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O impacto do salário-mínimo e dos ciclos econômicos no desemprego juvenil brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-10)
Lima, Tânia de Toledo
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Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7066100737307566
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2281900658271883
;
Almeida, Alexandre Nunes de
This research sought to understand the Brazilian youth unemployment in the period 2003 - 2011. The aim of this study is to verify if the business cycles and changes in the minimum wage have been affecting youth unemployment, considering the control of socioeconomic variables. In order to develop such analyses, this study has considered linear panel data as one estimation method and dynamic panel as the other method. In addition, the current research has been considered the four initial interviews contained in PME database. The results of the study show that the youth unemployment rate has been affected by economic cycles, wages and socioeconomic variables, like proportion of labor force non-white , formal sector and metropolitan region that the individual belongs to. Concerning the dynamic character, the previous level of youth unemployment and economic cycles are the main factors affecting the variability of youth unemployment rate. It is worth mentioning that the present study splits the youth group into two subcategories, "teens" and "young-adults", aiming at verifying whetherthe cycles and wages have been impacting in a similar fashion. Thus, the results show that the two distinct subcategories demonstrate different sensitiveness, making room for the creationof different public policies.
Influência da freqüência da corrente alternada da nitretação a plasma nas propriedades superficiais do aço inoxidável ASTM F138
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-10)
Silva, Edilaine Honorio da
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Souza, Maristela Olzon Monteiro Dionysio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9452239672967881
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2669985375702449
Plasma nitriding is a technique which is used in surface treatments of stainless steel, in order to improve some properties like hardness, wear and corrosion resistance. The nitrided layer consists of some iron nitrides: the cubic y´ phase (Fe4N), the hexagonal yphase (Fe2-3N) and a nitrogen supersatured solid phase yN. Moreover, the phases which are formed and their amount are related to the nitriding parameters: time, temperature, gas mixture (N2/H2) and pressure. On the other hand, the equipment used in this study can be operated using AC or DC current. If the AC current is used, its frequency can vary and possibly influence the Fe-N phase formation as well. In order to study this influence, some ASTM F138 stainless steel disks, showing 19,00 ± 0,01 mm diameter and 2,00 ± 0,01 mm thickness, were plasma nitrided for 4h, at 400ºC, in a 80%H2 - N2 gas mixture, at a pressure of 6 Torr, using AC current, at 6, 12, 30, 60 e 100 kHz. The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Magnetic Force Microscopy, X Ray Diffraction, Hardness Vickers and Mössbauer Spectroscopy. X Ray Diffractions results detected peaks of yN phase for all samples, which showed higher hardness when compared with matrix. Nitrided layer thickness seems not to be influenced by frequency, except for 12kHz, which produced a layer whose thickness (approximately 8 ym) was about 40% thicker than the average for the other samples. Magnetic Force Microscopy showed that nitrided layer is magnetic near the surface and is paramagnetic in the innermost layer near the matrix. Mössbauer Spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of the yN, yand y´ phases. Moreover, it showed that, although the most superficial region seems to be essentially magnetic, there is also a small contribution of paramagnetic phases. Finally, the samples which were nitrided using 12 kHz showed the best results.
A apropriação da psicologia histórico-cultural na educação infantil brasileira: análise de teses e documentos oficiais no período de 2000 a 2009
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-12)
Silva, Janaina Cassiano
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Hai, Alessandra Arce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3845288858275245
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1750913769621346
The theoretical assumptions of Cultural-Historical Psychology started circulating in Brazilian academia, in the 1980s through works translated from English to Portuguese; among them is Vygotsky s book entitled Thought and Language. Faced with this observation, we sought to understand: How has Historical-Cultural Psychology been appropriated in the Brazilian educational field? Thus, the hypothesis that has guided us is that there is a mistaken appropriation of the precepts of Cultural-Historical Psychology, a fact not tied to individual questions but rather resulting from how these ideas were incorporated in Brazil with the aim to join the hegemonic discourse in the field of pedagogical ideas: neoproductivism and its variants. Thus, our general aimis to understand and analyze how the appropriation of Cultural-Historical Psychology s assumptions by the field of Early Childhood Education during the first decade of this century in Brazil has occurred. Therefore, we conducted a bibliographic study of Official Ministry of Education (MEC) documents, as well as academic production (theses) related to Early Childhood Education in this period. We used as categories of analysis the concepts of zone of proximal development (ZPD) and play/role play. The methodological procedures that guided us are the five categories proposed by Demerval Saviani, namely: the principle of the concrete nature of historical educational knowledge, the long-term perspective, the analytic-synthetic vision, the articulation of the singular and the universal and the relevance of historical research. With respect to the zone of proximal development, we find that the aspect most studied in theses and MEC documents was the definition of this concept. This was presented as the distance between what child is able to perform alone (actual development) and its performances with the help of an adult or in collaboration with other more experienced children (potential development). Regarding play/role play, several aspects were treated. In the Theses researchers studied the origin of play/role play, the definition of this concept, the toy, imagination and fantasy, among other topics. MEC documents mainly addressed imagination, child development, the toy and the role performed by children in play. After this analysis we infer that there is an eclectical appropriation with peculiarities that distances itself from discussions of the concepts presented in both: classics and by contemporary researchers who seek to continue research in this area. Thus, we sought to understand this eclecticism in the history of pedagogical and psychological ideas since the 1980s. We note that in this period with regard to pedagogical ideas we are in the midts of neoproductivis, and in relation to psychological ideas in the field of education we have experienced a period of criticism and reconstruction of School/Educational Psychology. However, in our analysis we found that this movement of criticism and reconstruction of School/Educational Psychology was not appropriate in the area of Early Childhood Education. We conclude with the statement that the eclecticism in theses and MEC documents is reflected in this historical period.
Formação de terapeutas ocupacionais em consultoria colaborativa na escola: avaliação de um programa on line
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-12)
Assis, Caroline Penteado de
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8340141413527560
The collaborative consultation in Occupational Therapy has been considered one of the most promising emerging practices in the field in education supported by international public policy. However achieving true practice of collaboration is still considered a challenge to be conquered, and in this context there is the need for continuing education of professionals working in the school area. Thus the aim of this research was to evaluate an on line collaborative consultation program in school for occupational therapists. Participants were seven occupational therapists and six teachers of students who are part of the target audience of Special Education. The Moodle platform was the virtual learning environment for the study. We used action research as a methodological design. We constructed several instruments to collect data specifically for the study, including: case studies, field diaries, reports on the practice; scripts for the focus groups, and program evaluation protocol. How standardized instrument was used only Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The study was conducted in three stages, namely: development, implementation and evaluation. It was based program development in assumptions Deweyan pragmatism and collaborative learning. The program developed here titled "COLABORA" was composed of a theoretical part and a practical in which participants had to perform a concrete experience of collaborative consultation. Data were analyzed qualitatively from thematic categories. The results showed participants' performance (before, during and after the program), the repertoire of knowledge built by the participants and the process of learning online. It was found that the COLABORA produced important changes both in discourse and in practice performed by occupational therapists in the school context. It is noteworthy that in three collaborative partnerships was conducted to identify possible positive impact on student performance from the partnership of professionals with the teacher. In the process of online learning strategies were fundamental to collaborative learning results from the tools of collective discussion and case studies that promoted the association of theoretical practical concepts. The collaborative consultation favored the in-service training of school professionals promoting both the empowerment of professionals as the target enrollment of students in Special Education classes of regular schools.
A reação de Diels-Alder de para-benzoquinonas sob condições de catálise por ácidos de Lewis e sob efeito de micro-ondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-12)
Donatoni, Maria Carolina
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Brocksom, Timothy John
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7055452150201902
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5504713069431253
In this work it was done the studies of the Diels-Alder reactions of the parabenzoquinones 2,5-dimethyl-para-benzoquinone (A1), 2,6-dimethyl-parabenzoquinone (A2) and thymoquinone (A3) with the dienes cyclopentadiene (B1), 2,3- dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (B2), isoprene (B3), trans-piperylene (B4) and 1- vinylcyclohexene (B5) (Figure I) under catalysis conditions employing as catalyst a mixture of Aerosil® silica and iron chloride (III). The amount of silica used was equimolar with respect to para-benzoquinones, and the iron chloride was employed in catalytic amounts of 4 mol% and 10 mol%. Under these catalysis conditions it was observed the reduction of the reaction times and a significant increase in yield for all the Diels-Alder reactions studied when compared to results obtained when the same reactions were carried out at room temperature and absence of catalysis. In the case of the Diels-Alder reaction of 2,6-dimethyl-para-benzoquinone (A2) with unsymmetrical dienes isoprene (B3), trans-piperylene (B4) and 1-vinylcyclohexene (B5), under catalytic conditions it was observed the reversal of the regioselectivity of these reactions when compared to the regioselectivities obtained for these reactions performed in the absence of catalysis... (continue)
Tênis em cadeira de rodas: sistematização, aplicação e avaliação de um programa de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-12)
Quidim, Fernanda Gabriela
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Munster, Mey de Abreu Van
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861049737421476
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4437361800614353
Pedagogical aspects related to systematization and evaluation within the process of teaching and learning in the Wheelchair Tennis (WCT) has been demonstrated in some scientific studies. This fact is justified by this modality being considered a recent practice, verified by shortages of professionals and little supply of WCT programs, beyond the vision that it is an elitist sport. Based on these factors and knowing the importance of a structured, systematic and assessment in sport teaching, this study aims at evaluating the influence of a program in Wheelchair Tennis on the specific skills of the sport in people with physical disabilities. Study participants are 4 males, with ages ranging from 19 to 53 years old, whose main common characteristic is physical disability (spinal cord injury, sequelae of poliomyelitis or amputation) and no previous experience with tennis. This study is characterized as a field survey of the exploratory type with experimental manipulation. The intervention was implemented in a 12-week period involving training of 1 hour duration. For data collection was used in Performance Assessment in Wheelchair Tennis (PAWCT) (developed by the researcher) to evaluate the effectiveness of the fundamentals of the WCT programs. It was also used a diary to record the evolution of individual participants and the aspects of the CCT program. The analysis was based on descriptive and statistical analyzes. The program influenced in approximately 93% of the skills studied and there was an improvement of them. The smash, volley, serve and backhand were the fundamentals that presented the highest statistically significant increases. Individual analysis allows us to trace personal evolution for each fundamental demonstrating not only the answers to the program, but the relationship between each etiology and characteristics of learning.
Irracionalidade e destino no pensamento de Max Weber
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-12)
Campos, Daniel Vasconcelos
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Maar, Wolfgang Leo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8746615407370574
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2585249817969838
This dissertation aims at Max Weber´s vision of irrationality. Referring to this, one can stress some points of Weber´s relationship to philosophy. It is particularly highlighted here his opposition to a tradition of thought in which reality is subjected to a practical rationalism. Then, beside questions about the methodology of human sciences, they are also some decisive practical problems to be considered. A quest for the ethical meaning of the world is in the centre of the scene. The concept of irrationality is dealt with on the basis of two specific interests. First, epistemology: irrationality is represented as the split between concept and reality. Second, ethics: it is represented as a split between intention and consequences of action.
Efeitos do laser terapêutico de baixa intensidade e do treinamento resistido no metabolismo ósseo em ratos com diabetes mellitus tipo I
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-14)
Silva, Tatiane Lopes Patrocinio da
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252547091250301
The DM is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the secretion or action of insulin, leading to a series of physiological changes that determine changes in normal operation of various organs and tissues, among which bone tissue is affected, leading to bone fragility. In this context, several treatments have been shown to accelerate bone metabolism. The Resistance Exercise (ER) is highly recommended for diabetics and among its beneficial effects promotes increased bone mineral density. The low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is able to stimulate the activity of osteoblasts, as well as increase the biomechanical properties of bone. However, its effects on bone metabolism in diabetic animals are not completely understood, and its action associated with the ER. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the action of a protocol and resistance exercises LLLT applied individually or in combination on bone metabolism in diabetic rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups (N = 10): non-diabetic control group (CG), diabetic control (GD), diabetic group irradiated with laser (GL), trained diabetic group (TG) and trained group laser and diabetic (GTL). In the first study we evaluated the effects of LLLT on bone diabetic in three groups: GC, GD and GL. The GL was subjected to laser irradiation Ga-Al-As, 808 nm, 100 mW, 3.57 W/cm2, 0.028 cm2, 120J/cm2, 33s, for 18 sessions, on alternate days for 6 weeks. As the GL results showed increased cortical area and RUNX-2 immunoreactivity increased compared to GD. Furthermore, LLLT produced a significant increase in the strength of fracture, and bone mineral density (BMD and BMC), compared with DG. Therefore LLLT stimulated bone formation, reducing osteopenia animals. The second study evaluated the effects associated with ER LLLT in diabetic animals from group 4: GC, GD, GT and GTL. The ER consisted of climbing, load tied to the tail of the animal, and these loads were increased weekly throughout the training sessions, the GTL at the end of each session ER animals were irradiated with laser Ga-Al-As. Performed 6 weeks, 3 times per week, totaling 18 sessions. The GT and GTL showed increased cortical area, BMD and biomechanical properties. The BMC, fracture strength and stiffness were higher in GTL over the GT. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that GT and GTL immunoassayed for RUNX-2 increased relative to GD. Already RANK-L immunoreactivity was moderated at GD and week on the others experimental groups. In conclusion, resistance exercise promoted osteoblast activation, with the increase in the biomechanical properties and BMD. The combination of exercise and LLLT, promoted the osteogenic potential additional effect of ER performed alone. Consequently, these data highlight the potential of exercise in the treatment of bone loss due to DM. Further studies should be conducted to provide additional information on the effects of LLLT as adjuvant therapy resistance exercise.
Efeitos da abolição da bradicardia reflexa nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias de tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818), em hipóxia severa: vagotomia versus inibição farmacológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-14)
Sunti, Daniele Martinez de
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Rantin, Francisco Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1747812481762015
Hypoxic bradycardia is a reflex response to hypoxia observed in most fish species studied so far. This reflex is initiated by the stimulation of O2 chemoreceptors and induced by an increase in the inhibitory vagal tonus. Despite of being well described and characterized, the hypothesis that hypoxic bradycardia improves the O2 transference from the ventilatory water to the gills still remain to be proved. The utilization of different methods to inhibit hypoxic bradycardia (vagotomy and atropinization) may have contributed to generate different cardiorespiratory responses, making this issue even more controversial. In this study the cardiorespiratory variables (heart frequency fH, metabolic rate - VO2 , O2 extraction from the ventilatory current EO2, gill ventilation - VG , breathing frequency fR, and ventilatory requirement - VG / VO2 ) were measured in the tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, under normoxia and after 40 min of exposure to severe hypoxia (20 mmHg) and the 3 subsequent hours of recovery. Each fish was subjected to this protocol before (Control group), after atropine administration (A group) and after vagotomy (V group). Under hypoxia the fish of control group displayed the characteristic hypoxic bradycardia (reduction of 56% in fH) with hyperventilation (increases of 96% in fR and 650% in VG ). This hyperventilation was probably responsible by the decrease in EO2 (65%) and, consequently, in the VO2 (62%), resulting in an increase of 1800% in the VG / VO2 . The beginning of the recovery period was characterized by an elevated VO2 (~200% above the normoxic values) accompanied by tachycardia (50.6 bpm) and gradual recovery of EO2, fR, VT and VG . Atropine and vagotomy elevated the fH in normoxia (from 32.0 ± 1.7 to 77.8 ± 4.1 and 80.6 ± 5.8 bpm), indicating a high basal vagal tone. In these two groups the fH remained constant during the experimental time course. This evidenced that the post-hypoxia tachycardia probably occurred as a consequence of a reduction in the cholinergic tonus. The groups control, atropinized and vagotomized did not show significant differences in EO2, VO2 and the other respiratory variables analyzed in any protocol. This results point out that hypoxic bradycardia does not improve the O2 transference to the gills, independently of the method employed to abolish the bradycardic reflex. Therefore, other hypotheses on the hypoxic bradycardia must be investigated in this species.
Potencialidades socioambientais das áreas de preservação permanente em fundos de vales urbanos: proposição de método expedito de análise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-14)
Pavezzi Netto, Milton
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Silva, Ricardo Siloto da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4893922043783651
Guided by the questions about the effectiveness of strategies for environmental protection in cities, this research was aimed at structuring a fast method to analyze the social and environmental potential of PPAs in urban valley bottoms able to provide information to support the recovery and/or maintenance of the environmental quality of these areas in compatibility with existing social dynamics in the built space For structuring method, physical variables and criteria involved in the environmental quality of valley bottoms and representative forms of human occupation at these sites were raised. Based on these variables, we designed a scoring system that indicates the level of compliance with environmental functions of PPAs in urban valley bottoms and indicates the favorable and unfavorable conditions to fulfill these functions. The method was applied in two urban sources in the city of São Carlos, with distinct characteristics and land use in the buffer corresponding to the PPA. in the context of urban planning, the results of the application shows that the method has potential both to provide information that supports immediate or short-term decisions as to guide the application of other diagnostic decisions in the medium and long term.
SNPs no gene da HSC70 e suas implicações na carcinicultura e conservação dos estoques de camarão-da-amazônia (Macrobrachium amazonicum)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-14)
Blanck, Danielly Veloso
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4060033502460829
Macrobrachium amazonicum is an endemic species in South America, which has been exploited by artisanal fisheries in northern and northeastern Brazil. The overexploitation of this species has led to the decline of its natural stocks. This scenario affects the riverine communities and the genetic status of populations of this crustacean. In this context, the aquaculture emerges as a sustainable alternative to soften this impact over the natural stocks. A molecular view of adaptations and modifications in response to environmental variables is important for understanding the biology, distribution and capacity of this crustacean to adapt to different conditions and geographic regions, either in its natural habitat or in captivity. Considering these aspects, SNPs markers within fitness-related candidate gene emerge as promising tools for selection and detection of genetic structure in natural populations and to verify their correlation with complex traits of interest in farming. In this study, the aim was to investigate SNPs in the HSC70 (70-kilodalton Heat Shock Cognate) gene under two approaches: (1) the prospection and association of SNPs to growth traits in a captive population of M. amazonicum (CAUNESP); and (2) the SNPs prospection, characterization of the variability and genetic structure of two wild stocks of M. amazonicum (Tocantins and Paracauari rivers, both in Para state). To the firsty study, were carried out an experimental performance of these prawns, undergone to two stocking densities (normal and intensification conditions). Growth traits (total and abdominal length, and total abdominal and hepathopancreas weight) and sex were determined during the harvesting. The SNPs effects on these phenotypic variables were tested in a mixed model conducted by the Proc Mixed of the SAS program. Twelve SNPs were identified. Among them, only two SNPs (C256T and T907C) and two haplotypes (H7 and H10) presented effects of interest. These effects comprised several traits, including density and population class interactions. The most important effects were found in the normal density of the farming and on females. SNPs effects were not detected in high stocking density treatment. xix So, this fact excludes the possibility of using this information to the farming intensification of M. amazonicum. However, these results consist of relevant information for the development of high performing culture lines of M. amazonicum by Marker Assisted Selection. The SNPs effects on females may indicate the involvement of the HSC70 gene in the reproductive development of the species. In the second study, 13 SNPs were characterized in the Tocantins river population and six SNPs in the Paracauari river population. No significant deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was found. However, linkage disequilibrium was detected among some pairs of SNP loci. Both stocks showed high haplotype diversity. The haplotype diversity was 0.712 and 0.596 for the Tocantins and Paracauari river populations, respectively. These values were significantly different between the populations (P ≤ 0.05). AMOVA indicated that almost all variability occurs within the populations and these stocks are not genetically differentiated (FST = -0,00048). Apparently, if based on the diversity and the absence of genetic structure information, the anthropic action has not caused drastic effects on the genetic status of these two populations of M. amazonicum. These results prove that SNP markers within HSC70 gene are useful in establishing strategies for managing breeding programs as well as programs for the conservation of the species focus of this study.
Chuva de sementes sob árvores isoladas em pastagens próximas a fragmentos florestais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-14)
Carreira, Daiane Cristina
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Penha, Alessandra dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9799774247477252
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398546621372702
The semideciduous seasonal forests in the state of São Paulo are highly fragmented due to the history of intensive human interventions in the landscape, especially agricultural activities. In this context, we selected the Basin Corumbataí (BHRC), São Paulo (22 ° 04'46 "and 22 ° 41'28" S, 47 ° 26'23 "and 47 ° 56'15'' W) to understand the role of native trees isolated in pastures consolidated in maintaining connectivity between forest fragments near. So we had a goal, answer the following questions: i) Isolation of native trees in pastures, determined by distance, proximity index, fragment size and forest cover (within a radius of 900 m from the isolated tree), as well as characteristics of isolated trees, height and crown area, can determine the abundance and richness of seeds derived from the seed rain under isolated trees? ii) The richness and abundance of seeds produced from the seed rain is greater under native trees isolated in pastures than inside fragments of semideciduous forests adjacent to pastures of BHRC? We installed 36 seed collectors with an area of 1.5 m2: 18 of them within three fragments, and the other 18 under isolated trees in pastures. We collected fortnightly for six months. We recognize, identify and categorize the seeds on the type of dispersal and seed size sampled. To answer the first question, we tested whether differences in the abundance and species richness could be determined by isolation and structural characteristics (height and crown area) of native trees in the pastures of BHRC regarding forest fragments. Conducted multiple regression analyzes using generalized linear models. To reply the second question, we performed an analysis of covariance to compare the richness and mean abundance of seeds among isolated trees and inside the fragments. We use the sort method of Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) to ascertain the similarity in species composition in the two environments; use the rank-abundance curve to analyze evenness in the distribution of species in both environments. Regarding isolated trees in pastures, we found that those with higher canopy cover and closer to forest fragments exhibit greater abundance of animal dispersed seeds, especially when considering the seeds zoochoric "small" (<3 mm), whose abundances were higher in trees with greater canopy cover, closer to forest fragments and in areas with high forest cover. Plenty of seeds > 3 mm, anemochoric or autochorous as well as the wealth of animal dispersed anemochoric or autochorous, no significant differences in relation to the isolation of the trees. Comparing seed rain under trees and isolated within the forest fragments, found that forest fragments are richest and most abundant species arising from the rain, but the difference was expressed only in relations: total species richness anemochoric, being clearer results for the seeds between 3.0 mm and 10 mm and larger than 10 mm; abundance anemochoric of between 3.0 mm and 10 mm and the total wealth of animal dispersed, especially those smaller than 3.0 mm. NMDS analyzes revealed that most of the samples (both trees as isolated forest fragments) share the same species. Through rank-abundance curve, we found that the evenness in the abundance of species collected is distributed differently (p = 0.03) and between individual trees within the forest fragments, being more equitable within the fragments, in addition, more species were found in the interior of the fragments under isolated trees. Isolated trees in pastures can serve as recruitment points of seeds and plants and potentially contribute to maintaining the flow of propagules, acting as connectors between forest fragments scattered across the landscape. Nevertheless, the retention and conservation of forest fragments dispersed in agricultural matrices can contribute to the maintenance of seed rain, given the composition and structure of species present.
Nanomateriais organofuncionalizados e suas aplicações em catálise: associando as vantagens da catálise homogênea com as da heterogênea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-14)
Inforzato, Tatiane
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Santos, Alcindo Aparecido dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9005233120921421
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5381102477118589
We have immobilized proline, like prolinamide, by using flash chromatography with commercial grade silica and magnetite nanoparticles that were synthesized in our lab. The degree of functionalization has been determined by the nitrogen content from the data collected from elemental analysis of the particles. The organofunctionalization of the silica surface and the structure have been confirmed by 13C CP-TOS NMR and 29Si-NMR CPMAS solid state analysis. The confirmation of the catalyst-supported structure on functionalized magnetite can be correlated to the data obtained from the silica, since methodology was the same. The materials Pro-SiO2 and Fe3O4 @ SiO2-Pro were used in catalysis for the Michael reaction. The catalysts have been tested in several conditions: solvents, additive, reaction time and determined the minimum amount of catalyst needed to optimize reaction conditions. It was observed that the catalysis is best conducted without a solvent or in saturated NaCl solution and in the presence of additive, such as benzoic acid or acetic acid. The recyclability for both materials was satisfactory and no significant losses were observed after five cycles. The best results were obtained for propanone and cyclohexanone as a Michael donor and nitrostyrene as a Michael receptor with excellent yields and diastereoselectivity (in the case of cyclohexanone). Enantiomeric excess obtained for these reactions were too low to be observed proving the structural efficiency of the catalytic process.
Análise da escalabilidade de aplicações em computadores multicore
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-14)
Silva, Samuel Reghim
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Guardia, Hélio Crestana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1122152115751075
Multicore processors allow applications to explore thread-level parallelism in order to enable improvements on the elapsed time. The sharing of the memory subsystem and the discrepancy between the speeds of processors and memory access operations, however, may entail limitations to the scalability caused by thread competition for the resources. The automatic determination of the appropriate number of threads for an application that ensure efficient executions, although widely desired, is a non-trivial problem. This work aimed to evaluate the factors limiting the scalability of OpenMP parallel applications related to the contention for shared resources in multicore processors, with the goal of identifying the characteristics of applications that limit their scalability. It was found that memory accesses are a major limitation to the performance gains with parallelism. The granularity, indicating the ratio of memory accesses to processing, has been verified as being an important performance factor of parallel executions. Estimates of granularity can be obtained from the applications' source code. Different data access modes, however, point to the need to estimate the combination of granularity with information about the data access locality to properly determine the scalability of applications.
Estudo comparativo de duas metodologias na definição de unidades geoambientais : Ribeirão do Feijão (São Carlos-SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-14)
Failache, Moisés Furtado
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Röhm, Sergio Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2670582615822910
The geoenvironmental zoning is considered a inter and multidisciplinary planning instrument of an area, municipality or region, based on the components of the physical environment. Its goal is to support public policies seeking to reconcile economic development and environmental quality. The Ribeirão do Feijão Watershed is located almost entirely in São Carlos-SP, is an area of great interest because is the main source of surface water supply of this city and more than 70% belongs to the recharge area of Botucatu Aquifer. In this perspective, this work aimed to elaborate a two geoenvironmental zoning through two different methodologies (CENDRERO et al, 1990; ZUQUETTE et al. 1993). The methodology includes thematic maps in 1:50.000 scale aided by GIS (Geographic Information Systems), remote sensing, field and laboratorial works. The intermediate result of this research was the development of 12 basics maps (documentation, unconsolidated materials, bedrock, slope, landforms, pedology, use and occupation, erosive evidence, relief, legal restrictions, surface water and CEMPAS) and 5 derived maps (erosion susceptibility, agricultural suitability, slope stability, aquifer vulnerability and quality for preservation).The final results corresponded a synthetic geoenvironmental zoning (Cendrero, et al., 1990), which showed 29 geoenvironmental units and two analytical geoenvironmental zoning that were based on water dynamics (Zoning of the Water Accumulation Potential Areas and Zoning of Potential Infiltration Areas). The Analytical Zoning presented 4 geoenvironmental units, and was more restrictive in defining their units, however the synthetic approach enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the weaknesses and potential of the Ribeirão do Feijão Watershed.
Biodiversidade da fauna subterrânea na área cárstica de São Domingos, nordeste de Goiás: relevância versus visibilidade de táxons
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-17)
Simões, Luiza Bertelli
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Bichuette, Maria Elina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8505981524791253
In this issue, we did a survey of subterranean fauna in a karstic area from northeast of Goiás, considering both the tiny aquatic invertebrates as representatives of terrestrial communities. We verify the species composition in 13 caves belonging to the regions of São Domingos and Posse. Part of the region of São Domingos includes a large conservation area, with about 50.000 ha, the Terra Ronca State Park (PETER), where there are large number of caves well known to science and intense tourist activity, which threatens the integrity of these fragile systems. In contrast, the caves of the region of Posse are less visited and almost unknown when it comes to its biology. For publication purposes, we divide our work in three chapters. The first one features the terrestrial invertebrate fauna in these underground environments. We verified the richness, diversity, taxonomic distinctness and faunal similarities between caves sampled in both regions. Moreover, we highlight the records of new, rare and/or troglobitic species. We guaranteed accurate access to this fauna through six occasions collections systematized in different seasons over the years of 2010, 2011 and 2012. We sampled differently these cavities by sampling efforts that ranged from one to three replicates, except for Angélica Cave. The latter was sampled at six times in order to investigate variance in fauna according to different periods of collecting and some environmental factors. Thus, in the second chapter, we aim to verify the influence of seasonality, zoning, availability and complexity of substrates in the faunal composition of this cave. Moreover, in these first two chapters, we discussed the importance of sampling by combined methods, proposing the use of the method of squares plus the usual collecting by active search. As the terrestrial hypogean fauna is more visible, it has been studied in more detail in Brazil. Rather, the diversity of tiny aquatic organisms is clearly underestimated, both for its lower visibility as the lack of adequacy of sampling methods for collecting these animals. However, most of the underground systems in this and other Brazilian karstic areas have large karst drainage systems, with diverse passages for water infiltration in the subterranean environment, such as the capture of superficial rivers and rainwater. The percolating water produces extensive network of potential micro-habitats, from small fissures filled with air and/or water to temporary or permanent pockets, which is an unsaturated zone known as epikarst. Aware of the necessity to study this unique subterranean horizon, in the third chapter, we analyze the richness of aquatic microorganisms present in some caves in this area. Using plankton nets, we filtered water in all potential aquatic habitats as drips, travertine (pockets of water), epikarstic and groundwater rivers, as well as areas of resurgence and epigean rivers surrounding some of the caves. We observed the degree of faunal similarity between different environments sampled. Finally, some physical and chemical variables of water were measured in order to find taxa-environment relationships.
Avaliação de impactos ambientais e sociais do uso da nanotecnologia na agricultura: uma proposta metodológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-17)
Carniel, Beatriz de Faria
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Jesus, Katia Regina Evaristo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4652129296557267
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7343964970219286
Nanotechnology has been reported as a technology that will have further development in this century and agricultural nanotechnologies gain space with the discovery of its potential applications in the transport of substances, nanosensors, nanocapsules, among others. Many of these nanoproducts are already found in the market or in development, therefore, exposure to nanoparticles concerns the scientific community and policy makers. In this context, this project aims to develop a methodology for assessing the environmental and social impacts of nanotechnology use in agriculture. Given the complexity and scope of nanotechnology, impact indicators were formulated by reviewing specialized scientific literature. The indicators were conceptually validated in a remote consultation with experts of areas related to agricultural nanotechnology through a questionnaire formulated according to the Delphi technique. The Impactos AGNano method has the indicators as an essential basis for its development and has two stages of evaluation: Safety Assessment (preliminary assessment to obtain the Security Index) and Impact Assessment (for obtaining Impact Index). The method was validated in a presential consultation with experts of areas related to nanotechnology in agriculture.
Avaliação da sustentabilidade de sistemas de produção da cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo: uma proposta metodológica e de modelo conceitual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-18)
Cardoso, Bruno Oliveira
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Jesus, Katia Regina Evaristo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4652129296557267
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1742162842666809
The sugar cane culture is one of the most ancient ones in Brazil. Nowadays, the cultivation of cane is the third most important in the country, mainly for representing an alternative and renewable source of energy. Environment and social equity concern have gotten stronger in the last years, especially due to market globalization. As a consequence of society s awareness, roused by this new attitude in the world, comes the need to adapt agriculture and agro industrial activities in order for all production systems to generate positive impacts to the environment and society. Therefore, sustainability has become the number one competition factor to the agricultural chains. A methodology entitled Sustain Sugar Method was developed in this research for the evaluation of sustainability in environmental, economical and social dimensions of the sugar cane production in the state of São Paulo. This methodology was made with adequate sustainability indicators to the case. A conceptual model of this system was developed in the state of São Paulo; it follows criteria and has attributes which represent the complexity of the theme sustainability. It can also effectively guide the gathering and validation of the sustainability indicators and its thresholds so that it is an effective tool to the responsible decisive organs and formulators of public policies. The methodology used for the model formulation as well as for the construction of the methodological proposal was: i) gathering of available information about sustainable sugar cane production; ii) formulation of indicators from specialized literature; e iii) the proposed indicators were systemized and organized in the Sustain Sugar Database and later validated by consulting specialists of the academic and production fields, plants and producers through remote consults (Applying the Delphi consult Technique to the specialists) and through a workshop. With this model and the method, the objective is to outline the sustainable sugar cane productive system in the state of São Paulo.
Designações da palavra São Paulo: estudo semântico-enunciativo do movimento histórico de 1932
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-18)
Suman, Ana Lígia Criado
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Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6597998458711698
This paper aims to develop a semantic enunciative study considering the route of meanings constructed by the determinations of the word São Paulo into the enunciative space in that it considering the language events produced by the press, during the Constitutionalist Movement of 1932. This paper is guided by the Semantics of the Events proposed and developed by Eduardo Guimarães (1989, 1999, 2002, 2002a, 2003, 2004, 2004a, 2004b, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009), wich is a semantic study based on the historicity of language, dismissing the subject from a central position to understand it as someone who is constituted by language and through language.Through its operating mechanisms, the semantics approach presented by Guimarães establishes a relationship with the Discourse Analysis and, in general, with the theories of the subject, joining it then with the French School of Discourse Analysis and with the Argumentative Semantics according to Ducrot perspectives. It is being done a study of the Semantic Domains of Determination of the word São Paulo , considering the way it is denominated by the newspapers "Folha da Manhã" and "Folha da Noite", during the the month of July 1932, when the armed movement was hatched in Brazil. In this sense, the aim is to capture the enunciative events from the statements and analyze them in order to identify , in fact, what has contributed to the significance of the concept of paulistanidade , and the senses that represents São Paulo today.
Gestão de múltiplos projetos em uma empresa de bens de capital: uso do método da corrente crítica aplicando lógica fuzzy para cálculo de pulmão de tempo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-18)
Campanini, Luciano
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Pereira, Neocles Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1838921540404825
This study approach the Critical Chain Method. This method is the Theory of Constraints applied to project management. The main contribution of this thesis is to propose a method for determining buffer size. Some literature reviews were performed on research methodology, production systems, project management, Critical Chain and Fuzzy Logic. A case study in a multiple project environment in a company that works with engineering to orders in the segment of capital goods was done. At the literature for determining buffer size, were identified in addition to the original method "Cut and Paste Method" proposed by Goldratt, four other methods: "Root Square Error Method (RSEM)", "Adaptive Procedure with Density (APD)," Adaptive Procedure with Resource Tightness (APRT) "and" Improved Root Square Error Method (IRSEM)". In the literature considered in this work, there was no application of any of the Critical Chain method in cases of multiple projects, with these four methods for determining buffer size. For the proposal of a new method for determining buffer size, elaborated in this thesis, we considered five variables that influence the outcome of the contracts and thus integrate the formulation. They are: contractual penalty, profit margin, customer importance, project complexity and resource constraints. Fuzzy logic is used to establish an adjustment factor to determining the buffer size. All these methods were simulated in the environment of multiple projects studied and some indicators were compared. In general, the proposed of buffer size using Fuzzy Logic allows the use of a greater number of project specific characteristics to determining the buffer size and the results of applications were goods when compared with other buffer size methods considered in this literature.