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Determinação da força de adesão através da técnica centrífuga entre partículas e membranas filtrantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-23) Almeida, Alcione Francisco de; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0704247858417447
The study of micrometric and nanometric particle adhesion to surfaces have excelled in various technological fields. The adhesion has a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry, food, in the pneumatic conveying of materials in the manufacture of semiconductors, in the formation of aerosol, in painting, as well as environmental pollution and industrial hygiene. These studies are progressing to get a greater insight into the adhesion force between particles and surfaces. The main objective of this work is to check the influence of particle size of organic particulate material with the determination of the force adhesion between these particles and a substrate of organic origin. The substrates used were the filters ester-cellulose membranes, varying the porosity in 0.2 μm, 0.4 μm and 0.8 μm. The particulate material: activated coal and soot, varying the diameter of 11.1 -17 μm, 17.1-23 μm and 23.1-29 μm. To get the value of the adhesion force, was used the centrifuge technique, in which the adhesion force is equal in magnitude, but with the opposite sign to the centrifugal force required to detach the particles of the substrate. To obtain experimental data by centrifugal technique varied angular speeds of compression: 1000, 2000 and 5000rpm for angular speeds of detachment: 1000, 3000, 5000, 7000, 9000, 11000, 13000 and 14000rpm, using a microcentrifugal (MA -860, Marconi equipment) whose maximum speed rotation is of 14000rpm. The analysis of each system particulate material/ ester-cellulose membrane was made using an image analysis program (Image-Pro Plus 7.0), in order to verify the behavior of the particles attached to the substrate, through of the detachment of these particles after application of angular speed of compression and detachment. On data obtained by image analysis it was possible to determine the adhesion force between particles and the substrates, apresenting a profile log-normal percentage of adhered particles on adhesion force. For each systems analyzed particulate material/ester-cellulose membrane was the direct influence of variation of angular speed of compression (press-on) on the strength of adhesion, being possible to observe that the average diameter of the particles of particulate materials influence on surface membranes and detachment that the porosity of the surface of ester-cellulose membranes also influence the determination of the adhesion force. And, as a result of these analyses, it was possible to make a comparison between the experimental data and models of literature.
Análise etofarmacológica de um novo teste de interação presa-predador : o teste de exposição ao rato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-05-23) Campos, Kelciane Caetano Ferreira de; Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8540103067672155
The rat exposure test (RET) is a new ethological model of predator-prey with interactions between the rat and the mouse. The RET allows the expression of defensive behaviors in the prey. The experimental apparatus is constituted by an exposure chamber divided into two equal-sized compartments (the surface and the predator compartment) by a wire mesh screen. Although previous studies have used the RET as an animal test of anxiety, there are not reports in literature showing which emotional dimensions the test elicits in the mouse. Yet, it remains to be investigated the predictive validity of the RET. Therefore, this study sought to identify distinct emotional dimensions through the factorial analysis of the behavioral measures exhibited by mice in the RET. In addition, we investigated the effects of pro- and antiaversive drugs on behavior of mice exposed to this ethologically based test. The factorial analysis showed (i) a component of locomotor activity, expressed by the frequency of entries into the three compartments; (ii) that the behavioral measures displayed in home chamber and tunnel loaded on the same factor, suggesting that represent similar emotional profile, and therefore they were grouped into the protected compartment, differing from those displayed in the surface (unprotected compartment) and (iii) a component to assess defensive behavior [time spent in the protected area and risk assessment (e.g., stretched attend postures) in the protected area]. The pharmacological validation of the RET was carried out by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of drugs acting at GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex (diazepam and alprazolam), serotonin system (buspirone, 8-OHDPAT, SDZ SER 082 and MK-212), caffeine and yohimbine, as well as with acute and chronic (21 days) treatment with antidepressants (fluoxetine and imipramine). Interestingly, while alprazolam and fluoxetine (chronic) attenuated the defensive behavior, caffeine and fluoxetine (acute) facilitated the exhibition of defensive behaviors in mice exposed to the rat. Based on the anti-aversive effects observed with the potent benzodiazepine agonist alprazolam and with the antidepressant fluoxetine (chronic), the RET seems to be a useful test to evaluate the effects of drugs commonly used in the treatment of panic disorder.