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O Senado e a política externa do governo do Partido dos Trabalhadores (2003-2012): a força do discurso parlamentar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-03)
Silva, Rodinei Tarciano
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9338984763837086
This research aims to analyze the Brazilian Senate s Foreign Affairs Committee (CRE) according to the Discursive Institutionalism and the Political Discourse theories. This discursive study have sought to verify whether the CRE actually has an important institutional and discursive role in foreign policy making, which is typically deemed to be a preponderant power of the Executive branch, letting little room for the Legislative branch. This thesis argues that Brazilian foreign policy is public policy such as any else, even though foreign policy has the unique feature of usually being negotiated overseas by the Executive branch before the domestic political negotiation due to constitutional and organizational reasons. The methods of institutional analysis are deployed under a discursive perspective in order to demonstrate that the Brazilian Congress and its standing committees were endowed with legislative means of discursive participation in the foreign policy making, and, also, are analyzed the speeches of the senators to show that even those discursive means are subject to political discourse favoring the expansion and the improvement of their own efficacy, which presents the senators as interested participants in the foreign policy discussion. The CRE s political discourse also shows that political parties are important in that discussion, and they are analyzed in an ideological dimension in a left-right continuum in foreign policy done in this work and in their position inside congressional coalition groups, government or opposition. The speeches in the committee are researched through Discursive Textual Analysis on ideological (right-left) cleavage and on congressional coalition (government-opposition) cleavage, on the programmatic ideas of the political parties and on the specific political ideas in the metatexts made from the speeches about foreign affairs. The main results are: the CRE s political discourse has an intrinsically party matter, in which the ideas of the senators reverberate their party programmatic ideas during their coordinative discourse (inside the political instance), the importance of the discursive function of the Senate and of the CRE is crucial for foreign policy making, and the Brazilian foreign policy towards leftist regimes in Latin America was the main issue causing dissent in the committee between 2003 and 2012.
Criação de filtros de imagens através da utilização de programação genética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-03)
Simões, Lucas Pauli
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Kato, Edilson Reis Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8517698122676145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2152866590946175
The techniques of computer vision have been used more and more by the industries in order to aid the automation of their processes; however, the implementation of computer vision techniques has several difficulties according with the application. Such techniques are limited to the computational cost along with its complexity. Problems of elements identification in industrial sceneries are examples of an application that can generate a larger complexity in the process automation. Researches are accomplished using several techniques for solving those difficulties. This work approaches the field of computer vision through the use of artificial intelligence techniques. Here, methods are evaluated for creation and replication of binary images filters through the use of the genetic programming with the objective of elements identification in an industrial scenery. Two methods that possess different approaches are evaluated; one uses operations between pixels and other mathematical morphology for objects detection. The results are presented qualitatively as well as quantitatively through comparative images of the evaluated methods and statistical measures, respectively. Through the GPLab toolbox together with Matlab, the automatic creation of filters for objects identification was possible, so the detection and deletion of elements in images can be used by other support systems to automatic operation in an industrial environment. The results established a efficient way of filter creation with the use of the genetic programming.
Avaliação dos efeitos neurotóxicos de cianotoxinas em cladóceros com ênfase na utilização de um biomarcador bioquímico para sua detecção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-03)
Freitas, Emanuela Cristina de
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8601993745082402
This thesis aimed to evaluate the use of cholinesterases (ChE) of the cladoceran species Pseudosida ramosa and Daphnia magna as a biochemical biomarker of the presence and effects of anatoxin-a(s) at different levels of biological organization (molecular, individual and population), besides the combined effects of the mixtures of the hepatotoxic (microcystins) and neurotoxic (anatoxin-a(s)) extracts in D. magna. A microplate assay was adapted and optimized for measuring the ChE activity of P. ramosa, in order to produce an assay protocol for this species. The analysis on the performance of ChE assays in P. ramosa showed that these are suitable for the quantifying of enzymatic activity in this species. P. ramosa showed to be an adequate alternative to the exotic cladoceran D. magna. Thus, it was proposed an assay protocol, which it meets the best combination of parameters for the using of ChE activity of P. ramosa as a biochemical biomarker. The ChE activity of P. ramosa and D. magna were specific for the indication of the presence of anatoxin-a(s), since no effect on the enzymatic activity of these species was observed when they were exposed to the microcystins. In the acute exposures (48-h) to the anatoxin-a(s) extract and to the paraoxon-methyl, P. ramosa was more sensitive than D. magna for ChE activity and survival endpoints. Also, P. ramosa was more sensitive than D. magna when exposed to the anatoxin-a(s) extract for 7 days. When the relationships between the ChE inhibition and individual and populational endpoints were evaluated, different responses were observed for the studied species. The ChE inhibition in P. ramosa had a very close relationship with the survival in the acute exposures to the anatoxin-a(s) extract and to the paraoxon-methyl. For D. magna, on the other hand, this relationship was not linear, being high levels of ChE inhibition associated with almost no mortality. The ChE activity in P. ramosa was also a good predictor of the chronic effects of anatoxin-a(s) extract at higher levels of biological organization, since ChE inhibition (48 h) was linearly linked to the sub-lethal effects on the reproduction (21 days) and on the population growth rate (21 days). For D. magna, these relationships could not be established, possibly due to species-specific differences in the affinities of both acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterases to the toxicants. Thus, for the using of ChE as a biochemical biomarker in the risk assessments of neurotoxic cyanobacteria blooms in tropical regions, it is recommended the use of native species, especially of P. ramosa, since the model species D. magna could overestimate the risk to the local species. When the effects of the mixtures of the hepatotoxic and neurotoxic extracts were evaluated on the survival and feeding rates of D. magna, additive and synergistic responses were only observed on the feeding rates. Therefore, since different types of cyanotoxins are found in the natural environments in combination, the risks of these toxins on the zooplanktonic community should be evaluated not only individually, but also as mixtures.
Sistema de recomendação para promoção de redes homófilas baseadas em valores culturais: observando o impacto das relações homofílicas na reciprocidade apoiada pela tecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-05)
Oliveira, Jônatas Leite de
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Anacleto, Junia Coutinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8285930755178912
Nowadays, with ICTs permeating social relations and work, it is necessary to understand how relationships influence the socially established professional dynamics in the workspace. One should also consider that the impact of social relationships on work supported by ICT. From the understanding of co-existing dependencies in social relationships of different natures as friendship and cooperation, and its expression in media technology, it can search the support of ICT in decision making and search for information to foundation of these decision making based the values of friendship and trust between individuals. This work is developed to this understanding of co-dependency, enabling develop future recommender systems based on trust. Based on the results of research on behavior at work and interpersonal relationships conducted in a community of health professionals in a hospital partner in this research, we analyze here the actions of reciprocity among professionals considering their social relationship. The research challenge is to understand the existing social structures in the community and identify whether these structures promote the practices of reciprocity in the workplace. This research discusses the relationship between the established social homophily (the tendency that two people who have similar values and experiences have to establish friendship) and reciprocity expressed in systems based on ICTs in the workplace. Applied to hospital staff, is observed as homophily between health professionals influence the reciprocity stimulation when has adopt ICTs in the workplace. The collected data are insufficient for conclusions on the co-dependencies, but indications point to be the target of future research. It was found that mostly of reciprocal pairs are homophilous, and that among these pairs there is a trend of pairs with greater degree of homophily present more intense reciprocity than pairs with lesser degrees of homophily.
Efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre o metabolismo lipídico, a inflamação e a morfometria do tecido adiposo de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-06)
Stotzer, Uliana Sbeguen
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3565451122415181
Visceral obesity is an important risk factor cardiovascular diseases. After menopause, fat distribution shifts to visceral depots leading to lipid metabolism disorders and chronic lowgrade inflammation. Resistance training (RT) has beneficial effects in postmenopausal women, but its effectiveness in normalizing visceral adipose tissue disorders is not well understood. To address this questions adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6 per group): sham-sedentary (SHAM), ovariectomized- sedentary (OVX), SHAM-trained (S-T), OVX-T. Sham or ovariectomy procedure was performed with 250 grams. Three weeks after the surgery, trained groups started 10 weeks of climbing in a 1.1-m vertical ladder with progressive load of 65%, 85%, 95% and 100% of rat s previous maximal overload. All animals were killed 92 days after being ovariectomized and trained animals were killed 48 hours after the last training session. Mesenteric, parametrial and subcutaneous adipose tissues were prepared for morphometric analyses in colidina and osmium tetroxide and part of mesenteric adipose tissue was stored for mRNA analyses by quantitative PCR. Resistance training prevented ovariectomy-induced higher body weight, food intake, feeding efficiency and mesenteric and subcutaneous, but not parametrial adipocyte area. In addition, RT avoided OVX-induced upregulation in the lipogenic genes PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c and its downstream targets SCD-1 and ACC gene expression. Further, RT increases the gene expression of mitochondrial β-oxidation enzyme CPT-1 in OVX rats. RT also prevented the chronic low-grade inflammation in OVX group, demonstrated by the presence of macrophage markers (F4/80 and CD11b), increase in activated Th1 cells (IFN-γ) and the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). RT additionally created an antiinflammatory (IL-10) environment. The present results reflect a powerful prophylactic effects of resistance training in preventing pathological effects of estrogen deficiency, both at physiological and molecular levels. Therefore, we suggest that this may be an advantageous low cost-effective treatment at post-menopausal phase, since appropriately prescribed.
Design de TICS para apoiar fisioterapeutas em um hospital de doenças mentais crônicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-06)
Silvestre, Rodrigo Gustavo
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Anacleto, Junia Coutinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9067981402877583
The use of computing technologies to support healthcare processes has already been used for decades. More recently, the natural user interfaces (NUI) has been used to assist these processes, especially in therapeutic treatments. The UNITY Project, in which this work is part of, aims to explore the adoption of NUI to support professionals working in a hospital that treats chronic mental illness. The specific problem that this research addresses is to identify how information and communication technologies can be used to support, naturally, the work routine of health professionals who work in long-term care of patients with chronic mental illness. During several months of field research activities involving researchers and health professionals were developed for design, using more traditional approaches in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) as participatory design and user-centered design, as well as more recent proposals such as design for appropriation. After a long iterative process and several rounds of prototyping, it was possible to design a digital system that allows health professionals to register, view and share information about their patients, thereby contributing to the creation of a digital record of the patients and the outcome and results of the treatments applied in them. The design process was centered in the health professional taking into consideration the information and features that support them in their work routine. Thus, results from this work was the beginning of an identification of a health care centered design model and the impact that this approach has on the final result arising from this process.
Avaliação do controle autonômico cardiovascular, do glicogênio muscular e de citocinas plasmáticas em ratos escolióticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-06)
Chingui, Luciano Júlio
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995311314853312
The anatomical alterations of spine have been researched in experimental and clinical studies. The present study focused the analysis on the three aspects. The scoliosis and the alterations on the metabolic profile of the paravertebral and pectoral muscles (study I), the scoliosis and stretching influence in the plasma citocines concentration (study II) and the status of cardiac autonomic function front the scoliosis implantation (study III). The three studies were performed with male rats, which were divided into different experimental groups, with a total n of 68 animals. For the scoliosis induction were applied a non-invasive model composed by vests made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). All data were expressed as mean ± epm. For the statistical analysis the Kolmogorov-Smirinov test was applied to investigate the normality of the data, whereas studies I and II were followed by the variance analysis ANOVA and Tukey post hoc (p<0,05), in the study III were used the Student-t test or the sum of rank in the Mann-Whitney test (p<0,05). In the first study were applied vests to the scoliotic group since the initial growth phase (post weaning) until the sixth week of growth, however in the studies II and III the vests application went up to the twelfth week. To the achievement of the first study the rats were divided into 2 experimental groups with n=6: control (C) and scoliotic (S). The outcomes from this study showed a reduction on the relation total protein/DNA, in the glycogen content and in the total weight of the scoliotic animals. This study established a homeostatic impairment of the pectoral and paravertebral muscles during the scoliosis induction process. In the second study the animals were distributed into 4 groups with n=8: control (C), stretched (S), scoliotic (SG) and stretched scoliotic (SS). The stretching consisted in 3 series of 30 seconds with 10 seconds of interval among the series. The results revealed an important increase in the concentration of IL-2, IL-6 and e TNF-α in the scoliotic group, whereas the intervention with stretching exercises could achieve a decrease of 4, 9 and 6% respectively on the concentration increase. These results suggest that the proposed model used to induce the scoliosis lead to a muscular disuse and the stretching has showed to be effective to minimize the deriving consequences of this disuse. In the third study the animals were divided into 2 groups again, control group (C, n=12) and scoliosis group (S, n=12). On this study the attention referred to possible alterations in the cardiovascular autonomic control system. Evaluations of heart rate variability, cardiac autonomic tonus and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. From these results was possible to certify that scoliosis causes an alteration in the autonomic control, being that the scoliotic group presented best sympathetic modulation, greater vagal tone and greater cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. The outcomes suggest that scoliosis promote alterations in the autonomic function of the cardiac system. In general, the results from this study demonstrated that the scoliotic animals have smaller glycogen reserves and lower ratios of total protein/DNA; higher concentration of the citocines IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, while the scoliotic and stretched rats have lower concentrations from the same citocines; referring to the autonomic modulation the scoliosis led to a higher total variance, greater sympathetic cardiac modulation, greater vagal tono and best baroreflex sensitivity proving a better condition in the cardiovascular autonomic function through the most part of the evaluated items in the scoliotic rats.
Avaliação crítica do processo de implementação e amadurecimento de um sistema de gestão da qualidade integrado BPL (Boas Práticas de Laboratório) e ISO/IEC 17025
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-07)
Prada, Patrícia Regina
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Venâncio, Tiago
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438399441102990
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6224327594380685
The tests and/or study laboratories have sought the implementation of Quality Management Systems (QMS) in order to obtain a differential, which is the greater reliability and acceptance of their results. The two main systems adopted in laboratories are the Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), which guidelines are defined in NIT-DICLA-035, and ISO/IEC 17025, according to NBR ISO/IEC 17025. Comparatively, the guidelines of both standards, in respect to the experimental stage of laboratory, have the same goal, to guarantee the quality of the results. The systems differ in that the ISO/IEC 17025 operates in the laboratory routine activities as a whole, in contrast GLP focus is to serve as a base to a study that is accomplished. An analysis of the elements of the standards shows that there is substantial overlap in both of the requirements, which makes it possible to maintain a single and integrated system. Thus, this paper aims to analyze critically the implementation and maturation process of an integrated QMS according to GLP and ISO/IEC 17025 implemented in a Laboratory that performs tests of pesticides and veterinary products residues using chromatography. The system implementation was done in stages, and the activities performed in each one were evaluated. The first step consisted in defining the quality assurance team. Next it was defined the work scope, followed by the steps: analysis of the similarities between the standards and structuring of a system; adaptation and elaboration of documentation to comply with the integrated system, with emphasis on the methods validation and uncertainty estimation procedures; training; audits; critical analysis meeting by management and finally organize the documentation for submission to INMETRO. During the implementation process it was conducted a survey among collaborators about the difficulties and benefits of the process. In addition, it was evaluated the time required to implement the system, the period to get the formal recognition and audit data, such as noncompliance highlighted and corrective actions taken. These data were compared with those obtained in Brazil and the USA laboratories.
Uma investigação sobre os instrumentos avaliativos de um curso de LE utilizando planejamento temático baseado em tarefas para professores pré-serviço de contexto adverso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-07)
Batocchio, Luciana Renata
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Barbirato, Rita de Cassia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4481206583608506
In this research we realize an investigation into the assessment process in a course of English Language using a thematic task-based planning for teachers pre-service of adverse context of a private college in the state of São Paulo, and check if there or not the compatibility of the assessment instruments and activities of teaching material - "A Short Historical Sketch of Britain" (Barbirato, 2005) with such planning principles, criteria and tasks definitions. Being aware that the evaluation process should understand the context researched in evaluative instruments that are consistent with the instruction given in the classroom, we list the purpose of this study to ascertain the extent to which these instruments measure facilitated the learning of FL through a theme, seeking the meaning of language and communication as the main unease in this area is to find a way to evaluate the student consistent with such instruction. We choose a qualitative interpretative in nature, through the gathering of evaluative data documents used throughout the course, as well as a questionnaire for teacher s course who contributed to the triangulation of the data analyzed. The results allowed us to infer that the evaluative instruments, although some still aren t the most appropriate measure progress achieved before the student's ability to communicate at English Language. However, analysis of the data documents revealed that although some instruments, especially the written evaluations, require changes to be in line with course design model implemented one the planning in question, can say that it contributed to reaching a positive evaluation in this context.
Desafio no uso e coleta de conhecimento cultural de aplicações para promover o crescimento da base de conhecimento cultural do OMCS-BR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-07)
Bueno, André de Oliveira
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Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4013765491948805
We are currently in the third wave of research in the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) area, whose focus is on the context of applications. Technology has been spreading from the workplace to our homes; it becomes part of our everyday lives. Thinking about it, one way of trying to provide this contextualization can be done through culture insertion in applications. However, culture is a very broad concept that encompasses different factors, among them, the common sense, which is a subset of culture consisting of the knowledge we gain in our day-to-day routine activities. Within this context, this work aims to create a new strategy to culturally contextualize an application. Thinking about that, it was created a new module called Cultural Filter that, through the use of a given knowledgebase, filters the stored information to create small cultural contextualized slices according to the profile of the users who will use this application. In this case, information such as age, gender, education level, and geographic location are used in the process of creating these cultural slices. In order to observe the viability of this strategy, an instance of the cultural filter was instantiated using the cultural knowledgebase of project Open Mind Common Sense in Brazil (OMCS-Br). In this case, the filter acts creating cultural slices from the project complete knowledgebase. In the background, this also aims to further the collection of data for this database in question, collecting data generated from the use of these contextualized software. To make this set of cultural filter and knowledge collector accessible to developers and users in general, it was developed an online system that allows any interested person to use the knowledgebase of the project OMCSBr in its applications or, still, just do culturally contextualized searches in the base. We intend to expand access to the Brazilian cultural knowledgebase and make the collection and use of the OMCS-Br knowledgebase operations more flexible, facilitating the development of applications using such a database and, with the filter being part of the OMCS-Br architecture, applications become lighter, closer to the RIA (Rich Internet Application) concept. To achieve the proposed objectives, the OMCS-Br architecture was restructured and expanded. Two new modules have been developed in order to connect with the project API (Application Programming Interface), namely: (i) the Cultural Filter, responsible for performing the filtering in order to retrieve contextual data from the knowledgebase according to the predefined profile and (ii) the Knowledge Collector, responsible for entering collected data through the use of culturally contextualized software into the OMCS-Br project knowledgebase. As a proof of concept, the filter was used in some already existing applications from LIA and, therefore, it was possible to observe the appropriateness of its operation.
Algoritmo para a extração incremental de sequências relevantes com janelamento e pós-processamento aplicado a dados hidrográficos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-07)
Silveira Junior, Carlos Roberto
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Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9893034966040171
The mining of sequential patterns in data from environmental sensors is a challenging task: the data may show noise and may also contain sparse patterns that are difficult to detect. The knowledge extracted from environmental sensor data can be used to determine climate change, for example. However, there is a lack of methods that can handle this type of database. In order to reduce this gap, the algorithm Incremental Miner of Stretchy Time Sequences with Post-Processing (IncMSTS-PP) was proposed. The IncMSTS-PP applies incremental extraction of sequential patterns with post-processing based on ontology for the generalization of the patterns. The post-processing makes the patterns semantically richer. Generalized patterns synthesize the information and makes it easier to be interpreted. IncMSTS-PP implements the Stretchy Time Window (STW) that allows stretchy time patterns (patterns with temporal intervals) are mined from bases that have noises. In comparison with GSP algorithm, IncMSTS-PP can return 2.3 times more patterns and patterns with 5 times more itemsets. The post-processing module is responsible for the reduction in 22.47% of the number of patterns presented to the user, but the returned patterns are semantically richer. Thus, the IncMSTS-PP showed good performance and mined relevant patterns showing, that way, that IncMSTS-PP is effective, efficient and appropriate for domain of environmental sensor data.
Caracterização físico socioambiental e enquadramento de áreas verdes urbanas de Votorantim-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-07)
Gerdenits, Daniela
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Pagani, Maria Inez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7524778123773562
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1516026899200102
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
Within the process of urbanization green areas emerge as alternatives contemplating new cultural and aesthetic aspects, which come to extrapolate their functions and uses. This work fits within the proposed Master Plan Votorantim, and aims to identify, characterize, and assign frame through proposals, significant urban green areas of the city. These were characterized by a physical diagnosis through environmental field trips, maps present in the Secretariat of works pertaining to their subdivisions and public areas, information contained in the Master Plan and georeferenced images. Among the twelve areas, nine can be considered neighborhood parks and only three as neighborhood parks, mainly due to its dimensions. Regarding the state of conservation of the environment is worth highlighting three green areas, while the other studied have a higher degree of intervention, mostly with furniture and spaces waterproofed. Others are in a high degree of degradation, mainly by the accumulation of garbage. The enhancement and protection of green areas should be priorities in any master plan, based on the development of projects that include management programs, requiring detailed planning for these areas do not become problems for the city, eventually being abandoned or illegally occupied.
Ecologia populacional do camarão sete-barbas Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) e análise ecológica da fauna acompanhante no litoral catarinense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-07)
Rodrigues Filho, Jorge Luiz
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Verani, José Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1847907417927121
Throughout the Brazilian coast, fisheries for the seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, can be found, having significant economic, social and cultural importance. With the low selectivity of the nets, these highly predatory fisheries causes substantial damage to the substrate and benthic community, however being very efficient in catching the target species. In this thesis the data from shrimp trawls of the coast of Santa Catarina were analyzed from different perspectives, resulting in three chapters. In the first chapter, we sought to analyze the distribution of the catch of the seabob shrimp and aspects of its population in Armação do Itapocoroy Penha, SC, over an annual cycle at different sampling depths. In the second chapter we explored the abundance data gathered over thirteen years for other species captured in the same study area, in order to highlight ecological patterns of the community over time. In the last chapter, trawl samples from different fishing spots of the Pinheira beach, Palhoça County, were analyzed in order to check how abiotic factors influences the species composition and ecological descriptors of the fish assemblage. Considering the three studies, it was concluded that the seabob shrimp population shows no stratification between the isobaths, however a large number of young shrimp is found in shallow areas that are not adequately protected by the current closed season. Regarding the bycatch, there were high oscillations of in the specific composition as well as for the ecological descriptors over time, but the pattern of having few common and abundant species and a large number of rare, infrequent species, was seen in all study sites.
Desenvolvimento de biossensores à base de filmes poliméricos, nanotubos de carbono e nanopartículas de ouro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-07)
Vicentini, Fernando Campanhã
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2380414092419355
In this work was described the development of new architectures for biosensors, using nanomaterials. The enzyme of interest was immobilized on glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes chemically treated and/or gold nanoparticles within a dihexadecylphosphate or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) film. Initially, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM) and tyrosinase (Tyr) within a dihexadecylphosphate (DHP) film for the development of a biosensor was proposed. MWCNTs, BMIM and Tyr were efficiently immobilized in the film using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide as crosslinking agents. The film characterization was realized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in presence of catechol. The BMIM-MWCNTs nanocomposite showed good conductivity and biocompatibility with Tyr enzyme, once that the biosensor presented biocatalytic activity to the oxidation of catechol to o-quinone which was electrochemically reduced to catechol at a potential of 0.04 V. The Tyr-BMIMMWCNTs- DHP/GCE biosensor showed wide linear range, good repeatability, sensitivity and stability and, the biosensor was successfully applied in the determination of catechol in natural water samples. The second developed biosensor was based on the modification of a GCE with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Tyr within a DHP film. The enzyme immobilization was performed using cystamine and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agents. Amperometry technique was used to obtain the analytical curve that showed linear in the concentration of catechol in the range from 2.49 × 10−6 to 9.50 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 1.74 × 10−7 mol L−1. The Tyr-AuNPs-DHP/GCE biosensor was applied in the determination of catechol in water samples from the UFSCar Dam. The results were satisfactory when compared with a spectrophotometric method at a 95% confidence level. Finally, the modification of a GCE with MWCNTs and AuNPs within a poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) film for the development of a novel biosensor was proposed. This approach provided an efficient method used to immobilize polyphenol oxidase (PPO) obtained from the crude extract of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). The principle of the analytical method is based on the inhibitory effect of sulfite on the activity of PPO, in the reduction reaction of o-quinone to catechol and/or the reaction of o-quinone with sulfite. Under the optimum experimental conditions using the differential pulse voltammetry technique, the analytical curve obtained was linear in the concentration range of sulfite from 5.0 × 10−7 to 2.2 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 4.0 × 10−7 mol L−1. The biosensor was successfully applied in the determination of sulfite in white and red wine samples with results in close agreement with those results obtained using a reference iodometric method at a 95% confidence level.
O impacto do salário-mínimo e dos ciclos econômicos no desemprego juvenil brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-10)
Lima, Tânia de Toledo
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Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7066100737307566
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2281900658271883
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Almeida, Alexandre Nunes de
This research sought to understand the Brazilian youth unemployment in the period 2003 - 2011. The aim of this study is to verify if the business cycles and changes in the minimum wage have been affecting youth unemployment, considering the control of socioeconomic variables. In order to develop such analyses, this study has considered linear panel data as one estimation method and dynamic panel as the other method. In addition, the current research has been considered the four initial interviews contained in PME database. The results of the study show that the youth unemployment rate has been affected by economic cycles, wages and socioeconomic variables, like proportion of labor force non-white , formal sector and metropolitan region that the individual belongs to. Concerning the dynamic character, the previous level of youth unemployment and economic cycles are the main factors affecting the variability of youth unemployment rate. It is worth mentioning that the present study splits the youth group into two subcategories, "teens" and "young-adults", aiming at verifying whetherthe cycles and wages have been impacting in a similar fashion. Thus, the results show that the two distinct subcategories demonstrate different sensitiveness, making room for the creationof different public policies.
Influência da freqüência da corrente alternada da nitretação a plasma nas propriedades superficiais do aço inoxidável ASTM F138
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-10)
Silva, Edilaine Honorio da
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Souza, Maristela Olzon Monteiro Dionysio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9452239672967881
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2669985375702449
Plasma nitriding is a technique which is used in surface treatments of stainless steel, in order to improve some properties like hardness, wear and corrosion resistance. The nitrided layer consists of some iron nitrides: the cubic y´ phase (Fe4N), the hexagonal yphase (Fe2-3N) and a nitrogen supersatured solid phase yN. Moreover, the phases which are formed and their amount are related to the nitriding parameters: time, temperature, gas mixture (N2/H2) and pressure. On the other hand, the equipment used in this study can be operated using AC or DC current. If the AC current is used, its frequency can vary and possibly influence the Fe-N phase formation as well. In order to study this influence, some ASTM F138 stainless steel disks, showing 19,00 ± 0,01 mm diameter and 2,00 ± 0,01 mm thickness, were plasma nitrided for 4h, at 400ºC, in a 80%H2 - N2 gas mixture, at a pressure of 6 Torr, using AC current, at 6, 12, 30, 60 e 100 kHz. The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Magnetic Force Microscopy, X Ray Diffraction, Hardness Vickers and Mössbauer Spectroscopy. X Ray Diffractions results detected peaks of yN phase for all samples, which showed higher hardness when compared with matrix. Nitrided layer thickness seems not to be influenced by frequency, except for 12kHz, which produced a layer whose thickness (approximately 8 ym) was about 40% thicker than the average for the other samples. Magnetic Force Microscopy showed that nitrided layer is magnetic near the surface and is paramagnetic in the innermost layer near the matrix. Mössbauer Spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of the yN, yand y´ phases. Moreover, it showed that, although the most superficial region seems to be essentially magnetic, there is also a small contribution of paramagnetic phases. Finally, the samples which were nitrided using 12 kHz showed the best results.
A apropriação da psicologia histórico-cultural na educação infantil brasileira: análise de teses e documentos oficiais no período de 2000 a 2009
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-12)
Silva, Janaina Cassiano
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Hai, Alessandra Arce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3845288858275245
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1750913769621346
The theoretical assumptions of Cultural-Historical Psychology started circulating in Brazilian academia, in the 1980s through works translated from English to Portuguese; among them is Vygotsky s book entitled Thought and Language. Faced with this observation, we sought to understand: How has Historical-Cultural Psychology been appropriated in the Brazilian educational field? Thus, the hypothesis that has guided us is that there is a mistaken appropriation of the precepts of Cultural-Historical Psychology, a fact not tied to individual questions but rather resulting from how these ideas were incorporated in Brazil with the aim to join the hegemonic discourse in the field of pedagogical ideas: neoproductivism and its variants. Thus, our general aimis to understand and analyze how the appropriation of Cultural-Historical Psychology s assumptions by the field of Early Childhood Education during the first decade of this century in Brazil has occurred. Therefore, we conducted a bibliographic study of Official Ministry of Education (MEC) documents, as well as academic production (theses) related to Early Childhood Education in this period. We used as categories of analysis the concepts of zone of proximal development (ZPD) and play/role play. The methodological procedures that guided us are the five categories proposed by Demerval Saviani, namely: the principle of the concrete nature of historical educational knowledge, the long-term perspective, the analytic-synthetic vision, the articulation of the singular and the universal and the relevance of historical research. With respect to the zone of proximal development, we find that the aspect most studied in theses and MEC documents was the definition of this concept. This was presented as the distance between what child is able to perform alone (actual development) and its performances with the help of an adult or in collaboration with other more experienced children (potential development). Regarding play/role play, several aspects were treated. In the Theses researchers studied the origin of play/role play, the definition of this concept, the toy, imagination and fantasy, among other topics. MEC documents mainly addressed imagination, child development, the toy and the role performed by children in play. After this analysis we infer that there is an eclectical appropriation with peculiarities that distances itself from discussions of the concepts presented in both: classics and by contemporary researchers who seek to continue research in this area. Thus, we sought to understand this eclecticism in the history of pedagogical and psychological ideas since the 1980s. We note that in this period with regard to pedagogical ideas we are in the midts of neoproductivis, and in relation to psychological ideas in the field of education we have experienced a period of criticism and reconstruction of School/Educational Psychology. However, in our analysis we found that this movement of criticism and reconstruction of School/Educational Psychology was not appropriate in the area of Early Childhood Education. We conclude with the statement that the eclecticism in theses and MEC documents is reflected in this historical period.
Formação de terapeutas ocupacionais em consultoria colaborativa na escola: avaliação de um programa on line
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-12)
Assis, Caroline Penteado de
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8340141413527560
The collaborative consultation in Occupational Therapy has been considered one of the most promising emerging practices in the field in education supported by international public policy. However achieving true practice of collaboration is still considered a challenge to be conquered, and in this context there is the need for continuing education of professionals working in the school area. Thus the aim of this research was to evaluate an on line collaborative consultation program in school for occupational therapists. Participants were seven occupational therapists and six teachers of students who are part of the target audience of Special Education. The Moodle platform was the virtual learning environment for the study. We used action research as a methodological design. We constructed several instruments to collect data specifically for the study, including: case studies, field diaries, reports on the practice; scripts for the focus groups, and program evaluation protocol. How standardized instrument was used only Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The study was conducted in three stages, namely: development, implementation and evaluation. It was based program development in assumptions Deweyan pragmatism and collaborative learning. The program developed here titled "COLABORA" was composed of a theoretical part and a practical in which participants had to perform a concrete experience of collaborative consultation. Data were analyzed qualitatively from thematic categories. The results showed participants' performance (before, during and after the program), the repertoire of knowledge built by the participants and the process of learning online. It was found that the COLABORA produced important changes both in discourse and in practice performed by occupational therapists in the school context. It is noteworthy that in three collaborative partnerships was conducted to identify possible positive impact on student performance from the partnership of professionals with the teacher. In the process of online learning strategies were fundamental to collaborative learning results from the tools of collective discussion and case studies that promoted the association of theoretical practical concepts. The collaborative consultation favored the in-service training of school professionals promoting both the empowerment of professionals as the target enrollment of students in Special Education classes of regular schools.
A reação de Diels-Alder de para-benzoquinonas sob condições de catálise por ácidos de Lewis e sob efeito de micro-ondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-12)
Donatoni, Maria Carolina
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Brocksom, Timothy John
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7055452150201902
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5504713069431253
In this work it was done the studies of the Diels-Alder reactions of the parabenzoquinones 2,5-dimethyl-para-benzoquinone (A1), 2,6-dimethyl-parabenzoquinone (A2) and thymoquinone (A3) with the dienes cyclopentadiene (B1), 2,3- dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (B2), isoprene (B3), trans-piperylene (B4) and 1- vinylcyclohexene (B5) (Figure I) under catalysis conditions employing as catalyst a mixture of Aerosil® silica and iron chloride (III). The amount of silica used was equimolar with respect to para-benzoquinones, and the iron chloride was employed in catalytic amounts of 4 mol% and 10 mol%. Under these catalysis conditions it was observed the reduction of the reaction times and a significant increase in yield for all the Diels-Alder reactions studied when compared to results obtained when the same reactions were carried out at room temperature and absence of catalysis. In the case of the Diels-Alder reaction of 2,6-dimethyl-para-benzoquinone (A2) with unsymmetrical dienes isoprene (B3), trans-piperylene (B4) and 1-vinylcyclohexene (B5), under catalytic conditions it was observed the reversal of the regioselectivity of these reactions when compared to the regioselectivities obtained for these reactions performed in the absence of catalysis... (continue)
Tênis em cadeira de rodas: sistematização, aplicação e avaliação de um programa de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-12)
Quidim, Fernanda Gabriela
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Munster, Mey de Abreu Van
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861049737421476
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4437361800614353
Pedagogical aspects related to systematization and evaluation within the process of teaching and learning in the Wheelchair Tennis (WCT) has been demonstrated in some scientific studies. This fact is justified by this modality being considered a recent practice, verified by shortages of professionals and little supply of WCT programs, beyond the vision that it is an elitist sport. Based on these factors and knowing the importance of a structured, systematic and assessment in sport teaching, this study aims at evaluating the influence of a program in Wheelchair Tennis on the specific skills of the sport in people with physical disabilities. Study participants are 4 males, with ages ranging from 19 to 53 years old, whose main common characteristic is physical disability (spinal cord injury, sequelae of poliomyelitis or amputation) and no previous experience with tennis. This study is characterized as a field survey of the exploratory type with experimental manipulation. The intervention was implemented in a 12-week period involving training of 1 hour duration. For data collection was used in Performance Assessment in Wheelchair Tennis (PAWCT) (developed by the researcher) to evaluate the effectiveness of the fundamentals of the WCT programs. It was also used a diary to record the evolution of individual participants and the aspects of the CCT program. The analysis was based on descriptive and statistical analyzes. The program influenced in approximately 93% of the skills studied and there was an improvement of them. The smash, volley, serve and backhand were the fundamentals that presented the highest statistically significant increases. Individual analysis allows us to trace personal evolution for each fundamental demonstrating not only the answers to the program, but the relationship between each etiology and characteristics of learning.