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Dinâmica e estrutura da comunidade procarionte da represa de Itupararanga - bacia do Rio Sorocaba - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-17)
Soares, Laís Américo
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Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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Falco, Patrícia Bortoletto de
This work aimed to quantifier the archaeal and bacterial communities by real time PCR, that shown the number of copies of 16S gene, rDNA into the water samples and to compare the archaeal and bacterial profiles on the PCR/DGGE technique as well as relate them with environmental variables in two points, dam and input on the Itupararanga reservoir, Sorocaba s basin. The bacterial density on the sediment (6,09 x108 e 2,56 x 109, dam and input, respectively) was more than water column (6,79 x 107 e 6,55 x 107, dam and input, respectively) this can be attributed to increase of the nutrients concentration from the surface to bottom. The bacterial (6,09 x 108 e 2,56 x 109 dam and input, respectively ) and archaeal (2,31 x 102 e 4,49 x 102 dam and input, respectively) quantities on the reservoir were more in the water column than in the sediment, which can be caused by the higher nutrients concentration in the top and the lees nutrients concentration in the bottom of Itupararanga reservoir. Since the canonical correspondence analysis has been possible, identify that the archaeal community has correlated with profundity and ammonia concentration suggesting ammonia oxidizing archaea s presence and abundance. The bacterial community quantity has correlated with physical chemical properties like pH and dissolved oxygen suggesting the environmental variables influence the group s abundance. Richness has correlated with nutrients distribution like orthophosphate concentration suggesting that the resources may limit the communities.
Modelos e algoritmos para problemas integrados de roteamento e carregamento de veículos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-17)
Junqueira, Leonardo
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2179657609596194
The object of this study are combined problems of the Vehicle Routing Problem and the Container Loading Problem, recently addressed as Integrated Vehicle Routing and Loading Problems. In these problems, the objective is to optimize simultaneously the planning of the vehicles routes and the arrangement of the cargo inside them, while considering a series of practical constraints from both vehicle routing and container loading. The objectives of this study are: (i) to study the integration between the Vehicle Routing Problem and the Container Loading Problem; (ii) to develop mathematical programming models to represent Integrated Vehicle Routing and Loading Problems; (iii) to develop and implement heuristics and metaheuristics to solve some of these problems; (iv) to analyze and compare the performance of the proposed models, by means of modeling languages and optimization solvers, as well as the heuristic methods, when solving instances from the literature and real-world situations. Besides being hard and relatively less studied problems, the main reason for this study is that with effective solution methods for optimizing the vehicle routing and the cargo loading, operational and tactical decisions could be made with more reliability, accuracy, quickness and with less uncertainty in real situations, besides of an improved use of the staff tasked to load and unload the cargo. On the other hand, these methods can also be usefull to reduce fixed and variable costs in a company that might use them. Computational experiments with some of the proposed models were performed with an optimization software and randomly generated instances. The results show that the models are consistent and properly represent the practical situations treated, although this approach (in its current version) is limited to solve to optimality only problems of moderate size, that is, situations with few customers, few vehicles, and mainly with a relatively reduced number of possible positions to load the boxes. This has motivated the development of heuristic and metaheuristic methods to solve more realistic vehicle routing and loading problems. The algorithms are based on the combination of classical heuristics from both the vehicle routing and container loading literatures, as well as two metaheuristic strategies, and their use in more elaborate procedures. Although these approaches cannot assure optimal solutions for the respective problems, they are relatively simple, fast enough to solve real instances, flexible enough to include practical considerations, and normally assure relatively good solutions in acceptable computational times in practice. Computational experiments were performed with these methods considering instances based on the vehicle routing literature and actual customers orders, as well as instances based on a real-world situation where the problem occurs.
Controle da ingestão de água e sódio pelos mecanismos adrenérgicos do núcleo parabraquial lateral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-17)
Gasparini, Silvia
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1284209984441589
The activation of α2-adrenoceptors with noradrenaline injected into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) increases 1.8% NaCl intake in rats treated with the diuretic furosemide (FURO) combined with low dose of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (CAP) subcutaneously (s.c.). In addition, noradrenaline injected into the LPBN increases arterial pressure and decreases water intake. In the present study, one of the objectives was to investigate the neural mechanisms activated by noradrenaline injected into the LPBN to produce pressor responses and the influence of the pressor response elicited by noradrenaline injected into the LPBN on FURO + CAP-induced water and 1.8% NaCl intake in rats. Male Holtzman rats with bilateral stainless steel guide-cannulas implanted into LPBN were used. Injections of noradrenaline (40 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN increased FURO + CAP-induced 1.8% NaCl intake (12.2 ± 3.5, vs., saline: 4.2 ± 0.8 ml/180 min), reduced water intake in the first 90 min of the test (10.5 ± 0.9 vs., saline 7 ± 1.5 ml/90 min) and strongly increased arterial pressure (50 ± 7, vs. saline: 1 ± 1 mmHg). Results from the present work also showed that unilateral or bilateral noradrenaline injections (20 nmol/0.2 μl) into LPBL or in misplaced areas produced a pressure response (43.3 ± 6.4; 41 ± 7 respectively vs., saline: 2.5 ± 2.5 mmHg) and bradycardia (-51 ± 12; -82 ± 15 respectively vs., saline 6 ± 3.6 bpm) suggesting that noradrenaline pressure responses do not depend specifically on LPBN injections. The blockade of the α1 adrenoceptors with prazosin injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) abolished the pressor response (9 ± 4 vs., saline: 1 ± 1 mmHg) and increased water (17 ± 2 ml/180 min) and 1.8% NaCl intake (21.8 ± 3.8 vs., saline: 4.2 ± 0.8 ml/180), respectively in rats treated with FURO + CAP combined with noradrenaline injected into the LPBN. Although prazosin i.p. reduced the pressor response, the sympathetic blockade with hexamethonium combined with vasopressin receptor blockade increased the pressor response to noradrenaline injected into the LPBN (88 ± 30 vs., noradrenaline response before the blockade: 51 ± 4 mmHg), suggesting that these mechanisms are not involved in the pressor response. The results suggest that the pressor response reduces FURO + CAP-induced water intake and the facilitation of NaCl intake produced by noradrenaline injected into the LPBN. The present study also used licking microstructure analysis to draw conclusions about the effects of LPBN noradrenaline on orosensory and postingestive signals that modify intake. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used and treated with FURO+CAP before saline or noradrenaline was injected bilaterally into the LPBN. Noradrenaline (40 nmol/0.2μl) increased NaCl intake (8.3 ± 0.7 vs. saline 4 ± 0.4 ml) and the number of licks 15-30 into the test (439.1 ± 167.4 vs. saline 60.2 ± 35.2) and number of bursts (11.2 ± 5.8 vs. saline 1.9 ± 0.9) for NaCl in the same period. Pre-treatment with prazosin i.p. (1mg/kg of body weight) increased NaCl intake (13.4 ± 0.8 ml), the number of licks/bin between 45 and 90 min into the test (274.1± 91.4), the number of bursts/bin 30-60 min into the test (13.4 ± 9.0) and also by burst size 45 min into the test (41 ± 11 vs. saline 0 ± 0). Prazosin also further increased water intake (10.4 ± 0.6 vs. saline 7.1± 0.5) and the number of bursts between 30 and 60 min into the test (7.7 ± 2.8 vs. saline 0 ± 0). However, injections that did not reach the LPBN, though not produce an effect on total intake of sodium and water in animals treated with FURO + CAP, when combined with prazosin i.p. also produced similar effects on microstructural analysis of licking and caused an increase in the number of licks/bin and bursts/bin for NaCl, suggesting a non specificity of noradrenaline in the LPBN combined with prazosin i.p. on microstructural analysis of licks. In order to evaluate the effects of activation of α2-adrenergic LPBN receptors without the interference of the pressor response on postingestive and orosensory signals, lick analysis for water and 1.8% NaCl was measured in male Sprague Dawley rats that were treated with FURO + CAP and given vehicle or moxonidine injections into the LPBN. Bilateral injections of moxonidine (0.5 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN increased FURO + CAP-induced total 1.8% NaCl intake (29.7 ± 7 vs. vehicle 4 ± 0.4 ml) and the number of licks/bin from 15 to 60 min (737 ± 267 vs. vehicle 0.0 ± 0.0 at 60 min). Moxonidine injections also increased the number of bursts/bin (36 ± 7 vs. vehicle 0 ± 0) number of licks/burst for 1.8% (26.5773 ± 8.1600 vs. vehicle 0 ± 0 at 60 minutes of the test). The results suggest that moxonidine into LPBN is affecting orosensory and postingestive signals for sodium intake. A stimulus that produces water intake and pressor response, but no hypertonic NaCl intake is the cholinergic stimulation with pilocarpine injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) or carbachol i.c.v. In this work it was also investigated whether the pressor response both pilocarpine i.p. as noradrenaline in the LPBN affects water and 1.8% NaCl intake induced by cholinergic activation. Further, it was investigated the effects moxonidine injections, an α2- adrenergic/imidazoline agonist, on water and 1.8% NaCl intake and the pressor response produced by pilocarpine i.p. Male Holtzman rats with bilateral stainless steel guide-cannulas implanted into LPBN were used. Pilocarpine (1 mg/kg) injected i.p. induced water intake (2.9 ± 0.3 ml/180 min), without affecting 0.3 M NaCl intake (0.5 ± 0.3 ml/180 min). Bilateral injections of noradrenaline (80 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN combined with prazosin i.p. (1 mg/kg) increased pilocarpine i.p. induced water intake (6.3 ±1.7 ml/180 min) and 1.8% NaCl intake (14.7 ± 3.5 ml/180 min). LPBN noradrenaline injections combined with saline i.p. did not affect 1.8% NaCl (0.8 ±2.4 ml/180 min) and decreased water intake (0.8 ± 0.3 ml/180 min) induced by pilocarpine i.p. Prazosin i.p. did not modify 1.8% NaCl (4.8 ± 3.6 ml/180 min) or water intake (0.5 ± 0.3 ml/180 min) in rats treated with pilocarpine i.p. combined saline into the LPBN. Moreover, prazosin i.p. blocked the pressure response produced by noradrenaline injections into LPBN and also by pilocarpine i.p. (22 ± 4 vs., noradrenaline pressure response before saline i.p.: 60 ± 4 mmHg). In the present study, it was also observed that bilateral injections of moxonidine (0.5 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN combined with pilocarpine i.p. induced 1.8% NaCl intake (14.1 ± 5.5 ml/180 min, vs. vehicle LPBN: 0.8 ± 0.5 ml/180 min) but did not change water intake (7.6 ± 3.1 ml/180 min, vs. vehicle LPBN 3.8 ± 0.7 ml/180 min) or pressure response produced by pilocarpine i.p. (30 ± 3 mmHg, vs., control: 28 ± 5 mmHg). The results suggest that strong cholinergic-induced sodium intake arises when the inhibitory mechanisms are deactivated with noradrenaline injected into the LPBN combined with the blockade of pressor responses with prazosin i.p. or moxonidine into LPBN. As pilocarpine i.p., i.c.v. injections of carbachol cause an increase in blood pressure, produce a dipsogenic response, but no intake of 1.8% NaCl. However, the present results show that noradrenaline injections into LPBN combined with prazosin i.p. did not alter water intake (8.1 ± 2.4 vs., i.p. saline LPBN 9.4 ± 4.8 ml/180 min), but produced an increase in 1.8% NaCl intake (8.2 ± 3.9 vs., saline LPBN 1.9 ± 0.8 ml/180 min) induced by carbachol (4 nmol/1 μ) i.c.v. Further, it was possible to observe that prazosin was able to reduce noradrenaline pressure response (15 ± 7 vs., noradrenaline pressure response before saline i.p.: 50 ± 9 mmHg) injected into LPBL but it did not change carbachol i.c.v. pressure response (28 ± 6 vs., vs., carbachol pressure response before saline i.p.: 25 ± 6 mmHg). The results suggests LPBN blockade and probably, pressure response associated with cholinergic activation induces sodium intake. Therefore, the present results suggest that besides inducing water intake, cholinergic stimuli also stimulate sodium intake when the inhibitory mechanisms are blocked by α2 adrenergic receptor activation in the LPBN. The activation of the α2 adrenergic receptor in the LPBN might remove, at least partially, baroreceptor and/or cardiopulmonary signals and orosensory or postingestive signals, such as signals from oral receptors, stomach, liver and intestine receptors, that might influence on water and sodium intake, which causes an increase in sodium intake. However, the inhibitory action of the increase in arterial pressure is still present, at least partially, after the blockade of the α2 adrenergic receptors in the LPBN, as suggested by the facilitation of water and sodium intake after the treatment with prazosin.
Um processo dirigido a modelos para geração de código
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-17)
Papotti, Paulo Eduardo
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1299257200519750
Software development is an activity in constant change over time. Given the complexity and high cost that exists in software construction, there is high demand, especially in the software industries, for methodologies and tools that enable to increase software productivity by spending less time and effort in its development. Among the challenges that exist in Software Engineering, there is a need in knowing and exploring techniques and tools that enable to increase productivity and maintai software quality. Approaches related to model-driven development can be used as a starting point for modeling and to specify the requirements of a software system. Models provide a representation with higher level of abstraction of system design and assist to understand the system. Through the execution of model-to-code transformation mechanisms, implementation artifacts for different technologies can be generated based on data extracted and interpreted from models. Furthermore, reflexive metaprogramming is a technique that can be used to complement the code generation performed by model-to-code transformations, automating most of tasks of developers, such as CRUD (Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete) functionalities, freeing them to perform more important tasks in development process. Therefore, this research proposes a software process to guide professionals in developing applications using such techniques to accomplish code generation, in order to increase software productivity and facilitate maintenance.
Política antitruste e sua consistência: uma análise das decisões do Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência relativas aos Atos de Concentração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-20)
Cardoso, Diego Soares
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Pitelli, Mariusa Momenti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2810339285129049
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5696223328107305
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Figueiredo, Adelson Martins
The goal of competition policy, also known as antitrust policy, is promoting the welfare and economic efficiency by preserving fair competition in markets. Merger control is one of the main responsibilities of antitrust institutions. Prohibitions and restrictions of merger operations affect market structures, thus making these decisions relevant to economic agents. This Master's thesis analyzes the decisions made by Brazilian antitrust institutions regarding merger processes. Data was collected from public documents issued from 2004 to 2011. Bivariate analysis, discrete choice models and classification decision trees show that these merger control decisions are consistent with Brazilian antitrust law. Consistent competition policy reduces uncertainty, aligns expectations and increases the efficiency of antitrust law enforcement. Therefore, this research contributes to better understanding Brazilian competition policy related to merger control and its decision drivers.
Preparação e estudo de filmes automontados de quitosana e carboximetilcelulose sobre substrato de poli(ácido lático)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-20)
Santos, Franciele Nicole dos
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
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Carvalho, Antonio José Felix de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5050955206618507
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films has been used in several different areas such as packaging and for innumerous medical uses. The modification of these films with the goal of providing new features, such as resistance to growth of fungi and bacteria, presents great potential of application. In this work was studied the formation of thin films produced by the self-assembly process known as layer-by-layer (LbL) of two polysaccharides, one cationic and one anionic, respectively, chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on PLA substrates. The films were firstly assembled on glass substrate and silicon in order to determine the optimal conditions of deposition. PLA films substrates were used without and with surface modification from ultraviolet light exposure. The purpose of the surface modification was to produce ionizable groups, such as carboxylates, on the film surface of the PLA film to improve the anchoring of the LbL film. It were produced films with 5, 10, 15 and 20 bilayers. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), quartz microbalance and optical microscopy. The modification of PLA films was monitored by FTIR measurements and contact angle measurements. The uniformity of the LbL films was satisfactory, with increasing roughness of the order of 20 nm at each bilayer. It was observed a linear growth with bilayers increasing at a rate of approximately 80 nm of thickness per bilayer. The process of surface modification of films with UV light was effective, however it was found difficulty in controlling the process, which also causes the degradation of the film. The proposed process for the production of hybrid films PLA/LbL-chitosan/CMC proved to be very effective and promising for PLA functionalization.
Síntese de triazóis e análise estrutural de compostos organocalcogenetos triazólicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-20)
Camargo, Leandro Renato Simon de
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Schpector, Júlio Zukerman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6728256119645842
In this study, we developed a synthetic route for obtaining new class of 1,2,3- triazole compounds. In the synthesis of these compounds were used flexible and modular methodologies, allowing to obtain a large number of compounds with a wide structural diversity. The triazoles were obtained from different saccharides and steroids which were applied as building blocks to prepare a small library of Saponins and digitalis analogues. In the sequence we performed a structural study by x-ray diffraction of series orgonacalcogen 1,2,3-triazole compounds and azide derived from cholesterol, and the interactions that contribute to their supramolecular structures.
Uma abordagem dirigida por modelos para portabilidade entre plataformas de computação em nuvem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-20)
Silva, Elias Adriano Nogueira da
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Lucrédio, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9090396559596221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4308415735190907
Cloud Computing has potential to revolutionize way that systems are developed and marketed. Among several research gaps related to this new model is the Lock-In. The Lock-In is the difficulty on migrating data and applications from a cloud platform to another. The lack of standardization, as well as other reasons, are causing the problem. This work presents a model-driven(MDE) approach for portability of applications between cloud platforms. With MDE software engineers can work at a high level of abstraction freeing themselves from repetitive tasks related to software implementation and specific details of cloud platforms. Besides portability, MDE brings additional benefits related to traditional software development approaches. The approach presented in this work, basically consists of a DSL and a set of automated transformations for two known cloud platforms Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure. The approach allows the development of cloud applications on a high abstraction level, showing that despite being simple, the elements of the approach are enough to generate many cloud applications, as well as facilitates its development. The evaluation confirms the benefits provided by MDE technologies.
Escola, juventude e violência: um estudo no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-20)
Tigre, Maria das Graças do Espirito Santo
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4115848842967360
The main theme of this study is the school environment, youth and violence. Its purpose was to investigate violence in, to and from school, by examining the interpersonal relationships which there occur, trying to capture the student s perception about the issue, as one who practices it, is subjected to it or simply observes it; which forms of violence are repeatedly practiced and suffered by young-adolescent at school and what motivates them to practice such acts, as well as which representations they have about the school as an institution, and particularly high school. A quantitative-qualitative approach was used in this investigation in an interpretative perspective. The research was done in three different phases. As data collection tools, questionnaires, focal group and interviews were used. The subject of the research were adolescent students who went to state funded high schools. The data were collected in 2011 when there were 9678 adolescents from 23 different schools. During the first phase of the research, a representative sample was surveyed and 428 questionnaires were applied to adolescents from nine schools from different regions of the city. During the second phase, two focal groups were assembled. Each group had two meetings, in which twelve subjects took part. In the third and last phase, nine young-adolescents were throroughly interviewed who had already been involved (suffered or practiced) in any violence situation in the school context. Parallelly, a theoretical reference was developed to delimit the analysis of the results found. The investigation revealed that the most recurring violence forms suffered by the subjects were: lack of respect, verbal aggression and dirty tricks. They practiced: verbal aggression, lack of respect and physical aggression. They witnessed: physical aggression among students, threats/intimidation and vandalism. The classroom is the main scenery where these incidents take place with or without the presence of the teacher, being the teacher the last person the usually students resort to when they either suffer or witness violent situations, which suggests that the dynamics in these sceneries can be the origin of great part of the violence manifested at schools. Most assaults have frivolous trivial causes: gossip, jealousy of boyfriend/girlfriend, insult, bumping into each other, incompatibility, dirty tricks, dirty looks and mutual offense. The pedagogical school staff faces violence in a bureaucratic way, through warnings and registration in proceeding books, or by calling the school police patrol. However, there are not any violence preventive programs. Students suggest dialogue as a way to manage conflicts, however, institutional channels to deal with the issue do not exist. Violence at school has a direct impact on the teaching-learning process and can be interpreted as an attempt to restore or conquer what the lack of dialogue and reasoning were not able to solve and it becomes the first resource to be used by the aggressor or as a last paradigm. The disrespect towards the teacher as an authority is intimately related to not fulfilling the implicit agreement to the pedagogic relation. We concluded that the school has to worry about supplying the young-adolescents proper standards of interaction and sociability and trod the path of reinstitutionalization.
As relações de substituição entre cadernetas de poupança e fundos de investimento.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-21)
Silva, Maria Aparecida Lucas da
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Oliveira, Maria Aparecida Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3455553543736709
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7047594664712589
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Cruz Júnior, José César
This thesis aims to investigate the relations of substitution between Saving Accounts and DI Funds during the period of December 2004 and December 2012. The Brazilian basic interest rate SELIC rate has reduced over 10 percentage points during this period. Such a downward movement affected the returns on financial assets, i.e., their "prices", defined as opportunity costs in relation to the SELIC rate. The hypothesis is that substitution relationship between Saving Accounts and DI Funds have changed over time due to different levels of SELIC rate prevailing during the analyzed period. The dual approach and the nonlinear seemingly unrelated equations model (INSUR model) are used to estimate the demands via Translog functional form. Morishima elasticities of substitution are calculated in seven points of the sample in order to measure the substitution effect over the time and to evaluate possible asymmetry of elasticities. The results confirm the hypothesis that different levels of SELIC have engendered different patterns of relations of substitution between the analyzed assets. The conclusion is that the anew relations of substitution have expanded the role of Saving Accounts as instrument of private savings over DI Funds.
Análise etofarmacológica de um novo teste de interação presa-predador : o teste de exposição ao rato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-23)
Campos, Kelciane Caetano Ferreira de
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Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8540103067672155
The rat exposure test (RET) is a new ethological model of predator-prey with interactions between the rat and the mouse. The RET allows the expression of defensive behaviors in the prey. The experimental apparatus is constituted by an exposure chamber divided into two equal-sized compartments (the surface and the predator compartment) by a wire mesh screen. Although previous studies have used the RET as an animal test of anxiety, there are not reports in literature showing which emotional dimensions the test elicits in the mouse. Yet, it remains to be investigated the predictive validity of the RET. Therefore, this study sought to identify distinct emotional dimensions through the factorial analysis of the behavioral measures exhibited by mice in the RET. In addition, we investigated the effects of pro- and antiaversive drugs on behavior of mice exposed to this ethologically based test. The factorial analysis showed (i) a component of locomotor activity, expressed by the frequency of entries into the three compartments; (ii) that the behavioral measures displayed in home chamber and tunnel loaded on the same factor, suggesting that represent similar emotional profile, and therefore they were grouped into the protected compartment, differing from those displayed in the surface (unprotected compartment) and (iii) a component to assess defensive behavior [time spent in the protected area and risk assessment (e.g., stretched attend postures) in the protected area]. The pharmacological validation of the RET was carried out by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of drugs acting at GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex (diazepam and alprazolam), serotonin system (buspirone, 8-OHDPAT, SDZ SER 082 and MK-212), caffeine and yohimbine, as well as with acute and chronic (21 days) treatment with antidepressants (fluoxetine and imipramine). Interestingly, while alprazolam and fluoxetine (chronic) attenuated the defensive behavior, caffeine and fluoxetine (acute) facilitated the exhibition of defensive behaviors in mice exposed to the rat. Based on the anti-aversive effects observed with the potent benzodiazepine agonist alprazolam and with the antidepressant fluoxetine (chronic), the RET seems to be a useful test to evaluate the effects of drugs commonly used in the treatment of panic disorder.
Determinação da força de adesão através da técnica centrífuga entre partículas e membranas filtrantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-23)
Almeida, Alcione Francisco de
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0704247858417447
The study of micrometric and nanometric particle adhesion to surfaces have excelled in various technological fields. The adhesion has a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry, food, in the pneumatic conveying of materials in the manufacture of semiconductors, in the formation of aerosol, in painting, as well as environmental pollution and industrial hygiene. These studies are progressing to get a greater insight into the adhesion force between particles and surfaces. The main objective of this work is to check the influence of particle size of organic particulate material with the determination of the force adhesion between these particles and a substrate of organic origin. The substrates used were the filters ester-cellulose membranes, varying the porosity in 0.2 μm, 0.4 μm and 0.8 μm. The particulate material: activated coal and soot, varying the diameter of 11.1 -17 μm, 17.1-23 μm and 23.1-29 μm. To get the value of the adhesion force, was used the centrifuge technique, in which the adhesion force is equal in magnitude, but with the opposite sign to the centrifugal force required to detach the particles of the substrate. To obtain experimental data by centrifugal technique varied angular speeds of compression: 1000, 2000 and 5000rpm for angular speeds of detachment: 1000, 3000, 5000, 7000, 9000, 11000, 13000 and 14000rpm, using a microcentrifugal (MA -860, Marconi equipment) whose maximum speed rotation is of 14000rpm. The analysis of each system particulate material/ ester-cellulose membrane was made using an image analysis program (Image-Pro Plus 7.0), in order to verify the behavior of the particles attached to the substrate, through of the detachment of these particles after application of angular speed of compression and detachment. On data obtained by image analysis it was possible to determine the adhesion force between particles and the substrates, apresenting a profile log-normal percentage of adhered particles on adhesion force. For each systems analyzed particulate material/ester-cellulose membrane was the direct influence of variation of angular speed of compression (press-on) on the strength of adhesion, being possible to observe that the average diameter of the particles of particulate materials influence on surface membranes and detachment that the porosity of the surface of ester-cellulose membranes also influence the determination of the adhesion force. And, as a result of these analyses, it was possible to make a comparison between the experimental data and models of literature.
Análise proteômica diferencial de proteínas superficiais da membrana de Xanthomonas spp. em interação com hospedeiro cítrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-24)
Carnielli, Carolina Moretto
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Novo-Mansur, Maria Teresa Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1198926223396748
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8102669086332844
The citrus canker is an economically important disease for citrus crop. At the moment, there is no effective means of prevention or cure for this disease, which has contributed to citrus canker wide distribution around the world. The etiologic agents are bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas classified into two species, X. citri and X. fuscans. This study aimed to perform the differential proteomic analysis of cell surface proteins of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (XAC), the more virulent specie, between infectious (in vivo) and non-infectious (in vitro) conditions of growth. Additionally, the same analysis was performed by shotgun for XAC against the Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii type B (XauB), less virulent specie, both after growth in vivo. Initially, we performed growth curves of both bacteria on leaves of a common citrus host (Citrus aurantifolia) in order to investigate the dynamics of population growth in vivo and the efficiency of cell recovery by two different methods. For proteomic analysis, intact bacterial cells had their surface proteins labeled with fluorescence (DIGE CyDye Fluor minimal dyes), were then lysed and the total protein extract analyzed by differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), as standardized in this study. Protein profiles were analyzed by DeCyder 7.0 software and spots differentially expressed (ANOVA p <0.05) were isolated from gels, identified by mass spectrometry and search in protein databases of the annotated genome sequence of the bacteria. Seventy-nine spots from XAC were analyzed and thirty different proteins were identified, of which 10 correspond to known membrane or cell surface proteins: Ton-B dependent receptors and OmpA-related proteins exhibited lower expression in infectious condition, differently of Ferric enterobactin receptors, 60 kDa chaperonin (GroEL) and DnaK which showed higher expression after host interaction. XAC and XauB total extraction analysis by shotgun identified just two XAC proteins. Cell surface proteins with increased in vivo expression in virulent strain (XAC) could provide future targets of biotechnological interest for fighting citrus canker for being possibly related to phytopathogenicity and/or host spectrum.
Reconhecimento de gestos da Língua Brasileira de Sinais através de máquinas de vetores de suporte e campos aleatórios condicionais ocultos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-24)
Souza, César Roberto de
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Pizzolato, Ednaldo Brigante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2821982735490884
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2913925874705853
This work investigates the use of Support Vector Machines and Hidden Conditional Random Fields in the recognition of signs from the Brazilian Sign Language (Língua Brasileira de Sinais, Libras). Employing basic concepts from Vapnik’s Statistical Learning Theory, the gesture recognition problem is cast as a supervised learning problem defined over images and image streams, avoiding the inherent ill-conditioning present in many density estimation problems through the use of discriminative classification models. From linguistic studies on the structural formation of the Libras sign, a two-layer recognition architecture has been created to operate over features extracted from depth images captured through a depth sensor. This work utilizes quantitative approaches for performance assessment, performing comparisons through contingency tables and statistical hypothesis tests; revealing statistically significant results favoring the aforementioned choice of classification models. Results have shown how the multiclass SVMs organized in Directed Acyclic Graphs provided a needed balance between efficiency and accuracy in the classification of the sub-lexical structures of the Libras, whereas Hidden Conditional Random Fields boosted the system’s recognition rates without for this sacrificing its generalization for unobserved instances.
Propriedades de armazenagem de hidrogênio de materiais à base de magnésio e ferro preparados por moagem de alta energia e técnicas de deformação plástica severa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-24)
Asselli, Alexandre Augusto Cesario
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Botta Filho, Walter José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6693010062191246
In the doctoral research, the hydrogen storage properties of magnesiumiron based materials prepared by high energy ball milling and techniques of severe plastic deformation were studied. The materials were processed by ball milling under inert atmosphere and reactive milling under hydrogen pressure. The techniques of high pressure torsion, cold forging and rolling were used to prepare the materials in air. Several compositions of Mg and Fe reactants were used to study the behavior of hydrogen absorption and desorption of Mg2FeH6 and MgH2 based materials. The results showed that high energy ball milling was effective to synthesize Mg2FeH6, nevertheless, long milling times (> 12 h) were required and the sample were easily contaminated when exposed to air. Between the techniques of severe plastic deformation, the best results in terms of hydrogen absorption kinetics and capacity were achieved by cold rolling. These results were similar to the milled samples ones, however, cold rolling was carried out in air and with a processing time shorter than 1 minute. The formation mechanism of Mg2FeH6 was studied by measurements of hydrogen absorption kinetics and microstructural characterization through the techniques of X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These analyses allowed to determine that Mg2FeH6 was formed with a columnar morphology by a diffusional process during the hydrogen thermal absorption. The effects of the addition of expanded natural graphite were evaluated to the samples prepared by high energy ball milling and cold rolling. The data showed that the use of this additive resulted in faster kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the magnesium-iron based materials.
O leitor contemporâneo e a obra de Machado de Assis: uma análise discursiva da crítica amadora em blogs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-27)
Andretta, Pedro Ivo Silveira
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3233724936156088
In this study, we attempt to analyze the readings of a contemporary, peculiar community of Brazilian readers consisting of those who are at the same time new readers and new critics of Machado de Assis. To this end, our analysis investigated reviews posted by readers on their personal and/or public blogs, about works they read. We turn to French Discourse Analysis starting from its concern about the description and analysis of the forms of text production and interpretation, in particular, from its attention to constraints that act on each and every statement, as discussed in the oeuvre of Michel Foucault and Michel Pecheux. Additionally, we resort to Cultural History and to the notions of representation and appropriation, as presented by Roger Chartier in his works of historical viewpoint on the reader and reading. Such theories guided the analysis of a corpus consisting of blog posts dedicated to the review of classic works of Machado de Assis, namely "The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas", Dom Casmurro" and "Counselor Aires's Memoirs . Such reviews were produced and published between the years 2000 and 2010 by readers native to the digital age who, although occupying the position of apprentices with regard to commenting / criticizing literary works, assume the role of amateur critics" and post their comments based on their reading of those works. The analysis of this corpus seeks to raise some common traces of this reading community s profile that shares, among other characteristics, its relative familiarity with the world of production and circulation of texts on the Internet. More specifically, we seek those traits by analyzing the manner these readers formulate and lay down in their comments their reading of such works which, originally, where not aimed at them. The hypothesis that guided our investigation was that based on the Discourse Analysis assumption that every statement is regulated by a discursive order that operates at the moment of its production and interpretation, controlling it, limiting it it is prevented that anyone makes a statement, or interprets one, on his or her own terms. As it is proper, therefore, of the discursive functioning, those readers comments are generally governed by two orders of statement two sources of coercion that to some extent impose what and how to enunciate from this position of commentator of classic works of Brazilian literature. The first one concerns the regulation of these comments by the universe of authorized and prestigious criticism. The second relates to the constraints arising from the operation of the genres of digital origin, as the blog, and from the computer support itself. Those define specific ways to make a statement, given the new possibilities of production / circulation of texts (syncretic, brief, available / transmitted quickly and massively) and the audience to whom they are addressed. Thus, throughout this thesis we seek to note probable continuities and / or discontinuities in the discursive representations of the professional reader / critic and the amateur reader / critic of Brazilian canonical works of literature, with an emphasis on the characterization of the latter from the discourse analysis of what and how such works are commented. This analysis allowed us to confirm our hypothesis about these amateur readers / critics: producing a critical review appropriate to the medium and the genre of digital origin, those are presented in fairly autonomous, personal and even irreverent, desecrating ways about classics of literature. These do not match, thus, the style of official criticism. But, interestingly enough, such reader / critic says what he/she says, and in the way he/she says it, guided and limited by parameters of the latter order, as we will demonstrate.
Professores de ciências do ensino fundamental II frente à implantação do currículo do estado de São Paulo/2008
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-27)
Bortoletto-Santos, Rita de Cássia
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7317179543310078
The state of São Paulo lived in 2008 the implementation of a new curriculum on state elementary and middle schools. Investigate how science teachers respond to the guidelines, challenges and dilemmas that arise and how they were solved, especially in regard to content organization, objectives, methodology and evaluation, was the concern of this work. We adopted a qualitative approach to the delivery of research, using semi-structured interviews with eight science teachers. The interviews were evaluated from the perspective of content analysis, seeking to give voice to the agents of the curriculum. It starts with the discussion about curriculum, its aims as reproductive element of ideology and power, using the idea of teacher uniqueness as a counterpoint to this perspective. This work deepens the theoretical framework using the ideas of Sacristan, especially in regard to education as a mean to a nation‟s progress, the construction of the curriculum and the relationship between the formal curriculum and the actions of teachers. Among the results, it can be noted that although the curriculum intended to regulate the teacher's work, placing him as executor, they reacted using their own knowledge when applying adjustments to what was proposed in terms of content organization and suggested strategies for classes. The idea of state schools working as a network is supported by the research subjects, which at the same time feel uncomfortable when referring to the results of SARESP or to the control from the management team of the school. Although the curriculum is justifying pedagogy skills, this perspective is not identified by teachers who resent the difficulty of engaging students in the process and point to an increase in work preparation activities. The difficulty of working with the new arrangement points to a prior culture adopted in 1975 on the teaching of science. The results are important for the development of new Public Policy Education, including teachers in their preparation, because they are shaping the prescribed curriculum, making it reality; also, they are serving as element to discuss the role of creators and universities in the curriculum proposition and teacher training.
Agentes comunitários de saúde e sua concepção sobre família e violência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-27)
Giusto, Roselaine de Oliveira
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Brino, Rachel de Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2432812345580036
Coleópteros das famílias bostrichidae e curculionidae (Scolytinae) associados a Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Grisebach)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-27)
Pena, Rebeca Cristina
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Flechtmann, Carlos Alberto Hector
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3751581397164912
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7166478342984984
A study on the population behavior of insects of the order Coleoptera was performed, more precisely with the families Curculionidae (Scolytinae) and Bostrichidae, in a plantation of Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) Morton, a Malpighiaceae vine known as mariri. The liana, native from the Amazon region, is the component of the beverage Ayahuasca used by the indigenous tribes in the Amazon, and more recently by religious movements in Brazil and abroad. This plant is rich in β-carboline alkaloids, secondary compounds of interest in human medicine. The study was conducted in a plantation belonging to the Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal (UDV), in Campinas city, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The area consists of four sectors, two of which are in a more urbanized area, reforested with fruit trees. The other two sectors are in an area composed of forest fragments in different stages of succession. For this study, 32 flight intercept traps were used, eight in each sector, baited with ethanol, with weekly inspections during the period from February 12, 2010, to February 18, 2011. A total of 55 samples were collected, by means of which we determined the seasonal fluctuation of these beetles and attack patterns in the lianas. A total of 68 species were identified, where Scolytinae were the dominant group, with 90.2% of the species, followed by Bostrichidae with 9.4%, and Platypodinae, with 0.4%. No beetle was found alive inside the lianas during the study. The reforestated sectors, especially in the border region, were the most attacked by beetles. The attacks were concentrated in the lower part of the stems, and in lianas with larger diameter. The variety of liana named tucunacá was more attacked than the second variety, caupuri. A national survey in plantations of mariri was also performed, where beetles of the family Cerambicidae were also found.
Uma abordagem híbrida para a avaliação da experiência emocional de usuários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-28)
Xavier, Rogério Aparecido Campanari
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Almeida, Vânia Paula de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5904768897181890
The emotions triggered during the use of an interactive system are an important aspect of the user experience. It is known that the emotions affect attention, perception, memory, behavior, learning, purchasing decisions, among others. Methods for evaluating the emotions are based on users self-report or assessments by experts. However, users are not always able to verbally express, name, or choose something that represents their emotions. In addition, experts can also perform partial or inaccurate assessments about the emotional experience. Thus, providing the designer with an alternative way to assess emotions and their impact on emotional experience, considering both views, allows a more comprehensive assessment and, it is believed, can minimize the problems encountered by unilateral evaluations. This study developed a hybrid approach to evaluate the impact of emotions in the emotional experience of users in a context of interaction with computer systems that considered: (a) the different aspects of emotion: cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, behavioral tendencies, motor expressions and physiological responses, (b) different views including: users (the experience they communicate) and specialists (the experience they observe) and (c) assessments during and after the interaction time. The results of the pilot study suggest that the hybrid approach offers to the designer an alternative way of assessing the user`s emotional experience, through a collective analysis of the results obtained from the individual evaluations by experts and users, thus, leading to a more comprehensive assessment.