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Redução de NO com CO sobre catalisadores de CuO, Fe2O3 e CuO-Fe2O3 suportados em TiO2, ZrO2 e TiO2-ZrO2 - efeito do vapor de água na atividade e seletividade a N2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Nova Castelblanco, William
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7977413455765851
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
The combustion of petroleum fuels produces large emissions of NOX, SOX and other strong atmospheric pollutants. The abatement of NOX can be achieved by the nonselective catalytic reduction of NO with CO, for that, supported noble metals have been the most commonly used, with high cost as disadvantage. Transition metal oxides show good activity for this reaction, however, they have poor performance in the presence of SO2, O2 and water steam. Thus, this study aimed to prepare, characterize and evaluate catalysts based on CuO, Fe2O3 and CuO-Fe2O3 supported on TiO2, ZrO2 and their mixtures, in the reduction of NO to N2 with CO in the presence or absence of water steam. XRD data, N2 adsorption and H2-TPR showed that mixed oxides and their catalysts, prepared by sol-gel in-situ, presented specific surface areas between 30 to 60 m2/g, with Cu or Fe species highly distributed, having the last greater interaction with titanium. Rietveld refinement showed preferential formation of zirconium titanate, then showing a close interaction of these species in the mixed supports. All catalysts were highly active in the reduction of NO to N2. At temperatures below 500 °C a CuO catalysts were more active and selective for the formation of N2 than Fe2O3, with the formation of N2O being favored with the increase of zirconium in the support. At 600 °C, the high conversion of NO to N2 on CuO was not influenced by the content of TiO2 in the support. Also at 600 °C, an increasing in the content of titanium in the Fe2O3 catalysts resulted in a significant drop in the conversion of NO to N2. The presence of water steam during the reduction of NO with CO at 600 °C caused a significant decrease in the conversion of NO to N2 and CO to CO2 on the CuO catalyst on the support with higher titanium content. The water steam completely eliminates the activity for the reduction of NO to N2 on Fe2O3 catalysts, but keeping a high conversion of CO to CO2. The CuO and CuO-Fe2O3 catalysts on zirconium-rich supports showed high potential for the abatement of NOX in the presence of water steam at temperatures above 500 ºC.
Determinantes da taxa básica de juros no Brasil: uma análise empírica no período de 2000 a 2011
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Schio, Thyago Américo
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Figueiredo, Adelson Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2582161065438214
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5060523188247779
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Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela
The existence and maintenance for long years of high domestic interest rate is a phenomenon sweeping the Brazilian economic environment. Although in recent years the domestic interest rate derated, Brazil still is characterized as one of the countries with higher interest rate in the world. In order to contribute to the discussion and understanding of the factors that allows the existence and maintenance for long years of high domestic interest rate, it is investigated the hypothesis that even if the internal interest rate is influenced by the foreign interest rate, there are endogenous mechanisms to the Brazilian economy that allow the reduction of the internal interest rate. Aiming objective responses, it is used a Vector Error Correction (VEC) compounded of six endogenous variables and an exogenous variable. As results, it follows that although there is a relationship between domestic and foreign interest rates, there is space for the economic policy, enabling a continuous reduction in the domestic interest rate.
Avaliação de técnicas com plasma acoplado indutivamente para a determinação de constituintes inorgânicos no ciclo produtivo do frango de corte e iodo em sal de cozinha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Dionísio, Amália Geíza Gama
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7413783656311087
The aim of this thesis was the development of procedures for the determination of total arsenic, selenium and chromium in chicken production-related samples and iodine in table salt using inductively coupled plasma methods. The chemical speciation of arsenic and chromium was also studied. In the first study, microwave-assisted digestion was performed using diluted nitric acid solution followed by determination using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with a collision-reaction interface. In this procedure sample preparation was performed using microwave-assisted digestion with nitric acid for determinations of the elements. The second procedure was performed microwave-assisted digestion using reaction vessels pressurized with oxygen in order to regenerate nitric acid and increase the efficiency of digestion with the addition of an auxiliary reagent. Residual carbon contents determined in digests varied from 500 to 900 mg L-1. Afterwards, speciation analysis was applied for obtaining information about mobility, bioavailability and essentiality of arsenic and chromium. Thus, the speciation analysis of arsenic in chicken feed samples employing microwave-assisted extraction was investigated. The specie found was As(V) with concentration of 0.35 ± 0.06 mg kg-1. In another study, chromium speciation with sample preparation in alkaline medium was evaluated, since studies in literature showed that no interconversion occurs between Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in alkaline medium. This procedure was performed using water-soluble tertiary amines solution (CFA-C 10% v v-1) for Cr(VI) determination. The concentration of Cr(VI) in the samples ranged from 8.09 to 10.56 mg kg-1. Finally, the improvement of the sensitivity in the determination of iodine by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) using the flow-blurring® multinebulizer was evaluated. The high ionization energy of iodine implies in a low ionization of this element in the argon plasma and the absorption of radiation in the VUV region by components of air, such as oxygen and water vapor, hamper this element determination by ICP OES. One alternative for improving the efficiency of nebulization and atomization of the analyte and hence the detection limits for the determination of iodine is the generation of volatile species (I2 or HI) employing oxidizing agents and reducing agents. This study was performed using sodium tetrahydroborate in alkaline medium (reducing agent) and hydrogen peroxide (oxidizing agent) in acid medium and flow-blurring® multinebulizer. The concentration of iodine in one salt sample was 131 mg kg-1.
Influência do haleto/pseudohaleto na catálise de hidrogenação por complexos do tipo cis- [Ru(A)2(dppb)(N-N)]
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Ribeiro, Murillo Cardoso
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768550929014572
THE INFLUENCE OF HALIDE/PSEUDOHALIDE IN HYDROGENATION CATALYSIS BY COMPLEX CIS-[RU(A)2(DPPB)(N-N)]. Ruthenium complexes, with general formula cis-[Ru(A)2(dppb)(N-N)], (A = pseudohalides CN-, N3 - e SCN-) were obtained from the respective precursors cis- [RuCl2(dppb)(N-N)] {N-N= 2,2’- bipiridine (bipy), 4,4’-dimetil-2,2’-bipiridine (Mebipy) and 4,4’-dimetoxi-2,2’-bipiridine (MeObipy)} and dppb = 1,4-bis(difenilfosfina) butane, and characterized. These new Ru(II) complexes were characterized by analytical and spectroscopical techniques, such as Absorption Spectroscopy in the Infrared Region (IV) and Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/Vis), Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance (RMN), Molar Conductivity, X-ray Diffraction, Elemental Analisys, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). Catalytic studies were realized on cyclic hexene hidrogenation reaction using complexes with general formula cis-[RuCl2(dppb)(N-N)], for which the results have shown to be dependent of the utilized solvent in the process. In order to support data for a possible suggestion of and catalytic mechanism of the reaction involved in the process complexes containing pseudohalides were also studied in the same conditions. The fact that these complexes did not present catalytic activity is coherent with the inert properties of the pseudohalide complexes, with respect their dissociation from the Ru(II) center, considering their good π receptor properties, able to form strong bond with metallic centers, and also shown that during the catalytic cyclic the bidentate ligands (dppb and N-N) do not have their binding with the metal broken, which could allow the formation of a possible coordination center for the metal, able do bind the substrate, conducting to a catalytic process, which was not observed in these cases. The results obtained in the studies realized with the complexes cis-[RuCl2(dppb)(N-N)] allowed us to suggest that the substrat convertion follow two different pathways, depending of the used solvent in the process to be protonic and coordinating, but labile (alchools) or non coordinating (dichloromethane or acetone). Strong coordinating solvents, such as DMSO and CH3CN (S) did not present catalytic results, suggesting that the dissociation of the chloride from the complexes produce non catalytic species, such as cis-[RuCl(S)(dppb)(N-N)]Cl.
Narrativas de professores de inglês de escolas públicas e o seu caráter revelador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Geraldo, Carla Cristiane
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Silva, Ademar da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9028512631572133
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4571478922761841
The aim of this study was to analyze narratives of English language teachers from public schools in São Carlos and Araraquara from the 1950s to 2012, so as to understand the changes that have occurred in the teaching of that language in public schools that led to the crisis it faces nowadays. This crisis is related to school violence, to widespread disaffection, and to dissatisfaction and low self-esteem of students, teachers and school leaders. The methodology used for data collection was the oral history of the teachers career paths. The data was analyzed qualitatively, allowing a panoramic view of the changes that have occurred in the teaching of English over the last 60 years. The analysis of the narratives revealed that the crisis results from a long historical process of changes, where two huge forces have affected negatively the pedagogical and social/personal dimension of the English language classroom. In this conflict the largest unbalancing factor falls upon the institutional changes, and the smallest falls upon the unavoidable force of the social and family values.
Descrição da rede de saúde de São Carlos, SP, por meio de um estudo de caso sobre a experiência de uma pessoa afetada pelo câncer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Villari, Ana Paula Silva
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5653207121617914
This study had the objective to discourse about the integrality of Sao Carlos-SP county care network, from the experience of a person with cancer, by means of a case study. From the narrative of subject's focal it has been done the triangulation of respective findings interviewing other two people identified as strategic for reaching mentioned objective, therefore appointed as units of analysis of subject s focal. It has been detected that local Health Care System of São Carlos-SP is under a transition process seeking for a model that proposes expanded and integral care for everyone without distinction. This system currently is overloaded and slow, facing attendance quality problems and discomfort of management responsible, care employees personal and health care system user. In order to overcome these problems, it will be necessary investment on Family Strategic Health program, practice of attendance humanization and health care professional qualification. It will also be necessary to increase the installed capacity, qualify the regulation strategic, improve the communication between management and attendance professionals, organize a care network oriented by care lines and agree on Health System building process with users and professional team.
Estudo das propriedades ópticas e estruturais de nanocristais de ZnS, obtidos pelo método solvotérmico aquecido por microondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Santana, Yuri Vinicius Bruschi de
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0369677340547214
This work deals with the synthesis, characterization and study of nanostructures of zinc sulfide (ZnS) synthesized by microwave heated solvothermal method The synthesis method employed was extremely efficient leading to obtain the cubic and hexagonal structures of ZnS in shorter times and lower temperatures than those reported in the literature. Some synthesis parameters such as, synthesis time, temperature, and capping agent, were investigated in order to check the influence of these parameters on optical and structural properties of ZnS. The characterizations of the samples were performed by X-ray diffraction, absorption spectroscopy in the Uv-Vis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations were performed in collaboration to help explain the results. The results showed structural differences in the samples as well as different degrees of order-disorder in the material, directly related to certain parameters of synthesis. These differences were interpreted as the responsible for the modifications of the photoluminescent property.
Extração de cefamicina C por sistema de duas fases aquosas e purificação por troca iônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Brites, Luciana Machado
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Pasotto, Marlei Barboza
Cephamycin C is a β-lactam antibiotic that belongs to the cephalosporins. This antibiotic stands out from other cephalosporins because it has activity against gram-negative bacteria and for being resistent to β-lactamases produced by pathogenic microorganisms, and which represent one of the major mechanisms of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. In view of the restricted information in the literature about the steps of the process, both from the point of view of research and of industrial production of cephamycin C, the study about its production and, consequently, the process of separation and purification becomes of great importance. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to develop a separation and purification process of cephamycin C from a fermentation broth produced by cultivations of Streptomyces clavuligerus in aired submerged processes. Extraction and separation processes of cephamycin C were performed by means of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) and ionexchange chromatography, respectively. Initially, studies on the stability of cephamycin C were performed in order to allow the establishment of conditions which minimize losses and increase the yield of the global process. In these studies, conditions at pH levels of 2.2, 3.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 7.6 and 8.7 at a temperature of 20 °C were evaluated. The smallest half-life was of 52.6 hours and was verified for pH 8.7; the longest half-life was of 459 hours for pH 6.0; and for the most acid pH (2.2), half-life was of 118.2 hours. The second step of the work was the study of the separation of cephamycin C and amino acids with the aqueous two-phase system composed by PEG/phosphate. The presence of ornithine, lysine and asparagine amino acids in the fermentation broth, even after the primary separation steps performed by filtration processes consisting of microfiltration and ultrafiltration, is due to the composition of the culture medium which is of complex origin. The experiments were carried out by varying the following parameters: molecular mass of PEG (400, 600, 1000 and 4000), pH (6, 7 and 8), tieline length (TLL 37 and 43) and phase volume ratio (rTLL 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25), in order to enable the determination of the best system for cephamycin C extraction. The best conditions obtained for this process were pH 8, PEG 400, TLL 43 and rTLL 1.00, where the highest partition coefficient, kp of 5.57, was acquired. For the separations of cephamycin C and the amino acids present in the broth, it was possible to verify the following separation efficiencies: 3.4 (ornithine), 6.9 (lysine) and 2.8 (asparagine). The last step of the work showed that it is possible to recover cephamycin C from the PEG phase promoting an even greater purification with the residual amino acids. The ion-exchange chromatography was used to propose so. For this proposal, we used the ion exchange chromatographic technique, with use of anionic resin Amberlite IRA 400. These experiments were performed under temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 °C and pH 2.8 and 6.8. The Amberlite IRA 400 Cl- resin showed affinity for cephamycin C, and in the experiments in fixed bed column, it was possible to separate cephamycin C from PEG, from the phosphate salt and from the amino acids present in the top phase. The results allowed the conclusion that the proposed process is an excellent alternative for the extraction, separation and purification of cephamycin C.
Avaliação da relação entre as queixas e os agravos à saúde dos cortadores de cana de açúcar que buscam atendimento médico em serviço público de emergência (estudo de caso realizado em município da região de São José do Rio Preto SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Custodio, Wilson José
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
This work aims to perform the analysis of complaints made by workers within the sugar cane cutting business and their correlation with clinical outlook during the emergency care in a public health unit and its relationship to work in the cane. The results found from the survey of the medical records, the laboratory tests, and the interviews with the workers, present the relationships between diagnoses and characteristics of the work process, in addition to determining the absence of care protocol directed to such worker, whom does not find in the public health system of which it is to him constitutionally guaranteed. The disorders related to the work/health relationship and the conditions found that it should allow for redemption of its homeostasis are presented here in order to provoke thought about this dissonance.
Avaliação funcional de interações sociais favoráveis e desfavoráveis à inclusão de crianças em escola regular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-27)
Junqueira, Priscila Haanwinckel
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4113286035847655
Research shows that children with visual handicap may develop isolation and other difficulties in social interactions, which may disrupt the process of inclusion in school. The theoretical and practical field of social skills shows that such interactions can be classified as pro- and noninclusive behaviors. Also, the frequency of such behaviors depend on the interactions (or lack thereof) between teacher and student, which are usually established by the teacher. There is currently a lack of observational studies in social skills and social competence. Thus, it is important to examine the social interaction of blind children in the school environment -- in particular using direct observation, since this method provides important data to perform a functional evaluation of pro- and noninclusive behaviors that will identify conditions that are both favorable and unfavorable to the process of inclusion. Direct observation was complemented by reports from parents and teachers, as well as self-reports and sociometric evaluations. This study aimed to: (1) Functionally describe the pro- and noninclusive social performances of two blind children in interaction with their peers and teachers in terms of antecedents and consequences; (2) Define, through measuring scales: the social skills repertoire, behavior problems, academic competence, and the sociometric status of included children; (3) Link pro- and noninclusive behaviors to social skills indicators, behavior problems, and sociometric status of children. The study participants were two children, a boy and a girl, both nine years old and diagnosed with congenital blindness. Participants were enrolled in public, regular education schools, and were filmed in the classroom environment during Portuguese classes and free activities suggested by the researcher. The observed performances were described in terms of antecedents, responses and consequences, and the percentage of correlation between the responses and events was identified. The Social Skills Evaluation System (SSRS-BR) was used with parents and teachers, as well as with the children, to obtain information on the children's behaviors. Furthermore, the children's classmates underwent a sociometric evaluation. The analysis of data collected through direct observation of behavior indicates that around 70% of performances emitted in classroom interactions were classified as proinclusive. This information is contradictory when compared to data from SSRS-BR and from sociometric evaluation. In general, the observed children were socially competent in their social interactions at school, which does not guarantee their full inclusion in this environment.
Educação musical e a promoção do letramento emergente de crianças em risco psicossocial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-29)
Fantini, Renata Franco Severo
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Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9611195121776675
The studies have shown that learning music encourages the global development of a child. Recent studies have shown the benefits of musical education towards the development of phonological awareness and the conventions and conceptions of writing for children with special needs and children at risk. Given the importance in our area, the search for innovative practices for musical development and emergent literacy in a school context, the current study has as its objective verifying the effects of the interdisciplinary program including the musical skills and abilities that promote reading and writing skills such as phonological awareness and knowledge about the functions and conventions of writing. The participants were three children who were enrolled in First Grade in Elementary School with a history accentuated by hardships in life. For fourteen meetings, the students participated in activities directed towards musical perception, rhythm and beat, general music knowledge, interest for literature and handling books and writing concepts. The study consisted of comparing the percentages of right answers of skills tested before and after participation in the program. Tests were used to evaluate musical skills, phonological awareness and emergent literacy. The results indicated that some skills had a moderate to high increase in the percentage of correct answers and other skills did not show improvement. Corroborating with the findings of previous studies in this area, we can conclude that the interdisciplinary program conducted in this study favored the promotion of musical skills and emergent literacy. This research contributes both to a new line of research and to the possibility of the Music teacher working along with the Preschool Education and the first grade of Elementary School in order to explore a promising perspective of interdisciplinary work in music and emergent literacy process.
Estudo de ondas viajantes não lineares de perfil saturado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-29)
Souza, Rubens Gamaliel Bergamo de
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Mizrahi, Salomon Sylvain
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143137168199991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8368995599074556
In this paper, we study a class of nonlinear waves in one dimension using the assumption of traveling waves. First we found the solutions to the partial differential equation (PDE) containing a term of nonlinear inhomogeneity, rø (1-øl), which conditions the wave to present a saturation profile. We found analytical solutions for specific cases and also we transformed the partial differential equation in integral form, studying the solutions. In possession of the solutions, a study of the parameters' variation according to the value of the exponent l of the equation's nonlinear term was conducted. We also make an approach to the problem with the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions, making it possible to define the wave's energy. In the last part of this paper we write the EDP in the discrete form of finite difference. We solved the equation numerically and studied l = 1; 2 and varying the parameter that multiplies the inhomogeneous term. We found that the solution can go from a regular saturated profile to chaotic behavior.
Isto não é uma criança! Teorias e métodos para o estudo de bebês nas distintas abordagens da sociologia da infância de língua inglesa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-29)
Tebet, Gabriela Guarnieri de Campos
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5599239425689574
This research aimed to discuss the theoretical and methodological foundations of Sociology of Childhood, trying to answer some methodological challenges that arise for research with babies, from a dialogue with English speakers scholars. This is a qualitative theoretical and bibliographic research, which some contributions of the genealogy as proposed by Foucault. From the analysis of the scientific production of Alison James, Chris Jenks, Alan Prout, Jens Qvortrup, Leena Alanen and William Corsaro, we question the value of concepts and methodologies proposed for the study of children (such as the concepts of childhood, generation, and peer cultures) in case of the studies of babies. We emphasize the necessity of constituting theoretically the baby inside Childhood Studies, as an independent analytical category. We already emphasize that babies should not be studied adopting the same concepts used for the study of children and even using the same methodologies. We put in a dialogue the ideas of Foucault, Deleuze and Simondon, presents the work of Jenks (2005) and Prout (2005), and using some concepts from these scholars, we defend the idea that there is a difference between babies and children that cannot be ignored. From the ideas of these authors, we argue that "babies" are beings immersed in the pre-individual condition. Are becomings, difference, pure potentiality not individuated; while children are individuals who have an identity (of age, gender, cultural belonging, ethnic-racial, etc..) that babies don t have. In terms of methodology, we point out that this singular condition of babies cannot be studied from any methodology. This way, we highlight the cartography proposed by Deleuze, the schizoanalysis , used by Guattari, the Transgressive Method of Bataille and the methodology of Actor-Network Theory , as some apparently promising methodologies for the study of babies.
A fauna de microgastrinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-29)
Bortoni, Marco Aurélio
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9184422164931466
The Braconidae has been extensively used in biological control programs in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. Species of the subfamily Microgastrinae are subject to agrarian, ecological and biological studies because of its taxa and diversity. They constitute the most important group of parasitoids of Lepidoptera. Taxonomic works have been mainly directed to studying the fauna of temperate regions, the tropics fauna is poorly known. This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the Microgastrinae fauna from localities of Atlantic Forest in the State of São Paulo, supporting further taxonomic, systematic and conservation studies. In each locality five Malaise traps were installed; during 24 months, and the abundance and wealth for each genus found by calculating the values of the Shannon diversity index and Pielou Equitability index. The Bray Curtis similarity coefficient was used for comparisons of the fauna from the different localities and a cluster analysis was proposed. The total of 4,402 specimens of Microgastrinae were sampled, distributed in 23 genera. The Parque Estadual de Intervales was the site with the largest number of specimens collected, 71% of the total obtained, with 22 genera identified. The most abundant genera were Apanteles (46.18%), Glyptapanteles (18%) and Diolcogaster (10.69%). As the result of this research, a checklist of Braconidae species for the State of Sao Paulo was proposed and the description of the male of Prasmodon eminens Nixon, 1965 (Braconidae, Microgastrinae) was done.
A educação especial no município de Porto Ferreira-SP: 1972 a 2011
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-29)
Loureiro, Aline Dozzi Tezza
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3140086912148205
The number of students with disabilities in schools is increasing every year due to government support, both for the public school as to private institutions. Thinking about it, this research was carried out to understand the organization and operation of Special Education in Porto Ferreira, Brazil. The authors substantiate this research work in a critical perspective (Saviani, Januzzi, Ferraro, Gatti). Methodology used in document analysis of all documents relating to special education in the municipality (laws, decrees, minutes of meetings, newspaper accounts municipal, school census data), as well as the use of interviewing people related to special education. The results point towards: a) the importance of the private institution, the philanthropic (Association of Parents and Friends of Handicapped-APAE) has since its inception until the present day, b) the absence of a project political intended for students with disabilities in primary schools in the municipality, c) the "absence" of a social movement of persons with disabilities in the county searched.
Análise da interação molecular proteína-herbicida através de simulação computacional: aplicação no desenvolvimento de nanobiossensores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-29)
Oliveira, Guedmiller Souza de
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Freitas, Luiz Carlos Gomide
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3461414255262928
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6137757653195953
In this study, our goal was evaluate the interactive forces between the Atomic force microscope tip (AFM tip) and an important enzyme responsible to fatty acids synthesis in all living beings (Acetyl CoA Carboxylase - fic biosensors to detect pesticides molecules used in agriculture. The AFM tip can be functionalized through its oxidation with spacer molecules. In order to simulate computationally this modified AFM tip that was called surface spacer-agent (SSA) using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, the force field (FF) parameters had to be calculated. The FF parameters were obtained using quantum mechanical calculations and were implemented in an appropriate FF protocol. Three types of geometric molecular orientations of the ACCase were evaluated as a starting point to enzymatic immobilization, but only one was used to MD simulation. The criteria to define xyz orientation were basically based on the active sites from the ACCase enzyme are available to interact with molecules from the bulk and the surface contact area of the enzyme interacting with SSA ensure an strong interaction force to maintain the enzyme immobilized on the tip. Surface contact area, hydrogen bonds and protein stability were the parameters monitored during the MD trajectory as the enzymeherbicide interactions using a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The clusters formed using docking calculations in different regions along the ACCase enzyme were submitted to MD simulations in order to measure interactive energies of the system.
Expansão de células mesenquimais estromais em frasco spinner e avaliação de aditivos para diminuir a aglomeração de microcarregadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-29)
Mendonça, Marlei Leandro de
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Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9591447226240450
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4040394501423588
The increasing interest in the employment of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to applications in tissue engineering and cell therapy is mainly attributed to their plasticity and regenerative capacity. The MSCs represent a revolution in the treatment of countless diseases and in the understanding of tissue repair mechanisms. Due to their low availability in the tissues (0.00001% to 0.0002%) as well as to the need of high doses for therapeutic applications (approximately 2 x 106 cells/kg patient), and to the inefficiency of traditional in vitro cultures (in monolayer) to meet the existing high demand to these applications, development of new technologies of ex vivo expansion on a large scale became indispensable. The use of spinner flasks-like bioreactors with microcarriers in suspension is an effective alternative system for this expansion. However, bibliographic report of cultures with this system have indicated the formation of large clusters of microcarriers with cells as a possible obstacle to obtain a greater cellular productivity. These clusters hamper the diffusion of nutrients, gases (especially oxigen), and reagents of indirect cellular quantification within them; and they harm the cell recovery at the end of culture. Alginate microspheres have become interesting to reduce the frequency of collisions between microcarriers, due to the fact that the microspheres do not adhere to cells nor to microcarries and can prevent the union of same. The dextran sulfate has been described in the literature as an inhibitor of cell-to-cell contact as well as of the encounter between microcarriers in culture, therefore, it too has become a promising option to avoid the formation of clusters of microcarriers. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop a methodology for the culture of MSCs in spinner flasks with microcarriers Cultispher-S for application in cell therapy and evaluate the influence of alginate microspheres and dextran sulfate on this culture. For this, the lineage hMSCTERT and 3 g/L Cultispher-S were held in 100 mL spinner containing α-MEM culture medium (supplemented with 15% of bovine fetal serum, glucose and glutamine) at 37ºC, with pH control. The results showed that the addition of dextran sulfate (at 0.5% and 1%) and of 100% of alginate microspheres (in relation to the number of Cultspher-S particles) to the culture caused considerable cell death; and the control (without additives) as well as the addition of 50% of alginate microspheres promoted cell growth. The formation of clusters was observed in cultures; however, it was delayed with the addition of 50% of alginate microspheres. This occurrence allowed a cellular expansion factor of 50.4 times (with dilution factor correction) and of 13.1 times (without correction). The recovered cells after expansion kept their immunophenotypic characteristics.
Purificação da Cefamicina C por processo de adsorção em coluna de leito fixo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-29)
Oliveira, Liliane Maciel de
;
Pasotto, Marlei Barboza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7409321531977750
Cephalosporins are β-lactam antibiotics which are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Within this group, cephamycin C (CefC) stands out from the others cephalosporins antibiotics due to its greater resistance to β-lactamases enzymes and its broader spectrum of action against Gram-negative pathogens. It is produced by the bacteria Nocardia lactamdurans and Streptomyces clavuligerus, usually in submerged fermentation. In the literature, the available information about the purification processes of this antibiotic are restricted to patents or papers published in the past decades. As cefC is the raw material for the production of important semi-synthetic antibiotics and due to the lack of scientifically substantiated information about its separation and purification processes, the motivation for the development of this thesis has arisen. Then, the aim of this thesis was to study the purification process of CefC produced by S. clavuligerus, by using the processes of adsorption and ion exchange in fixed bed columns. The techniques of adsorption and ion exchange present themselves as good strategies for CefC purification due to the amphoteric nature of the antibiotic molecule, which has positive or negative charges depending on the environmental pH, and the bicyclic nucleus in its structure, which allows the interaction with hydrophobic structures. As there is no chemical standard of cefC available on the market, in this study we have only used culture broth containing this antibiotic. The adsorbents evaluated were the neutral resins Amberlite XAD4 and Amberlite XAD16 and the anionic resin Q Sepharose XL. At first, ion exchange column experiments using the resin QXL were carried out. The results showed that the variation of the flow rate in the range of 2.5 mL/min to 7.5 mL/min did not affect the efficiencies of product recovery nor of bed utilization, and it did not interfere with the bioactive compounds elution. The isocratic elution modes using 0.1% or 1% NaCl (w / v) were able to separate cefC from other (s) compound (s) with antimicrobial activity present in the broth, which were not identified. But the use of 1% NaCl solution promoted the antibiotic recovery in a shorter process time and smaller volume than using 0.1 % NaCl solution. After analysis by mass spectrometry, carried out by ESI ionization in the positive mode, it was observed that the ion exchange process with QXL resin followed by adsorption on a C18 SPE cartridge were able to separate cefC from compound (s) whose molecules after ionization acquired m/z ratios corresponding to the lysine s molecule, and they also reduced the concentration of contaminants with m/z ratios corresponding to the molecules of penicillin N, deacetylcephalosporin C and deacetoxycephalosporin C. As the ion exchange studies were done, the adsorption studies using the neutral resins were initiated. At first, adsorption isotherms of cefC on XAD4 and XAD16 resins were obtained, and the effects of pH and temperature in the adsorption equilibrium were evaluated. The results showed that the broth pH had strong influence on the adsorption and the best condition was observed at pH 2.6 at 15° C. The kinetic experiments have shown that equilibrium is reached more quickly on the resin XAD16. Estimation of intrinsic kinetic parameters and mass transfer coefficients returned higher values for this resin. The column adsorption processes with XAD4 resin, when the column feed consisted of the ultrafiltered or clarified broth and the elution solutions were 1% or 5% (v/v) EtOH solutions, did not lead to separation of cefC from contaminants that were monitored in the experiments. But when the feed consisted of a preAbstract iv purified fraction, obtained in the ion exchange column with QXL resin, added with cephalosporin C, it was possible to separate the two antibiotics. Cephalosporin C was added to simulate the presence of some contaminants in the culture broth - deacetylcephalosporin C and deacetoxycephalosporin C. As these contaminants are in very low concentrations and there are not commercial chemical standards available to purchase, neither an analytical methodology to quantify them, it was decided to add cephalosporin C, whose chemical structure is very similar to the contaminants, the commercial standard is commercially available and there is a quantification method to determinate it. The column experiments with resin XAD16 showed similar results to the experiments with resin XAD4, in which it was also observed the separation of cefC from cephalosporin C. The moment analysis of the chromatographic peaks showed that cefC average retention times and peak dispersions were smaller in the column assays with XAD16 than with XAD4. Thus, a more concentrated fraction containing cefC was obtained in the column experiments with XAD16 resin. Therefore, it was demonstrated by the purification processes studied that the techniques of adsorption and ion exchange were effective in the purification of cefC in relation to contaminants that are difficult to separate
Cadê as meninas? Cotidiano e traços de vida de jovens meninas pobres pela perspectiva da terapia ocupacional social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-30)
Cappellaro, Mayra
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3543549632883847
According field studies of discussions about gender, invisibility of the poor young girls has been a matter for public policy created for youth, but also involves discussions around their cultural manifestations and social participation. The academic scene alerts us to the information that as much the studies on youth as in studies of feminism, there is a large gap in relation to the female juvenile manifestations and further, that the references to them in scientific research takes as focus, in a restrictive manner, adolescence linked to the exercise of sexuality or pregnancy. Trying to deal with this invisibility, we concentrate on the quotidian and terms of life of young people living in a certain suburb, trying the understanding of what actually is being experienced by them, beyond the fact of the limitation of its circulation spaces and access to public equipments, in the direction of the contribution to the establishment of methodologies for intervention on social issues, in relation to this population group. In our professional action, mobilized us in the search for the reasons of the absence of these young people living in public spaces in the city of São Carlos (São Paulo), focusing in a Youth Center. Such mobilization resulted in this master degree research, dealing with an approach that includes the observation-action, depth interviews, in order to gather data to a mapping about who they are, what they think, what they do, what they like and how the young girls live in the suburbs urban. The work has evidenced that youth in question are, in their great majority, hampered in their personal statements. The cultural relations sexist, embodied in an important way in the dynamics of the illegal drug trade, in the men holders of the financial power, in the power of the influence and in the patriarchal system that remains in contemporary society have strongly shaped the future of these young people. Their dreams, desires, social participation and even their personality suffer with the assaults on female autonomy, remaining at some point in the late nineteenth century, before much of what we witnessed over the last century in relation to the rights of women. Our finding indicates that the investments in the social policies specific to this population has been insufficient and that their actions are fragmented and / or inadequate. We concluded that the needs are from several orders, the increased of the general and specific knowledge about this group until the public debate and the social positioning in relation to the guarantee of civil, social and human rights of young Brazilian girls, in order to expand their opportunities of participation and autonomy.
Análise da qualidade do ar : um estudo de séries temporais para dados de contagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-30)
Silva, Kelly Cristina Ramos da
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Campos, Adriano Polpo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867996651212204
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2020012519709716
The aim of this study was to investigate the monthly amount of unfavourable days to pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere on the metropolitan region of S ão Paulo (RMSP). It was considered two data sets derived from the air quality monitoring on the RMSP: (1) monthly observations of the times series of annual period and (2) monthly observations of the times series of period form May to September. It was used two classes of models: the Vector Autoregressive models (VAR) and Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS). The techniques presented in this dissertation was focus in: VAR class had emphasis on modelling stationary time series; and GAMLSS class had emphasis on models for count data, like Delaporte (DEL), Negative Binomial type I (NBI), Negative Binomial type II (NBII), Poisson (PO), inflated Poisson Zeros (ZIP), Inverse Poisson Gaussian (PIG) and Sichel (SI). The VAR was used only for the data set (1) obtaining a good prediction of the monthly amount of unfavourable days, although the adjustment had presented relatively large residues. The GAMLSS were used in both data sets, and the NBII model had good performance to data set (1), and ZIP model for data set (2). Also, it was made a simulation study to better understanding of the GAMLSS class for count data. The data were generated from three different Negative Binomial distributions. The results shows that the models NBI, NBII, and PIG adjusted well the data generated. The statistic techniques used in this dissertation was important to describe and understand the air quality problem.