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Estudos sobre a fotodegradação de poluentes catalisada por semicondutores: avaliação do papel do dopante nitrogênio na atividade de TiO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Soares, Gabriela Byzynski
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9466363821556466
The photodegradation of organic pollutants in water, catalyzed by semiconductors, is an important and well-known area but it is still necessary develop new materials showing visible photoactivity, in order to take advantage of solar energy. One important material that have gained attention in this field is TiO2 doped with nitrogen (N:TiO2), which absorbs in wavelengths until 450 cm-1. However, its photocatalytic activity is in discussion, and the mechanisms increasing its activity are not clear understood yet, such as when the dopant could be deleterious to the activity. Therefore, this work has as principal goal the discussion about TiO2 and N:TiO2 photocatalytic activity from consolidated literature evaluations and comparatively with electrochemical experiments, which can infer how electronic proprieties are modified in the doping process. For that, a simple method for TiO2 doping with nitrogen was developed, by modifying a polymeric precursor with urea. The predominant crystalline phase was anatase and the characterization indicated that the doping method was effective. The calcination temperature variation resulted in different N substitutional and interstitial quantities and the relation about both presented fundamental importance for the doped nanoparticles photocatalytic activity in visible light. Also, it was observed that visible activity is better associated with dye sensitizing mechanism than with oxidants radicals generation. Thus, electrochemical studies with solid electrodes produced by the same nanoparticles synthesized before (and not as thin films) were done, which showed lower less efficiencies for N:TiO2 electrode. It was also observed that the doping process reduces the semiconductor band gap energy and the Fermi level to more negatives potential values, decreasing the energetic barrier for electronic transfer between Fermi level and conduction band. These results confirmed the doping importance on the direct transfer electronic mechanism for the organic substrates over the hydroxyls radical generation mechanism, which is more common on the advanced oxidative process.
Análise etofarmacológica do labirinto em cruz elevado aberto para avaliar comportamentos defensivos e a antinocicepção induzida pelo medo em camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Sorregotti, Tatiani
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Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9354501882831474
Exposure of rodents to an open elevated plus-maze (oEPM) elicits antinociception and increases plasma corticosterone levels. However, no studies have yet assessed the defensive behaviour repertoire of animals in this modified test situation. In Experiment 1, factor analysis was employed to characterise the behavioural profile of mice exposed to the oEPM. Experiments 2 and 3 assessed the effects of acute alprazolam (0.5-1.5 mg/kg), diazepam (0.5-1.5 mg/kg), pentylenetetrazole (10.0-30.0 mg/kg), yohimbine (0-6 mg/kg), mCPP (0-3 mg/kg), and acute and chronic fluoxetine (10.0-30.0 mg/kg) and imipramine (1.0-15.0 mg/kg) on the various behaviours identified in Experiment 1. Experiment 4 assesed the effect of nociceptive stimulus (formalin test) on behavioural profile of mice exposed to the oEPM. Experiment 5 evaluated the effects of alprazolam in mice exposed to the oEPM under noxious stimuli. The factor analyses revealed that behaviour in the oEPM can largely (77% total variance) be accounted for in terms of 3 factors: factor 1 ( depth exploration ; e.g. head-dipping on the arms), factor 2 ( cautious exploration of arms ; e.g. flatback approach), and factor 3 ( risk assessment ; stretched attend postures). Experiments 2 and 3 showed that, over the dose range used, alprazolam selectively attenuated all measures of defensiveness. Similar, though more modest, effects were seen with diazepam. Pentylenetetrazole decreased total entries and head dipping outside the central square, but did not change other behavioural measures. Although acute fluoxetine or imipramine treatment failed to modify behaviour in the oEPM, chronic fluoxetine (but not chronic imipramine) attenuated total flat back approach and increased head dipping outside the central square. While yohimbine decreased SAP frequency in the central square and flat-back total, mCPP increased the latter behaviour. Experiment 4 showed that effects of nociceptive stimulus were opposite effect of alprazolam: increased SAP in the proximal areas and arm-ends and decreased head-dipping in the arms. Experiment 5 replicated the effects observed in Experiment 2 (treatment with alprazolam per se). Together, the results indicate that the oEPM induces behavioural defensive responses that are sensitive to alprazolam and to formalin test.
Ecologia populacional de espécies lenhosas clonais em savana neotropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Lucena, Isabela Codolo de
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8039678256614548
The aims of this thesis were: to investigate the heterogeneity of soils and to evaluate the contribution of clonal growth to the population dynamics of woody species under contrasting soil conditions. In the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone (15º43 S; 56º04 W), the soil possesses typical features from both the soil of Cerrado in the Central Plateau and the soil of the Pantanal Plain. Given the variability of soil and pluviosity, our hypothesis is that clonal growth is the demographic parameter that most contributes to the population growth rate () of five woody species in this ecotone area. This study was carried out in five Cerrado areas. We identified four soil categories; three of them typic Litoplinthic Petric Plintosol, typic Dystrophic Yellow Latosol and Dystrophic Yellow Latosol with plinthite had not yet been described for the study site. The chemical attributes aluminum saturation, magnesium, calcium, pH and manganese explained 38.7% of the variability of the soils in the study sites. The spatial distribution of the edaphic attributes was heterogeneous. These attributes differed between the soils in the Cerrado Pantanal ecotone and the soils of Cerrado in the Central Plateau and of the Pantanal Plain. The population dynamics of Curatella americana, a dominant species with wide geographical distribution, was evaluated in Petric Plintosol (P) and in Yellow Latosol (L), in the dry and rainy seasons. Sexual reproduction and seedling growth were higher in P, whereas clonal growth was higher in L. The population growth rate (λ) was higher in P. The adult survival rate exerted the strongest effect on λ for the two soil categories and the dry and rainy seasons. The interaction between soil category and pluviosity exerted the strongest effect on λ. We also analyzed the dynamics of species with small populations (Bowdichia virgilioides and Roupala montana) and large populations (Curatella americana and Caryocar brasiliense), to determine which demographic parameters characterize woody clonal species with different sizes. For the species with small populations, the rate of sexual reproduction and the density of all life stages were smaller, whereas the clonal growth was higher. Small populations were more susceptible to variations in soil and pluviosity. The rates that most contributed to the λ of Bowdichia virgilioides and Roupala montana in L and P were: respectively, the survival of young ramets and immatures, in the dry season; and for both species, the survival of adults, in the rainy season. For C. americana and C.brasiliense, the survival of adults was the parameter that most contributed to λ, independently of soil category and season. The study indicated an heterogeneity of the superficial layer of the soil and of the soil categories that occur in this area. Soils with contrasting attributes exerted an important effect on the dynamics of woody clonal species. The survival of young and immature individuals, originated from clonal growth, was the rate that most contributed to the λ of the small-sized populations of woody clonal species B. virgilioides and R. montana , whereas the survival of adults was the rate that most contributed to the λ of the large-sized populations C. americana and C. brasiliense.
Desenvolvimento de um programa e avaliação de material autoinstrucional para formação de agentes favorecedores de comportamento de estudo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Coser, Danila Secolim
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Cortegoso, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387766161450223
The engagement of parents, and adults in general, with the academic activities of children is an important factor for establishing adequate study conditions as early as possible, avoiding that this kind of learning happens by chance, through trial and error and coercive control. Based on the behavior analysis theory and the teaching technology denominated educational programming , the current work aims to develop and evaluate an individualized material for training adults for being agents that favor the studying behavior of children. The research was divided in two phases: 1. Elaboration of teaching material, based on teaching programming procedures and knowledge gathering already available. 2. Evaluation of the material regarding its efficiency as a condition for training agents for favoring the studying behavior. At the first step the following activities were done: a. description of the problem in which intervenes through the teaching programming; b. proposal of terminal teaching objectives, which could solve the problem, in a behavior form.; c. decomposition of the terminal objectives proposed in all the necessary actions to achieve them; d. identification of the working parts and intermediary objectives; e. definition of the starting repertoire of the apprentices in a behavior manner; f. teaching objectives sequencing according to complexity levels; g. teaching and evaluation planning; h. instructions, information, texts redacting for six modules of the teaching programming. The first phase results highlights the teaching programming potential, given that, compared to other subjects of the area, the defined teaching objectives seem more complete. During the second phase of the research, five participants used different parts of the individualized teaching material for training adults for being favoring behavioral studying agents; the same participants answered an evaluation form before, during and after the exposition to the teaching programming. The retrieved data allows affirming that the teaching programming material developed in this study is adequate as self-teaching material, with personalizes rhythm and composition, with an specific selection and sequencing of teaching units to be met. The systematic evaluation of the apprentices performance during the program activities shows some aspects of the programming teaching conditions that need to be reviewed. However, the verification of the training effects was impaired by the fact that the material was applied only partially for each participant and in a period near the children school holyday, preventing the conclusion of the practical activities. Finally, it is discussed aspects that should be considerate for future researches in this topic, such as: full teaching application programming; application period for the apprentices; development of all modules foreseen in teaching programming; review of the teaching conditions regarding the applied resources, amongst others.
Produção e caracterização de material de referência de forrageira para nutrientes e contaminantes inorgânicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Bossu, Carla Maíra
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2789193033004313
The main aim of this work was to produce a candidate material for national reference material, the forage Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. cv. Marandu, containing known levels of contaminants (Cr, Pb, Cd, and As) and macro and micronutrients (Ca, P, Mg, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Na). Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu was shown in 400 pots containing 25 kg of soil. The pots were kept in a greenhouse at Embrapa Southeast Livestock located in Sao Carlos, SP. A previous study was conducted in order to establish an appropriate concentration of contaminants that would not harm the dry matter production critically. In order to produce a reference material containing inorganic contaminants in its structure, the dose of 25 mmol/pots was chosen and added into 375 pots. The first harvest occurred after approximately 60 days of plant growth, and the second one after 120 days. Then, the samples were oven-dried at 45°C for 72 hours and grounded first in a cutting mill and then in an ultra-centrifugal mill to reduce particle size. It was produced 20 kg of dried and grounded material. After this, the homogenization and other processes were carried out, including packaging and gamma irradiation dosage in the range of 5-10 kGy to increase the shelf life. Other relevant studies were also undertaken, such as: particle size distribution, betweenbottles and within-bottle homogeneity evaluation, short and long term stability tests using ICP-MS techniques for As, Cd, Cr and Pb, and ICP OES for Ca, P, Mg, K, Cu, Fe, Mn , Zn and Na. Relative humidity and homogeneity between-bottles were also carried out using INAA. All tests presented results within the range of 95%, assuring homogeneity and stability of the candidate material for forage reference material. The consensus values for the 13 elements were determined by collaborative program. All these experiments were performed in accordance with the ISO Guides 30 to 35.
Grupo focal e pesquisa ação: processos norteadores na construção de práticas de cuidado nas disfunções da articulação temporomandibular em uma equipe de saúde da família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Minorin, Thiago Stedile
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Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2468739112832134
Considered as a disease with chronic character and multifactorial etiology, and with intensity and duration that may vary according to the intensity of the present factors and to the interaction between these factors, the Temporomandibular Dysfunctions (TMD) may, in extreme cases, become incapacitating, or even cause the loss of working or studying days. According to researches developed in different populations, TMD present high levels of prevalence, a fact that requires more attention from the public health authorities. The treatment to this disease is more preferentially multiprofessional, therefore, the Family Health Team is the main entrance door for the patients to have access to the brazilian public health system and is a multiprofessional team, should be adequately prepared to identify, refer and follow up the cases of TMD in their territories. The presented research intended, by the application of the focal group and research-action strategies, identify and resolve the eventual lacks of knowledge concerning the TMD, helping the team to build and organize collectively this knowledge, targeting to qualify the care offered to the patients who have TMD. The participants, professionals working in the Family Health Team, were separated in groups and each group had an heterogeneous configuration referring to TMD. As a final result of this research, a flowchart has been developed by the team, with the intention of offering a better care to possible cases of patients with TMD. This step has been executed by using the tool know as Flowchart Analyzer. To achieve this result, seven meetings and a few strategies were necessary, such as: mobile visualization technic, group dinamics, expositive activity of cientific content, and daily evaluations on the work done. In conclusion, the focal group and the research-action have shown appropriate and having enough power to identify and to fill in the blanks presented by the knowledge of the team members. In addition to that, the participation on this research has been an appropriate way to acquire important knowledge that permeate the care practices that the team offers to the patients in their territory.
Flux avalanches in patterned superconducting thin films: ac susceptibility, morphology and related studies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-12)
Motta, Maycon
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Ortiz, Wilson Aires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8340540626164812
Avalanches are sudden dramatic phenomena that occur in nature. The technique of magneto-optical imaging (MOI) has allowed us to observe abrupt flux entrances in superconductors, the so-called ux avalanches, due to thermomagnetic instabilities in the vortex matter. Their morphology is fascinating, especially in superconducting thin films, where they develop in dendritic patterns. From a practical point of view, the flux avalanches undermine applications of superconducting thin films. In the last years, however, several steps have been reached to fully understand the fundamental physics of the phenomenon and also on how to suppress their occurrence. The present thesis deals with the study of flux avalanches in structured superconducting thin films. We have studied crystalline Nb and amorphous Mo79Ge21 thin films decorated with arrays of antidots (ADs or holes) produced by electron beam lithography. The magnetic response of these specimens has been investigated by means of MOI, dc magnetization and ac susceptibility. Firstly, we have established a link among those three techniques in the regime dominated by flux avalanches. We have observed that the reentrant behavior in the ac susceptibility at low temperatures occurs as a consequence of flux avalanches. Essentially, there is reuse of the channels created by the first ac cycle in a regime where the signal is weakly dependent on the temperature. Our results show that measurements of ac susceptibility versus ac field amplitude can be used to detect flux avalanches, since the signature of the flux avalanches appears as noisy curves of both ac susceptibility components. As a consequence, the critical current density as a function of temperature [Jc.T ] obtained by using the Bean model whose validity is assured by Cole-Cole plots is smooth for higher temperatures and, below a certain temperature onset, a non-smooth and noisy behavior takes place due to the avalanches. The temperature dependence of Jc.T,H was determined for different values of the applied magnetic field. The stability/instability frontier was then identified as the limiting temperature below which the curve Jc.T,H becomes noisy, indicating the occurrence of avalanches. Associated with this limiting temperature, the threshold critical current density to trigger avalanches is essentially independent of the magnetic field. This frontier corresponds to the upper threshold limit for the occurrence of avalanches. The effect in a thin film of a graded distribution of ADs which follows nearly the flux profile described by the Bean model has been studied. Compared to the uniform distribution, there is an increase of the critical current density at low fields. Moreover, viii the flux avalanches, highly induced by the presence of an array of ADs, have their activity reduced in temperature and magnetic field. For the first time, flux avalanches have been visualized in amorphous Mo79Ge21 thin film, both in plain and decorated thin films. Finally, we have investigated the influence of the lattice symmetry and AD geometry on the flux avalanche morphology. We have observed avalanches with the habit of forming trees where the trunk is parallel to the main axis of the square lattice and the branches form angles of 45 degrees. In addition to that, we have found an anisotropic penetration in a Nb thin film decorated with a square lattice of triangular ADs. Besides that, a sample having one half of the ADs in the form of squares, and the other half being circles, has been observed to present avalanches of different morphologies on each of its halves. We have also studied an a-MoGe thin film with a centered rectangular 2D Bravais lattice with square ADs which shows penetrations with different angles depending on the edge. The overall features of the avalanches, and in particular the 45-degree direction of the branches, have been confirmed by numerical simulations using the thermomagnetic model. Superconductivity, structured thin films, flux avalanches, magneto-optical imaging.
Figuras circulares: uma atividade envolvendo perímetro e área do círculo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-15)
Luzetti, Fabiano Donizeti da Silva
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Barros, Tomas Edson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5442017085057925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1398207268429362
This study aims to report the results of a didactic and pedagogic research that uses a sequence of experimental and investigative work for the metric relations involving perimeter and area of a circle, a topic of extreme importance to basic education. This research, which was conducted in the footsteps of Didactic Engineering, occurred in two rooms of grade 8/9 years of Elementary School II of a public school in the state of São Paulo. The results indicate that the use of the proposed work can promote learning through lessons more enjoyable and participatory students.
Ações colaborativas em contexto escolar: desafios e possibilidades do ensino de química para alunos com deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-15)
Melo, Érika Soares de
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870386329747725
This research intends to promote collaborative actions between a Chemistry teacher and a Special teacher of a school which is reference in attending visually impaired students from the inner part of the state of São Paulo, taking into account school inclusion and teaching-learning in Chemistry. The field research was developed in a state school of the inner part of the state of São Paulo, in the first year of High School. The research subjects were: a Chemistry teacher, a Special teacher and four students with visual impairment. The research was guided by the collaborative critical action research, which aims to contribute to the continuing education of the professionals in their work context and focus on possible reflections which may emerge in the process of rethinking their teaching practices. The data collection was divided into different steps: semi-structured interviews, in order to know the professional journeys of the Chemistry teacher and the Special teacher and also to know the visually impaired students school careers; coordinated meetings with the Chemistry teacher and the Special teacher, to promote collaborative actions and to develop pedagogical practices for teaching Chemistry to students with visual impairment; classroom observations, to understand the possibilities and tensions in the intervention using inclusive pedagogical practices with the visually impaired students; and classroom intervention, which would allow the teacher to try the pedagogical practices which were proposed in the meetings. The results showed how the Chemistry teacher cared about her students, since she had never taught students with visual impairment before. The partnership between the Chemistry teacher and the Special teacher was positive, culminating in the adaptation of materials for classroom intervention, which made the VI students get better grades in the evaluations. The students were evaluated considering their organization and participation in the School Science Fair and they did a very good job, being praised by the fair visitors. The bimonthly tests were also considered in the evaluation and it was observed that there are some obstacles to be overcome by the school and the students with visual impairment.
Mapeamento vetorial de interações eletrostáticas para biomoléculas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-15)
Sacco, Antonio Cesar Silva
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Caracelli, Ignez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956527354576143
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9818810094715247
Non-covalent interactions involving aromatic rings pi, systems play an important role in a wide range of complexes. Their understanding is essential for drug design since most of the crystal structures of complexes of proteins with small molecules reveal the existence of these interactions involving the side chains of aromatic amino acids in the receptor and / or aromatic rings and hetero-aromatic ligands acting as acceptors or donors. The analysis of the structural parameters involved in pi interactions begins with the determination and mapping of the geometrical centers (centroid) of the aromatic groups followed by the calculation of distances, angles and dihedral angles to atoms and / or other pi systems, within pre-established limits. This is combined with a visual analysis of the results in graphical displays. In this way it is possible to determine the variables needed to create a mathematical model for mapping the possible pi-interactions and to create a tool to locate them. This will assist in identifying possible binding sites of the drugs or other ligands and to create "graph sets" to compare two functionally similar but different macromolecules. As a result, we have a software that will automate the job of identifying PI- interactions, reducing search time and providing the researcher to increase their productivity.
O jogo pedagógico enquanto atividade orientadora de ensino na iniciação algébrica de estudantes de 6ª série
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-15)
Gaspar, Regiane de Oliveira
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6810125836893730
This research is conducted by the following question: what are the mathematics learning that students from the 6th grade when explicit activities guiding experience teaching algebra mediated by an educational game? Thus, we proposed Guiding Teaching Activities (Moura, 2001) to thirty-one students of the sixth grade of the state of the city of Araraquara in 2012. The lessons were videotaped and analyzed. Proposed activities involving games where students could continually revise their way of solving a problem situation, while they acquired a new language of mathematics: algebraic. To better understand the knowledge expressed in the speeches of the students studied the contributions of the game as teaching methodology, as well as the common difficulties that students have when they start in algebra. From the analysis of the episodes concluded that, for most students who have contact with pictorial and numerical sequences, such understanding does not occur naturally, much less its generalization. It was also evident that students on contact, for the first time, with the algebraic symbolization not view it as something practical. Prefer to use rhetorical language to solve problem situations involving equations.
Profissionalismo, gênero e subjetividades na justiça paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-16)
Benedito, Camila de Pieri
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Bonelli, Maria da Glória
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6114351330180363
This research has as its objective, by the utilization of the concept of professionalism, the analysis of the impact of the growing female participation on juridical careers over subjectivities and identitary negotiations. The chosen methodology is based on semistructured, in depth interviews with: two female judges, one male judge, one male prosecutor and two public defenders, all from the town of Rio das Pedras (fictional name), situated on the country side of São Paulo. Professionalism, as understood especially through the views of Eliot Freidson (1996) and Julia Evetts (2006), contributes to the analysis of why some careers provide more opening than others to the numerical growth of women on their ranks. It is also useful when thought as discourse to observe the subjective negotiations between lawyers when constructing their perceptions about the careers they are part of. The central hypothesis is that as professionalism gets consolidated, the flexibility to female participation grows. Gender, understood as performatic by Judith Butler (2002) on her contributions get interspersed with professionalism, constructing identities and subjectivities that agree with the careers discourse.
Configuração político-partidária do estado do Espírito Santo no contexto do regime militar : um estudo regional acerca das trajetórias de ARENA e MDB (1964-1982)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-17)
Oliveira, Ueber José de
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Villa, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4446167716354950
Assuming that the Brazilian military regime, established in 1964, was based on maintaining two separate orders - the democratic order and exception (authoritarism) - this thesis has as main purpose to analyze this political party configuration, in Espírito Santo, between the years 1964 and 1982. The focus of this analysis is on the patch of the prevailing party associations in the period MDB and Arena - considering its constituent political groups, this specific federal unit, characterized as peripheral set in national development. The perspective taken for the analysis of this trajectory is the institutional framework set up by the Brazilian authoritarian regime (1964- 1985). It is analyzed, under this assumption and focus, the political election performance of the parties above in lawsuits aimed at filling vacancies in the legislative (Senate, House and Federal Legislature), according to electoral laws in force in each election and in own cyclical circumstances. It is also reconstituted, the different contexts succession, conducted indirectly since 1966, the choice of Governors, and exceptionally for Bionic Senator in 1978, examining the relationship between parties and governments formed in the period. The main hypothesis is that, despite the restrictions imposed by the military regime for the operation of the two-party system, it identifies certain lines of continuity between the pre-and post-1964. The results of the survey, which used a wide range of documents, and being based on the methodology multiple documentary research, demonstrate that the main political actors, be they individuals or groups within the political clubs in question, maintained certain positioning standards already verified in the political-electoral period of 1945-1964. In the case of capixaba Arena, the party met both members of the old PSD, with its two main wings - the urban-industrial and agro-land - as the political forces that gathered around the partisan front conventionally called partisan Democratic Coalition, that housed a wide range of political parties - UDN, PTB, PSP, PSB, PR, and others - which opposed the PSD. But MDB, since its beggining, rigged by a former member of the more conservative wing of the former PTB and its group, which sent to the opposition capixaba party the same conservative profile observed in regional PTB. The paper also analyzes the historical confluence between the development project that had been gestated in the Espírito Santo since the PSD governments, especially that of Jones dos Santos Neves (1943-1945/1951-1954) - whose political heirs of the Governor put into practice - and the implementation of the developmental project of the Military Governments. To this confluence of agendas - which proved to be a crucial element of legitimacy and permanence in positions of regional power, of alumni figures of urban-industrial portions of the old PSD, during most of the duration of the military regime - we call the Ideal Platform. The final part of the work is inclined to identify the realignments of those aforementioned political actors in the new multiparty scenario wrought upon the establishment of the New Republic, as well as the election campaign of 1982.
Estudo da alumina anódica porosa como sensor para diferentes gases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-18)
Guerreiro, Haroldo de Almeida
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1014103626919593
In this project we studied the porous anodic alumina as a possible application in gas sensors with high sensitivity. Initially we seek a configuration of anodic porous alumina (PA) and the type of gas or vapor in which both matched with great sensitivity by observing the photoluminescence of this material. Furthermore we sought to understand the mechanism of detecting the substance to a broader reach and optimizing the use of alumina sensor. A manufacturing already well tested with oxalic acid, only changing the anodization time for the same voltage or current density, was adopted for a small variation of samples with good ordering. Samples were also produced with and without pore opening. The optical properties of the porous film thus obtained were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) emitted perpendicularly to these pores, while the film was subjected to a controlled atmosphere of vapor of ethanol or methanol. The control parameters of temperature and vapor concentration was possible by the construction and use of a thermostated cell adapted to a spectrofluorimeter. The spectrum of each sample was monitored with time since deposition of alcohols in the cell was made with micro-syringe into the liquid phase and then evaporate. This perpendicular direction of luminescence emission of alumina allowed the oscillation of the already known PL presents peaks with much more defined and so much more resolution for changes in wavelength. Furthermore, it expressed the presence of the TE and TM modes separately in luminescence for some samples made at a higher concentration of oxalic acid in the electrolyte. The sensitivity to ethanol vapor for this PL technique allows detection of ethanol concentrations much smaller than the other until now achieved by using porous silicon. Based on studies about the source of the luminescence of the material and the construction of the interference pattern produced by the film type Fabry-Perot, a hypothesis was constructed for the modification of luminescence by ethanol vapor. Adsorption of molecules of ethanol/methanol by its hydroxide OH-, in the color centers F+ along the surfaces of the pores, modifies the average longitudinal position of the sources of luminescence in a critical geometry (near total internal reflection), which changes rapidly the reflectivity of the interface pores/air, altering the entire Fabry-Perot system for this adopted configuration, i.e., PL perpendicular to the pores. The simple change of the luminescence emission from frontal to lateral direction of the film provided an peak oscillation with lasers devices width, without the need to optically confine this film, as in the case of porous silicon sensors. This configuration may have contributed to or be reason for the great sensitivity (relative to the optical porous sensors for ethanol as the porous silicon) as it uses the part of the luminescence that interacts with more pores exposed to ethanol vapor. The reversible behavior and with better response just at room temperature, qualifies the PA system for construction of curves calibration, as well for various types of use in sensor which interfere very little in vapor concentration. The temporal behavior of the spectrum of a sample, under ethanol vapor, may be due to a rapid change in reflectivity of the interface pores/air for this selected PL "grazing", at an angle close to the internal total internal reflection. The change in reflectivity for this type of Fabry- Perot system and confined causes changes in both the shape of the spectrum oscillation, similar to the change in the coefficient of finesse, as in the displacement of the peak position in wavelengths.
Reciclagem e caracterização de fibra de carbono presente em compósito de resina epóxi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-18)
Rodrigues, Gleice Guevara Matielli
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9748384198258105
;
Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites are engineering materials whose are used in a wide range of applications in industries such as automotive, aerospace and sporting goods due to the properties of these composites as strength, durability, low weight and low cost. There are in the literature studies of various methods of recycling carbon fiber at the end of life from parts made with this material. This work reports a study of the polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber reinforced polymer recycling from diglicicil epoxy ether of bisphenol A composite. Initial studies were aimed at finding the best condition to remove the polymer matrix and thereby recover the carbon fiber by heat treatment in a muffle furnace. The matrix was removed at 450°C without degradation of the carbon fiber at 2 hours. The removal of the meanly volatile substances was verified with the Gas Chromatography analysis. The carbon fiber was incorporated randomly in the polyurethane matrix without chemical pre-treatment. The confirmation of the removal of the resin carbon fiber was obtained through the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization of the carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane composite was performed using the techniques: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and FTIR. Thus, it was observed that the carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane at 2 % and 3% showed improvement in the mechanical properties since the storage modulus value was 3 and 4 times more than pure PU, respectively. Moreover, the glass transition temperature was more than 140°C for the composite polyurethane/carbon fiber and 110°C for the PU pure.
Inconsciente e instinto de morte: um itinerário do debate inicial de Deleuze com a psicanálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-18)
Sanches, Aline
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0570819174001324
Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty, published in 1967 by Deleuze criticizes psychoanalysis for sustaining the false notion of sadomasochism, and proposes a distinction between death instinct and death drive, so that sadism and masochism are regarded as different processes and mutually exclusive. Deleuze relies on Freud s arguments, more precisely on the text Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), to conceive the death instinct as a transcendental principle and to differentiate it from its psychic representative, the death drive. Deleuze thus initiates a philosophical investigation around the transcendental field and the pleasure principle. This investigation runs parallel to an intense debate on psychoanalytical theory, and continues during his later works. Deleuze appreciates the freudian suggestion of an unconscious functioning indifferent to the pleasure principle and governed by repetition. He proposes to develop the concept in the form of transcendental synthesis of time. Difference and Repetition (1968) places Freud in a dialogue with other philosophers especially Hume, Bergson and Nietzsche and postulates three transcendental syntheses marked by repetition, or three passive syntheses of time, which are constitutive of the unconscious and independent of the pleasure principle. From Deleuze s philosophical advances, a reevaluation of several psychoanalytical concepts begins, founded on an understanding of the death instinct as the positive and originating principle of the repetition, as the power that engenders thinking in thought under the effect of violence. Logic of Sense (1969) leads this line of investigation to the argument that the senses are produced by the power of the paradoxes and identifies the death instinct with no sense. Some concepts of Freud, Klein and Lacan are included in the composition of a new image of philosophy and of what it means to think. Trying to demonstrate that thought and sense are produced in close relationship with the erogenous body, Deleuze returns to the psychosexual development but now from the perspective of his philosophical concepts, and presents his own version of the genesis and dynamics of the psychological instances. In view of this philosophical course taking by Deleuze, this doctoral research proposed to explore his discussion with psychoanalysis, according to a trajectory outlined by the concept of death instinct along these three works. We demonstrate how Deleuze understands and appropriates of some psychoanalytic concepts, linking them with other concepts of his philosophy. We indicate which issues from psychoanalysis were valued in the composition of a transcendental philosophy of difference. From a systematic exposition of the criticisms and proposals that Deleuze addresses to the psychoanalytical field in this particular period, we carried out a confrontation between Deleuze's philosophical interventions and the original psychoanalytical texts. Ultimately, this research intends to contribute to a discussion about the pertinence, coherence and relevance of this debate for both domains.
Biotecnologia aplicada à segurança pública: estudo e adequação do método da ninidrina para revelação de impressões digitais em superfícies porosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-18)
Alves, Manoel Geralcino
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3512454094144958
Several works have been done worldwide and are dedicated to the advancement of software that enables the comparison and reading of fingerprints. Literature shows several works related to the development of scientific techniques that allow the improvement in the collection and disclosure of fingerprints left at crime scenes. Some of those techniques are based on the use of high-tech materials and devices, such as gold nanoparticles and thin films made of copper and gold. However, the cost of these techniques is very high for everyday use, especially when considering the financial budgets for police apparatus in developing countries. Attempting to improve economically such viable and efficient techniques in order to permit the disclosure of latent fingerprints left at crime scenes, this work aims the studying and development of the ninhydrin colorimetric method, by performing numerous tests on fingerprints deposited on porous surfaces, such as paper and walls. Once confirmed the viability of ninhydrin employment, both in laboratory and on-site, and also having adjusted the optimum temperature for rapid revelation; this study provides the use of image-processing software, enabling the expert to compare, in real time, even at the site of criminal traces, the fingerprint image found with the official registry database, thus, obtaining the identity of the offender within a short period of time.
Estimadores não paramétricos para dados com censura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Simioni, Paulo Ricardo
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Campos, Adriano Polpo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867996651212204
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6532783408466109
In this paper we study the reliability of systems with connected components in series and parallel. For systems in series, the device fails when the first component fails. Although in the parallel systems this happens when the last component fails. We define the distribution functions, sub-distribution functions and their respective properties. Here we present the Bayesian nonparametric estimator for the components of both systems, illustrating by examples. For both cases we performed a comparative study between the Bayesian nonparametric estimator and the Kaplan-Meier method.
Zirconato de cálcio: um estudo para aplicação como sensor de umidade relativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Andre, Rafaela da Silveira
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4843978824084924
In this work, it was used the Polymeric Precursors method (PPM). It started from a previous solution of metal cations in different concentrations, using citric acid as chelating agent and ethylene glycol as esterifying and polymerizing agent resulting in a dense resin. This resin was subjected to heat treatment at 300 ° C for a period of 4 hours for the pyrolysis of the obtained polyester resulting in amorphous compound. To obtain the crystalline powder, the amorphous compound was treated at different temperatures. The evolution of the crystallization process of CaZrO 3 and samples composition were accompanied by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The X-ray patterns obtained were refined with the Rietveld method. To identify the presence of defects and the morphology of the samples, it was used the UV-vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. To evaluate the sensor response, electrical measurements were performed showing that all samples showed CZO variation of electrical resistance against change in relative humidity. The methods of characterization showed structural differences in the samples as a function of composition variation of the system. The results indicate a transition from deep defects to light defects, due to the appearance of secondary phases in the system. Thus, according to the obtained results, the variation in composition may be used as a device to obtain materials with controlled optical properties and a more effective sensing and catalytic properties.
Crenças sobre a língua espanhola para estudantes brasileiros do ensino fundamental: características e uma proposta de encaminhamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Raizer, Paula Barros
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Yokota, Rosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9230517686993400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7157709550260372
Taking into account the classroom context, it is necessary to know and to comprehend the previous knowledge brought by students. The beliefs concept (BARCELOS, 1995) is recurring to try to understand this context and to help teachers to deal with the diversity they can find in the classroom and, according to Almeida Filho (1993), beliefs are fundamental parts in the process of learning a language, named by him as “Operação Global de Ensino de Línguas”. Considering the Spanish Language implantation at public schools, according to the law 11.161/05, it is necessary the study about the beliefs which future learners have about Spanish language. Likewise, this study has as a first goal to identify the beliefs about Spanish language learning and teaching in a group of people who participate in a Spanish language course at a public school. This course was offered by the Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID)/ Capes at a school in the interior of São Paulo state. Also as a goal, it is intended to verify whether beliefs changes happened during the course as well as whether the courses influenced on it. Taking into account the contextual approach of beliefs, at the beginning of the course it was applied a questionnaire in “Likert Scale” (HORWITZ, 1988). During the course, it was asked for them to write diaries and, in the end, they wrote a text, in such a way that beliefs could be mapped, as well as possible changes. The results obtained reveal beliefs that Spanish was a difficult language to be studied and it changed at the moment students got in touch with the language, what also elucidates the pronunciation appreciation to the detriment of writing and the interest of students in having Spanish as an obligatory subject. In the end, it was propounded the critical literacy view as a way of dealing with beliefs in the classroom, since critical literacy is one educational practice which focuses on the relation between language and worldview, social practices, power, identity, citizenship, intercultural relations and globalization/location aspects (MATTOS, 2011).