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Biodiversidade da fauna subterrânea na área cárstica de São Domingos, nordeste de Goiás: relevância versus visibilidade de táxons
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-17)
Simões, Luiza Bertelli
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Bichuette, Maria Elina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8505981524791253
In this issue, we did a survey of subterranean fauna in a karstic area from northeast of Goiás, considering both the tiny aquatic invertebrates as representatives of terrestrial communities. We verify the species composition in 13 caves belonging to the regions of São Domingos and Posse. Part of the region of São Domingos includes a large conservation area, with about 50.000 ha, the Terra Ronca State Park (PETER), where there are large number of caves well known to science and intense tourist activity, which threatens the integrity of these fragile systems. In contrast, the caves of the region of Posse are less visited and almost unknown when it comes to its biology. For publication purposes, we divide our work in three chapters. The first one features the terrestrial invertebrate fauna in these underground environments. We verified the richness, diversity, taxonomic distinctness and faunal similarities between caves sampled in both regions. Moreover, we highlight the records of new, rare and/or troglobitic species. We guaranteed accurate access to this fauna through six occasions collections systematized in different seasons over the years of 2010, 2011 and 2012. We sampled differently these cavities by sampling efforts that ranged from one to three replicates, except for Angélica Cave. The latter was sampled at six times in order to investigate variance in fauna according to different periods of collecting and some environmental factors. Thus, in the second chapter, we aim to verify the influence of seasonality, zoning, availability and complexity of substrates in the faunal composition of this cave. Moreover, in these first two chapters, we discussed the importance of sampling by combined methods, proposing the use of the method of squares plus the usual collecting by active search. As the terrestrial hypogean fauna is more visible, it has been studied in more detail in Brazil. Rather, the diversity of tiny aquatic organisms is clearly underestimated, both for its lower visibility as the lack of adequacy of sampling methods for collecting these animals. However, most of the underground systems in this and other Brazilian karstic areas have large karst drainage systems, with diverse passages for water infiltration in the subterranean environment, such as the capture of superficial rivers and rainwater. The percolating water produces extensive network of potential micro-habitats, from small fissures filled with air and/or water to temporary or permanent pockets, which is an unsaturated zone known as epikarst. Aware of the necessity to study this unique subterranean horizon, in the third chapter, we analyze the richness of aquatic microorganisms present in some caves in this area. Using plankton nets, we filtered water in all potential aquatic habitats as drips, travertine (pockets of water), epikarstic and groundwater rivers, as well as areas of resurgence and epigean rivers surrounding some of the caves. We observed the degree of faunal similarity between different environments sampled. Finally, some physical and chemical variables of water were measured in order to find taxa-environment relationships.
Avaliação de impactos ambientais e sociais do uso da nanotecnologia na agricultura: uma proposta metodológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-17)
Carniel, Beatriz de Faria
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Jesus, Katia Regina Evaristo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4652129296557267
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7343964970219286
Nanotechnology has been reported as a technology that will have further development in this century and agricultural nanotechnologies gain space with the discovery of its potential applications in the transport of substances, nanosensors, nanocapsules, among others. Many of these nanoproducts are already found in the market or in development, therefore, exposure to nanoparticles concerns the scientific community and policy makers. In this context, this project aims to develop a methodology for assessing the environmental and social impacts of nanotechnology use in agriculture. Given the complexity and scope of nanotechnology, impact indicators were formulated by reviewing specialized scientific literature. The indicators were conceptually validated in a remote consultation with experts of areas related to agricultural nanotechnology through a questionnaire formulated according to the Delphi technique. The Impactos AGNano method has the indicators as an essential basis for its development and has two stages of evaluation: Safety Assessment (preliminary assessment to obtain the Security Index) and Impact Assessment (for obtaining Impact Index). The method was validated in a presential consultation with experts of areas related to nanotechnology in agriculture.
Avaliação da sustentabilidade de sistemas de produção da cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo: uma proposta metodológica e de modelo conceitual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-18)
Cardoso, Bruno Oliveira
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Jesus, Katia Regina Evaristo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4652129296557267
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1742162842666809
The sugar cane culture is one of the most ancient ones in Brazil. Nowadays, the cultivation of cane is the third most important in the country, mainly for representing an alternative and renewable source of energy. Environment and social equity concern have gotten stronger in the last years, especially due to market globalization. As a consequence of society s awareness, roused by this new attitude in the world, comes the need to adapt agriculture and agro industrial activities in order for all production systems to generate positive impacts to the environment and society. Therefore, sustainability has become the number one competition factor to the agricultural chains. A methodology entitled Sustain Sugar Method was developed in this research for the evaluation of sustainability in environmental, economical and social dimensions of the sugar cane production in the state of São Paulo. This methodology was made with adequate sustainability indicators to the case. A conceptual model of this system was developed in the state of São Paulo; it follows criteria and has attributes which represent the complexity of the theme sustainability. It can also effectively guide the gathering and validation of the sustainability indicators and its thresholds so that it is an effective tool to the responsible decisive organs and formulators of public policies. The methodology used for the model formulation as well as for the construction of the methodological proposal was: i) gathering of available information about sustainable sugar cane production; ii) formulation of indicators from specialized literature; e iii) the proposed indicators were systemized and organized in the Sustain Sugar Database and later validated by consulting specialists of the academic and production fields, plants and producers through remote consults (Applying the Delphi consult Technique to the specialists) and through a workshop. With this model and the method, the objective is to outline the sustainable sugar cane productive system in the state of São Paulo.
Designações da palavra São Paulo: estudo semântico-enunciativo do movimento histórico de 1932
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-18)
Suman, Ana Lígia Criado
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Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6597998458711698
This paper aims to develop a semantic enunciative study considering the route of meanings constructed by the determinations of the word São Paulo into the enunciative space in that it considering the language events produced by the press, during the Constitutionalist Movement of 1932. This paper is guided by the Semantics of the Events proposed and developed by Eduardo Guimarães (1989, 1999, 2002, 2002a, 2003, 2004, 2004a, 2004b, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009), wich is a semantic study based on the historicity of language, dismissing the subject from a central position to understand it as someone who is constituted by language and through language.Through its operating mechanisms, the semantics approach presented by Guimarães establishes a relationship with the Discourse Analysis and, in general, with the theories of the subject, joining it then with the French School of Discourse Analysis and with the Argumentative Semantics according to Ducrot perspectives. It is being done a study of the Semantic Domains of Determination of the word São Paulo , considering the way it is denominated by the newspapers "Folha da Manhã" and "Folha da Noite", during the the month of July 1932, when the armed movement was hatched in Brazil. In this sense, the aim is to capture the enunciative events from the statements and analyze them in order to identify , in fact, what has contributed to the significance of the concept of paulistanidade , and the senses that represents São Paulo today.
Gestão de múltiplos projetos em uma empresa de bens de capital: uso do método da corrente crítica aplicando lógica fuzzy para cálculo de pulmão de tempo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-18)
Campanini, Luciano
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Pereira, Neocles Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1838921540404825
This study approach the Critical Chain Method. This method is the Theory of Constraints applied to project management. The main contribution of this thesis is to propose a method for determining buffer size. Some literature reviews were performed on research methodology, production systems, project management, Critical Chain and Fuzzy Logic. A case study in a multiple project environment in a company that works with engineering to orders in the segment of capital goods was done. At the literature for determining buffer size, were identified in addition to the original method "Cut and Paste Method" proposed by Goldratt, four other methods: "Root Square Error Method (RSEM)", "Adaptive Procedure with Density (APD)," Adaptive Procedure with Resource Tightness (APRT) "and" Improved Root Square Error Method (IRSEM)". In the literature considered in this work, there was no application of any of the Critical Chain method in cases of multiple projects, with these four methods for determining buffer size. For the proposal of a new method for determining buffer size, elaborated in this thesis, we considered five variables that influence the outcome of the contracts and thus integrate the formulation. They are: contractual penalty, profit margin, customer importance, project complexity and resource constraints. Fuzzy logic is used to establish an adjustment factor to determining the buffer size. All these methods were simulated in the environment of multiple projects studied and some indicators were compared. In general, the proposed of buffer size using Fuzzy Logic allows the use of a greater number of project specific characteristics to determining the buffer size and the results of applications were goods when compared with other buffer size methods considered in this literature.
Estudo de integração energética de rede de trocador de calor e emissão de gases de efeito estufa em processos industriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-19)
Liem, Rosana Maria
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Kwong, Wu Hong
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9038788274263876
In light of the scientific evidence for global warming, the United Nations established the Framework Convention on Climate Change and defined the Kyoto Protocol that provided opportunities for sustainable social and economic development. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the protocols applicable to developing countries such as Brazil. Opportunities for industries to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be led by thermal energy integration studies. In addition, sustainable processes can result in energy savings as well as help to mitigate GHG emissions. This work presents a study of heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis in order to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions, and the benefits are evaluated in terms of energy savings and carbon credits for CDM projects. It was proposed to two case studies using HEN data from literature, one concerns burning fossil fuels, and other one was evaluated the bagasse combustion. Both studies were applied the Aspen Energy Analyzer® software and its performance of the design of the HEN employed the Automatic Retrofit and Automatic Recommend Designs features were evaluated too. GHG emissions were mitigated; the first case confirmed that the carbon credits improve Capital Expenditure Index, returning 13% less in payback depending on fossil fuel price. The second case presents a maximum value of reduction of 26.2% burning bagasse, 7.7% GHG emissions, 30% increase power generation, together with 19,411 carbon credits per year.
Extração e prospecção de metabólitos secundários de folhas de Annona glabra L. e análise de atividade sobre o crescimento de coleóptilos de trigo e de microorganismos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-20)
Matsumoto, Reginaldo Sadao
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Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9384309905070395
The record of Annonaceae substances increases every year, as well as the isolation of bioactive compounds in this family. Currently there is a growing demand in the discovery of natural substances less toxic than synthetic products that are herbicides, algaecides and bactericides. For this reason bio-prospection, identification and production of secondary metabolites has become increasingly important. Numerous studies on the chemical composition of Annona glabra L. were made using their seeds, fruits, stems and fewer leaves. However, the major activities studied are related to the inhibition of tumor cells. One of the major difficulties of conducting phytochemical studies is to obtain sufficient amounts of purified product for the biological testing and its economic exploitation through the subsequent synthesis of these substances. Besides the amount of substance isolated is also important to reduce costs related to such a process. The present study was designed from the preliminary results on the allelopathic effects of extracts of Annona glabra on seed germination and also due to the need for optimization of extraction of bioactive substances for use as algaecides and fungicides. Two procedures were assistants to extraction (ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE)) in bio-directed activity assays on wheat-etiolated coleoptiles. After the optimization process, an extraction mass (UAE) was performed to isolate and identify the major substances: (1) (-)-Kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, (2) β- sitosterol, (3) Stigmasterol, (4) ent-19-methoxy-19-oxokauran-17-oic acid, (5) 16α- hydro-19-acetoxy-ent-kauran-17-oic acid (annoglabasin B), (8) Asimicin and minor substances (6) ent-17-hydroxykaur-15-en-19-oic acid e (7) ent-15β,16β-epoxy-17- hydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid. Wherein the substance 5 was highly inhibitory against coleoptiles followed by the substances 4 and 8. The acetonic extract showed growth retardation of Selenastrum capricornutum in concentrations of 125-175 mgL-1 and fully inhibitory above 200 mgL-1 and IC50, at 96h, was 145 mgL-1. The oomycete Pythium aphanidermatum was inhibited at concentrations above 125 μg.disc-1. These results highlight the importance of bioprospecting of substances of this species and opening up opportunities for future commercial uses.
Produção de etanol a partir de xilose com glicose isomerase e Saccharomyces cerevisiae coimobilizadas em gel de alginato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-20)
Aquino, Patrícia Marina de
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6003805840377188
In this work, it was studied the simultaneous isomerization and fermentation of xylose to ethanol (SIF) using xylose isomerase (XI) and S. cerevisiae co-immobilized in calcium alginate gel. XI was immobilized on chitosan gel activated with glutaraldehyde (IXI-Ch). The influence of the concentration of enzyme/yeast in the reactor, the pH, temperature and yeast strain on yield and selectivity in ethanol was studied. The concentrations of enzyme and yeast in the reactor were varied by changing the mass of IXI-Ch and yeast per gram of alginate solution, maintaining fixed the ratios of biocatalyst weight: volume of medium in the reactor (1:1). The SIFs were carried out in batch with xylose (65g.L-1), antibiotics and other salts. The first experiment, with 16% Itaiquara® yeast and 5% enzyme biocatalyst (% wenzyme or yeast/wbiocatalyst) showed that pH drop occurred during the test, preventing full conversion of xylose, due to reduced enzyme activity. calcium carbonate (0.5-1.0%) was then included in the biocatalyst, which maintained the pH between 5,2 to 5,6, allowing complete conversion of the sugar at all concentrations tested (%Yeast -Enzyme in biocatalyst): 5-20, 17-5, and 10 yeast (Itaiquara ®) with 5, 10 and 20-. The maximum ethanol productivity, 2,44 ± 0,26g.L-1.h- 1 was obtained for the highest cell concentration and the highest selectivity ethanol/xylitol, 2,57 ± 0.4 and 2,42 ± 0,01 for the highest enzyme concentrations (10 and 20% with 10% yeast). These results indicated that the highest concentration of xylulose favored more selectivity to ethanol. Fermentation was then performed using no enzyme in biocatalyst with a prior isomerized syrup concentrated in xylulose containing 58g.L-1 xylulose and 9g.L-1 xylose and another with xylose only. At first, xylulose was completely assimilated in 5 hours, xylose was barely consumed in both assays, and ethanol selectivity was lower than that obtained in the SIF tests. Xylitol show thus to be produced mainly from xylulose and selectivity contrary to expectations did not directly increase with increasing xylulose concentration, indicating that the formation of ethanol/xylitol depends not only on external xylulose, and it is probably finely regulated in yeast. The concentrations of enzyme and yeast 20 and 10% (equivalent to 100gderived.L-1 reactor and 50gwd.L-1 reactor) were selected as the best, which were used to study the influence of pH and temperature, and also different strains. The increase of initial pH from 5.6 to 6.5 did not improve the productivity, yield, neither selectivity in ethanol. Temperatures tested for Itaiquara ® were 32, 35 and 37 ° C, and for industrial strains CAT-1 and BG-1: 32, 37 and 40 ° C. Viability remained above 90% for all assays at 24 hours. All three strains showed increased selectivity in ethanol with temperature reduction, obtaining the maximum selectivity for industrial strains (3,06 ± 0,24 - CAT-1 and 3,19 ± 0,11 BG-1) with yield and productivity equal or greater than those obtained in higher temperatures. At 32 ° C and pH 5.6, Itaiquara ® showed lower conversion time, but lower selectivity, while the BG-1, demonstrated the highest selectivity, but low conversion and productivity. The strain CAT-1 combines high productivity, 2,17 ± 0,17 g.L-1.h-1, and selectivity, 3,06 ± 0,24, with 90% conversion in 9 hours, 32 ° C, which is apparently the best performance among the tested yeasts. The results were very promising, indicating the technical feasibility of producing ethanol from xylose with the biocatalyst developed.
Dimensões exclusoras e transformadoras no processo de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde de Unidades de Saúde da Família no apoio ao aleitamento materno exclusivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-20)
Targino, Daniela Aparecida Salgado
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Fabbro, Márcia Regina Cangiani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6978014098495031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7089471643751585
The Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) (In English: The Family Health Strategy) is presented as a substitutive model to health care, according to the principles of the Sistema Único de Saúde (In English: the Unified Health System). It is a strategy that provides a comprehensive care to family, not only for intense situations but also for chronic deseases, with the objective of promoting and keeping health. Therefore, although the ESF is, in effect, a viable tool for the support and promotion of the Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo (AME) (In English: Exclusive Maternal Breastfeeding) health professionals should be willing to assume a dialogical approach with users that shares scientific knowledge and experiences. Therefore, the promotion and support of AME is the focus of this study, with the ESF as a research field. The goal was to analyze the exclusionary and transformative components of the work process in the family health care teams to support exclusive maternal breastfeeding. The Theoretical Framework used was constituted by the Dialogic Learning and the Dialogic Feminism and the methodological framework by the Critical Communicative Methodology. This is a qualitative study, developed with the staff of five family health units in a town in Minas Gerais, in 2011 and 2012. Data were collected using the technique of Communicative focus groups, and analyzed according to the Critical Communicative Methodology, highlighting the transformative and the exclusionary aspects regarding the support that the ESF provides to the AME. Results allowed to conclude that, within the category "Personal Experiences with the Maternal Breastfeeding transformative elements are more present than the exclusionary ones, showing that when the time of breastfeeding is longer than six months, a greater certainty exists regarding the orientations for the promotion and support of the maternal breastfeeding. In the category of "Promoting and supporting maternal breastfeeding", exclusionary elements were more present, demonstrating that even though the ESF is a reference in the support the AME, it is still influenced by an instrumental rationality, that gives place to care practices of little success. This influence creates obstacles for dialogic educational practices to favor transformation. The dialogue between researcher and participants provided by the communicative focus group allowed consensus about the fact that the promotion and support of the AME should emerge from a transformation regarding the way health orientations are performed. Therefore, the assumption of an egalitarian dialogue; in which breastfeeding is recognized in the social and cultural contexts of those who live it, respecting their knowledge and experiences and looking for the transformation of these contexts; should be present.
O desenvolvimento da viticultura irrigada na região de Juazeiro - BA e Petrolina - PE: o trabalho na contramão do discurso dominante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-20)
Leite, Ângelo Antônio Macêdo
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2885580573978250
This work aims to explain the dynamic of the production of fruit in the São Francisco Valley, mainly through the analysis of the working process. Basically, the appreciation and the accumulation of capitals rise from the economic underdevelopment and subordination of the farm workers. Some authors explain the development of fruit and grape production in this region by the local presence of natural characteristics and by its localization. This thesis goes further, and tries to demonstrate how there is a process of modernization of the agriculture in this region, turning subsistence products producer farm workers labour force into free labour force, which to reproduce itself generation after generation, is sold, and, through the sell of labour force, increases the capital value. In the last years, the agriculture production of the region of Juazeiro and Petrolina turned from a subsistence production (typical of the semiarido region) into an entrepreneurial activity, oriented to external high added value markets, based on a complex and advanced productive process and an irrigation system using São Francisco river s water. Some authors explain this new economic dynamics by the rational use of natural and structural resources and undervalue the analysis of man work, that is the core of the analysis, as we consider, the sole work aggregates value to the materials. This search was performed through a qualitative investigation. We interviewed several social actors: land owners, agricultural production managers, consultants and, mainly, land workers. Through their answers we tried to capture the essence of the production dynamics, of their lifestyle and work conditions. The search revealed the dynamic of irrigated fruit production, mainly grapefruit for exportation, is very similar to the industrial one, which aims to control the yield of the workers and the production of capital through the use of new technologies. The development of capitalistic grape fruit production in the region has grown mainly because of the occurrence of six linked processes, besides the others factors presented by other authors: 1- Direct intervention of the State through the development of policies, valorising capitalistic agri-business; 2- Expulsion of small farmers, who produced at subsistence level close to or into the irrigated region; 3- concentration of latifundia in irrigated regions and in close areas; 4- availability and use of local labour force, cheap and subordinate to the capital; 5- use of modern technologies, which enabled the production of grapes varieties to be exported to great food distribution chains; 6- industrial-style oriented management, stimulating the acceleration of working rhythm and the competition among workers.
Ação bioindicadora da entomofauna em canavial plantado entre aleias de essências florestais nativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-20)
Favetta, Marcela Marques da Silva
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Margarido, Luiz Antonio Correia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5685663057214334
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FAVETTA, M. M. S.
The present work aims to study the acquisition of environmental information through the analysis of insect fauna in an agroforestry system consisting of alleys native trees planted between strips of different widths cultivated with cane sugar. These are important complementary information for the commercial deployment of large areas of this agroforestry system that seeks to mitigate the undesirable impacts caused by sugar cane monoculture. The option for this type of analysis is linked to the practical and low cost, using simple equipment, apply without interfering with routine activities of production or the development of culture. Another aspect is the possibility of obtaining information in the short term, considering the insects are sensitive to environmental stimuli, numerous and capable of producing several generations in a short period of time. Besides that respond quickly to disturbances in their habitat features and changes in structure and function of ecosystems. Catches of the specimens were held bimonthly and lines of trees, and the tracks in culture for three complete cycles of cane sugar. We analyzed the interactions of these populations in relation to climatic aspects and between different environments formed by sugar cane planted between three different species of native trees; guapuruvu, cedar and yellow ipe. Were captured 84,644 specimens, and their records used in ecological analyzes. The results showed that initially environments formed by different combinations of tree-cane behaved differently. During studies of these environments were coalescing gradually showing a tendency to operate in the future as a single community without major conflicts. This would be a desirable feature about the purpose of implementing such agroforestry system. The spatial distribution of insect fauna occurred randomly in all environments studied. Environmental analysis with relatively simple methodology has generated consistent information.
Análise da pesquisa científica no setor citrícola a partir de indicadores bibliométricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-21)
Souza, Cláudia Daniele de
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Faria, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3322324183959154
The citrus sector includes agriculture of citrus oranges, lemons, mandarins and their hybrids and has several extremely important economic and social in more than 100 countries in all continents around the world. While some countries have local markets for fresh fruit, as is the case in Spain, Morocco, Israel, Cuba and South Africa, others depend on processing and export as an outlet for a large part of their production, for example, Brazil, United States, China, India and Mexico. The numbers and ciphers citrus sector are expressive and reflect their relevance to the world economy, however the knowledge about the measurement of scientific and bibliometric indicators in this sector is still a gap to be filled. The objective of this dissertation is to give an overview of the scientific production related to the citrus sector between 2000 and 2010 and see what the contribution of Brazil in the same period. The methodological procedures involved some steps to a better development of research: exploratory search the international database Web of Science (WoS), with the aim to find relevant keywords, grouping of terms, preparation of the search expression, collection bibliographic records, pre-treatment of the data, with bibliometric analysis software Vantage Point and finally graphical representations with with the support of software Microsoft Office Excel, and Ucinet NetDraw. The research results were analyzed bibliometric indicators on the evolution of scientific publications, their geographic distribution in the world and Brazilian regions, mapping of institutions and actors more productive, calculation of the impact and visibility of these publications, thematic investigation of specializations and also the relationships occurring in scientific collaboration. It s concluded that research on citrus sector supports and monitors the economic competitiveness of their production regions, with the generation of highly specialized knowledge.
A inserção da química verde no curso de licenciatura em química do DQ-UFSCar: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-21)
Zandonai, Dorai Periotto
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Zuin, Vânia Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8429103229212982
The present case study focused on the development, adaptation and analysis of the introduction of Green Chemistry in an experimental course in the first year of the chemistry teacher training Degree offered by the Chemistry Department of the Federal University of São Carlos (DQ-UFSCar), São Paulo State, Brazil. Modules for experimental lessons were proposed, based on the Science-Technology-Society (STS) teaching approach, and applied during one semester in a class of 30 undergraduate s (1st Semester 2011). The proposed didactic modules began with the presentation and discussion of documentaries with emphasis on controversial socioscientific issues, followed by an experiment of investigative character. All the conceptual topics included in these modules were originally part of the course syllabus, which were associated with the procedural and attitudinal contents emphasizing environmental and green chemistry education. The research corpus consisting of students textual production (response to questionnaires and reports) and transcript interviews (focal groups). The content analysis method was employed to describe and interpret the survey data. Also, the analysis of the experimental didactic modules using a holistic metric known as Green Star (GS) was carried out. Through the analysis of the results obtained by qualitative research in this case study, the didactic proposal enabled students to understand the contents in a complex context that included socioscientific issues, considering Green Chemistry as a mandatory demand for the initial teacher training.
Avaliação dos efeitos da hidroxiapatita e do resveratrol sobre o tecido ósseo de ratos contaminados com acetato de chumbo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-21)
Pastor, Fabio Alexandre Casarin
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3130130830810690
Lead (Pb) is an ubiquitous pollutant in the environmental ecosystem. Its distribution is mainly anthropogenic, coming from the burning of fossil fuels, mining and production of various industrial products. There is little knowledge of the effect of the Pb and its compounds on bone metabolism as well as potential therapies for frames contamination related to the lead. The aim of this study was to determine possible changes in the bones of adult rats contaminated with lead acetate correlated them to the effects of hydroxyapatite and the resveratrol in adult rats contaminated with lead acetate. The biomechanical, biometric, biophysical, microtomographic bone parameters, the radiographic density, the concentration of Pb and metalloproteinase activity in bone tissue were analyzed. The animals were distributed into 6 groups of 8 rats each: control, treated with saline 0.9% (0.1 ml/100g BM), hydroxyapatite, treat with hydroxyapatite (100 mg/kg BM), contaminated, treated with lead acetate (250 mg/kg BM), contaminated + hydroxyapatite, treated with lead acetate (250mg/kg BM) and hydroxyapatite (100mg/kg BM); the treatments were carry out once per week for 8 weeks by gastric gavage. The groups contaminated + resveratrol, treated with lead acetate (250 mg/kg BM) and resveratrol (0.7 mg/kg BM ) and DMSO, treated with dimethylsulfoxide (0.1 ml/100g BM), 5 times a week for 8 weeks by intraperitoneal injections. The contamination with lead acetate promoted incorporation of it in bone tissue leading to a reduction in bone strength of femurs and vertebrae, reduction of vertebral trabecular contingent, and increased activity of metalloproteins type 2. The treatment with hydroxyapatite (100 mg/kg MC) as well with resveratrol (0.7 mg/kg MC) prevented the deleterious effects of lead contamination at the proposed dose, including reducing the activity values of metalloproteins type 2 to levels similar to that of control group. Therefore, the results point to hydroxyapatite and resveratrol as potential treatment agents in lead contamination, preventing damage to the quality of bone tissue caused by this element.
Efeito do envelhecimento e do treinamento resistido sobre ossos de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-21)
Bogni, Fabio Henrique
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0876653298611608
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of high-intensity resistance training on the activity of bone matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), biometric, biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical properties of young and aged rats. We used 62 intact male rats, Rattus norvegicus albinos ("Wistar") randomly distributed into 4 groups: young sedentary (YS), young trained (YT), older sedentary (OS) and old trained (OT). The rats (YT and OT) performed resistance training, during 12 weeks, consisted of climbing a vertical ladder with weights fixed on their tails. The sessions were executed three times a week, every other day. The biomechanical, physical, biochemical and MMP-2 activity of bones analysis were performed, respectively, using a universal testing machine, Archimedes principle, commercial kit and zymography. In this study, the training promoted a reduction of body mass in YT animals, and reduced bone stiffness and pro MMP activity in the OT group. With aging occured differences of the charge of loading (absolute and relative) between the trained groups (YT greater than OT), body mass (increased among youth, increased initial mass and decreased final mass in the elderly), an increase in the right femur length, mineral material (calcium and phosphorus) and stiffness, however, a decrease of organic material. In this study, the training protocol did not cause effects on bone tissue chosen for analysis. In this study, the training protocol did not cause effects on bone tissue chosen for analysis.
Uma arquitetura de software baseada em serviços para sinalização digital interativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-21)
Freitas, Douglas Oliveira de
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Guardia, Hélio Crestana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2703771230798916
The use of large displays for digital signage in collective spaces is increasing for numerous purposes. For most signalling scenarios, the dynamic adjustment of the display contents is desirable. Contextual information related to the site and to the signalling profile of observers may be taken into consideration for the selection of content and for user interaction. Interactions can occur implicitly and transparently, by just mutually identifying users and systems for the selection of the content displayed, or by allowing the explicit data exchange between users and the signalling system. Mobile computing devices and wireless technologies extend the possibilities of interaction with users, creating a complex scenario for the exhibition of public and private data. The dynamic analysis of contextual information, the retrieval and generation of presentation data, and the interaction with users all require significant processing which demonstrate the complexity of encoding a digital signage system. This thesis presents a distributed system and service-based software architecture developed for creating interactive digital signage systems. The architecture allows the centralized, but scalable, creation and management of digital signage systems containing different displays and users. An implementation of the proposed architectural model and software was carried out and the results show its ability to serve the creation of dynamic, flexible and interactive digital signage systems.
Síntese e aplicação de organocatalisadores em reações de epoxidação assimétricas visando a síntese de compostos bioativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-22)
Deobald, Anna Maria
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4155945975649069
Given the importance and growth of organocatalysis as an important tool in organic synthesis, in this work a new class of organocatalysts derived from proline was synthesized and applied in epoxidation reactions of electron deficient conjugated double bonds. Additionally, the methodology was employed in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Initially, the new organocatalysts were prepared as shown in the scheme below. They were synthesized from proline, an inexpensive and commercially available amino acid, in two or three steps with good overall yields. The organocatalysts 1a-e were employed in the epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The best results were obtained with catalyst 1d, furnishing the epoxy-aldehydes 4a-h in good yields, diastereoisomeric ratio and enantiomeric excesses. It is worthy to note that this methodology could employ mild conditions and environmental friendly solvents (water and ethanol). The amino-alcohols 2a-e were used as catalysts in the epoxidation of chalcones leading to formation of the epoxy-ketones 11a-j with good yields and enantiomeric excesses. The best results were obtained using the catalyst 2b. The developed methodology for epoxidation of enals was further employed in the synthesis of α-epoxy-aciloxycarboxamides through a one pot Tandem epoxidation/Passerini reaction. Compounds 15a-f are novel and had their activity evaluated from the inhibition of cathepsins K, V and L, showing interesting inhibitory percentages for two compounds. This methodology was also applied in the asymmetric synthesis of two stereoisomers of 3,4-epoxy-6,9-eneicosadiene (16), possible sex pheromone component of the moth Thyrinteina arnobia, a serious pest of eucalyptus and other native plants in Brazil.
O naturalismo ético no behaviorismo radical de B. F. Skinner
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24)
Castro, Marina Souto Lopes Bezerra de
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7823256809341659
We presuppose the existence of an Ethics in Skinner's work. It reveals, at least, three aspects: a Metaethics, a Normative and an Applied Ethics, which will be detailed in the present investigation. Before this, we will try to present chronologically the development of his ideas related to this topic. We conclude that the Skinnerian Ethics may be considered as a Naturalistic one. We attempt to describe it. Inside the Naturalistic Ethics, Skinner proposes something interesting, relevant, well founded, both in relation to a methaethics as well as in relation to the principles for an applied ethics. There are questionable points, one of them indicated in our last work, that is the attempt to traduce/reduce prescriptive aspects into descriptive ones, disregarding the difference between the causal determinants for tacts and those for mands. In this approach, we will essay a depth analysis, identifying what maybe is the core, or final, aspect of this tension: the defense of a technocracy, a huge problem found in the Skinnerian Ethics. What would be the limit for the technical authority? Prescriptions based on scientific knowledge are fully appropriate and acceptable, but what would be the limit for the derivation of mands from scientific evidence? Is there an alternative? Our thesis is this: Skinnerian Ethics is a kind of Naturalistic Ethics, and its main limitation is the defense of a technocracy.
Super resolução baseada em métodos iterativos de restauração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24)
Castro, Márcia Luciana Aguena
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1971933217288472
The resolution enhancement of an image is always desirable, independently of its objective, but mainly if the image has the purpose of visual analysis. The hardware development for increasing the image resolution still has a higher cost than the algorithmic solutions for super-resolution. Like image restoration, super-resolution is also an ill-conditioned inverse problem, and has an infinite number of solutions. This work analyzes the iterative restoration methods (Van Cittert, Tikhonov-Miller and Conjugate Gradiente) which propose solutions for the ill-conditioning problem and compares them with the IBP method (Iterative Back Projection). The analysis of the found similarities is the basis of a generalization, such that other iterative restoration methods can have their properties adapted, as regularization of the ill-conditioning, noise reduction and other degradations and the increase of the convergence rate can be incorporated to the techniques of super-resolution. Two new methods were created as case studies of the proposed generalization: the first one is a super-resolution method for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the swallowing process, that uses an adaptiveWiener filtering as regularization and a non-rigid registration; and the second one is a pan sharpening method of SPOT satellite bands, that uses sampling based on sensor s characteristics and non-adaptive Wiener filtering.
Professores em formação: significados construídos no processo de interação em sala de aula de português língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24)
Izaki, Marina Ayumi
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Viana, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9617486141616121
According to Almeida Filho (2005), the classroom is not the most important part of the language teaching/learning process, but it is certainly the most significant one. Based on this assumption, the classroom turns up to be the "stage" where both teacher and student can achieve and produce the potential work regarding the language teaching/learning process. As conferred by Novelli (1997:49), the classroom is where humans meet and, precisely for this reason, we can recognize, in this "meeting", that the produced knowledge is constructed through teacher/learner and learner/learner interaction. Thus, when we consider its actualization in the language teaching/learning classroom, interaction can be regarded as highly relevant. In this sense, this research focuses on the process of interaction between the teacher and foreign learners in the context of Portuguese as a foreign language classroom. The investigation will be oriented by Bakhtin s theory of language and by assumptions of the Communicative Approach related to the teaching of foreign language. According to Bakhtin´s ideas (1997), the subject seeks its wholeness in another person/others, who are also uncompleted/unfinished. Only through the eyes of someone else we can have the awareness about our own half-full/half being/ our uncompleted selves. This process of noticing the other and be noticed by the other is made possible through interaction. We recognize that the other is essential for us to understand who we are, and in this language teaching/learning context this perspective makes it relevant to the investigation on how the teacher relates to the other (student) and which are the meanings produced through this meeting. Recognizing that human beings are social agents who are constructed in/by interaction, it is possible to assume that improving comprehension of the relationship self-other within the context of foreign language learning/teaching is of considerable importance, especially in the contemporary context of language teaching, theoretically oriented by assumptions of the communicative approach which emphasizes meaningful interactions and allows us to take the class as an important stage of cultural and social-historical constructions. Regarding the methodology, this investigation was conducted with the use of qualitative procedures based on ethnographic and interpretive methods. As part of the theory that oriented this research belongs to another area, we discussed about the multi-, inter-, trans-, or in-disciplinary character of Applied Linguistics. Regarding the achieved results, it was noticed that the use of authentic material by teachers in the classroom is not a guarantee of communicative teaching, as interactions constructed in that place can prioritize the structure of language and not its meaningful use. According to Bizon (1994:45) it is the chosen approach, consciously or not by the teacher, what can determine the interaction built in the classroom. Taking into consideration that studies on human interaction are fundamental to understand life in society, we expect that this research will help to develop critical reflection and comprehension related to the area of Portuguese as foreign language, thus offering contribution to teacher s education process.