gestational weeks, which most of them were housewives, with family support; white, coming from the southeast; with 7 to 11 years of school; per capita income ½ to 1 minimum wage and evangelical religion. Independently of age, gestational age, ethnic groups, religion, education, income and region of origin, the pregnant women use the popular practices. From all the interviewed pregnant women, 64.10% confirmed the usage of some type of popular practice, related to symptoms of heartburn, flu, nausea, constipation, anxiety, diabetes, hypertension, cramps and others. Among the main popular practices used by the interviewed pregnant women, those with therapeutic indications are compatible with those described in the literature, except in the case of banana which effect over a cramp has not been scientifically proved. However, in many cases, their usage by pregnant women is contraindicated due to the teratogenic, abortive or toxic effects, such as in the cases of Boldo tea (Peumus boldus, Plectranthus barbatus), ginger (in high doses) (Zingiber officinale), immature papaya (Carica papaya), chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita), erva-cidreira tea (Melissa officinalis, Lippia alba, Cymbolponcitratus) and Melão-de-São-Caetano tea (Momordica charantia). To conclude, data about medicinal plants safety during pregnancy are scarce and often contradictory. More studies and researches are necessary about medicinal plants and popular practices done with teas, and not with plant extract, because this suggests that the quantities are excessively higher than those that would be consumed in teas. In the presence of any evidence suggesting risks for pregnancy, the usage of such plants should be avoided. The divulgation of results of this study should be done dialogically between health workers and users, so do not confront rather than ignore their cultural and popular knowledge, but that promotes reflection on their use of data obtained from the literature.
Estabelecimento de escrita sob controle de ditado como base para a recombinação na leitura e na escrita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-10)
Reis, Thaíze de Souza
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3497049970396440
Several studies are interested in the acquisition of reading and spelling as well as in the role the acquisition of one ability plays in the acquisition of the other. However, many of these studies focus on reading rather than on spelling. This study aimed to teach spelling skills and verify whether it would affect the reading repertoire. To teach spelling, a constructed response matching to sample task was employed. In this task, a sample (that could be a printed word, a picture, a picture and its correspondent printed word or a dictated word) was presented as well as a pool of randomly chosen letters. Children had to select in the correct order the letters to spell the word correspondent to the sample. Thirty Portuguese words were taught. Five studies were conducted. In Study 1, each word was taught till criterion and once it was achieved the word was no longer presented during training. Two students took part but only one achieved the criterion for the totality of the words. Although the criterion was achieved rapidly for most words, the performance decreased on the posttest probes. Study 2 employed a mixed training: groups of three words were taught together so that in each trial one of the words worked as a sample. Study 3 employed the mixed training and a cumulative baseline: words previously taught were interspersed with words to be taught. Study 4 introduced a new variable, besides the mixed training and the cumulative baseline: a compound sample. In this study, words should be constructed under the control of a sample compounded by a picture and its correspondent printed word. After training, all participants of the Studies 2, 3 and 4 showed high spelling performances and excepting one participant, all of them had great improvements in reading. Reading scores were more variable than spelling scores. Performances with new words (compounded by the syllables of the taught words) were variable and some participants did not show recombinative repertoire. Also, some participants showed performances with some words before they were actually trained. Because of that, Study 5 employed a group design to evaluate the effect of the teaching procedure. The Experimental Group took the teaching procedure lessons (the same version employed in Study 4) while the Control Group was exposed only to the assessment sessions. The Experimental Group performances in spelling, reading and other relations evaluated were significantly higher than the Control Group performances. These results showed that the procedure have been effective in teaching spelling and also in promoting the emerge of reading.
Vivências dos fisioterapeutas egressos da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e Comunidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-11)
Costa, Mariana Lisboa
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Silva, Roseli Ferreira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8525638483100858
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1413847070289563
A formation in health, seeking population real needs, requires that Higher Education Institutions (IES) and the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) observe commitment, cooperation and responsible relationships towards the professional development. The Multi-professional Residency Program in Health is configured as a potential strategy to the professional development of abilities and formation for SUS. In this context, the goal of the present study was to analyze the physiotherapists‟ experiences that attended a multi-professional residency program in family and community health- RMSFC at a public university, intending to verify the repercussions of the professional practice. In the current qualitative case study participated nine former physiotherapists from a RMSFC. In order to collect data it was employed an Oral Story technique. For so much, a trigger question was elaborated, intending to explore the historical path of the physiotherapists‟ practice. Therefore, the interviews had been transcripted and transcreated for the accomplishment of the analysis, in which the sense interpretation method had been used. In the analysis, it had been defined the following outstanding themes: 1) From different starting points- in a search for an identity, and coming from different starting points, they were Setting sail on unknown seas . 2) A meeting point where a new identity is built - the residency was considered as a meeting place where it is possible to build a new identity. 3) The awkwardness of the labor world: new challenges and perspectives - the physiotherapists revealed through their professional experiences life as it is and 4) The future to God belongs! - the subjects wish to pursue different paths pointing that the essence of the dream is the fulfillment of the desire . It has been observed that the residency had an important role in the professional formation of the former physiotherapists, mostly in regard to the acquisition of a broad vision in health care in the primary attention, in the interaction and teamwork with other professionals. Nevertheless, the residency cannot become the savior of the fragmented educational process of graduation. It is necessary to continue investing in this health formation, as well in changes concerning the professional profile according to the Curriculum National Guidelines. For the residency programs is suitable to inquire if the developments of abilities to deal with life like it is should not be part of the egresses profile.
A formação do profissional de educação física e a perspectiva da saúde pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-11)
Paulo, Camila Milan
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Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3129590242710218
The field work of physical education professional expansion that now considers their performance in health area and the implementation of Curriculum Guidelines for the graduate courses of Physical Education published in 2004 that also brings this perspective, so this study aimed to analyze the physical education professional formation of the public schools from São Paulo State under the health perspective. The methodological is based on a qualitative approach and the data collecting was achieved through document analysis of the pedagogical projects of the five schools analyzed in the study and semistructured interviews with the Course Coordinators of these schools. The dialogue between literature review and data research, built categories of analysis: a) A health focus: generally health content are still new in schools curricula, not having specifically targets to treat this perspective, b) Between reality and possibility: although the health content are not yet present in a systematic manner within the curriculum, two schools demonstrate innovative experiences that seek to break this situation, prioritizing comprehensive health care and multiprofessional work; c) Interdisciplinary content: schools showed a concern in breaking formats centric in unconnected contents, through the implementation of thematic curricula and synthesis disciplines, beyond experiences that value the multiprofessional work; d) Theory and practice in discussion: schools do not indicate clearly how the inseparability theory and practice is conceived within the curriculum of their courses, but merely to highlight the inseparability strategies (practice designed as a curriculum component, practical professional training and enrichment activities), proposed in National Curriculum Guidelines, yet not so cohesive and clear. Those questions indicate that changes should be thought either in the text of the National Curriculum Guidelines as the concept and elaboration of pedagogical projects from schools. Furthermore, the need for partnerships between university education and services, as well as the training of teachers for working in this area has appeared as emerging. The integrated curricula proposed, guided by the interprofessional education, interdisciplinary and problem-solving approach also emerged as a viable and effective alternative to changes in current reality.
Nano céria dopada com gadolínia: condutividade elétrica e correlação com a micro e nanoestrutura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-11)
Villas-Bôas, Lúcia Adriana
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5196590498448169
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are clean and efficient energy conversion devices, considered as one of the key enabling technologies for future hydrogen economy and for stationary power generation. However novel materials are needed for reducing the working temperature which limits the economic viability of fuel cells due to long-term stability problems. Ceria-based electrolytes, due to their high ionic conductivity with respect to traditional zirconia-based electrolytes, are amongst the most promising oxide-ion conductors to be used in intermediate temperature SOFCs operating at 500-700 ºC with high efficiency. The major difficulty in using ceria as electrolyte is related to Ce+4 to Ce+3 reductions, which occurs at low oxygen partial pressure and at high temperature (this is the electrolyte condition at the anode region). Another drawback in using ceria solid solutions is the poor sinterability which requires high temperatures (1400-1600 ºC) to achieve high densification (> 95%), makes the manufacturing process costly. Several approaches in research have been done to reduce the device working temperature and also the electrolyte sintering temperature. In the present work, the concomitant use of sintering aids (Co and Zn) and nanopowders was investigated. Besides this, three distinct processing routes were adopted and afterwards sintered by a two-step process. The sinterability, microstructure, electrical conductivity and electrolyte domain of Co or Zn-doped Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 samples were evaluated against the performance of undoped powders. Cobalt or zinc additions were effective as sintering aid allowing peak sintering temperatures about 950 °C to reach densifications in excess of 93%, showing no evidence for the presence of secondary phases. The electrical properties and microstructure were dependent of processing route, additives and sintering profile. The total conductivity at 800 °C of pressed samples sintered at 1200 °C-1000 °C/10h with 0,4 mol% Zn (6.7x10-2 S/cm) and 2 mol% Co (7.4x10-2 S/cm) were similar to undoped samples (7.2x10-2 S/cm), showing that Zn and Co had a positive effect on densification without compromising the electrical conductivity and electrolyte domain.
Avaliação do desempenho dos ciclos de filtração e regeneração dos meios filtrantes com limpeza por pulso de ar reverso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-11)
Cirqueira, Samirys Sara Rodrigues
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2152791108686871
The presence of particles after the reverse air pulse cleaning process inside the filter medium ensures the increase in pressure drop of the subsequent cycle. The performance of the filter medium after several filtration cycles and cleaning cycles with reverse air pulse is not clearly known. For this purpose, the main objective of this work was to investigate the performance of the filter medium with reverse air pulse cleaning through the study of cleaning efficiency and by observing the regeneration of filter media. The satisfactory performance of the experimental unit was observed in the preliminary trials during filtration and cleaning by reverse air pulse having polypropylene and acrylic as filter media and phosphate concentrate as particulate matter. It was found that the increase in the number of filtration and cleaning cycles had an influence on the behavior of the filter media, when the filtration velocity was kept at 4 cm/s, the pressure drop at 200 Pa and with pulse time of 200 ms. It was observed that, even with the heterogeneity of filter media, particles were trapped on the surface of the fabric and the number of particles retained increased with the increase in the number of cycles. When comparing the filter media submitted to two hundred filtration and cleaning cycles, it was found that the polypropylene filter presented greater permeability, greater specific resistance and cake porosity, greater amount of mass retained after cleaning and greater cleaning efficiency than the acrylic filter using the same operational parameters. However, the performance was satisfactory for both filter media which, despite their differences, showed to be adequate for the operations of filtration and reverse air pulse cleaning.
O trabalho flexível no comércio varejista: multifuncionalidade e precarização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-11)
Santos, Silvio Matheus Alves
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8915024070223960
This dissertation dealt with job in the multinacional fast fashion retail. The research analysed speeches of permanent workers, that make part of an organization of flexible working, logic skills and multifunctionality, in search of targets in the carrier plan. In this context, we realized the process of job insecurity and work intensification when workers assume the responsability of personal and professional targets set by the enterprise. We also observed the impacts on their physical and psychological health. As results, we noticed that the work intensifies and become complex with the increasing of demand in celebratory events. Moreover, there are an increase of responsability and accumulation of tasks that appears according to the carrier plan. The research was made in two C& A stores in Aracaju-Sergipe in 2011. It was conducted through interviews with the workers, observations during working time, raising of materials and public documentation about the enterprise.
Fractais no ensino médio: uma sequência didática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-11)
Adami, Paulo Sérgio
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Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8314031392359250
The intention of this dissertation is to describe a didactic sequence which aims at giving conditions to students so they are able to construct notions about the applications of fractal geometry and dynamical systems, aiding them in realizing the importance of mathematics to the development of the most diverse fields of human knowledge. Mathematics, so often emphasized in classrooms, privileges its procedural aspect, forcing the student not to perceive it as a dynamic science, linked to the comprehension of phenomena in the several fields of knowledge. Euclidean Geometry, thoroughly advertised, is, in general, more appropriate to the study of shapes found in houses, bridges and machine constructions among others, and the student might be taken to assume that mathematics is distant from the shapes observed beyond the windows of the classroom, such as in clouds, trees, rays that cut the skies and so on.
A crítica cinematográfica em O Diário de S. Paulo entre 1968 e 1969: um estudo sobre a experiência dos estudantes da Universidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-11)
Bellinger, Isabella Mitiko Ikawa
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Araújo, Luciana Sá Leitão Corrêa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9890886509956837
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9457187037175172
This research is a study of the film section in O Diário de S. Paulo between July 1968 and June 1969. In this year, a group composed by Álvaro Ferreira, Claudio de Andrade (pseudonym initially used by Jean-Claude Bernardet), Djalma Batista, Eduardo Leone, Frida, Ismail Xavier, José Possi Neto, Marília Aires (now Marília Franco), Maurice Politi, Sérvulo Peres Siqueira e Valéria Silveira signed the film criticism in this journal. Most of these students were from the first Cinema s class in ECC-USP (Escola de Comunicações Culturais da Universidade de São Paulo), which later would become ECA-USP (Escola de Comunicações e Artes). Others came from Theater and Journalism. This experience in O Diário de S. Paulo is what we propose to study in this work.
Contribuições ao estudo do transporte eletrônico em nanofios semicondutores : localização e estados de interface
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-11)
Simon, Ricardo de Almeida
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2832097534674031
In this work, we studied the influence of surface charges on the properties (especially electronic transport) of semiconductor nanowires and nanobelts via computer simulations and also they were compared to experimental results. After a brief introduction over possible applications of nanowires and nanobelts and a discussion of the processes of growth and device building for characterization of the structures, the theoretical foundations required for the development of models and equations used to determine the electronic properties of some structures of interest were presented. The first developed model takes into account the effects of charges distributed randomly on the surface of structures and shows their contribution to confinement and electron distribution in the nanostructures. This idea was applied to In2O3 nanobelts based devices and showed that the presence of surface charges pushes electrons to the center of nanobelt, making the electron-electron scattering mechanism important in electron transport. This behavior was also observed experimentally through a resistance-temperature experiments where was observed a decreasing resistance for T < 77K. This behavior was observed in nanobelts presenting smaller width and disappearing with increasing dimensions of the nanobelt. Roughly speaking, calculation results agree with the experimental ones confirming that disorder leads to a superficial random potential which in turn, controls the electron flow in the nanobelt. In view of the above results, a model was developed to study the influence of the superficial disorder in the formation of metal-semiconductor interfaces required to build a real device. In this new model, we studied the effect of surface charges on the profile of the conduction band of a germanium nanowire device on which usual Schottky and Ohmic contacts were defined. Again the results show that the presence of the random potential leads to localization of surface charges, generating the so-called surface states, which in turn alters the profile of the conduction band in every direction of the nanowire. As a result some changes in the calculated electric current were observed. The main influence of surface states is the changing the transport mechanism: from thermionic emission to diffusion of carriers. Various current-voltage (I-V) curves were then simulated at different temperatures and investigating the evolution of the transport mechanisms with the variation of the surface state density, we observed a decrease of the value of Schottky barrier height. Experimental values of Schottky barrier height obtained from fitting I-V curves for germanium nanowire devices are satisfactorily close to the results that we have obtained for a surface states density of 1013cm􀀀2. With this model is possible to determine both the dominant mechanism of current transport and also the barrier height and density of surface states characteristics of the device.
Estudos sobre a fotodegradação de poluentes catalisada por semicondutores: avaliação do papel do dopante nitrogênio na atividade de TiO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Soares, Gabriela Byzynski
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9466363821556466
The photodegradation of organic pollutants in water, catalyzed by semiconductors, is an important and well-known area but it is still necessary develop new materials showing visible photoactivity, in order to take advantage of solar energy. One important material that have gained attention in this field is TiO2 doped with nitrogen (N:TiO2), which absorbs in wavelengths until 450 cm-1. However, its photocatalytic activity is in discussion, and the mechanisms increasing its activity are not clear understood yet, such as when the dopant could be deleterious to the activity. Therefore, this work has as principal goal the discussion about TiO2 and N:TiO2 photocatalytic activity from consolidated literature evaluations and comparatively with electrochemical experiments, which can infer how electronic proprieties are modified in the doping process. For that, a simple method for TiO2 doping with nitrogen was developed, by modifying a polymeric precursor with urea. The predominant crystalline phase was anatase and the characterization indicated that the doping method was effective. The calcination temperature variation resulted in different N substitutional and interstitial quantities and the relation about both presented fundamental importance for the doped nanoparticles photocatalytic activity in visible light. Also, it was observed that visible activity is better associated with dye sensitizing mechanism than with oxidants radicals generation. Thus, electrochemical studies with solid electrodes produced by the same nanoparticles synthesized before (and not as thin films) were done, which showed lower less efficiencies for N:TiO2 electrode. It was also observed that the doping process reduces the semiconductor band gap energy and the Fermi level to more negatives potential values, decreasing the energetic barrier for electronic transfer between Fermi level and conduction band. These results confirmed the doping importance on the direct transfer electronic mechanism for the organic substrates over the hydroxyls radical generation mechanism, which is more common on the advanced oxidative process.
Análise etofarmacológica do labirinto em cruz elevado aberto para avaliar comportamentos defensivos e a antinocicepção induzida pelo medo em camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Sorregotti, Tatiani
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Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9354501882831474
Exposure of rodents to an open elevated plus-maze (oEPM) elicits antinociception and increases plasma corticosterone levels. However, no studies have yet assessed the defensive behaviour repertoire of animals in this modified test situation. In Experiment 1, factor analysis was employed to characterise the behavioural profile of mice exposed to the oEPM. Experiments 2 and 3 assessed the effects of acute alprazolam (0.5-1.5 mg/kg), diazepam (0.5-1.5 mg/kg), pentylenetetrazole (10.0-30.0 mg/kg), yohimbine (0-6 mg/kg), mCPP (0-3 mg/kg), and acute and chronic fluoxetine (10.0-30.0 mg/kg) and imipramine (1.0-15.0 mg/kg) on the various behaviours identified in Experiment 1. Experiment 4 assesed the effect of nociceptive stimulus (formalin test) on behavioural profile of mice exposed to the oEPM. Experiment 5 evaluated the effects of alprazolam in mice exposed to the oEPM under noxious stimuli. The factor analyses revealed that behaviour in the oEPM can largely (77% total variance) be accounted for in terms of 3 factors: factor 1 ( depth exploration ; e.g. head-dipping on the arms), factor 2 ( cautious exploration of arms ; e.g. flatback approach), and factor 3 ( risk assessment ; stretched attend postures). Experiments 2 and 3 showed that, over the dose range used, alprazolam selectively attenuated all measures of defensiveness. Similar, though more modest, effects were seen with diazepam. Pentylenetetrazole decreased total entries and head dipping outside the central square, but did not change other behavioural measures. Although acute fluoxetine or imipramine treatment failed to modify behaviour in the oEPM, chronic fluoxetine (but not chronic imipramine) attenuated total flat back approach and increased head dipping outside the central square. While yohimbine decreased SAP frequency in the central square and flat-back total, mCPP increased the latter behaviour. Experiment 4 showed that effects of nociceptive stimulus were opposite effect of alprazolam: increased SAP in the proximal areas and arm-ends and decreased head-dipping in the arms. Experiment 5 replicated the effects observed in Experiment 2 (treatment with alprazolam per se). Together, the results indicate that the oEPM induces behavioural defensive responses that are sensitive to alprazolam and to formalin test.
Ecologia populacional de espécies lenhosas clonais em savana neotropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Lucena, Isabela Codolo de
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8039678256614548
The aims of this thesis were: to investigate the heterogeneity of soils and to evaluate the contribution of clonal growth to the population dynamics of woody species under contrasting soil conditions. In the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone (15º43 S; 56º04 W), the soil possesses typical features from both the soil of Cerrado in the Central Plateau and the soil of the Pantanal Plain. Given the variability of soil and pluviosity, our hypothesis is that clonal growth is the demographic parameter that most contributes to the population growth rate () of five woody species in this ecotone area. This study was carried out in five Cerrado areas. We identified four soil categories; three of them typic Litoplinthic Petric Plintosol, typic Dystrophic Yellow Latosol and Dystrophic Yellow Latosol with plinthite had not yet been described for the study site. The chemical attributes aluminum saturation, magnesium, calcium, pH and manganese explained 38.7% of the variability of the soils in the study sites. The spatial distribution of the edaphic attributes was heterogeneous. These attributes differed between the soils in the Cerrado Pantanal ecotone and the soils of Cerrado in the Central Plateau and of the Pantanal Plain. The population dynamics of Curatella americana, a dominant species with wide geographical distribution, was evaluated in Petric Plintosol (P) and in Yellow Latosol (L), in the dry and rainy seasons. Sexual reproduction and seedling growth were higher in P, whereas clonal growth was higher in L. The population growth rate (λ) was higher in P. The adult survival rate exerted the strongest effect on λ for the two soil categories and the dry and rainy seasons. The interaction between soil category and pluviosity exerted the strongest effect on λ. We also analyzed the dynamics of species with small populations (Bowdichia virgilioides and Roupala montana) and large populations (Curatella americana and Caryocar brasiliense), to determine which demographic parameters characterize woody clonal species with different sizes. For the species with small populations, the rate of sexual reproduction and the density of all life stages were smaller, whereas the clonal growth was higher. Small populations were more susceptible to variations in soil and pluviosity. The rates that most contributed to the λ of Bowdichia virgilioides and Roupala montana in L and P were: respectively, the survival of young ramets and immatures, in the dry season; and for both species, the survival of adults, in the rainy season. For C. americana and C.brasiliense, the survival of adults was the parameter that most contributed to λ, independently of soil category and season. The study indicated an heterogeneity of the superficial layer of the soil and of the soil categories that occur in this area. Soils with contrasting attributes exerted an important effect on the dynamics of woody clonal species. The survival of young and immature individuals, originated from clonal growth, was the rate that most contributed to the λ of the small-sized populations of woody clonal species B. virgilioides and R. montana , whereas the survival of adults was the rate that most contributed to the λ of the large-sized populations C. americana and C. brasiliense.
Desenvolvimento de um programa e avaliação de material autoinstrucional para formação de agentes favorecedores de comportamento de estudo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Coser, Danila Secolim
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Cortegoso, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387766161450223
The engagement of parents, and adults in general, with the academic activities of children is an important factor for establishing adequate study conditions as early as possible, avoiding that this kind of learning happens by chance, through trial and error and coercive control. Based on the behavior analysis theory and the teaching technology denominated educational programming , the current work aims to develop and evaluate an individualized material for training adults for being agents that favor the studying behavior of children. The research was divided in two phases: 1. Elaboration of teaching material, based on teaching programming procedures and knowledge gathering already available. 2. Evaluation of the material regarding its efficiency as a condition for training agents for favoring the studying behavior. At the first step the following activities were done: a. description of the problem in which intervenes through the teaching programming; b. proposal of terminal teaching objectives, which could solve the problem, in a behavior form.; c. decomposition of the terminal objectives proposed in all the necessary actions to achieve them; d. identification of the working parts and intermediary objectives; e. definition of the starting repertoire of the apprentices in a behavior manner; f. teaching objectives sequencing according to complexity levels; g. teaching and evaluation planning; h. instructions, information, texts redacting for six modules of the teaching programming. The first phase results highlights the teaching programming potential, given that, compared to other subjects of the area, the defined teaching objectives seem more complete. During the second phase of the research, five participants used different parts of the individualized teaching material for training adults for being favoring behavioral studying agents; the same participants answered an evaluation form before, during and after the exposition to the teaching programming. The retrieved data allows affirming that the teaching programming material developed in this study is adequate as self-teaching material, with personalizes rhythm and composition, with an specific selection and sequencing of teaching units to be met. The systematic evaluation of the apprentices performance during the program activities shows some aspects of the programming teaching conditions that need to be reviewed. However, the verification of the training effects was impaired by the fact that the material was applied only partially for each participant and in a period near the children school holyday, preventing the conclusion of the practical activities. Finally, it is discussed aspects that should be considerate for future researches in this topic, such as: full teaching application programming; application period for the apprentices; development of all modules foreseen in teaching programming; review of the teaching conditions regarding the applied resources, amongst others.
Produção e caracterização de material de referência de forrageira para nutrientes e contaminantes inorgânicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Bossu, Carla Maíra
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2789193033004313
The main aim of this work was to produce a candidate material for national reference material, the forage Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. cv. Marandu, containing known levels of contaminants (Cr, Pb, Cd, and As) and macro and micronutrients (Ca, P, Mg, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Na). Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu was shown in 400 pots containing 25 kg of soil. The pots were kept in a greenhouse at Embrapa Southeast Livestock located in Sao Carlos, SP. A previous study was conducted in order to establish an appropriate concentration of contaminants that would not harm the dry matter production critically. In order to produce a reference material containing inorganic contaminants in its structure, the dose of 25 mmol/pots was chosen and added into 375 pots. The first harvest occurred after approximately 60 days of plant growth, and the second one after 120 days. Then, the samples were oven-dried at 45°C for 72 hours and grounded first in a cutting mill and then in an ultra-centrifugal mill to reduce particle size. It was produced 20 kg of dried and grounded material. After this, the homogenization and other processes were carried out, including packaging and gamma irradiation dosage in the range of 5-10 kGy to increase the shelf life. Other relevant studies were also undertaken, such as: particle size distribution, betweenbottles and within-bottle homogeneity evaluation, short and long term stability tests using ICP-MS techniques for As, Cd, Cr and Pb, and ICP OES for Ca, P, Mg, K, Cu, Fe, Mn , Zn and Na. Relative humidity and homogeneity between-bottles were also carried out using INAA. All tests presented results within the range of 95%, assuring homogeneity and stability of the candidate material for forage reference material. The consensus values for the 13 elements were determined by collaborative program. All these experiments were performed in accordance with the ISO Guides 30 to 35.