Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2013-06-24"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Professores em formação: significados construídos no processo de interação em sala de aula de português língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24) Izaki, Marina Ayumi; Viana, Nelson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9617486141616121
According to Almeida Filho (2005), the classroom is not the most important part of the language teaching/learning process, but it is certainly the most significant one. Based on this assumption, the classroom turns up to be the "stage" where both teacher and student can achieve and produce the potential work regarding the language teaching/learning process. As conferred by Novelli (1997:49), the classroom is where humans meet and, precisely for this reason, we can recognize, in this "meeting", that the produced knowledge is constructed through teacher/learner and learner/learner interaction. Thus, when we consider its actualization in the language teaching/learning classroom, interaction can be regarded as highly relevant. In this sense, this research focuses on the process of interaction between the teacher and foreign learners in the context of Portuguese as a foreign language classroom. The investigation will be oriented by Bakhtin s theory of language and by assumptions of the Communicative Approach related to the teaching of foreign language. According to Bakhtin´s ideas (1997), the subject seeks its wholeness in another person/others, who are also uncompleted/unfinished. Only through the eyes of someone else we can have the awareness about our own half-full/half being/ our uncompleted selves. This process of noticing the other and be noticed by the other is made possible through interaction. We recognize that the other is essential for us to understand who we are, and in this language teaching/learning context this perspective makes it relevant to the investigation on how the teacher relates to the other (student) and which are the meanings produced through this meeting. Recognizing that human beings are social agents who are constructed in/by interaction, it is possible to assume that improving comprehension of the relationship self-other within the context of foreign language learning/teaching is of considerable importance, especially in the contemporary context of language teaching, theoretically oriented by assumptions of the communicative approach which emphasizes meaningful interactions and allows us to take the class as an important stage of cultural and social-historical constructions. Regarding the methodology, this investigation was conducted with the use of qualitative procedures based on ethnographic and interpretive methods. As part of the theory that oriented this research belongs to another area, we discussed about the multi-, inter-, trans-, or in-disciplinary character of Applied Linguistics. Regarding the achieved results, it was noticed that the use of authentic material by teachers in the classroom is not a guarantee of communicative teaching, as interactions constructed in that place can prioritize the structure of language and not its meaningful use. According to Bizon (1994:45) it is the chosen approach, consciously or not by the teacher, what can determine the interaction built in the classroom. Taking into consideration that studies on human interaction are fundamental to understand life in society, we expect that this research will help to develop critical reflection and comprehension related to the area of Portuguese as foreign language, thus offering contribution to teacher s education process.
O naturalismo ético no behaviorismo radical de B. F. Skinner
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24) Castro, Marina Souto Lopes Bezerra de; Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7823256809341659
We presuppose the existence of an Ethics in Skinner's work. It reveals, at least, three aspects: a Metaethics, a Normative and an Applied Ethics, which will be detailed in the present investigation. Before this, we will try to present chronologically the development of his ideas related to this topic. We conclude that the Skinnerian Ethics may be considered as a Naturalistic one. We attempt to describe it. Inside the Naturalistic Ethics, Skinner proposes something interesting, relevant, well founded, both in relation to a methaethics as well as in relation to the principles for an applied ethics. There are questionable points, one of them indicated in our last work, that is the attempt to traduce/reduce prescriptive aspects into descriptive ones, disregarding the difference between the causal determinants for tacts and those for mands. In this approach, we will essay a depth analysis, identifying what maybe is the core, or final, aspect of this tension: the defense of a technocracy, a huge problem found in the Skinnerian Ethics. What would be the limit for the technical authority? Prescriptions based on scientific knowledge are fully appropriate and acceptable, but what would be the limit for the derivation of mands from scientific evidence? Is there an alternative? Our thesis is this: Skinnerian Ethics is a kind of Naturalistic Ethics, and its main limitation is the defense of a technocracy.
Super resolução baseada em métodos iterativos de restauração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24) Castro, Márcia Luciana Aguena; Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1971933217288472
The resolution enhancement of an image is always desirable, independently of its objective, but mainly if the image has the purpose of visual analysis. The hardware development for increasing the image resolution still has a higher cost than the algorithmic solutions for super-resolution. Like image restoration, super-resolution is also an ill-conditioned inverse problem, and has an infinite number of solutions. This work analyzes the iterative restoration methods (Van Cittert, Tikhonov-Miller and Conjugate Gradiente) which propose solutions for the ill-conditioning problem and compares them with the IBP method (Iterative Back Projection). The analysis of the found similarities is the basis of a generalization, such that other iterative restoration methods can have their properties adapted, as regularization of the ill-conditioning, noise reduction and other degradations and the increase of the convergence rate can be incorporated to the techniques of super-resolution. Two new methods were created as case studies of the proposed generalization: the first one is a super-resolution method for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the swallowing process, that uses an adaptiveWiener filtering as regularization and a non-rigid registration; and the second one is a pan sharpening method of SPOT satellite bands, that uses sampling based on sensor s characteristics and non-adaptive Wiener filtering.
Passos em falso? Os processos de formação do espaço das consultorias em sustentabilidade no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-06-24) Botta, Elisa Nogueira Novaes; Donadone, Julio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2836813099831483
The emergence of Sustainable Development and thereafter , of Corporate Sustainability, integrated representative elites of social space that until then were developing independently .Furthermore it showed new ways of conduct in the corporative environment ,favoring the emergence of a new market ,with new actors and services, specialized in orientating the client towards a sustainable conduct . As this idea is institutionalized it starts being adopted among many consulting groups , inaugurating new polarization in this universe, .This doctorate research supported on the new Economic Sociology by Pierre Bourdieui investigated the processes of identity formation and identity construction, such as their relations in this new constituted social space, of Consulting Sustainability in Brazil.