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Avaliação morfofuncional do manguito rotador em indivíduos com instabilidade glenoumeral e lesão SLAP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10) Saccol, Michele Forgiarini; Rosa, Stela Márcia Mattiello Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336612282081567
Athlete´s shoulder most frequent lesions are anterior shoulder instability and superior labrum anterior and posterior lesion ( SLAP), altering structures and functions of the shoulder joint, leading to impairments in sports activity. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate functional and supraspinatus morphological adaptations of shoulder in athletes with anterior instability and SLAP lesion. Three studies were developed. The first study investigated functional differences regarding clinical complaints and the scoring systems of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) and the Athletic Shoulder Outcome Rating Scale (ASORS) in 249 athletes (153 with instability and 96 with SLAP lesion). The groups presented functional differences related mainly to sports activitiy and, even with more complaints of shoulder pain, SLAP lesion athlete´s tolerate more training hours compared to instability athletes. The second study evaluated isokinetic strenght and muscular control of shoulder rotators in four groups: instability group (n=10), instability control group (n=10), SLAP group (n=10) and SLAP control group (n=10). The torque steadiness and rotator cuff strength in 90 and 180°/s were evaluated. Athlete´s with anterior stability presented shoulder rotation weakness, while athletes with SLAP lesion showed higher torque fluctuation of shoulder internal rotation. The third study characterized the different fiber types of supraspinatus and shoulder function in those lesions. This study performed muscles biopsies in 10 athletes undergoing to arthroscopy repair of shoulder anterior instability and SLAP lesion. The volunteers were functionally evaluated with ASES and ASORS, and muscle samples were processed with histochemical reaction for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase). Muscles fibers were then characterized in type I, IIa, IIb and hybrid, and percentual and lesser diameter of each fiber type were calculated. In this study, volunteers presented evident functional limitations in sports activity and hypertrophy of all typees of muscles fibers. Most of the sample also presented a great number of type IIa and IIb in the supraspinatus muscle. In conjuction, those studies proves different functional and supraspinatus morphologic adaptations in athletes with anterior shoulder instability and SLAP lesion, justifying the need of different rehabilitations approaches.
Estudo da susceptibilidade e resposta dos biofilmes de estafilococos aos agentes antimicrobianos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10) Leite, Bruna de Arruda; Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
The staphylococci belong a diverse group of bacteria that cause diseases ranging from minor skin infections to death-threatening bacteraemia. The two major opportunistic pathogens of this genus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus are the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections and infections associated with the use of medical devices. Staphylococci, is the leading cause of infections associated with biofilm formation. Biofilmrelated infections are challenging to treat with conventional antimicrobial agents, limiting the efficacy of antibiotic therapy and becoming a crucial problem for treatment of chronic infections. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to study the susceptibility of staphylococcal biofilm cells against antimicrobial agents. For that, it was evaluated in vitro activities of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), rifampicin, linezolid, daptomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination on biofilm cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. The activities of antimicrobial agents were evaluated in concentrations CIM, 10xCIM and peak serum. The biofilms susceptibility to agents studied was assessed through, colony-forming units (CFU/ml), staining with crystal violet (CV) that is the measure total biofilm biomass and cellular activity using XTT reduction assay. The results of viable cells (expressed as log10 CFU/ml) to N-acetylcysteine alone, in the concentration 10xCIM on both the biofilms of staphylococcal evaluated showed a greater effect compared with other antimicrobial agents evaluated, with reductions of approximately 4-5 log10. The combination NAC (10xCIM) - vancomycin (independent of concentration evaluated) showed a greater reduction (p<0.05) on viable cells of S. epidermidis and S. aureus, compared with other combinations evaluated. This combination presented a reduction about of 5-6 log10 CFU/ml. The results of CV showed loss the total biofilm biomass and were observed decrease in the metabolic activity measured by the XTT, these results are in very good agreement with those obtained in terms of cell viability. In conclusion, the results obtained in the studies of this thesis constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of infections associated with biofilm formation by S. epidermidis and S. aureus. In addition, the use of antimicrobial agents in combinations may be an alternative for monotherapy, thus avoiding the development of resistance.
Efeitos do extrato de Chlorella vulgaris e do EDTA sobre o tecido ósseo de ratos expostos ao acetato de chumbo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10) Ferreira, José Aparecido; Nonaka, Keico Okino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8900057907339808
Lead acetate (Pb) is a nonessential and highly toxic heavy metal which is released to the environment by several routes, mainly by industrial and mining activities. Recent studies have suggested that lead caused a decrease in femur strength of adult rats. A wide range of chelating has been evaluated as possible protective agents against lead acetate toxicity. Dissodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA) is the chelating agent most widely used in the treatment of Pb poisoning. The chelating therapy with EDTA might induce Pb mobilization from inert deposition organs toward such critical tissues as the brain. But, it is questioned the safety of the use of this compound in the management of Pb poisoning. The lack of safety and efficacy demonstrated by conventional chelating has encouraged the search for new ways to remove heavy metals from the body. Recently, a supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CV) was shown to alleviate the heavy metals toxicity in rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible protective influence of Chlorella and Na2EDTA supplementation on bone physical and biomechanical properties of rats exposed to lead acetate. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were distributed into eight groups (n=8): Control (0.9% saline 0.1 ml/100g body weight- BW), EDTA (150 mg/Kg BW), CV 50 (50 mg/Kg BW), CV 250 (250 mg/Kg BW), Pb (250 mg/Kg BW), Pb (250 mg/Kg BW) plus EDTA (150 mg/Kg BW), Pb (250 mg/Kg BW) plus CV 50 (50 mg/Kg BW) and Pb (250 mg/Kg BW) plus CV 250 (250 mg/Kg BW). The treatment was done once a week, for 8 weeks by gastric gavage. Bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical properties (maximum load, resilience and stiffness) of the femoral diaphysis and 5th lumbar vertebra were examined. The biomechanical properties of femurs were obtained by the three-points bending test and compression test for vertebrae, using a universal test machine Instron, model 4444. Bone MMP-2 activitie was measured by gelatin zymography. Concentrations of lead and zinc in whole blood and lead, zinc, calcium and magnesium in the left femur and 4th lumbar vertebra were determined by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). Exposure to 250 mg/kg BW of Pb caused significant reduction of maximum load, stiffness and resilience indicating the ability of this element to damage the quality of bone tissue. In the 5th lumbar vertebrae, exposure to Pb caused significant reduction of bone mineral density. The treatment with Chlorella vulgaris (50 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/Kg BW) and EDTA (150 mg/Kg BW) during Pb exposure prevented the weakening of the bone strength. In the 5th lumbar vertebrae, the CV and EDTA prevented the reduction of bone mineral density due to Pb. The pro, intermediate and active MMP-2 activity in bone of animals exposed to lead showed a significant increase compared to control. The CV 50 administration in animals exposed to lead reduced the activity of MMP-2 isoforms in their pro, intermediate and active levels compared to control group. The exposure to Pb resulted in an increase of the blood concentration of this heavy metal and its accumulation in the liver, kidney, brain and bone concentration. The CV and EDTA reduced blood lead concentrations, leading to reduction of lead concentration in liver, kidney, brain and bone. These findings seem to indicate that treatment with Chlorella vulgaris and EDTA during exposure to Pb may be beneficial for the skeleton of subjects chronically exposed to Pb.
Um método para construção de distribuições de probabilidades do tipo contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10) Bereta, Estela Maris Pereira; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7852223448948817
Sistemas nanoestruturados condutores baseados em nanocompósitos poliméricos condutores e mantas eletrofiadas condutoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-10) Silva, Aline Bruna da; Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6539169612758835
In this work its was investigated the influence of the processing on the electrical and dielectric properties of nanostructured polymeric systems obtained by differents techniques. The morphology and structure of the materials were correlated to their percolation threshold by applying the percolation theory. The systems studied were: i) conductive blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with polypyrrole (PPy), PVDF/ multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites and PVDF/PPy/MWCNT hybrid systems, produced by melt mixing; ii) PVDF/ copper nanowires (CuNW) and MWCNT/PVDF nanocomposites produced by miscible solvent mixing and precipitation methods (MSMP); iii) nanofibers of nanocomposites of PA6/MWCNT, PVDF/MWCNT and PVDF/CuNW and from blends of PA6/ poly(aniline) (PAni) doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid (TSA), by electrospinning. For the systems produced by melt mixing the percolation thresholds were 10 and 0.3 wt %, for PVDF/PPy and PVDF/MWCNT, respectively, while the hybrid systems showed lower percolation thresholds and much higher electrical conductivities at all concentrations than the binary systems. For the systems produced by MSMP method the percolation thresholds were 0.13 and 0.29 v%, for the MWCNT/PVDF and CuNW/PVDF nanocomposites, respectively. It was observed also that the CuNW/PVDF nanocomposites had the highest real permittivity combined with a low dissipation factor (tan ). The non woven mats obtained by electrospinning presented insulating behavior. However, to take advantage of the high surface area and porosity of the mats the surface of the nanofibers were recovered with MWCNT by dipping the mats in an aqueous solution with MWCNT. A strong interaction between the MWNTs and the nanofibers was observed: even after ultrasonication, the adsorbed MWCNT remained attached to the surface of the nanofibers´ mats. After the treatment the mats displayed conductivities between 10-5 and 10-2 S/m.