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Cadê as meninas? Cotidiano e traços de vida de jovens meninas pobres pela perspectiva da terapia ocupacional social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-30)
Cappellaro, Mayra
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3543549632883847
According field studies of discussions about gender, invisibility of the poor young girls has been a matter for public policy created for youth, but also involves discussions around their cultural manifestations and social participation. The academic scene alerts us to the information that as much the studies on youth as in studies of feminism, there is a large gap in relation to the female juvenile manifestations and further, that the references to them in scientific research takes as focus, in a restrictive manner, adolescence linked to the exercise of sexuality or pregnancy. Trying to deal with this invisibility, we concentrate on the quotidian and terms of life of young people living in a certain suburb, trying the understanding of what actually is being experienced by them, beyond the fact of the limitation of its circulation spaces and access to public equipments, in the direction of the contribution to the establishment of methodologies for intervention on social issues, in relation to this population group. In our professional action, mobilized us in the search for the reasons of the absence of these young people living in public spaces in the city of São Carlos (São Paulo), focusing in a Youth Center. Such mobilization resulted in this master degree research, dealing with an approach that includes the observation-action, depth interviews, in order to gather data to a mapping about who they are, what they think, what they do, what they like and how the young girls live in the suburbs urban. The work has evidenced that youth in question are, in their great majority, hampered in their personal statements. The cultural relations sexist, embodied in an important way in the dynamics of the illegal drug trade, in the men holders of the financial power, in the power of the influence and in the patriarchal system that remains in contemporary society have strongly shaped the future of these young people. Their dreams, desires, social participation and even their personality suffer with the assaults on female autonomy, remaining at some point in the late nineteenth century, before much of what we witnessed over the last century in relation to the rights of women. Our finding indicates that the investments in the social policies specific to this population has been insufficient and that their actions are fragmented and / or inadequate. We concluded that the needs are from several orders, the increased of the general and specific knowledge about this group until the public debate and the social positioning in relation to the guarantee of civil, social and human rights of young Brazilian girls, in order to expand their opportunities of participation and autonomy.
Análise da qualidade do ar : um estudo de séries temporais para dados de contagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-30)
Silva, Kelly Cristina Ramos da
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Campos, Adriano Polpo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867996651212204
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2020012519709716
The aim of this study was to investigate the monthly amount of unfavourable days to pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere on the metropolitan region of S ão Paulo (RMSP). It was considered two data sets derived from the air quality monitoring on the RMSP: (1) monthly observations of the times series of annual period and (2) monthly observations of the times series of period form May to September. It was used two classes of models: the Vector Autoregressive models (VAR) and Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS). The techniques presented in this dissertation was focus in: VAR class had emphasis on modelling stationary time series; and GAMLSS class had emphasis on models for count data, like Delaporte (DEL), Negative Binomial type I (NBI), Negative Binomial type II (NBII), Poisson (PO), inflated Poisson Zeros (ZIP), Inverse Poisson Gaussian (PIG) and Sichel (SI). The VAR was used only for the data set (1) obtaining a good prediction of the monthly amount of unfavourable days, although the adjustment had presented relatively large residues. The GAMLSS were used in both data sets, and the NBII model had good performance to data set (1), and ZIP model for data set (2). Also, it was made a simulation study to better understanding of the GAMLSS class for count data. The data were generated from three different Negative Binomial distributions. The results shows that the models NBI, NBII, and PIG adjusted well the data generated. The statistic techniques used in this dissertation was important to describe and understand the air quality problem.
O movimento e o imutável: a memória da arte em Sans Soleil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-30)
Costa Júnior, Edson Pereira da
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Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7400535915567416
The research focus on the film-essay Sans Soleil (1982, Sunless), directed by the french filmmaker Chris Marker. It aims to study the possibilities of audiovisual format which mediates the relationship between the subject and the different manifestations of the past. In order to accomplish this objective, this paper analyses two aspects of the film: the formal and the thematic. On the first, the emphasis is about the essayistic structure and Intertextuality levels. On the second, we ponder on historical and spiritual conceptions that compose the narrative. Throughout the study, we keep a constant dialogue with other Marker‟s productions and artists that influenced him, like Alfred Hitchcock and Andrei Tarkovski.
"Um campo de refugiados sem cercas": etnografia de um aparato de governo de populações refugiadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-30)
Perin, Vanessa Parreira
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1668997787164412
Through an ethnographic study with input in the Centro de Acolhida para Refugiados (CAR), assistance program coordinated by Caritas Arquidiocesana de São Paulo Catholic non-governmental organization, attached to the Caritas Internationalis network, that develops and finances projects for humanitarian and social development around the world this research sought to access the mesh of relations established by the government apparatus of refugee populations in Brazil. Connected to organizations such as the United Nations High Commissioner (UNHCR), the Comitê Nacional para Refugiados (CONARE) and other NGOs and civil society organizations, the work of care for refugees and refuge applicants in the CAR is part of a broader management device, which involves, in addition to humanitarian assistance, also simultaneous actions of care, management and control that permeate this specific population. Rather than address the refuge itself, from the category of refugee posted by the juridical normative, I tried to understand the process of subjectivation operated by the ethnographed apparatus and how this creates a certain target group of knowledge, which should receive particular care: a population that needs to be managed. So a general theme that runs through the work are the operatory ways of a government mechanism, here termed the eye of the state, and how it produces, and integrates the power relations composite that is the refugee subject. Above all, it s about, how this mechanism makes these subjects visible, turning them liable to be governed as they become the center of a social and political issue. Thus, analyzing this particular mechanism of government, I sought to describe how these subjects are produced and categorized as refugees and, at the same time, as subjects of rights that may become full citizens whose human dignity still need to be rescued by the apparatus described, as vulnerable subjects and, at the same time, as subject with political demands. From the polysemy of this subject, as evidenced through the ethnography, is established, finally, a refuge social issue , recent in Brazil, which also entails a renewed notion of an universal citizenship , driven by managers and institutions caught up in this government device. In describing this process of subjectivation, so I tried to understand how it to compose a subject graspable to the eye of the state, from the analysis of the mesh of relationships that these subjects have to establish with the several organizations with which they come in contact when apply for refuge the refugee camp without fences .
Biorreatores de acetilcolinesterase: estudo de condições para a triagem de ligantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-03)
Vanzolini, Kenia Lourenço
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8140494122257511
The development of ligand screening assays plays a very important role in the discovery of biologically active compounds. In this context, the use of immobilized capillary reactors has been adopted as a new technique for high throughput screening assays, which furnishes high selectivity, reproducibility. This work describes the covalent immobilization of electric fish (Electrophorus electricus) and human acetylcholinesterases (AChE) on fused silica capillaries and magnetic beads. The selected enzyme acts on the central nervous system and is a validated target for the treatment of Alzheimer s disease as for new insecticides. Zonal chromatography with the acetylcholinesterase capillary bioreactors was employed to determine kinetics constants, to a ligand screening assay of 79 compounds, and to inhibition mechanisms determination of the 05 identified ligands. A new approach to the screening of natural product extracts was developed based on ligand fishing experiments and zonal chromatography. For that, the magnetic beads were used for the ligand fishing experiments and capillary bioreactors for the activity assays. The later was employed also under nonlinear condition to determine the affinity constant of the fished ligand. This work reports also the identification by a solution assay of a new acetylcholinesterase substrate and, the studies by zonal bioaffinity chromatography to identify the bi-substrate mechanism.
Papel dos receptores vaniloides TRPV1 da matéria cinzenta periaquedutal na ansiedade e na antinocicepção induzida pelo medo em camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-03)
Mascarenhas, Diego Cardozo
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Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7995624252986295
When confronted with fear situations rodents exhibit behavioral (e.g., fight, flight, immobility and vocalization) and neurovegetative (tachycardia, hypertension and defecation) responses that characterize the defense reactions. In general, these responses are accompanied by antinociception. The exposure of animals to the paradigm of the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) results in a repertoire of defensive responses and antinociception, since the open arms of the EPM represents a threat to rodents. Several studies have investigated the neural substrate involved in the neurotransmission and neurobiology of aversive situations-induced antinociception, and many have highlighted the involvement of the dorsal portion of periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG). Several mediators which play an important role in modulation of fear/anxiety and nociception states, has been studied and, recently, with the discovery of TRPV1 receptor (Transient Receptor Potential vanilloid type-1), vanilloid compounds, which are agonists of this ion channel, are gaining prominence. It is unclear the role played by these compounds in the modulation of these emotions, since there are some conflicting results in the literature regarding its effects. However, through the use of genetic and pharmacological tools, the vanilloid compounds appear as an interesting target in an attempt to elucidate the neurobiology of pain and anxiety. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of these vanilloid compounds in the modulation of fear/anxiety as well as aversive environment-induced antinociception. Animals were submitted to the agonist capsaicin microinjection intra-dPAG (0, 0.01, 0.1 or 1 nmol) which in the dose of 1 nmol reduced nociception assessed by the formalin test, and increased anxiety assessed by EPM test. Antagonist capsazepine microinjection intra-dPAG (0, 10, 30 or 60 nmol) did not cause any effect on anxiety assessed by EPM. However, the dose of 60 nmol mimicked the capsaicin effects, promoting antinociception assessed by the formalin test, suggesting a tonic role of vanilloids in pain. Interestingly, it was demonstrated the TRPV1 receptor specificity, since mice submitted to capsazepine prior treatment intra-dPAG at dose devoid of effect per se effect (30 nmol) in anxiety and nociception, had the pro-aversive and antinociceptive capsaicin effect completely and selectively reversed. Finally, this same capsazepine dose (30 nmol) was able to attenuate the aversive environment-induced antinociception elicited by the fully open EPM (oEPM: four open arms). Altogether, our results suggest an important role played by the vanilloid compounds in the modulation of defense reactions and antinociception. Also, the pro-aversive and antinociceptive effects of capsaicin are primarily due to selective activation of TRPV1, and finally, the antagonist capsazepine is able to attenuate the oEPM-induced antinociception, a maze derived from the EPM apparatus which elicits more aversion.
Abordagem estatística em modelos para séries temporais de contagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-06)
Andrade, Breno Silveira de
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Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2060946751027537
In this work, it was estudied the models INGARCH , GLARMA and GARMA to model count time series data with Poisson and Negative Binomial discrete conditional distributions. The main goal was analyze in classic and bayesian approach, the adequability and goodness of fit of these models, also the contruction of credibility intervals about each parameter. To the Bayesian study, was cosiderated a joint prior distribuition that satisfied the conditions of each model and got a posterior distribution. This aproach presents too some criterion selection like (EBIC), (DIC) and ordenaded predictive conditional density (CPO) for Bayesian cases and (BIC) for classic cases. A simulation study was done to check the maximum likelihood estimator consistency in classic approach and has used criterion selection classic and Bayesian to choose the order of each model. An Analysis has made in a real data set realized as final stage as, these data consist the number of financial transactions in 30 minutes. These results have made in a classical and Bayesian approach , and discribed the data caracteristic.
Educação especial em Roraima: história, política e memória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-06)
Siems-Marcondes, Maria Edith Romano
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4322158349617339
This paper studies the historic trajectory of the especial education in the state of Roraima, North of Brazil. It has a Its main objective to understand the processes involves in the formation of this area and investigates the first initiatives on the implementation of the educational services aimed at the people that were considered deficient on learning at the network of public schools in the decade of 1970, until the structuring of a set of schools and assistance services directed at special educations, established within the managing institutions of the state of Roraima until 2001. It describes the historic routes of the actions and policies of the special education in Roraima and its articulation with the national policies in that area. It concerns the research wich was basically built on the dialetic-historic materialism, adopting as its central axis the perspective once introduced by e Edward Palmer Thompson upon a historic analyses that takes by reference the experience of real men and women that, with their living ways, resistances and practiced actions, in several cases apparently passive, build a flow of situations filled with progress, regresses, conflicts and contradictions: I. E., a story seen from the bottom . In this study, the so called a view from the bottom is made up with the catch of the teachers, technicians and family voices involved in the education of the people presenting such deficiencies in Roraima, where those specializes services, regular school spaces count with the direct or indirect presence of the teachers and other specialized professionals. This paper also adopts the voices of these people, among their interviews and reports, as well as among documents daily produced by them, thus originated from institutional activities as a result of such research where we have found the three following development periods: from the beginning of 1970 up until 1983 the moment of the first arisal of the actions taken on the field of the education for these special people; from 1984 up until 1990, in wich such services were officially recognized and fragmented within the special deficiency areas; and from 1991 to 2001, in wich the federal territory became the state of Roraima, and the existence of specific specialized spaces that generated oscillations on the identification of the constitution of the entities wich, sometimes are identified as school space instead of therapeutically spaces. The regional difference, in contrast with other brazilian states, in the fact that all the services are public (governmental, without the presence of any charity or philanthropic entities. This study comes then to the conclusion that it was the geographic isolation and the borderline that made this region, in its late occupation process, be assumed as a national security area, under supervision of the brazilian army in this special case, the air force-, what also turned such area into a field of enforcement of the federal; government's prioritary polices and proposal as a similar attitude of the assumed polices for the educational reforms implemented by the military regime of Brazil from then until today. This situation is yet to be considered even more concrete due to the economical dependency Roraima has from the federal resources whose liberation is conditioned to the implementation of the projects on the preconized ways established by the federal government. It is possible to verify this activity as a natural movement to the pertinent activities of the public services, wich should be maintained and enlarged on their achievement measures and results.
Objetos de aprendizagem multimídia provenientes da captura ubíqua de apresentações multimodais: produção, interação e análise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-08)
Viel, Caio César
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Teixeira, Cesar Augusto Camillo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1123376648713853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5975453085581481
The evolution of ubiquitous computing, techniques for handling continuous media and composition, representation and presentation of multimedia objects, among other areas of information technology and communication, enable the exploration and study of interesting results that can be achieved with the incorporation of these technologies in different areas of knowledge and application. The areas of Electronic Learning (EE) and Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC) were chosen to perform this kind of study and exploration. Besides providing a rich environment for research in education, the work required applied research in ubiquitous computing, human-computer interaction and multimedia systems. The work also included the development and improvement of prototypes, particularly presentation machines and capture & access systems for human activities. As a byproduct, it presents an intrumentalized classroom which can perform the ubiquitous capture of multimodal educational presentation for further generation of an equivalent multimedia learning object. These learning objects can be accessed via Learning Management System (LMS) on the Web in an asynchronous way or in synchronous sessions with professors/tutors/students. The multimedia learning objects may be used in MOOCs and as support for classroom learning. Moreover, the log of users interactions with the objects can provide clues for improvement in the educational presentation.
Tecnologia assistiva: identificação de modelos e proposição de um método de implementação de recursos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-08)
Alves, Ana Cristina de Jesus
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Matsukura, Thelma Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2297232372201541
The latest international researches seek to understand the factors that influencing the successful use of assistive technology devices through studies regarding the systematizing of assessments; abandonment of devices; or theoric models that consider the aspects of those devices implementation. In Brazil the researches are focused on developing new technologies and there are still not sufficient studies related to the successful use of devices and ways of assistive technology implementation. The main objective of this study was to identify and provide a way to implement assistive technology devices for use in Brazil. There was identified and analyzed the major conceptual and practical approaches related to the implementation of AT devices, choosing the more structured model cited in the literature to be analyzed and made available for use. Thus, this research involved two studies. The first focused on the literature review that revealed conceptual models and the most common assessments used for indication and implementation of assistive technology devices. The second study aimed to select a conceptual model and assessment tool for indicating AT, and cross-cultural validation of this instrument. The results showed that among 29 selected articles, 17 conceptual models used in the area of AT were found, of these, 14 were specific to AT. Regarding the assessments identified only 7 of the 15 were specific of AT. The conceptual model Matching person and Technology MPT and the assessment Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment - ATD PA were selected for analysis and cross-cultural adaptation. Thus, this study has resulted in the manual and the assessment ATD PA Br - adapted version for Brazil, providing a systematic way of indication of AT devices related to the national reality.
Síntese e processamento de titânia nanoestruturada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-09)
Roca, Román Alvarez
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8280667063040918
The TiO2 is widely used in several applications. In recent times these applications have been enhanced with the use of the nanotechnology. In this work, the sol-gel synthesis process, at low temperature, of TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated. The synthesis used TiCl4 as precursor in different solvents (Octanol, Ethanolamine and Terathane) and the products were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Gas Absorption (BET), Thermoanalytic Techniques (ATG, DSC) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM showed the crystallite size ranging from 4 to 16 nm and different particles morphologies and phase compositions (amorphous, anatase pure, and anatase/rutile mixture) were also shown. TEM images displayed variations in the morphological behavior depending on the synthesis condition. Between these morphologies nanostructures (1D and 3D), which are primaries nanoparticles self-assembled by oriented attachment, can be observed. The ceramic processing of these nanopowders is also investigated from the compacting, densification and sintering behavior. The compressibility curve shows a typical behavior of agglomerates. The densification process was investigated by the dilatometric analysis using nonisothermal experiments. The densification parameters were determinate and the grain boundary sliding assisted by surface diffusion was proposed as the dominant shrinkage mechanism. Different sintering methods are applied (SC, TSS and fast firing). The microstructure, by SEM, is analyzed and confronted with previous results. This work showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles could be easily engineered and adapted by the solvent type, the TiCl4 concentration and the synthesis time. The principal processes of the synthesis and processing are dependents strongly of the high agglomerate state of the nanopowders.
Avaliação morfofuncional do manguito rotador em indivíduos com instabilidade glenoumeral e lesão SLAP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10)
Saccol, Michele Forgiarini
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Rosa, Stela Márcia Mattiello Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336612282081567
Athlete´s shoulder most frequent lesions are anterior shoulder instability and superior labrum anterior and posterior lesion ( SLAP), altering structures and functions of the shoulder joint, leading to impairments in sports activity. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate functional and supraspinatus morphological adaptations of shoulder in athletes with anterior instability and SLAP lesion. Three studies were developed. The first study investigated functional differences regarding clinical complaints and the scoring systems of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) and the Athletic Shoulder Outcome Rating Scale (ASORS) in 249 athletes (153 with instability and 96 with SLAP lesion). The groups presented functional differences related mainly to sports activitiy and, even with more complaints of shoulder pain, SLAP lesion athlete´s tolerate more training hours compared to instability athletes. The second study evaluated isokinetic strenght and muscular control of shoulder rotators in four groups: instability group (n=10), instability control group (n=10), SLAP group (n=10) and SLAP control group (n=10). The torque steadiness and rotator cuff strength in 90 and 180°/s were evaluated. Athlete´s with anterior stability presented shoulder rotation weakness, while athletes with SLAP lesion showed higher torque fluctuation of shoulder internal rotation. The third study characterized the different fiber types of supraspinatus and shoulder function in those lesions. This study performed muscles biopsies in 10 athletes undergoing to arthroscopy repair of shoulder anterior instability and SLAP lesion. The volunteers were functionally evaluated with ASES and ASORS, and muscle samples were processed with histochemical reaction for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase). Muscles fibers were then characterized in type I, IIa, IIb and hybrid, and percentual and lesser diameter of each fiber type were calculated. In this study, volunteers presented evident functional limitations in sports activity and hypertrophy of all typees of muscles fibers. Most of the sample also presented a great number of type IIa and IIb in the supraspinatus muscle. In conjuction, those studies proves different functional and supraspinatus morphologic adaptations in athletes with anterior shoulder instability and SLAP lesion, justifying the need of different rehabilitations approaches.
Efeitos do extrato de Chlorella vulgaris e do EDTA sobre o tecido ósseo de ratos expostos ao acetato de chumbo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10)
Ferreira, José Aparecido
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8900057907339808
Lead acetate (Pb) is a nonessential and highly toxic heavy metal which is released to the environment by several routes, mainly by industrial and mining activities. Recent studies have suggested that lead caused a decrease in femur strength of adult rats. A wide range of chelating has been evaluated as possible protective agents against lead acetate toxicity. Dissodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA) is the chelating agent most widely used in the treatment of Pb poisoning. The chelating therapy with EDTA might induce Pb mobilization from inert deposition organs toward such critical tissues as the brain. But, it is questioned the safety of the use of this compound in the management of Pb poisoning. The lack of safety and efficacy demonstrated by conventional chelating has encouraged the search for new ways to remove heavy metals from the body. Recently, a supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CV) was shown to alleviate the heavy metals toxicity in rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible protective influence of Chlorella and Na2EDTA supplementation on bone physical and biomechanical properties of rats exposed to lead acetate. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were distributed into eight groups (n=8): Control (0.9% saline 0.1 ml/100g body weight- BW), EDTA (150 mg/Kg BW), CV 50 (50 mg/Kg BW), CV 250 (250 mg/Kg BW), Pb (250 mg/Kg BW), Pb (250 mg/Kg BW) plus EDTA (150 mg/Kg BW), Pb (250 mg/Kg BW) plus CV 50 (50 mg/Kg BW) and Pb (250 mg/Kg BW) plus CV 250 (250 mg/Kg BW). The treatment was done once a week, for 8 weeks by gastric gavage. Bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical properties (maximum load, resilience and stiffness) of the femoral diaphysis and 5th lumbar vertebra were examined. The biomechanical properties of femurs were obtained by the three-points bending test and compression test for vertebrae, using a universal test machine Instron, model 4444. Bone MMP-2 activitie was measured by gelatin zymography. Concentrations of lead and zinc in whole blood and lead, zinc, calcium and magnesium in the left femur and 4th lumbar vertebra were determined by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). Exposure to 250 mg/kg BW of Pb caused significant reduction of maximum load, stiffness and resilience indicating the ability of this element to damage the quality of bone tissue. In the 5th lumbar vertebrae, exposure to Pb caused significant reduction of bone mineral density. The treatment with Chlorella vulgaris (50 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/Kg BW) and EDTA (150 mg/Kg BW) during Pb exposure prevented the weakening of the bone strength. In the 5th lumbar vertebrae, the CV and EDTA prevented the reduction of bone mineral density due to Pb. The pro, intermediate and active MMP-2 activity in bone of animals exposed to lead showed a significant increase compared to control. The CV 50 administration in animals exposed to lead reduced the activity of MMP-2 isoforms in their pro, intermediate and active levels compared to control group. The exposure to Pb resulted in an increase of the blood concentration of this heavy metal and its accumulation in the liver, kidney, brain and bone concentration. The CV and EDTA reduced blood lead concentrations, leading to reduction of lead concentration in liver, kidney, brain and bone. These findings seem to indicate that treatment with Chlorella vulgaris and EDTA during exposure to Pb may be beneficial for the skeleton of subjects chronically exposed to Pb.
Um método para construção de distribuições de probabilidades do tipo contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10)
Bereta, Estela Maris Pereira
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7852223448948817
Estudo da susceptibilidade e resposta dos biofilmes de estafilococos aos agentes antimicrobianos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10)
Leite, Bruna de Arruda
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
The staphylococci belong a diverse group of bacteria that cause diseases ranging from minor skin infections to death-threatening bacteraemia. The two major opportunistic pathogens of this genus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus are the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections and infections associated with the use of medical devices. Staphylococci, is the leading cause of infections associated with biofilm formation. Biofilmrelated infections are challenging to treat with conventional antimicrobial agents, limiting the efficacy of antibiotic therapy and becoming a crucial problem for treatment of chronic infections. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to study the susceptibility of staphylococcal biofilm cells against antimicrobial agents. For that, it was evaluated in vitro activities of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), rifampicin, linezolid, daptomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination on biofilm cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. The activities of antimicrobial agents were evaluated in concentrations CIM, 10xCIM and peak serum. The biofilms susceptibility to agents studied was assessed through, colony-forming units (CFU/ml), staining with crystal violet (CV) that is the measure total biofilm biomass and cellular activity using XTT reduction assay. The results of viable cells (expressed as log10 CFU/ml) to N-acetylcysteine alone, in the concentration 10xCIM on both the biofilms of staphylococcal evaluated showed a greater effect compared with other antimicrobial agents evaluated, with reductions of approximately 4-5 log10. The combination NAC (10xCIM) - vancomycin (independent of concentration evaluated) showed a greater reduction (p<0.05) on viable cells of S. epidermidis and S. aureus, compared with other combinations evaluated. This combination presented a reduction about of 5-6 log10 CFU/ml. The results of CV showed loss the total biofilm biomass and were observed decrease in the metabolic activity measured by the XTT, these results are in very good agreement with those obtained in terms of cell viability. In conclusion, the results obtained in the studies of this thesis constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of infections associated with biofilm formation by S. epidermidis and S. aureus. In addition, the use of antimicrobial agents in combinations may be an alternative for monotherapy, thus avoiding the development of resistance.
Sistemas nanoestruturados condutores baseados em nanocompósitos poliméricos condutores e mantas eletrofiadas condutoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10)
Silva, Aline Bruna da
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Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6539169612758835
In this work its was investigated the influence of the processing on the electrical and dielectric properties of nanostructured polymeric systems obtained by differents techniques. The morphology and structure of the materials were correlated to their percolation threshold by applying the percolation theory. The systems studied were: i) conductive blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with polypyrrole (PPy), PVDF/ multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites and PVDF/PPy/MWCNT hybrid systems, produced by melt mixing; ii) PVDF/ copper nanowires (CuNW) and MWCNT/PVDF nanocomposites produced by miscible solvent mixing and precipitation methods (MSMP); iii) nanofibers of nanocomposites of PA6/MWCNT, PVDF/MWCNT and PVDF/CuNW and from blends of PA6/ poly(aniline) (PAni) doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid (TSA), by electrospinning. For the systems produced by melt mixing the percolation thresholds were 10 and 0.3 wt %, for PVDF/PPy and PVDF/MWCNT, respectively, while the hybrid systems showed lower percolation thresholds and much higher electrical conductivities at all concentrations than the binary systems. For the systems produced by MSMP method the percolation thresholds were 0.13 and 0.29 v%, for the MWCNT/PVDF and CuNW/PVDF nanocomposites, respectively. It was observed also that the CuNW/PVDF nanocomposites had the highest real permittivity combined with a low dissipation factor (tan ). The non woven mats obtained by electrospinning presented insulating behavior. However, to take advantage of the high surface area and porosity of the mats the surface of the nanofibers were recovered with MWCNT by dipping the mats in an aqueous solution with MWCNT. A strong interaction between the MWNTs and the nanofibers was observed: even after ultrasonication, the adsorbed MWCNT remained attached to the surface of the nanofibers´ mats. After the treatment the mats displayed conductivities between 10-5 and 10-2 S/m.
Administração intracerebroventricular de peróxido de hidrogênio: efeitos sobre a ingestão de água, excreção renal e alterações cardiovasculares induzidas por aumento da osmolaridade plasmática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-13)
Zanella, Regis Cristian
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Colombari, Débora Simões de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2723150044733025
The reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced endogenously in central areas may act by modulating autonomic and behavioral responses. Recent studies have shown that a reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), injected into the lateral ventricle (LV) reduces pressor response induced by central injection of angiotensin II. In the present study we investigated the effects of H2O2 on the dipsogeni and pressor responses and on the changes in renal excretion induced by the increases in plasma osmolality by intragastric administration (ig) of 2 M NaCl (2 ml). Holtzman rats (280 - 320 g) with stainless steel cannula implanted in the LV were used. H2O2 or PBS injections were made in the LV. Injections of H2O2 (2.5 or 5 μmol/1 μl) in the LV reduced water intake induced by ig 2 M NaCl (3.1 ± 0.7 and 3.5 ± 1.1 ml, vs. PBS: 8.6 ± 1.0 and 7.6 ± 0.5 ml/2h, P <0.05, respectively) and natriuresis (609.2 ± 82.9 and 1290.7 ± 80.5, vs. PBS: 876.4 ± 129.5 and 1443.6 ± 67.5 μEq/2 h, p < 0.05, respectively). However, diuresis and pressor response after ig 2 M NaCl were not altered by the pre-treatment with H2O2. The present data suggest a inhibitory role of central H2O2 in water intake and natriuresis without changing the pressor response induced by plasma hyperosmolarity.
Pilares mistos de aço e concreto parcialmente revestidos: comportamento isolado, inserção em galpões industriais e comparativos com pilares de sistemas estruturais usuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-16)
Serafim, Jorge Augusto
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Souza, Alex Sander Clemente de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572504605209699
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8021302922802083
Despite the great use in most developed countries, the composite structures have been little exploited in Brazil, including rare records the use of composite columns of steel and concrete partially coated in industrial sheds. The low-use leaves the impression of this being a structural solution viable. The aim of this work is to insert the composite columns of steel and concrete partially coated alternatively to the pillars of steel and precast, solutions commonly used in the composition of the structural system of industrial sheds. The development work was done to study the behavior of the isolated element and sizing criteria applicable, analysis of the structural design of systems where it can be employed and the phases of project highlighting, still, some steps involved in constructive phase of the industrial sheds. We analyzed the elements of 108 sheds with variation in the span between 20 to 50 m and height of 8 to 12 m. the porticos were designed considering coverage using steel beams with profile type I and type I section steel pillars, pillars of precast concrete with rectangular section, composite columns of steel and concrete partially coated consisting of metallic profile type I with filling of concrete between the tables. The porticoes were analyzed in 2nd order and scaled according to the specific Brazilian standards by comparing the results obtained between structural systems. Costs despite the difficulties have been raised for the central region of the State of São Paulo, where, after the composition were made comparisons between the solutions. The results obtained can realize that the use of composite columns of steel and concrete partially coated are perfectly viable with visa point economic values quite surprising, for the fact of being a solution less maid. The use of composite columns of steel and concrete partially coated is obviously viable as an alternative to the usual structural systems used in industrial sheds, comes in to advance contribution of Civil construction in General.
Dinâmica e estrutura da comunidade procarionte da represa de Itupararanga - bacia do Rio Sorocaba - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-17)
Soares, Laís Américo
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Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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Falco, Patrícia Bortoletto de
This work aimed to quantifier the archaeal and bacterial communities by real time PCR, that shown the number of copies of 16S gene, rDNA into the water samples and to compare the archaeal and bacterial profiles on the PCR/DGGE technique as well as relate them with environmental variables in two points, dam and input on the Itupararanga reservoir, Sorocaba s basin. The bacterial density on the sediment (6,09 x108 e 2,56 x 109, dam and input, respectively) was more than water column (6,79 x 107 e 6,55 x 107, dam and input, respectively) this can be attributed to increase of the nutrients concentration from the surface to bottom. The bacterial (6,09 x 108 e 2,56 x 109 dam and input, respectively ) and archaeal (2,31 x 102 e 4,49 x 102 dam and input, respectively) quantities on the reservoir were more in the water column than in the sediment, which can be caused by the higher nutrients concentration in the top and the lees nutrients concentration in the bottom of Itupararanga reservoir. Since the canonical correspondence analysis has been possible, identify that the archaeal community has correlated with profundity and ammonia concentration suggesting ammonia oxidizing archaea s presence and abundance. The bacterial community quantity has correlated with physical chemical properties like pH and dissolved oxygen suggesting the environmental variables influence the group s abundance. Richness has correlated with nutrients distribution like orthophosphate concentration suggesting that the resources may limit the communities.
Modelos e algoritmos para problemas integrados de roteamento e carregamento de veículos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-17)
Junqueira, Leonardo
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2179657609596194
The object of this study are combined problems of the Vehicle Routing Problem and the Container Loading Problem, recently addressed as Integrated Vehicle Routing and Loading Problems. In these problems, the objective is to optimize simultaneously the planning of the vehicles routes and the arrangement of the cargo inside them, while considering a series of practical constraints from both vehicle routing and container loading. The objectives of this study are: (i) to study the integration between the Vehicle Routing Problem and the Container Loading Problem; (ii) to develop mathematical programming models to represent Integrated Vehicle Routing and Loading Problems; (iii) to develop and implement heuristics and metaheuristics to solve some of these problems; (iv) to analyze and compare the performance of the proposed models, by means of modeling languages and optimization solvers, as well as the heuristic methods, when solving instances from the literature and real-world situations. Besides being hard and relatively less studied problems, the main reason for this study is that with effective solution methods for optimizing the vehicle routing and the cargo loading, operational and tactical decisions could be made with more reliability, accuracy, quickness and with less uncertainty in real situations, besides of an improved use of the staff tasked to load and unload the cargo. On the other hand, these methods can also be usefull to reduce fixed and variable costs in a company that might use them. Computational experiments with some of the proposed models were performed with an optimization software and randomly generated instances. The results show that the models are consistent and properly represent the practical situations treated, although this approach (in its current version) is limited to solve to optimality only problems of moderate size, that is, situations with few customers, few vehicles, and mainly with a relatively reduced number of possible positions to load the boxes. This has motivated the development of heuristic and metaheuristic methods to solve more realistic vehicle routing and loading problems. The algorithms are based on the combination of classical heuristics from both the vehicle routing and container loading literatures, as well as two metaheuristic strategies, and their use in more elaborate procedures. Although these approaches cannot assure optimal solutions for the respective problems, they are relatively simple, fast enough to solve real instances, flexible enough to include practical considerations, and normally assure relatively good solutions in acceptable computational times in practice. Computational experiments were performed with these methods considering instances based on the vehicle routing literature and actual customers orders, as well as instances based on a real-world situation where the problem occurs.