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Objetos de aprendizagem multimídia provenientes da captura ubíqua de apresentações multimodais: produção, interação e análise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-08)
Viel, Caio César
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Teixeira, Cesar Augusto Camillo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1123376648713853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5975453085581481
The evolution of ubiquitous computing, techniques for handling continuous media and composition, representation and presentation of multimedia objects, among other areas of information technology and communication, enable the exploration and study of interesting results that can be achieved with the incorporation of these technologies in different areas of knowledge and application. The areas of Electronic Learning (EE) and Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC) were chosen to perform this kind of study and exploration. Besides providing a rich environment for research in education, the work required applied research in ubiquitous computing, human-computer interaction and multimedia systems. The work also included the development and improvement of prototypes, particularly presentation machines and capture & access systems for human activities. As a byproduct, it presents an intrumentalized classroom which can perform the ubiquitous capture of multimodal educational presentation for further generation of an equivalent multimedia learning object. These learning objects can be accessed via Learning Management System (LMS) on the Web in an asynchronous way or in synchronous sessions with professors/tutors/students. The multimedia learning objects may be used in MOOCs and as support for classroom learning. Moreover, the log of users interactions with the objects can provide clues for improvement in the educational presentation.
Tecnologia assistiva: identificação de modelos e proposição de um método de implementação de recursos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-08)
Alves, Ana Cristina de Jesus
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Matsukura, Thelma Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2297232372201541
The latest international researches seek to understand the factors that influencing the successful use of assistive technology devices through studies regarding the systematizing of assessments; abandonment of devices; or theoric models that consider the aspects of those devices implementation. In Brazil the researches are focused on developing new technologies and there are still not sufficient studies related to the successful use of devices and ways of assistive technology implementation. The main objective of this study was to identify and provide a way to implement assistive technology devices for use in Brazil. There was identified and analyzed the major conceptual and practical approaches related to the implementation of AT devices, choosing the more structured model cited in the literature to be analyzed and made available for use. Thus, this research involved two studies. The first focused on the literature review that revealed conceptual models and the most common assessments used for indication and implementation of assistive technology devices. The second study aimed to select a conceptual model and assessment tool for indicating AT, and cross-cultural validation of this instrument. The results showed that among 29 selected articles, 17 conceptual models used in the area of AT were found, of these, 14 were specific to AT. Regarding the assessments identified only 7 of the 15 were specific of AT. The conceptual model Matching person and Technology MPT and the assessment Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment - ATD PA were selected for analysis and cross-cultural adaptation. Thus, this study has resulted in the manual and the assessment ATD PA Br - adapted version for Brazil, providing a systematic way of indication of AT devices related to the national reality.
Síntese e processamento de titânia nanoestruturada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-09)
Roca, Román Alvarez
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8280667063040918
The TiO2 is widely used in several applications. In recent times these applications have been enhanced with the use of the nanotechnology. In this work, the sol-gel synthesis process, at low temperature, of TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated. The synthesis used TiCl4 as precursor in different solvents (Octanol, Ethanolamine and Terathane) and the products were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Gas Absorption (BET), Thermoanalytic Techniques (ATG, DSC) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM showed the crystallite size ranging from 4 to 16 nm and different particles morphologies and phase compositions (amorphous, anatase pure, and anatase/rutile mixture) were also shown. TEM images displayed variations in the morphological behavior depending on the synthesis condition. Between these morphologies nanostructures (1D and 3D), which are primaries nanoparticles self-assembled by oriented attachment, can be observed. The ceramic processing of these nanopowders is also investigated from the compacting, densification and sintering behavior. The compressibility curve shows a typical behavior of agglomerates. The densification process was investigated by the dilatometric analysis using nonisothermal experiments. The densification parameters were determinate and the grain boundary sliding assisted by surface diffusion was proposed as the dominant shrinkage mechanism. Different sintering methods are applied (SC, TSS and fast firing). The microstructure, by SEM, is analyzed and confronted with previous results. This work showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles could be easily engineered and adapted by the solvent type, the TiCl4 concentration and the synthesis time. The principal processes of the synthesis and processing are dependents strongly of the high agglomerate state of the nanopowders.
Avaliação morfofuncional do manguito rotador em indivíduos com instabilidade glenoumeral e lesão SLAP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10)
Saccol, Michele Forgiarini
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Rosa, Stela Márcia Mattiello Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336612282081567
Athlete´s shoulder most frequent lesions are anterior shoulder instability and superior labrum anterior and posterior lesion ( SLAP), altering structures and functions of the shoulder joint, leading to impairments in sports activity. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate functional and supraspinatus morphological adaptations of shoulder in athletes with anterior instability and SLAP lesion. Three studies were developed. The first study investigated functional differences regarding clinical complaints and the scoring systems of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) and the Athletic Shoulder Outcome Rating Scale (ASORS) in 249 athletes (153 with instability and 96 with SLAP lesion). The groups presented functional differences related mainly to sports activitiy and, even with more complaints of shoulder pain, SLAP lesion athlete´s tolerate more training hours compared to instability athletes. The second study evaluated isokinetic strenght and muscular control of shoulder rotators in four groups: instability group (n=10), instability control group (n=10), SLAP group (n=10) and SLAP control group (n=10). The torque steadiness and rotator cuff strength in 90 and 180°/s were evaluated. Athlete´s with anterior stability presented shoulder rotation weakness, while athletes with SLAP lesion showed higher torque fluctuation of shoulder internal rotation. The third study characterized the different fiber types of supraspinatus and shoulder function in those lesions. This study performed muscles biopsies in 10 athletes undergoing to arthroscopy repair of shoulder anterior instability and SLAP lesion. The volunteers were functionally evaluated with ASES and ASORS, and muscle samples were processed with histochemical reaction for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase). Muscles fibers were then characterized in type I, IIa, IIb and hybrid, and percentual and lesser diameter of each fiber type were calculated. In this study, volunteers presented evident functional limitations in sports activity and hypertrophy of all typees of muscles fibers. Most of the sample also presented a great number of type IIa and IIb in the supraspinatus muscle. In conjuction, those studies proves different functional and supraspinatus morphologic adaptations in athletes with anterior shoulder instability and SLAP lesion, justifying the need of different rehabilitations approaches.
Efeitos do extrato de Chlorella vulgaris e do EDTA sobre o tecido ósseo de ratos expostos ao acetato de chumbo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10)
Ferreira, José Aparecido
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8900057907339808
Lead acetate (Pb) is a nonessential and highly toxic heavy metal which is released to the environment by several routes, mainly by industrial and mining activities. Recent studies have suggested that lead caused a decrease in femur strength of adult rats. A wide range of chelating has been evaluated as possible protective agents against lead acetate toxicity. Dissodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA) is the chelating agent most widely used in the treatment of Pb poisoning. The chelating therapy with EDTA might induce Pb mobilization from inert deposition organs toward such critical tissues as the brain. But, it is questioned the safety of the use of this compound in the management of Pb poisoning. The lack of safety and efficacy demonstrated by conventional chelating has encouraged the search for new ways to remove heavy metals from the body. Recently, a supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CV) was shown to alleviate the heavy metals toxicity in rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible protective influence of Chlorella and Na2EDTA supplementation on bone physical and biomechanical properties of rats exposed to lead acetate. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were distributed into eight groups (n=8): Control (0.9% saline 0.1 ml/100g body weight- BW), EDTA (150 mg/Kg BW), CV 50 (50 mg/Kg BW), CV 250 (250 mg/Kg BW), Pb (250 mg/Kg BW), Pb (250 mg/Kg BW) plus EDTA (150 mg/Kg BW), Pb (250 mg/Kg BW) plus CV 50 (50 mg/Kg BW) and Pb (250 mg/Kg BW) plus CV 250 (250 mg/Kg BW). The treatment was done once a week, for 8 weeks by gastric gavage. Bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical properties (maximum load, resilience and stiffness) of the femoral diaphysis and 5th lumbar vertebra were examined. The biomechanical properties of femurs were obtained by the three-points bending test and compression test for vertebrae, using a universal test machine Instron, model 4444. Bone MMP-2 activitie was measured by gelatin zymography. Concentrations of lead and zinc in whole blood and lead, zinc, calcium and magnesium in the left femur and 4th lumbar vertebra were determined by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). Exposure to 250 mg/kg BW of Pb caused significant reduction of maximum load, stiffness and resilience indicating the ability of this element to damage the quality of bone tissue. In the 5th lumbar vertebrae, exposure to Pb caused significant reduction of bone mineral density. The treatment with Chlorella vulgaris (50 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/Kg BW) and EDTA (150 mg/Kg BW) during Pb exposure prevented the weakening of the bone strength. In the 5th lumbar vertebrae, the CV and EDTA prevented the reduction of bone mineral density due to Pb. The pro, intermediate and active MMP-2 activity in bone of animals exposed to lead showed a significant increase compared to control. The CV 50 administration in animals exposed to lead reduced the activity of MMP-2 isoforms in their pro, intermediate and active levels compared to control group. The exposure to Pb resulted in an increase of the blood concentration of this heavy metal and its accumulation in the liver, kidney, brain and bone concentration. The CV and EDTA reduced blood lead concentrations, leading to reduction of lead concentration in liver, kidney, brain and bone. These findings seem to indicate that treatment with Chlorella vulgaris and EDTA during exposure to Pb may be beneficial for the skeleton of subjects chronically exposed to Pb.
Um método para construção de distribuições de probabilidades do tipo contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10)
Bereta, Estela Maris Pereira
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7852223448948817
Estudo da susceptibilidade e resposta dos biofilmes de estafilococos aos agentes antimicrobianos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10)
Leite, Bruna de Arruda
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
The staphylococci belong a diverse group of bacteria that cause diseases ranging from minor skin infections to death-threatening bacteraemia. The two major opportunistic pathogens of this genus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus are the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections and infections associated with the use of medical devices. Staphylococci, is the leading cause of infections associated with biofilm formation. Biofilmrelated infections are challenging to treat with conventional antimicrobial agents, limiting the efficacy of antibiotic therapy and becoming a crucial problem for treatment of chronic infections. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to study the susceptibility of staphylococcal biofilm cells against antimicrobial agents. For that, it was evaluated in vitro activities of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), rifampicin, linezolid, daptomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination on biofilm cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. The activities of antimicrobial agents were evaluated in concentrations CIM, 10xCIM and peak serum. The biofilms susceptibility to agents studied was assessed through, colony-forming units (CFU/ml), staining with crystal violet (CV) that is the measure total biofilm biomass and cellular activity using XTT reduction assay. The results of viable cells (expressed as log10 CFU/ml) to N-acetylcysteine alone, in the concentration 10xCIM on both the biofilms of staphylococcal evaluated showed a greater effect compared with other antimicrobial agents evaluated, with reductions of approximately 4-5 log10. The combination NAC (10xCIM) - vancomycin (independent of concentration evaluated) showed a greater reduction (p<0.05) on viable cells of S. epidermidis and S. aureus, compared with other combinations evaluated. This combination presented a reduction about of 5-6 log10 CFU/ml. The results of CV showed loss the total biofilm biomass and were observed decrease in the metabolic activity measured by the XTT, these results are in very good agreement with those obtained in terms of cell viability. In conclusion, the results obtained in the studies of this thesis constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of infections associated with biofilm formation by S. epidermidis and S. aureus. In addition, the use of antimicrobial agents in combinations may be an alternative for monotherapy, thus avoiding the development of resistance.
Sistemas nanoestruturados condutores baseados em nanocompósitos poliméricos condutores e mantas eletrofiadas condutoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10)
Silva, Aline Bruna da
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Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6539169612758835
In this work its was investigated the influence of the processing on the electrical and dielectric properties of nanostructured polymeric systems obtained by differents techniques. The morphology and structure of the materials were correlated to their percolation threshold by applying the percolation theory. The systems studied were: i) conductive blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with polypyrrole (PPy), PVDF/ multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites and PVDF/PPy/MWCNT hybrid systems, produced by melt mixing; ii) PVDF/ copper nanowires (CuNW) and MWCNT/PVDF nanocomposites produced by miscible solvent mixing and precipitation methods (MSMP); iii) nanofibers of nanocomposites of PA6/MWCNT, PVDF/MWCNT and PVDF/CuNW and from blends of PA6/ poly(aniline) (PAni) doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid (TSA), by electrospinning. For the systems produced by melt mixing the percolation thresholds were 10 and 0.3 wt %, for PVDF/PPy and PVDF/MWCNT, respectively, while the hybrid systems showed lower percolation thresholds and much higher electrical conductivities at all concentrations than the binary systems. For the systems produced by MSMP method the percolation thresholds were 0.13 and 0.29 v%, for the MWCNT/PVDF and CuNW/PVDF nanocomposites, respectively. It was observed also that the CuNW/PVDF nanocomposites had the highest real permittivity combined with a low dissipation factor (tan ). The non woven mats obtained by electrospinning presented insulating behavior. However, to take advantage of the high surface area and porosity of the mats the surface of the nanofibers were recovered with MWCNT by dipping the mats in an aqueous solution with MWCNT. A strong interaction between the MWNTs and the nanofibers was observed: even after ultrasonication, the adsorbed MWCNT remained attached to the surface of the nanofibers´ mats. After the treatment the mats displayed conductivities between 10-5 and 10-2 S/m.
Administração intracerebroventricular de peróxido de hidrogênio: efeitos sobre a ingestão de água, excreção renal e alterações cardiovasculares induzidas por aumento da osmolaridade plasmática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-13)
Zanella, Regis Cristian
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Colombari, Débora Simões de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2723150044733025
The reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced endogenously in central areas may act by modulating autonomic and behavioral responses. Recent studies have shown that a reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), injected into the lateral ventricle (LV) reduces pressor response induced by central injection of angiotensin II. In the present study we investigated the effects of H2O2 on the dipsogeni and pressor responses and on the changes in renal excretion induced by the increases in plasma osmolality by intragastric administration (ig) of 2 M NaCl (2 ml). Holtzman rats (280 - 320 g) with stainless steel cannula implanted in the LV were used. H2O2 or PBS injections were made in the LV. Injections of H2O2 (2.5 or 5 μmol/1 μl) in the LV reduced water intake induced by ig 2 M NaCl (3.1 ± 0.7 and 3.5 ± 1.1 ml, vs. PBS: 8.6 ± 1.0 and 7.6 ± 0.5 ml/2h, P <0.05, respectively) and natriuresis (609.2 ± 82.9 and 1290.7 ± 80.5, vs. PBS: 876.4 ± 129.5 and 1443.6 ± 67.5 μEq/2 h, p < 0.05, respectively). However, diuresis and pressor response after ig 2 M NaCl were not altered by the pre-treatment with H2O2. The present data suggest a inhibitory role of central H2O2 in water intake and natriuresis without changing the pressor response induced by plasma hyperosmolarity.
Pilares mistos de aço e concreto parcialmente revestidos: comportamento isolado, inserção em galpões industriais e comparativos com pilares de sistemas estruturais usuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-16)
Serafim, Jorge Augusto
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Souza, Alex Sander Clemente de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572504605209699
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8021302922802083
Despite the great use in most developed countries, the composite structures have been little exploited in Brazil, including rare records the use of composite columns of steel and concrete partially coated in industrial sheds. The low-use leaves the impression of this being a structural solution viable. The aim of this work is to insert the composite columns of steel and concrete partially coated alternatively to the pillars of steel and precast, solutions commonly used in the composition of the structural system of industrial sheds. The development work was done to study the behavior of the isolated element and sizing criteria applicable, analysis of the structural design of systems where it can be employed and the phases of project highlighting, still, some steps involved in constructive phase of the industrial sheds. We analyzed the elements of 108 sheds with variation in the span between 20 to 50 m and height of 8 to 12 m. the porticos were designed considering coverage using steel beams with profile type I and type I section steel pillars, pillars of precast concrete with rectangular section, composite columns of steel and concrete partially coated consisting of metallic profile type I with filling of concrete between the tables. The porticoes were analyzed in 2nd order and scaled according to the specific Brazilian standards by comparing the results obtained between structural systems. Costs despite the difficulties have been raised for the central region of the State of São Paulo, where, after the composition were made comparisons between the solutions. The results obtained can realize that the use of composite columns of steel and concrete partially coated are perfectly viable with visa point economic values quite surprising, for the fact of being a solution less maid. The use of composite columns of steel and concrete partially coated is obviously viable as an alternative to the usual structural systems used in industrial sheds, comes in to advance contribution of Civil construction in General.
Dinâmica e estrutura da comunidade procarionte da represa de Itupararanga - bacia do Rio Sorocaba - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-17)
Soares, Laís Américo
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Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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Falco, Patrícia Bortoletto de
This work aimed to quantifier the archaeal and bacterial communities by real time PCR, that shown the number of copies of 16S gene, rDNA into the water samples and to compare the archaeal and bacterial profiles on the PCR/DGGE technique as well as relate them with environmental variables in two points, dam and input on the Itupararanga reservoir, Sorocaba s basin. The bacterial density on the sediment (6,09 x108 e 2,56 x 109, dam and input, respectively) was more than water column (6,79 x 107 e 6,55 x 107, dam and input, respectively) this can be attributed to increase of the nutrients concentration from the surface to bottom. The bacterial (6,09 x 108 e 2,56 x 109 dam and input, respectively ) and archaeal (2,31 x 102 e 4,49 x 102 dam and input, respectively) quantities on the reservoir were more in the water column than in the sediment, which can be caused by the higher nutrients concentration in the top and the lees nutrients concentration in the bottom of Itupararanga reservoir. Since the canonical correspondence analysis has been possible, identify that the archaeal community has correlated with profundity and ammonia concentration suggesting ammonia oxidizing archaea s presence and abundance. The bacterial community quantity has correlated with physical chemical properties like pH and dissolved oxygen suggesting the environmental variables influence the group s abundance. Richness has correlated with nutrients distribution like orthophosphate concentration suggesting that the resources may limit the communities.
Modelos e algoritmos para problemas integrados de roteamento e carregamento de veículos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-17)
Junqueira, Leonardo
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2179657609596194
The object of this study are combined problems of the Vehicle Routing Problem and the Container Loading Problem, recently addressed as Integrated Vehicle Routing and Loading Problems. In these problems, the objective is to optimize simultaneously the planning of the vehicles routes and the arrangement of the cargo inside them, while considering a series of practical constraints from both vehicle routing and container loading. The objectives of this study are: (i) to study the integration between the Vehicle Routing Problem and the Container Loading Problem; (ii) to develop mathematical programming models to represent Integrated Vehicle Routing and Loading Problems; (iii) to develop and implement heuristics and metaheuristics to solve some of these problems; (iv) to analyze and compare the performance of the proposed models, by means of modeling languages and optimization solvers, as well as the heuristic methods, when solving instances from the literature and real-world situations. Besides being hard and relatively less studied problems, the main reason for this study is that with effective solution methods for optimizing the vehicle routing and the cargo loading, operational and tactical decisions could be made with more reliability, accuracy, quickness and with less uncertainty in real situations, besides of an improved use of the staff tasked to load and unload the cargo. On the other hand, these methods can also be usefull to reduce fixed and variable costs in a company that might use them. Computational experiments with some of the proposed models were performed with an optimization software and randomly generated instances. The results show that the models are consistent and properly represent the practical situations treated, although this approach (in its current version) is limited to solve to optimality only problems of moderate size, that is, situations with few customers, few vehicles, and mainly with a relatively reduced number of possible positions to load the boxes. This has motivated the development of heuristic and metaheuristic methods to solve more realistic vehicle routing and loading problems. The algorithms are based on the combination of classical heuristics from both the vehicle routing and container loading literatures, as well as two metaheuristic strategies, and their use in more elaborate procedures. Although these approaches cannot assure optimal solutions for the respective problems, they are relatively simple, fast enough to solve real instances, flexible enough to include practical considerations, and normally assure relatively good solutions in acceptable computational times in practice. Computational experiments were performed with these methods considering instances based on the vehicle routing literature and actual customers orders, as well as instances based on a real-world situation where the problem occurs.
Controle da ingestão de água e sódio pelos mecanismos adrenérgicos do núcleo parabraquial lateral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-17)
Gasparini, Silvia
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1284209984441589
The activation of α2-adrenoceptors with noradrenaline injected into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) increases 1.8% NaCl intake in rats treated with the diuretic furosemide (FURO) combined with low dose of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (CAP) subcutaneously (s.c.). In addition, noradrenaline injected into the LPBN increases arterial pressure and decreases water intake. In the present study, one of the objectives was to investigate the neural mechanisms activated by noradrenaline injected into the LPBN to produce pressor responses and the influence of the pressor response elicited by noradrenaline injected into the LPBN on FURO + CAP-induced water and 1.8% NaCl intake in rats. Male Holtzman rats with bilateral stainless steel guide-cannulas implanted into LPBN were used. Injections of noradrenaline (40 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN increased FURO + CAP-induced 1.8% NaCl intake (12.2 ± 3.5, vs., saline: 4.2 ± 0.8 ml/180 min), reduced water intake in the first 90 min of the test (10.5 ± 0.9 vs., saline 7 ± 1.5 ml/90 min) and strongly increased arterial pressure (50 ± 7, vs. saline: 1 ± 1 mmHg). Results from the present work also showed that unilateral or bilateral noradrenaline injections (20 nmol/0.2 μl) into LPBL or in misplaced areas produced a pressure response (43.3 ± 6.4; 41 ± 7 respectively vs., saline: 2.5 ± 2.5 mmHg) and bradycardia (-51 ± 12; -82 ± 15 respectively vs., saline 6 ± 3.6 bpm) suggesting that noradrenaline pressure responses do not depend specifically on LPBN injections. The blockade of the α1 adrenoceptors with prazosin injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) abolished the pressor response (9 ± 4 vs., saline: 1 ± 1 mmHg) and increased water (17 ± 2 ml/180 min) and 1.8% NaCl intake (21.8 ± 3.8 vs., saline: 4.2 ± 0.8 ml/180), respectively in rats treated with FURO + CAP combined with noradrenaline injected into the LPBN. Although prazosin i.p. reduced the pressor response, the sympathetic blockade with hexamethonium combined with vasopressin receptor blockade increased the pressor response to noradrenaline injected into the LPBN (88 ± 30 vs., noradrenaline response before the blockade: 51 ± 4 mmHg), suggesting that these mechanisms are not involved in the pressor response. The results suggest that the pressor response reduces FURO + CAP-induced water intake and the facilitation of NaCl intake produced by noradrenaline injected into the LPBN. The present study also used licking microstructure analysis to draw conclusions about the effects of LPBN noradrenaline on orosensory and postingestive signals that modify intake. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used and treated with FURO+CAP before saline or noradrenaline was injected bilaterally into the LPBN. Noradrenaline (40 nmol/0.2μl) increased NaCl intake (8.3 ± 0.7 vs. saline 4 ± 0.4 ml) and the number of licks 15-30 into the test (439.1 ± 167.4 vs. saline 60.2 ± 35.2) and number of bursts (11.2 ± 5.8 vs. saline 1.9 ± 0.9) for NaCl in the same period. Pre-treatment with prazosin i.p. (1mg/kg of body weight) increased NaCl intake (13.4 ± 0.8 ml), the number of licks/bin between 45 and 90 min into the test (274.1± 91.4), the number of bursts/bin 30-60 min into the test (13.4 ± 9.0) and also by burst size 45 min into the test (41 ± 11 vs. saline 0 ± 0). Prazosin also further increased water intake (10.4 ± 0.6 vs. saline 7.1± 0.5) and the number of bursts between 30 and 60 min into the test (7.7 ± 2.8 vs. saline 0 ± 0). However, injections that did not reach the LPBN, though not produce an effect on total intake of sodium and water in animals treated with FURO + CAP, when combined with prazosin i.p. also produced similar effects on microstructural analysis of licking and caused an increase in the number of licks/bin and bursts/bin for NaCl, suggesting a non specificity of noradrenaline in the LPBN combined with prazosin i.p. on microstructural analysis of licks. In order to evaluate the effects of activation of α2-adrenergic LPBN receptors without the interference of the pressor response on postingestive and orosensory signals, lick analysis for water and 1.8% NaCl was measured in male Sprague Dawley rats that were treated with FURO + CAP and given vehicle or moxonidine injections into the LPBN. Bilateral injections of moxonidine (0.5 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN increased FURO + CAP-induced total 1.8% NaCl intake (29.7 ± 7 vs. vehicle 4 ± 0.4 ml) and the number of licks/bin from 15 to 60 min (737 ± 267 vs. vehicle 0.0 ± 0.0 at 60 min). Moxonidine injections also increased the number of bursts/bin (36 ± 7 vs. vehicle 0 ± 0) number of licks/burst for 1.8% (26.5773 ± 8.1600 vs. vehicle 0 ± 0 at 60 minutes of the test). The results suggest that moxonidine into LPBN is affecting orosensory and postingestive signals for sodium intake. A stimulus that produces water intake and pressor response, but no hypertonic NaCl intake is the cholinergic stimulation with pilocarpine injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) or carbachol i.c.v. In this work it was also investigated whether the pressor response both pilocarpine i.p. as noradrenaline in the LPBN affects water and 1.8% NaCl intake induced by cholinergic activation. Further, it was investigated the effects moxonidine injections, an α2- adrenergic/imidazoline agonist, on water and 1.8% NaCl intake and the pressor response produced by pilocarpine i.p. Male Holtzman rats with bilateral stainless steel guide-cannulas implanted into LPBN were used. Pilocarpine (1 mg/kg) injected i.p. induced water intake (2.9 ± 0.3 ml/180 min), without affecting 0.3 M NaCl intake (0.5 ± 0.3 ml/180 min). Bilateral injections of noradrenaline (80 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN combined with prazosin i.p. (1 mg/kg) increased pilocarpine i.p. induced water intake (6.3 ±1.7 ml/180 min) and 1.8% NaCl intake (14.7 ± 3.5 ml/180 min). LPBN noradrenaline injections combined with saline i.p. did not affect 1.8% NaCl (0.8 ±2.4 ml/180 min) and decreased water intake (0.8 ± 0.3 ml/180 min) induced by pilocarpine i.p. Prazosin i.p. did not modify 1.8% NaCl (4.8 ± 3.6 ml/180 min) or water intake (0.5 ± 0.3 ml/180 min) in rats treated with pilocarpine i.p. combined saline into the LPBN. Moreover, prazosin i.p. blocked the pressure response produced by noradrenaline injections into LPBN and also by pilocarpine i.p. (22 ± 4 vs., noradrenaline pressure response before saline i.p.: 60 ± 4 mmHg). In the present study, it was also observed that bilateral injections of moxonidine (0.5 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN combined with pilocarpine i.p. induced 1.8% NaCl intake (14.1 ± 5.5 ml/180 min, vs. vehicle LPBN: 0.8 ± 0.5 ml/180 min) but did not change water intake (7.6 ± 3.1 ml/180 min, vs. vehicle LPBN 3.8 ± 0.7 ml/180 min) or pressure response produced by pilocarpine i.p. (30 ± 3 mmHg, vs., control: 28 ± 5 mmHg). The results suggest that strong cholinergic-induced sodium intake arises when the inhibitory mechanisms are deactivated with noradrenaline injected into the LPBN combined with the blockade of pressor responses with prazosin i.p. or moxonidine into LPBN. As pilocarpine i.p., i.c.v. injections of carbachol cause an increase in blood pressure, produce a dipsogenic response, but no intake of 1.8% NaCl. However, the present results show that noradrenaline injections into LPBN combined with prazosin i.p. did not alter water intake (8.1 ± 2.4 vs., i.p. saline LPBN 9.4 ± 4.8 ml/180 min), but produced an increase in 1.8% NaCl intake (8.2 ± 3.9 vs., saline LPBN 1.9 ± 0.8 ml/180 min) induced by carbachol (4 nmol/1 μ) i.c.v. Further, it was possible to observe that prazosin was able to reduce noradrenaline pressure response (15 ± 7 vs., noradrenaline pressure response before saline i.p.: 50 ± 9 mmHg) injected into LPBL but it did not change carbachol i.c.v. pressure response (28 ± 6 vs., vs., carbachol pressure response before saline i.p.: 25 ± 6 mmHg). The results suggests LPBN blockade and probably, pressure response associated with cholinergic activation induces sodium intake. Therefore, the present results suggest that besides inducing water intake, cholinergic stimuli also stimulate sodium intake when the inhibitory mechanisms are blocked by α2 adrenergic receptor activation in the LPBN. The activation of the α2 adrenergic receptor in the LPBN might remove, at least partially, baroreceptor and/or cardiopulmonary signals and orosensory or postingestive signals, such as signals from oral receptors, stomach, liver and intestine receptors, that might influence on water and sodium intake, which causes an increase in sodium intake. However, the inhibitory action of the increase in arterial pressure is still present, at least partially, after the blockade of the α2 adrenergic receptors in the LPBN, as suggested by the facilitation of water and sodium intake after the treatment with prazosin.
Um processo dirigido a modelos para geração de código
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-17)
Papotti, Paulo Eduardo
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1299257200519750
Software development is an activity in constant change over time. Given the complexity and high cost that exists in software construction, there is high demand, especially in the software industries, for methodologies and tools that enable to increase software productivity by spending less time and effort in its development. Among the challenges that exist in Software Engineering, there is a need in knowing and exploring techniques and tools that enable to increase productivity and maintai software quality. Approaches related to model-driven development can be used as a starting point for modeling and to specify the requirements of a software system. Models provide a representation with higher level of abstraction of system design and assist to understand the system. Through the execution of model-to-code transformation mechanisms, implementation artifacts for different technologies can be generated based on data extracted and interpreted from models. Furthermore, reflexive metaprogramming is a technique that can be used to complement the code generation performed by model-to-code transformations, automating most of tasks of developers, such as CRUD (Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete) functionalities, freeing them to perform more important tasks in development process. Therefore, this research proposes a software process to guide professionals in developing applications using such techniques to accomplish code generation, in order to increase software productivity and facilitate maintenance.
Política antitruste e sua consistência: uma análise das decisões do Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência relativas aos Atos de Concentração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-20)
Cardoso, Diego Soares
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Pitelli, Mariusa Momenti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2810339285129049
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5696223328107305
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Figueiredo, Adelson Martins
The goal of competition policy, also known as antitrust policy, is promoting the welfare and economic efficiency by preserving fair competition in markets. Merger control is one of the main responsibilities of antitrust institutions. Prohibitions and restrictions of merger operations affect market structures, thus making these decisions relevant to economic agents. This Master's thesis analyzes the decisions made by Brazilian antitrust institutions regarding merger processes. Data was collected from public documents issued from 2004 to 2011. Bivariate analysis, discrete choice models and classification decision trees show that these merger control decisions are consistent with Brazilian antitrust law. Consistent competition policy reduces uncertainty, aligns expectations and increases the efficiency of antitrust law enforcement. Therefore, this research contributes to better understanding Brazilian competition policy related to merger control and its decision drivers.
Preparação e estudo de filmes automontados de quitosana e carboximetilcelulose sobre substrato de poli(ácido lático)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-20)
Santos, Franciele Nicole dos
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
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Carvalho, Antonio José Felix de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5050955206618507
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films has been used in several different areas such as packaging and for innumerous medical uses. The modification of these films with the goal of providing new features, such as resistance to growth of fungi and bacteria, presents great potential of application. In this work was studied the formation of thin films produced by the self-assembly process known as layer-by-layer (LbL) of two polysaccharides, one cationic and one anionic, respectively, chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on PLA substrates. The films were firstly assembled on glass substrate and silicon in order to determine the optimal conditions of deposition. PLA films substrates were used without and with surface modification from ultraviolet light exposure. The purpose of the surface modification was to produce ionizable groups, such as carboxylates, on the film surface of the PLA film to improve the anchoring of the LbL film. It were produced films with 5, 10, 15 and 20 bilayers. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), quartz microbalance and optical microscopy. The modification of PLA films was monitored by FTIR measurements and contact angle measurements. The uniformity of the LbL films was satisfactory, with increasing roughness of the order of 20 nm at each bilayer. It was observed a linear growth with bilayers increasing at a rate of approximately 80 nm of thickness per bilayer. The process of surface modification of films with UV light was effective, however it was found difficulty in controlling the process, which also causes the degradation of the film. The proposed process for the production of hybrid films PLA/LbL-chitosan/CMC proved to be very effective and promising for PLA functionalization.
Síntese de triazóis e análise estrutural de compostos organocalcogenetos triazólicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-20)
Camargo, Leandro Renato Simon de
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Schpector, Júlio Zukerman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6728256119645842
In this study, we developed a synthetic route for obtaining new class of 1,2,3- triazole compounds. In the synthesis of these compounds were used flexible and modular methodologies, allowing to obtain a large number of compounds with a wide structural diversity. The triazoles were obtained from different saccharides and steroids which were applied as building blocks to prepare a small library of Saponins and digitalis analogues. In the sequence we performed a structural study by x-ray diffraction of series orgonacalcogen 1,2,3-triazole compounds and azide derived from cholesterol, and the interactions that contribute to their supramolecular structures.
Uma abordagem dirigida por modelos para portabilidade entre plataformas de computação em nuvem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-20)
Silva, Elias Adriano Nogueira da
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Lucrédio, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9090396559596221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4308415735190907
Cloud Computing has potential to revolutionize way that systems are developed and marketed. Among several research gaps related to this new model is the Lock-In. The Lock-In is the difficulty on migrating data and applications from a cloud platform to another. The lack of standardization, as well as other reasons, are causing the problem. This work presents a model-driven(MDE) approach for portability of applications between cloud platforms. With MDE software engineers can work at a high level of abstraction freeing themselves from repetitive tasks related to software implementation and specific details of cloud platforms. Besides portability, MDE brings additional benefits related to traditional software development approaches. The approach presented in this work, basically consists of a DSL and a set of automated transformations for two known cloud platforms Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure. The approach allows the development of cloud applications on a high abstraction level, showing that despite being simple, the elements of the approach are enough to generate many cloud applications, as well as facilitates its development. The evaluation confirms the benefits provided by MDE technologies.
Escola, juventude e violência: um estudo no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-20)
Tigre, Maria das Graças do Espirito Santo
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4115848842967360
The main theme of this study is the school environment, youth and violence. Its purpose was to investigate violence in, to and from school, by examining the interpersonal relationships which there occur, trying to capture the student s perception about the issue, as one who practices it, is subjected to it or simply observes it; which forms of violence are repeatedly practiced and suffered by young-adolescent at school and what motivates them to practice such acts, as well as which representations they have about the school as an institution, and particularly high school. A quantitative-qualitative approach was used in this investigation in an interpretative perspective. The research was done in three different phases. As data collection tools, questionnaires, focal group and interviews were used. The subject of the research were adolescent students who went to state funded high schools. The data were collected in 2011 when there were 9678 adolescents from 23 different schools. During the first phase of the research, a representative sample was surveyed and 428 questionnaires were applied to adolescents from nine schools from different regions of the city. During the second phase, two focal groups were assembled. Each group had two meetings, in which twelve subjects took part. In the third and last phase, nine young-adolescents were throroughly interviewed who had already been involved (suffered or practiced) in any violence situation in the school context. Parallelly, a theoretical reference was developed to delimit the analysis of the results found. The investigation revealed that the most recurring violence forms suffered by the subjects were: lack of respect, verbal aggression and dirty tricks. They practiced: verbal aggression, lack of respect and physical aggression. They witnessed: physical aggression among students, threats/intimidation and vandalism. The classroom is the main scenery where these incidents take place with or without the presence of the teacher, being the teacher the last person the usually students resort to when they either suffer or witness violent situations, which suggests that the dynamics in these sceneries can be the origin of great part of the violence manifested at schools. Most assaults have frivolous trivial causes: gossip, jealousy of boyfriend/girlfriend, insult, bumping into each other, incompatibility, dirty tricks, dirty looks and mutual offense. The pedagogical school staff faces violence in a bureaucratic way, through warnings and registration in proceeding books, or by calling the school police patrol. However, there are not any violence preventive programs. Students suggest dialogue as a way to manage conflicts, however, institutional channels to deal with the issue do not exist. Violence at school has a direct impact on the teaching-learning process and can be interpreted as an attempt to restore or conquer what the lack of dialogue and reasoning were not able to solve and it becomes the first resource to be used by the aggressor or as a last paradigm. The disrespect towards the teacher as an authority is intimately related to not fulfilling the implicit agreement to the pedagogic relation. We concluded that the school has to worry about supplying the young-adolescents proper standards of interaction and sociability and trod the path of reinstitutionalization.
As relações de substituição entre cadernetas de poupança e fundos de investimento.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-21)
Silva, Maria Aparecida Lucas da
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Oliveira, Maria Aparecida Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3455553543736709
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7047594664712589
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Cruz Júnior, José César
This thesis aims to investigate the relations of substitution between Saving Accounts and DI Funds during the period of December 2004 and December 2012. The Brazilian basic interest rate SELIC rate has reduced over 10 percentage points during this period. Such a downward movement affected the returns on financial assets, i.e., their "prices", defined as opportunity costs in relation to the SELIC rate. The hypothesis is that substitution relationship between Saving Accounts and DI Funds have changed over time due to different levels of SELIC rate prevailing during the analyzed period. The dual approach and the nonlinear seemingly unrelated equations model (INSUR model) are used to estimate the demands via Translog functional form. Morishima elasticities of substitution are calculated in seven points of the sample in order to measure the substitution effect over the time and to evaluate possible asymmetry of elasticities. The results confirm the hypothesis that different levels of SELIC have engendered different patterns of relations of substitution between the analyzed assets. The conclusion is that the anew relations of substitution have expanded the role of Saving Accounts as instrument of private savings over DI Funds.