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Síntese e aplicação de organocatalisadores em reações de epoxidação assimétricas visando a síntese de compostos bioativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-22)
Deobald, Anna Maria
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4155945975649069
Given the importance and growth of organocatalysis as an important tool in organic synthesis, in this work a new class of organocatalysts derived from proline was synthesized and applied in epoxidation reactions of electron deficient conjugated double bonds. Additionally, the methodology was employed in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Initially, the new organocatalysts were prepared as shown in the scheme below. They were synthesized from proline, an inexpensive and commercially available amino acid, in two or three steps with good overall yields. The organocatalysts 1a-e were employed in the epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The best results were obtained with catalyst 1d, furnishing the epoxy-aldehydes 4a-h in good yields, diastereoisomeric ratio and enantiomeric excesses. It is worthy to note that this methodology could employ mild conditions and environmental friendly solvents (water and ethanol). The amino-alcohols 2a-e were used as catalysts in the epoxidation of chalcones leading to formation of the epoxy-ketones 11a-j with good yields and enantiomeric excesses. The best results were obtained using the catalyst 2b. The developed methodology for epoxidation of enals was further employed in the synthesis of α-epoxy-aciloxycarboxamides through a one pot Tandem epoxidation/Passerini reaction. Compounds 15a-f are novel and had their activity evaluated from the inhibition of cathepsins K, V and L, showing interesting inhibitory percentages for two compounds. This methodology was also applied in the asymmetric synthesis of two stereoisomers of 3,4-epoxy-6,9-eneicosadiene (16), possible sex pheromone component of the moth Thyrinteina arnobia, a serious pest of eucalyptus and other native plants in Brazil.
O naturalismo ético no behaviorismo radical de B. F. Skinner
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24)
Castro, Marina Souto Lopes Bezerra de
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7823256809341659
We presuppose the existence of an Ethics in Skinner's work. It reveals, at least, three aspects: a Metaethics, a Normative and an Applied Ethics, which will be detailed in the present investigation. Before this, we will try to present chronologically the development of his ideas related to this topic. We conclude that the Skinnerian Ethics may be considered as a Naturalistic one. We attempt to describe it. Inside the Naturalistic Ethics, Skinner proposes something interesting, relevant, well founded, both in relation to a methaethics as well as in relation to the principles for an applied ethics. There are questionable points, one of them indicated in our last work, that is the attempt to traduce/reduce prescriptive aspects into descriptive ones, disregarding the difference between the causal determinants for tacts and those for mands. In this approach, we will essay a depth analysis, identifying what maybe is the core, or final, aspect of this tension: the defense of a technocracy, a huge problem found in the Skinnerian Ethics. What would be the limit for the technical authority? Prescriptions based on scientific knowledge are fully appropriate and acceptable, but what would be the limit for the derivation of mands from scientific evidence? Is there an alternative? Our thesis is this: Skinnerian Ethics is a kind of Naturalistic Ethics, and its main limitation is the defense of a technocracy.
Super resolução baseada em métodos iterativos de restauração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24)
Castro, Márcia Luciana Aguena
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1971933217288472
The resolution enhancement of an image is always desirable, independently of its objective, but mainly if the image has the purpose of visual analysis. The hardware development for increasing the image resolution still has a higher cost than the algorithmic solutions for super-resolution. Like image restoration, super-resolution is also an ill-conditioned inverse problem, and has an infinite number of solutions. This work analyzes the iterative restoration methods (Van Cittert, Tikhonov-Miller and Conjugate Gradiente) which propose solutions for the ill-conditioning problem and compares them with the IBP method (Iterative Back Projection). The analysis of the found similarities is the basis of a generalization, such that other iterative restoration methods can have their properties adapted, as regularization of the ill-conditioning, noise reduction and other degradations and the increase of the convergence rate can be incorporated to the techniques of super-resolution. Two new methods were created as case studies of the proposed generalization: the first one is a super-resolution method for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the swallowing process, that uses an adaptiveWiener filtering as regularization and a non-rigid registration; and the second one is a pan sharpening method of SPOT satellite bands, that uses sampling based on sensor s characteristics and non-adaptive Wiener filtering.
Professores em formação: significados construídos no processo de interação em sala de aula de português língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24)
Izaki, Marina Ayumi
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Viana, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9617486141616121
According to Almeida Filho (2005), the classroom is not the most important part of the language teaching/learning process, but it is certainly the most significant one. Based on this assumption, the classroom turns up to be the "stage" where both teacher and student can achieve and produce the potential work regarding the language teaching/learning process. As conferred by Novelli (1997:49), the classroom is where humans meet and, precisely for this reason, we can recognize, in this "meeting", that the produced knowledge is constructed through teacher/learner and learner/learner interaction. Thus, when we consider its actualization in the language teaching/learning classroom, interaction can be regarded as highly relevant. In this sense, this research focuses on the process of interaction between the teacher and foreign learners in the context of Portuguese as a foreign language classroom. The investigation will be oriented by Bakhtin s theory of language and by assumptions of the Communicative Approach related to the teaching of foreign language. According to Bakhtin´s ideas (1997), the subject seeks its wholeness in another person/others, who are also uncompleted/unfinished. Only through the eyes of someone else we can have the awareness about our own half-full/half being/ our uncompleted selves. This process of noticing the other and be noticed by the other is made possible through interaction. We recognize that the other is essential for us to understand who we are, and in this language teaching/learning context this perspective makes it relevant to the investigation on how the teacher relates to the other (student) and which are the meanings produced through this meeting. Recognizing that human beings are social agents who are constructed in/by interaction, it is possible to assume that improving comprehension of the relationship self-other within the context of foreign language learning/teaching is of considerable importance, especially in the contemporary context of language teaching, theoretically oriented by assumptions of the communicative approach which emphasizes meaningful interactions and allows us to take the class as an important stage of cultural and social-historical constructions. Regarding the methodology, this investigation was conducted with the use of qualitative procedures based on ethnographic and interpretive methods. As part of the theory that oriented this research belongs to another area, we discussed about the multi-, inter-, trans-, or in-disciplinary character of Applied Linguistics. Regarding the achieved results, it was noticed that the use of authentic material by teachers in the classroom is not a guarantee of communicative teaching, as interactions constructed in that place can prioritize the structure of language and not its meaningful use. According to Bizon (1994:45) it is the chosen approach, consciously or not by the teacher, what can determine the interaction built in the classroom. Taking into consideration that studies on human interaction are fundamental to understand life in society, we expect that this research will help to develop critical reflection and comprehension related to the area of Portuguese as foreign language, thus offering contribution to teacher s education process.
Passos em falso? Os processos de formação do espaço das consultorias em sustentabilidade no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24)
Botta, Elisa Nogueira Novaes
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2836813099831483
The emergence of Sustainable Development and thereafter , of Corporate Sustainability, integrated representative elites of social space that until then were developing independently .Furthermore it showed new ways of conduct in the corporative environment ,favoring the emergence of a new market ,with new actors and services, specialized in orientating the client towards a sustainable conduct . As this idea is institutionalized it starts being adopted among many consulting groups , inaugurating new polarization in this universe, .This doctorate research supported on the new Economic Sociology by Pierre Bourdieui investigated the processes of identity formation and identity construction, such as their relations in this new constituted social space, of Consulting Sustainability in Brazil.
Nanocompósitos de polietileno linear de baixa densidade (LLDPE)/argila montmorilonita: processamento, morfologia e propriedades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-25)
Komatsu, Daniel
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Ruvolo Filho, Adhemar Colla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7511722134943618
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2620060426867863
Polymer nanocomposites filled with lamellar silicates are considered hybrid materials (organic-inorganic) of great interest both in industry and the universities, since their properties are superior to neat polymer. In this work LLDPE/ montmorillonite clay (Cloisite 20A) nanocomposites were prepared by diluting a masterbatch (20%w/w) clay, on a twin-screw extruder to get final concentrations of 1.5%, 2.5%, 5.0 %, 7.5% and 10.0% clay, by using LLDPE-g-MA as compatibilizer in a 2:1 ratio with the montmorillonite clay. With the aid of the techniques for structural characterization, it was observed that the montmorillonite clay shows good distribution in the nanocomposite up to 5.0% clay and, moreover these samples clay are dispersed in intercalated and exfoliated (predominantly) forms. In nanocomposites 7.5 and 10.0% clay was observed that the distribution and dispersion are impaired, coexisting intercalated and aggregate clay form (predominantly). TEM images were used to estimate the aspect ratio of the dispersed clay in the nanocomposite. In this case, the nanocomposite with 1.5% clay showed value between 10 and 12. Using thermogravimetric analysis, it was possible to evaluate the thermal stability. In this case can be observed that the clay increased the thermal stability of the matrix of LLDPE with only 1.5% clay. DSC curves showed that there is no strong interaction between montmorillonite clay and LLDPE, since there is no displacement of the melting peaks of these nanocomposites compared to the peak of neat LLDPE. The clay improves also the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites relative to LLDPE and increase the modulus value around 50% and 20% for impact resistance with 5.0% montmorillonite clay. The gas permeation test shows that the montmorillonite clay improves the barrier property of LLDPE to water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide. In addition, the sorption test shows that the clay improves also the barrier property to dichloromethane molecules. Finally these montmorillonite clay nanocomposites were exposed to water and fuels aging and after this their properties were characterized and it was related to their structure after aging. In this case, it is observed that the aging process causes a change in its structure and it reflects the final property of polymeric material (mechanical, thermal, barrier).
Regularização ambiental de propriedades agrícolas: transição de cenários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-26)
Storani, Denis
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Colato, Alexandre
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5460973924624757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6384020342617941
The constant changes of the forest legislation in Brazil show the complexity in its interpretation and application by the farmers in their properties. Since the first Forest Code (FC) through the decree no. 23.793 from 1934, going through the creation of the New FC through the Federal Law no. 4.771 from 1965 to the Federal Law no. 12.651 from 2012 which formulated the previous one, there were significant changes on the concepts, parameters and on the application way on those standards according to the preservation and the natural sources management of the farms, however, for their regularization should be observed basically two kinds of restriction of the soil usage proposed by the forest law: the permanent preservation area (PPA) and the legal reserve (LR). Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the transition of the scenes according to the environmental regularization of the farms of the FC from 1965 and FC from 2012, besides to create a timeline from 1934 to 2012, analyzing the main legislations about the creation of the FC diagrams from 1965 and FC from 2012, analyzing the actions which should be done to regulate the farm. It was verified that the FC from 1965 was effective for 47 years, but it had gone through more than 80 modifications in its original text being more constant in the 90 s and 2000 s, nevertheless more than 90% of the farms didn t respect it. The reform of the FC from 1965, consolidated only by the end of 2012 through the Federal Law no. 12.727 which converted the MP no. 571 changing definitely the Federal Law no. 12.651 from May, 25th aimed to modernize trying to pair the FC from 2012 to the new reality of the Brazilian agriculture, bringing new mechanisms and tools to make its application easier. Although these devices should be applied in a practical and simple way to attend the 5.175.636 farms in a two year deadline, taking the risk of disuse like the previous FC.
Influência do período de molhamento, temperatura e concentração de inóculo de Pyricularia grisea na ocorrência da brusone em plântulas de trigo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-26)
Storani, Waleska Del Pietro
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Urashima, Alfredo Seiiti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289170266294665
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2319417739940887
Blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe grisea (anamorph Pyricularia grisea), is one of the main diseases of wheat and is disseminated throughout main producing states of the Country. It has been causing significant yield loss and is a limiting factor for the crop s expansion in central Brazil where the weather is highly favorable. The use of resistant cultivars can be influenced by weather conditions and concentration of inoculum. Chapter 1 of the present dissertation describes the influence of period of foliar wetness on the occurrence of blast in wheat seedlings in two experiments. The first one employed cultivars BH1146 (resistant) and BR40 (susceptible) inoculated with the Pyricularia isolate PR06- 03. In the second assay, the cultivars were BR18 (resistant) and Anahuac (susceptible) inoculated with the fungal isolate PR01-23. Five treatments were the period of wetness (6, 10, 14, 18 and 24h) in ten replications. Analysis was performed using a completely randomized design with a factorial plan of the treatments (five foliar wetness periods and 2 cultivars). Results showed that the minimum period needed for the development of the disease was 10 hours when inoculated with the isolate PR06-03. The longer the foliar wetness period the higher the incidence and severity of the disease regardless the resistance of cultivars. Chapter 2 aimed to determine the influence of the weather and concentration of P. grisea on the incidence and severity of blast. The experiment used totally randomized design with a factorial plan of the treatments: four concentrations (10³, 104, 105, 106 spores/ml) and two cultivars, ten repetitions. The wheat cultivars were BR18 (resistant) and Anahuac (susceptible) which were inoculated with 50ml of P. grisea suspension (isolate PR06-03) at the concentrations 10³, 104, 105, 106 spores/ml. The seedlings were submitted to temperatures of 22ºC and 28ºC for 18 hours of foliar wetness. The results showed that at 22ºC higher disease severity occurred on susceptible cultivar whereas the disease was the same for both cultivars at 28ºC. The resistant cultivar reacted like a susceptible when submitted to high temperature and high concentration of pathogen.
Aplicação e avaliação de critérios semi-empíricos para o desenvolvimento de novas ligas vítreas do sistema Ti-Cu-Ni
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-26)
Mendes, Marcio Andreato Batista
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Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5443002033733395
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7695641535327968
The selection of good glass forming compositions is not a simple undertaking and many groups work on models and theoretical approximations in order to predict or at least guide the laborious and expensive experimental pinpointing of compositions in a given system. The DEMa-UFSCar group , in partnership with the solidification group of the EESC/SMM-USP , have worked in semi-empirical criteria based on a combination of topological aspects (criterion λmin), electronegativity (criteria Δe) and enthalpy of mixing of the elements [criterion Log(RC)] to predict compositions with high Glass Forming Ability (GFA). These criteria have shown good results to predict compositions with high GFA. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the efforts being made to improve the efficiency and to expand the applications of these proposed criteria. For this study, we used the Log (RC) criterion and the combined criteria λmin x Δe. Using these criteria, nine composition of the Ti-Cu-Ni system were selected and were processed in the laboratory, so the theoretical and experimental results were compared. The experimental results were also compared with the theoretical results of other criteria reported in the literature. This study was performed with the use of rapidly solidified ribbons and analyzed by thermal analysis (DSC), Xray diffraction (XRD) and statistical tools. The results showed that the proposed criteria have low correlation with the experimental results; and to increase that correlation we proposed some improvements in the criteria. Additionally, through another study it was possible to determine the first stages of devitrification of the amorphous structure and to compare them with the predictions of the criteria Log (RC) and λmin x Δe. For this, we selected 4 alloys of the Ti-Cu-Ni system and a study of crystallization kinetics was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DSC and XRD analyzes. It was revealed that the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical results partially.
Teorema de Schur no plano de Minkowski e caracterização de hélices inclinadas no espaço de Minkowski
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-27)
Ramos, Luciano de Melo
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Villagra, Guillermo Antonio Lobos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962956853017869
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4729690132344958
A classical theorem of differential geometry of curves in Euclidean space is the Schur's Theorem, that was proof by A. Schur in 1921, when both curvatures agree pointwise [3]. The proof in the general case was proved in 1925 by E. Schmidt in [4]. The first objective in this dissertation is to present Lorentzian version of Schur's Theorem in the Minkowski plane. Then we will show some applications due to R. López [1]. In the Minkowski space we will see that the Schur's Theorem is false. The second objective is show a characterization of slant helices in the Minkowski space obtained by A. T. Ali and R. López in [2], which extends naturally a characterization of slant helices in Euclidean space obtained in 2004 by S. Izumiya And N. Takeuchi [6]. We conclude with an application that characterization of slant helices [2].
Práticas agroecológicas adotadas pelos agricultores familiares do Assentamento Vista Alegre no semiárido cearense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-27)
Vasconcelos, José Maria Gomes
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Franco, Fernando Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7153260985986526
The adopted model of agriculture in the northeast of Brazil, has caused the degradation of the caatinga, reducing the soil productive capacity, income generation and food security in the semi-arid region. The preservation of the caatinga, fixing the man to the field, their well-being, coupled with income generation, are possible factors of sustainability and local development. The objective of this work was to analyze the production system and the insertion of agroecological practices adopted by farmers of Vista Alegre settlement in the city of Quixeramobim, Ceará. research was developed with families, obtained the following results: The study noted that 100% families adopt the practice of organic fertilization, the use of manure of cattle, about 90% for farmers not to clear forests, nearly 80% of settlers do not effect burnings, about 90% of the producers do not use pesticides. These practices seem to be essential to the performance of family agriculture, maintenance and/or improvement of fertility of agroecosystems, are important tools for the sustainability of agricultural production, and lower level of dependence on external inputs and reducing the costs of production.
Estudo do potencial de sequestro de carbono por restauro florestal em matas ripárias de APPS rurais da UGRHI do Tietê-Jacaré no município de São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-27)
Dias, Roseli Mendonça
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
The intense greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere, including Carbon Dioxide (CO2), are the main causes intensifying climate changes. According to Brazil s Forest Code, riparian forests are part of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) of water bodies, and their primary function regards their preservation, thereby contributing to biodiversity. Moreover, they contribute to minimize the greenhouse effect by promoting carbon sequestration (CO2). Thus, their preservation and/or recovery are the focal point of great concern. The objective of this study is to determine the potential for forest carbon sequestration in riparian forests of PPAs under the Unit for Water Resources Management of the Tietê-Jacaré (UGRHI 13) in the city of São Carlos SP, Brazil. The recuperation of the riparian areas was declared as high priority by the Committee of the Watershed UGRHI 13 in its Watershed Plan. Within this plan, forestry projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) represent an incentive for reforesting the PPAs of the water bodies of UGRHI 13 and other UGRHIs. The methodology used in this work consisted in the use of visual interpretation of satellite images, field samplings and the development of procedures to classify the degradation levels of the riparian forests into three categories: closed-canopy, open shrubland and predominantly herbaceous. The methodology also included applying a model to determine the Potential Biomass Index (PBI), estimating the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) density, calculating the financial yield from the income of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) for the forests in the study area, and determining the tCO2e value. For the closed canopy category, approximately 1.372 ha of PPAs with potential sequestration of 175.43tCO2e/ha were found, which would yield CDM of R$456.10 with the current price per tonne in April 2013; for the open shrubland category, approximately 1.573 ha of the PPAs, with a potential of 212.97tCO2e/ha and yield of R$553.70; and lastly, for the predominantly herbaceous category, 388 ha of PPAs, with a sequestration potential of 243.80tCO2e/ha and yield of R$633.90. This indicates that by restoring the still young and degraded forests of these PPAs, they will sequester significant amounts of carbon until they reach their maximum size. The financial revenues obtained by forest carbon sequestration would bear part of the costs of restoring the riparian forests in the PPAs. With the tCO2e values at R$26.00 for the closed canopy category, R$58.00 for the open shrubland category and R$84.00 for the predominantly herbaceous category, companies interested in offsetting their GHG emissions could buy the RECs at the values stipulated, adding their image to the carbon sequestration projects.
Análise das relações de poder que permeiam os processos de trabalho de uma equipe de saúde da família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-27)
Silva, Iramildes Souza
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Arantes, Cássia Irene Spinelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4246837549578145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2485353465158702
The Family Health strategy in Brazil emerges as a way to a reorientation of the assistance pattern concerning basic health, proposing a new way of doing health work under a new understanding, focusing on the family (user) and in the staff. It proposes that the workers act in groups facing doings which they do not master and still need to discover, built, invent, to change their way of working, which involves going beyond a hierarchical technical work pursuing social interaction among the staff where there is a greater horizontality and flexibility of the power relations. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the power relationships in the working process of the nursing team, community health worker and other workers in a Family Health team in the city of Araraquara, town located in São Paulo State, with greater focus on the first two professional categories mentioned. It was, among other elements, the capability of the Family Health Strategy and teamwork as promoters of the subjects emancipation acting to improve the served population s lives. The theoretical referentials supported the concepts and the definitions of the studied team. We conducted a descriptive case study with qualitative approach. For data collection a systematic observation and interviews were carried out. The thematic content analysis resulted in five categories: the working process of the Family Health team, the family health strategy as a setting capable of promoting autonomy of the Health Family team work, the triggers of conflicts existing in the FS team work; the solutions of conflicts indicated by the Family Health team and the nurse s supervision as an expression of power. The results showed that when promoting the care, the team also produces the power relations driven by knowledge and hierarchical practices which move both in the production of such powers as well as by reordering them, in the perspective that power circulates and permeates the entire social body (team), producing its effects, often positive, which can forge the progressive trials in the deconstruction of asymmetries among workers.
O documentário contemporâneo da Paraíba e as políticas públicas de incentivo à produção audiovisual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-27)
Gama, Filipe Brito
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Sá Neto, Arthur Autran Franco de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5055550097454248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4341650547782826
The present dissertation aims to study the relation between the production of documentaries in Paraíba in the first decade of the 2000s and public policies of incentive of audiovisual production. To understand this context, were observed what the main laws, edicts and contests that promote the financing of documentaries in Paraíba in the period surveyed, noting funding sources at the federal, state and municipal levels.During the research, was possible to map 25 documentary films made in Paraíba, funded by public edicts, which were analyzed separately and then compared in order to understand what are the main characteristics of this group of films. For the realization of this survey, we used the bibliography about audiovisual policy in Brazil, as well as texts about the national and Paraíba s documentary production. Additionally, was looked up to the texts of laws and edicts, and data offered by public agencies. The contact with the filmmakers and with the works were shaped as fundamental sources for realization of this text.
Mecanismos prosencefálicos e da área rostroventrolateral do bulbo no controle de respostas cardiovasculares em ratos acordados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-28)
Gomide, Joelma Maria Cardoso
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9648215526253497
The rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a main central area of origin of sympathetic premotor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and has an important role in the generation and maintenance of sympathetic vasomotor tone. The RVLM receives both excitatory and inhibitory influences from different regions of the CNS. Recent results from our laboratory suggest that the activity of forebrain cholinergic and angiotensinergic mechanisms and anteroventral region of the third ventricle (AV3V) is important for the pressor response produced by injection of the excitatory amino acid glutamate in the RVLM. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of carbachol (cholinergic agonist) or angiotensin II (ANG II) causes pressor responses dependent on sympathetic activation and vasopressin secretion that are abolished by lesions of the AV3V region. Studies in anesthetized rats suggested that changes in fluid-electrolyte balance, particularly in rats with access to only normal chow and 0.9% NaCl for 14 days, increases sympathetic activity and blood pressure in response to injections of glutamate into the RVLM. In the present study, we investigated the cardiovascular responses produced by injection of glutamate, acetylcholine, GABA and angiotensin II in the RVLM in unanesthetized rats after 24 h water deprivation or access to only normal chow and 0.9% NaCl for 14 days. In this last protocol it was also tested the effects of different doses of glutamate (0.1, 1, 3 and 5 nmol/100 nl) injected into the RVLM. Basal mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in rats with 24 h of water deprivation (108 +- 2 mmHg and 354 +- 17 bpm, respectively) or rats treated with normal chow and 0.9% NaCl for 14 days (115 +- 2 mmHg and 359 +- 17 bpm, respectively) were not different from those of control animals (113 +- 2 mmHg and 383 +- 16 bpm, respectively). Changes in MAP of animals with 24 h water deprivation were not different from those observed in control animals after injection into the RVLM of glutamate (5 nmol/100 nl) (51 +- 3 mmHg, vs. controls: 55 +- 4 mmHg), acetylcholine (10 nmol/100 nl) (22 +- 9 mmHg, vs. controls: 15 +- 12 mmHg), angiotensin II (200 ng/100 nl) (41 +- 5 mmHg, vs. controls: 50 +- 6 mmHg) or GABA (1 nmol/100 nl) (-19 +- 3 mmHg, vs. controls: -19 +- 3 mmHg). In animals that had access to 0.9% NaCl for 14 days, the changes in MAP were also similar to control animals after injection into the RVLM of glutamate (42 +- 7 mmHg, vs. controls: 46 +- 16 mmHg), acetylcholine (31 +- 3 mmHg, vs. controls: 26 +- 2 mmHg), angiotensin II (53 +- 4 mmHg, vs. controls: 46 +- 8 mmHg) or GABA (-22 +- 5 mmHg vs. controls: -17 +- 4 mmHg). In rats with access to 0.9% NaCl for 14 days we did not observe differences in the changes in MAP produced by injection of glutamate into the RVLM at doses of 0.1 nmol/100 nl (11 +- 1 mmHg, vs. controls: 10 +- 4 mmHg), 1 nmol/100 nl (17 +- 6 mmHg, vs. controls: 14 +- 4 mmHg), 3 nmol/100 nl (24 +- 9 mmHg, vs. controls: 43 +- 11 mmHg) or 5 nmol/100 nl (43 +- 6 mmHg, vs. controls: 56 +- 6 mmHg). The HR variations produced by the different treatments in the RVLM in control rats, rats with 24 h of water deprivation or those that had access to 0.9% NaCl for 14 days were also similar. Unlike the results in the literature with anesthetized rats, the present results suggest that the access to normal chow and 0.9% NaCl for 14 days does not modify the cardiovascular responses produced by the injection of different doses of glutamate, acetylcholine, ANG II or GABA into the RVLM in unanesthetized rats. The same is true for unanesthetized rats with 24 h water deprivation. Another objective of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular responses produced by injection of glutamate into the RVLM in awake rats pretreated with either carbachol (cholinergic agonist) or ANG II injected into the lateral ventricle (LV). Basal MAP and HR of the animals were 117 +- 4 mmHg and 400 +- 17 bpm, respectively. The pressor response produced by injection of glutamate (5 nmol/100 nl) into the RVLM increased after pretreatment with carbachol (4 nmol/1 £gl) or Ang II (50 ng/1 £gl) injected icv (59 +- 3 and 68 +- 5 mmHg, respectively) compared with the control responses produced by glutamate injection in the RVLM combined with icv injection of vehicle (37 +- 3 mmHg). The pressor responses produced by the injection of carbachol or ANG II icv (which reached a maximum of 56 +- 3 and 44 +- 3 mmHg, respectively) were already reduced (9 +- 2 and 6 +- 3 mmHg, respectively) at the time of injection glutamate into the RVLM (20 min after icv injection). There was no difference in the changes in HR that occurred after the injection of carbachol or ANG II into the LV or glutamate injected into the RVLM alone or combined. These results suggest that central cholinergic or angiotensinergic activation facilitates the pressor response produced by RVLM glutamatergic activation. Moxonidine (£\2 adrenergic/imidazole receptor agonist), used as antihypertensive, reduces sympathetic discharges by central action. Thus, we investigated the effect of previous injection of moxonidine into the RVLM on the cardiovascular responses produced by glutamate injection in the same area. Basal MAP and HR of the animals were 112 +- 4 mmHg and 393 +- 30 bpm, respectively. The previous injection of moxonidine (5 nmol/100 nl) into the RVLM reduced the pressor response produced by the injection of glutamate (5 nmol/100 nl) into the RVLM (23 +- 3 mmHg, vs. after vehicle: 45 +- 6 mmHg) without significant changes in the bradycardic response (-7 +- 18 bpm, vs. after vehicle: -28 +- 15 bpm). The results suggest that activation of £\2 adrenergic/imidazole receptors by the injection of moxonidine into the RVLM attenuates the pressor response resulting from sympathetic activation produced by glutamatergic stimulation of this area. Finally we investigated the cardiovascular responses produced by the injection of carbachol into the LV in rats treated with moxonidine injected bilaterally into the RVLM combined or not with vasopressinergic antagonist (AVP) injected intravenously (iv). Baseline MAP and HR of the animals that were treated with carbachol in the LV combination or not with the antagonist of AVP iv + moxonidine into the RVLM were 118 +- 3 mmHg and 404 +- 12 bpm, respectively. Bilateral injections of moxonidine (5 nmol/100 nl) into the RVLM in these rats caused a reduction in MAP when compared with the pre-injection values or controls. HR reduction was also observed after injections of moxonidine into the RVLM when compared to control. Previous injections of moxonidine (5 nmol/100 nl) into the RVLM reduced the initial pressor response (2 minutes) produced by the injection of carbachol (4 nmol/1 £gl) into the LV (21 +- 4 mmHg, vs. vehicle 40 +- 2 mmHg), whereas later (8 to 18 min after the injection of carbachol) occurred a potentiation of the pressor response to carbachol (63 +- 4 mmHg, vs. vehicle 44 +- 2 mmHg). The prior iv injection of the vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist (10 mg/kg body weight) reduced the late pressor response (8 to 18 min) produced by the injection of carbachol (4 nmol/1 £gl) in the rats treated with LV injections of moxonidine (5 nmol/100 nl) into the RVLM (8': 22 +- 3 mmHg; 10': 19 +- 3 mmHg; 12': 18 +- 3 mmHg; 14': 18 +- 3 mmHg; 16': 14 +- 3 mmHg; 18': 12 +- 3 mmHg) or vehicle treated in RVLM (8': 20 +- 3 mmHg; 10': 16 +- 3 mmHg; 12': 14 +- 3 mmHg; 14': 13 +- 3 mmHg; 16': 12 +- 3 mmHg; 18': 12 +- 3 mmHg). In rats treated with AVP antagonist the initial pressor response (2 minutes) was also reduced in the groups receiving moxonidine in the RVLM (17 +- 3 mmHg) or vehicle in RVLM the (29 +- 4 mmHg). There was no difference in the late response to carbachol of rats receiving injections of vehicle or moxonidine into the RVLM combined with vasopressin antagonist iv. The HR changes that occurred after the injection of carbachol into the LV combined with moxonidine or vehicle injected into the RVLM in rats receiving or not vasopressin antagonist iv were similar. The peak pressor response to carbachol injected into the LV of rats treated with moxonidine injected into the RVLM which was higher (63 +- 4 mm Hg) than that of vehicle-treated rats in RVLM (43 +- 2 mmHg) was reduced to similar values in rats with blockade of vasopressin V1 receptor treated with moxonidine (26 +- 2 mmHg) or vehicle in RVLM (32 +- 2 mmHg). Thus, the present results suggest that the late increase in the pressor response produced by injections of carbachol icv in rats treated with moxonidine in RVLM is due to increased secretion of vasopressin.
Possibilidades do uso de portfólios na aprendizagem da língua materna
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-28)
Cerminaro, Maria Cecília
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9790614365588296
Uma proposta no ensino de fração para adolescentes com e sem deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-28)
Costa, Ailton Barcelos da
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4958516098083437
The research deals with the teaching of fraction concepts to adolescents with and without visual impairment (blindness and low vision), from fourteen to eighteen. And understanding this as one of the bases for the study of mathematics itself, as well as the school experience as a privileged moment in the construction of citizenship, enabling the student to the complexity of the real world, this research arises from the need to expand scarce teaching experiences on this issue and on the specific difficulties of students of various grade levels to work with fractions. Starting from the presentation of the various experiences on teaching mathematics to visually impaired people in Brazil, since the nineteenth century until today, this study aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a procedure for teaching the concept of fractions to three adolescents with visual impairments which could also be used in teaching adolescents with visual sensory system integrity. The approach used was the differential, which focused on investigating the nature and causes of variations in the expression of learning in the population surveyed for this population that underwent evaluation of initial repertoire in two stages , followed by the application of teaching , prepared by the researcher , in two phases , with the final evaluation of repertoire and follow up. Finally, we discussed the educational backwardness of the participants, followed by an evaluation of the use of the general use of materials discrete and continuous, concluding that to investigate the oral and tactile stimulation to selected participants, we observed the formation of mathematical concepts through teaching fractions, both visually impaired teenagers and those with full vision. The objective of the research was achieved, demonstrating the need to rethink part of teaching and its mediation.
Roteiro para diagnóstico e proposição de melhorias com base em princípios e ferramentas da produção enxuta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-28)
Ortiz, Felipe Alfonso Huertas
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Paliari, José Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9387796929252598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6135377207553255
Currently there are companies in the construction sector which are incorporating lean construction concepts as a strategy in order to improve their production system. However, this transformation process presents several difficulties, particularly among these, the lack of a clear methodology for diagnosing propose and implement improvement. Based on this, the goal of this dissertation is proposing a methodology to diagnose, finding opportunities for improvement and implementing these opportunities in a construction site, based on concepts and techniques (VSM and LOB) of lean production. To achieve this target, firstly, we make a literature review along with expert s interviews. In second place, we made an experimental practice at São Carlos city (São Paulo-Brazil), where we got some guidelines and procedures to implement a lean philosophy. Those procedures were progressing through discussion and feedback of practice and theory, until achieve a methodology, final product of this dissertation. After this, a methodology was applied on a case study at Limeira city (São Paulo - Brazil). Finally, this methodology is structured in four stages: problem identification, classification of root causes, creating proposals for improvement and implementation. Among the conclusions, there is, on the one hand the systematically way of the methodology, embracing topics such as: lean philosophy, lean techniques (VSM and LOB), methods currently used by companies in the lean consulting sector and the method described by Shingo to achieve improvements. In the other hand, the need to define certain variables for each activity (cycle times, lead times, number of workers involved, elements of work), in order to allow the implementation of more refined concepts such as balancing of the production chain, Just in time, streaming, stock disposal etc.
Limites à economia solidária: legitimidade e legalidade. O caso da Cooperativa Cooperlimp e seus impactos no desenvolvimento territorial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-28)
Moya, Rafael Duarte
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Shimbo, Ioshiaqui
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315114291031702
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5592270175399006
From the identification of a pocket of poverty in a medium-sized city in a city in the state of São Paulo, an incubator started university in 1998, a work of lifting needs along with the population living in a particular region São Carlos. Thus was founded in 1999 Cooperlimp. In 2009, the cooperative signed a Term of Conduct Adjustment with the Prosecution Office of Labor, in which it would terminate its activities until January 2011. The damage caused by this measure were taken multiple, deeply and profound. The aim of this research is to seek the Brazilian legal system, in general, if it would be able to meet the needs of Productive Associations, especially popular cooperatives and organizational structures of the Solidarity Economy. It shows the limits of the law, the limits of the understanding of the actors involved in the face of the challenges of Solidarity Economy, particularly the implementation of public policies, the relationship between legality and legitimacy, their territorial impacts and social consequences.
Efeitos da exposição ao inseticida diflubenzuron em curimbatá, Prochilodus lineatus (Teleósteo, Prochilodontidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-28)
Benze, Tayrine Paschoaletti
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9366882113649897
The diflubenzuron (DFB), sold under the name Dimilin® (CHEMTURA), has been extensively used in aquaculture and agricultural applications may occur contamination of the aquatic environment. Prochilodus lineatus was exposed to 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 DFB for 14 days and then were determined frequency erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ANE), and micronuclei (MN) in the blood, lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the gills and liver, histopathology of gills and liver, total osmolarity and concentration of plasma ions, the activity of the enzymes Na+/k+-ATPase (NKA) and H+-ATPase in the gills and the activity of carbonic anhydrase (AC) in the gills. The most frequent ENA were the kidney-shaped nucleus and micronucleus and increased significantly in the groups exposed to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 DFB. The LPO concentration in the gills reduced in animals exposed to 2.0 mg L-1 DFB and in the liver there was an increase in the animals exposed to 0.5 and 2.0 mg L-1. The degree of tissue change (IAH), in the gills was higher in the groups exposed to 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 DFB. In the liver, the average change (VMA) and IAH increased in the groups exposed to 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 DFB. The total plasma osmolarity increased significantly in the group exposed to 0.5 mg L-1 Dimilin®, for the Cl- ion, there was a significant decrease of its concentration in the group exposed to 2.0 mg L-1. The activity of H+-ATPase showed an increase in group 1.0 mg L-1. The AC decreased significantly in the group exposed to 2.0 mg L-1. The Dimilin® has potential toxic to P. lineatus, causing genotoxic and mutangênica changes as well as changes morphofunctional in gills and liver, and can be monitored through the experimental techniques used in this work.