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Hortifrutícolas orgânicos e agroecologia: conceituação e distribuição comercial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-01) Gaspari, Felipe Campagna de; Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7017799384172517
This study sought to conceptually discuss organic farming, as part of agroecological science, and to assess its relationship with the current situation of supply of organic fruits and vegetables in different distribution channels in the city of Campinas-SP. The variables considered were price, form of product presentation, variety, packaging types, local production and certification. A comparison was performed with others grocers called "sanitized", "pre-washed", "selected" or "conventional" in this study were grouped under the name of "nonorganic". Ten points of sale was observed, eight hypermarkets, a Organic Fair and a Grocer Street Fair, typical of Brazil. All points are located within a radius of five kilometers from the city center. It was found that, despite the large growth of this market in Brazil, there is still a major bottleneck related to the presentation of products, the understanding of the organic concept, and accessibility to this product by consumers.
Função simbólica em pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: requisitos comportamentais para a formação de classes de equivalência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-01) Varella, André Augusto Borges; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8928084949164132
Individuals with autism present language impairments and different degrees of difficulty in discriminative learning. From the standpoint of language as symbolic behavior, language impairments could be related to individuals discriminative repertoires, which may not support rapid acquisition of arbitrary relations and equivalence class formation. The objective of the present work is to investigate possible relations between discriminative repertoires and equivalence class formation in individuals with autism. The first chapter consists in a review of empirical studies about the ABLA test, used to assess the ease or difficulty in learning tasks that require the establishment of different types of discriminations. The chapters 2 and 3 presents two empirical studies, which investigated the role of discriminative repertoires and the relations between the types of discriminations taught and tested (intra-modal and cross-modal) on equivalence class formation. In Study 1, AA, BB and CC identity relations, with class-specific compound consequences (tangible + auditory stimulus) were taught to three autistic participants who failed the ABLA predictive tasks of arbitrary conditional discriminations, and to four participants who passed the predictive tasks. Tests were conducted to assess AB, BA, AC, CA, BC and CB relations. Evidence of equivalence class formation was obtained for one of three individuals who failed the predictive tasks and for three of four individuals who passed the ABLA tasks. In the Study 2, AB and CD visual relations with class-specific compound consequences (tangible + auditory stimulus) were taught to four participants. The visual-visual relations BA, DC, AC, CA, AD, DA, BC, CB, BD and DB and auditory-visual relations SA, SB, SC and SD were tested. All participants showed emergence of all auditory-visual relations and only one participant did not show the emergence of all visual-visual relations. The results suggest an important role of discriminative repertoires on equivalence class formation and demonstrate that auditory-visual relations (cross-modal) can emerge after teaching visual-visual conditional discriminations (intra-modal), if auditory stimuli are employed as class-specific consequences. The implications of these results for teaching symbolic repertoires and its requisites to individuals with autism are discussed.
Sensibilidade de variedades de feijão (Phaseolus vugaris L.) ao alumínio em solução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07) Cunha, Ana Cláudia da; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; Silva, Luiz Carlos Ferreira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231290000649038; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9776530970118256
One of the main causes of losses in agricultural productivity is due to the high concentrations of aluminum (Al) in the soil solution, characteristic of acidic weathered soils in the humid tropical zone. Al affects the morphology and physiology of the root system, limiting the deepening of roots in the soil and the absorption of water and nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Al (0,0; 1,5; 3,0 mg L-¹) on the root development of common bean, Formoso, Alvorada, Harmonia, and Diplomata varieties, by evaluating morphological changes in the roots of the seedlings, visible by optical microscopy, and the rate of root elongation. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions, in a completely randomized design, with three replications. The results of root growth rate (mm day-1) were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test (p<0.05). The increase in the concentration of Al in solution caused a decrease in the rate of root elongation (mm day-1) in the four common bean varieties. Seedlings of the Harmonia variety were more tolerant to the presence of Al regarding to root elongation rate. The 4-day period of exposure of roots to Al caused visible morphological damage only in the Formoso variety. The critical concentration of Al in solution, from which there was a decrease in the rate of root elongation, was 1.5 mg L-¹ of Al. Root biometry indicated the following sequence of common bean varieties in terms of tolerance to Al in solution: Harmonia > Formoso = Alvorada = Diplomata.
Diagnóstico e estratégia para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável sob a ótica da agroecologia para o município de Cordeirópolis/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-01) Cassiano, Fábio Luiz; Beskow, Paulo Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9391679895577465
This study sought through an analysis based on an agroecological basis, to study the rural surroundings of the city of Cordeirópolis in the State of São Paulo with an investigation that adopted the participatory methodology of collective construction of matrices, discussions with focus groups, individual interviews and field observations. The analysis of the local reality and the identification of critical points had the goal to drawing up proposals for public policies that allow the overcoming of the problems. Were also adopted elements of the method Marco de Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Sustentabilidad (MESMIS) , while consolidated procedure for the study and diagnosis of agroecosystems, method that aims to assess the sustainability of agroecosystems. Center in a participative manner and through the use of indicators. The search results show a great environmental degradation by the lack of native vegetation that exposed the soils, low availability of water resources, as well as the intensive use of pesticides. In addition the search found an unstable economic situation faced by the local family farming and lack of technical assistance and rural extension to guide the production. It was concluded that despite the existing public policies already with sustainability principles, the family farmers with the lack of guidance and incentives are going in the other direction, leading to destruction and scarcity of natural resources. Demonstrating that must be strengthened agroecological practices toward the achievement of a more sustainable rural development.
Tolerância de porta enxertos cítricos ao alumínio em solução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07) Sbrissa, Mirella; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
One of the main causes of losses in agricultural productivity is due to the high concentrations of aluminum (Al) in the soil solution, characteristic of acidic weathered soils in the humid tropical zone. Al affects the morphology and physiology of the root system, limiting the deepening of roots in the soil and the absorption of water and nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Al (0; 7.5 mg L-1; 15 mg L-1; 22.5 mg L-1 and 30 mg L-1) on the root development of varieties of citrus rootstock Tangerine Sunki (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), Citrumelo Swingle (Citrus paradisi Macf. X Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) and Limoeiro Cravo (Citrus limonia Osbeck), through the evaluation of morphological changes in the roots of the seedlings visible by optical microscopy, the accumulation of dry biomass and the rate of root elongation. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions, in a completely randomized design, with six replications. The results of root growth rate (mm day-1) were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test (p<0.05). The increase in the concentration of Al in solution caused a decrease in the rate of root elongation (mm day-1) of the three rootstocks. The Limoeiro Cravo seedlings were less sensitive to the presence of Al regarding to biomass accumulation. The presence of Al did not affect the accumulation of biomass in the stem of Citrumelo Swingle seedlings, but reduced the accumulation of root biomass in the Tangerine Sunki seedlings. The 30-day period of exposure of roots to Al was not enough to promote visible morphological changes. The critical concentration of Al in solution, from which there was a decrease in the accumulation of biomass and in the rate of root elongation, was 15 mg L-1 of Al. The root biometry indicated the following sequence of rootstocks tolerancy to Al in solution: Citrumelo Swingle = Limoeiro Cravo > Mandarin Sunki.
A pesquisa de aula (lesson study) no aperfeiçoamento da aprendizagem em matemática no 6° ano segundo o currículo do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-02) Carrijo Neto, Luciano Alves; Baldin, Yuriko Yamamoto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8785562528979416; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5479757566301751
This work is the fruit of the author's research and reflection on the teaching practice in teaching mathematics 6° grade II Cycle in a public school in the city of Franca, São Paulo. Enhancing the work on classroom research methodology-Lesson Study, a Japanese methodology that encourages the resolution of problems, allowing for participatory learning. For this work the methodology needed to be adapted to the Brazilian context, as shown in Chapter 1. As the Professional master's dissertation is focused on turns to actions within the classroom to improve student learning in mathematics, develop Curriculum-based activities in the State of São Paulo that is discussed in Chapter 2 the issues involving multiplication and Division, greatest common divisor, fraction, decimal numbers and geometry. The application and analysis of activities, since its preparation, where they are taken into account the curriculum, the class profile, discussed in Chapter 3, choice of materials, dialogues during execution and closing up the reflection afterschool courses are dealt with in Chapter 4. In the Appendix of this work are applied activities as well as its planning and that can be used by other teachers in their classes.
Interações fitoplâncton-bactéria: associações específicas e possíveis implicações ecológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-03) Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa; Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904631503604006
The occurrence of nuisance phytoplankton blooms is a worldwide problem that affects water quality and other aquatic biota. Bacterial (non-cyanobacterial) communities can influence and interfere with the formation, maintenance and termination of such blooms via many biotic interactions. The bacterial communities associated with 3 bloom forming phytoplankton species, the Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and the diatom Aulacoseira granulata, were assessed by the 454-Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons (V3-V5 regions). The aims of this work were to verify if different bacterial communities would develop with different host species, or in different fractions (attached and free-living bacteria) and different growth phases (physiological state) of each phytoplankton species. Still using pyrosequencing data, the strength of phytoplankton-bacteria association was analyzed for M. aeruginosa and A. granulata by culturing the phytoplankton species with different bacterial inocula (and growth medium for the cyanobacteria). Furthermore, the effects of bacterial strains isolated from attached community of A. granulata and M. aeruginosa cultures were tested on the growth of the phytoplankton species. Significantly different bacterial communities developed: i) in response to physiological state and between fractions of the same phytoplankton culture, and ii) in response to the different host phytoplankton species, with major differences in the proportion of the OTUs between phytoplankton cultures rather than in the absence or presence of specific bacterial taxa. Differences between experiments significantly changed the BCC that developed associated with the same host species. However, some bacterial OTUs were found associated with the same phytoplankton species in different experiments, suggesting a tight association with the host species. Most of the strains either isolated from M. aeruginosa or from A. granulata affected negatively the growth of the diatom. However, the isolated strains had no effect on the cyanobacterial growth, suggesting the importance of bacterial community to the dominance of M. aeruginosa on Barra Bonita Reservoir, at least concerning to the competition with A. granulata.
A construção do atendimento em um núcleo de medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-03) Munhoz, Sara Regina; Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7134597984469299
This research aims to discuss the data from my ethnography of an assistance nucleus (MSE / MA) to adolescents who practices infractions in the East Zone of São Paulo. The ethnography was conducted with a team of professionals that assists these boys, and emphasizes the perceptions that these professionals have of the construction of assistance, and the relationships they establish with the boys, with the judiciary and other government agencies. I describe the ways the team handles, on the one hand, with the rigidity of established goals by judges and described in the legislation and, on the other hand, with requirement also legal that assistances are individualized. To deal with these two logics, and present to the judges the knowledge that can only be built from the nucleus, technicians use the writing and interpretation of documents as their main weapons. It is a routine exercise of building arguments that justify the paths taken in each assistance. I also describe the frequent moments that the technicians can not extend their perceptions to the judiciary, causing divergent views on the progress of cases. I argument, therefore, that the relationship between the team and the judges is always based on the uncertainty and the definition of assistance needs to be negotiated in each case. This uncertainty manifests itself by the coexistence, in the nucleus, of different knowledge and different forms of governance of the boys.
Ikindene hekugu: uma etnografia da luta e dos lutadores no Alto Xingu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-04) Costa, Carlos Eduardo; Toledo, Luiz Henrique de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7801748517236931
This research aims to explore the anthropological debate on sportive practices through the description and analysis of dispute modes in different contexts. In the literature of sportive practices anthropology, football has frequently been used as a framework for research into indigenous societies; expanding on these theoretical models developed for football allows for greater understanding into the rituals within the society to which they belong, and to highlight the relationship between football and other practices. The ethnographic study proposes the Upper Xingu from researches conducted with the Kalapalo peoples of Tanguro village, hence the emphasis on wrestling in Alto Xingu (kal. ikindene). Anthropological themes highlighted on the peoples of the region, such as the construction of the body, chieftaincy, complex inter-ethnic rituals and mythology are directly linked to the wrestling. The objectives also include a more positive assessment for what was termed as "sportive practices" within indigenous societies, ethnographically in the Upper Xingu. This is not only to realize the "sportive" nature of these activities, but above all to understand the symbolic space for each mode, whether in the village, or in rituals disputes that renegotiate the dynamics of alliances and rivalries in this regional complex.
Avanços na compreensão da subjetividade no Behaviorismo Radical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-04) Pompermaier, Henrique Mesquita; Pessotti, Isaias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2793069740146109; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4203276503069124
This work aims to present and discuss different positions placed in the current debates on approach subjective phenomena in radical behaviorism. On this, the work focuses on the writings of researchers in the field of behavior analysis in the theme of subjectivity, leading to a discussion of the concepts, the role and relevance of the theory of private events for the explanation of behavior. Despite being one of the most recurrent behavior analytic treatment of this theme, the defense of the theory and concept of private events as well as the linking privacy-subjectivity, has not been developed in a consensual way. Thus, the area appears to be facing not only the challenge of establishing a clearer understanding regarding the possibility of a scientific approach to private events, but also of evaluating the coherence and relevance of this concept with the theoreticalphilosophical project of radical behaviorism. From the analysis and discussions developed, it is possible to indicate two distinct directions regarding the advances proposed for the comprehension of subjective phenomena in radical behaviorism: one relates to the refinement of the private events concept, emphasizing its relational and contextual character a circumstantially restricted observability. Another direction is built upon critical positions about the privacy notion, defending the abandonment of the theory and concept of private events in favor of an alternative approach grounded in a relational and immanent metaphysics, and understanding subjective phenomena in a continuum of complexity, referent to the interweaving of repertoires from different levels of selection.
Caracterização dos materiais inconsolidados e mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo na região de Ibaté - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-04) Serikawa, Vagner de Souza; Röhm, Sergio Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6879267838469780
The increased degradation of surface and subsurface waters are attributed to the indiscriminate use and to the lack of preservation of their sources. Given the scope of efficient management in the use of water sources, this paper presents a diagnosis of the area, featuring the unconsolidated materials and their hydraulic properties in different uses and land use. The study area is about 47.08 square kilometers and is located between the cities São Carlos and Ibaté, in the State of São Paulo, comprised by UTM coordinates 193000 / 202000KmE and 7.578 million / 7582000KmN, located in the central region of the State of São Paulo. In such region, there are the bedrock formations Itaqueri, Botucatu Formation and Serra Geral Formation, characteristic of the geological profile of São Paulo. The maps and charts were drawn up in ArcGIS® software. Some of the drawn up maps were: Rocky Substrate and Unconsolidated Material map (update made from the maps by Lemos, 2010) and; use maps and land use for the years 1972, 2003, 2010 and 2012. With such area historic it was possible to identify changes in uses. The most visible one is from 1972 to 2003 where there is a change in pasture uses for sugarcane. The results show that in some areas, the infiltration process has been affected by the use of soil, especially due to the sugar cane crop. The results of the hydraulic conductivity for residual formation of Botucatu are between 10-2 and 10-3 cm / s that show the water dynamics changes in geological materials. The degradation of water resources is evident, in addition to the aforementioned aspects through springs that are dried and drainage channels without the springs and riparian forests. In the study field there is a need for conservation of water diffusion zones since they are essential for maintenance of water sources.
A voz que canta na voz que fala: poética e política na trajetória de Gilberto Gil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-05) Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Varoni de; Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0019513394358070
Dans ce travail de thèse on analyse la cartographie d'un sujet du discours, il est Gilberto Gil. Cette analyse prend dès leur inscription dans un événement discursif, le tropicalisme, dans la fin des années 1960, jusqu'au début de leur gestion comme Ministre de la Culture pendant le gouvernement du président Lula, entre les années 2003 et 2008. Il nous est donc intéressant de vérifier le mouvement entre deux lieux énonciatifs, qui sont occupés par le compositeur populaire et par le Ministre. Dans ce trajet, on veut réfléchir sur le fonctionnement d'archive de « brésilité » à partir des relations entre l'art et la politique dès le contexte d'émergence de la dictature militaire en 1964 jusqu'à l'arrivée de l'ex-métallurgique Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva au pouvoir. Notre travail est basé surtout sur l'Analyse du Discours française qui nous donne les concepts les plus importants pour notre analyse : énoncé, formation discursive, archive, interdiscours et intradiscours. Ce sont des outils qui nous permettent de vérifier les relations savoir-pouvoir dans l'activité de la chanson populaire bien que de vérifier comment ces relations-là contribuent pour la production de subjectivités dans la société brésilienne. Le corpus de notre recherche est composé par des chansons et des prononcés du Ministre, les deux vus comme des manifestations syncrétiques. On propose, encore, la proximité des oeuvres de chercheurs qui font leurs recherches dans une perspective historique de la chanson brésilienne, par exemple Luis Tatit et José Miguel Wisnik. À partir de la compréhension du phénomène de la chanson populaire comme un « réseau de messages », on veut penser, d'un point de vue discursif, la relation entre la 'voix qui parle' et la 'voix qui chante'. Ainsi, on cherche de rendre problématique le chemin qui conduit l'artiste vers le Ministère comme un procès inverse. La 'voix qui chante' conduit à la 'voix qui parle' dans la politique et fournit, encore, un ballaste tropicaliste-anthropophagique au gouvernement Lula, surtout à ce qui se réfère à la recherche d'un nouveau lieu institutionnel du Brésil dans une société globalisé. La trajectoire de Gilberto Gil exemplifie, donc, la façon comme la chanson populaire est devenu une des plus grandes productions discursives dans l'antérieur de l'archive de « brésilité ».
Descrição e análise morfológica da terminologia da fisioterapia: subsídios para a organização de uma base de dados para o português
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-05) Ferreira, Daniela de Mattos; Almeida, Gladis Maria de Barcellos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4046789388750478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7461795028756010
Nowadays, the description of linguistic knowledge has been necessary due to the requirement of Natural Language Processing (NLP) programs to be able to properly recognize and process a natural language. As well as for the general language, the specialized ones also require this description, once many tasks, such as extraction of candidate terms, have been incorporated into these NLP tools. Given this reality, the present study aimed to describe the structure of terminological repertoire of Physiotherapy at the level of the internal structure of its constituent terms, using the SILEX constructional morphology model, created by Danielle Corbin (1987, 1991, 1997, 1999). To get to this morphological description based on the assumptions of the SILEX model, it was necessary to go through some steps, such as: separation in terms of simple units, non-built complex, morphological built units and syntagmatic compounds. From this separation, it was revealed that there is a widespread incidence of syntagmatic compounds in this terminology, especially those formed with the following structure: "test X", with X being an eponymy. The results of morphologically built units were: suffixation is the predominant process, mainly formed with the suffixes -ia,-ite,- ose, the composition was second, highlighting the presence of greeks archeoconstituants. Considering these results, it was possible to organize a database of Physiotherapy s morphological terminology, containing the terms and the formation processes, as well as another correlated database, containing all archeoconstituants used in the formation of the terms. On this basis, we present the descriptive meaning of these units and related terms. We hope that these organized results might be useful for subsequent computational implementation and on-line availability of data. Thus, with this work, we intend to contribute to a better understanding of the morphological level, and call the attention of linguists for greater explicitness of linguistic knowledge, especially in the morphological level.
A organização didática do ensino na educação infantil: implicações da teoria histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-05) Lazaretti, Lucinéia Maria; Mello, Maria Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7146481573883908
This present thesis is the result of a survey of exploratory bibliographical nature-explanatory notes and it aimed to analyze the possibilities of organizing didactic teaching in early childhood education, in the light of the Cultural-Historical Theory, based on pedagogical practices described in theses and dissertations produced in the period 1998-2010. The investigation led to the formulation of the following thesis: the didactic organization of teaching in early childhood education, grounded in theoretical-methodological bases of historical-Cultural Theory, can steer possibilities that promote children's learning and development from zero to six, directing the pedagogical practice of intentional and systematic way. The collection and selection of the material by the Capes portal, resulted in eleven dissertations and thesis, that described or analysed specific pedagogical practices in the everyday life of early childhood education. From this analysis, we articulated: there is an intentional and systematic education that target the pedagogical practices and, with it, the educational work is based in a fragmented teaching, in which the objectives-contents procedures appear off the context; There is no representative goals showing why to teach. This is due to a lack of to establish what to teach, how to teach and taking off the context; the teacher-student relationships and interactions are virtually absent and the mediation professor student knowledge is not representative and promoter of learning and development. This fragmented teaching reveals the fragility of didactic organization of teaching in early childhood education, where there is a break in the pedagogical practice from zero to six years: on the one hand, for children under three years, the educational process involves routines in care activities that prevail, fixed and rigid, with content geared to acquire habits and abilities restricted to daily life with goals of care, feed and maintain hygiene and adequate sleep; on the other hand, for children four to six years, isolated activities occur, with disconnected and fragmented subjects aimed to train and prepare for literacy, with exercises, instructional and training ready. These notes weaved some possibilities for forwarding the pedagogical practice in early childhood education. As conclusive synthesis, we argue that the didactic organization of teaching must have as the horizon full formation of the child and the child's education is takes ownership of the human and cultural forms this is the teacher's mediation that interferes in the zone of proximal development, challenging and encouraging the child to new learning. To do it, as representative of its educational work, we need to trace goals that promote maximum human potential crystallized in cultural heritage that needs to be appropriate in the form of content, enriched with, various, diverse and contextualized that make the pedagogical practice a space that represents the complex and elaborate human achievements, producing the cultural and human development in children.
Efeitos de nanopartículas de ouro sobre o tecido ósseo, rim, fígado e coração de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-05) Ruffoni, Leandro Dias Gonçalves; Nonaka, Keico Okino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2883344668058072
The process of formation and remodeling of bone tissue is influenced by several factors such as hormones, nutrition, genetics, sex, age, intercurrent disease and environmental factors. There are published reports of the performance of nanoparticles on the development and bone remodeling, and also on kidney, liver and heart. The objective of this study was to analyze the possible influence of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) exposure on bone tissue and on kidney, heart and liver. After a single intravenous AuNPs exposure biometric, biophysical and biomechanical bone parameters of adult rats were analyzed. The animals were randomly distributed into three groups (1 week, 1 month and 2 months), divided into four, which were respectively treated with polymer poliaminoamida (PAMAM), PAMAM + AuNPs, citrate (citrate buffer) and citrate + AuNPs. Gold nanoparticles were administered by a single dose (0,01 mg Au/kg MC),via the jugular vein. The biomechanical properties of femurs were obtained by the three point bending test. The mass of the kidney, liver and heart were also analyzed. There were no significant differences of the different bone parameters and organs weights among the groups in their respective treatment periods. Therefore, the results indicated that the dose of AuNPs used in this study did not impair the quality of bone tissue as well as the organ weights. These results may help in understanding the possible actions of AuNPs on the bone tissue and organs.
O programa Escola Ativa e a gestão participativa em escolas no campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-05) Rosa, Júlia Mazinini; Bezerra, Maria Cristina dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1095065753077001; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3922909960439360
Active School program was originated from the Colombian Escuela Nueva. It´s a strategy that aims to improve the quality of education in rural areas through the implementation of specific methodology and participatory management in multigrade schools. In Brazil, it has been deployed since 1997, primarily in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions, managed by Fundescola and funded in part by the World Bank. In its final phase, from 2008 to 2011, the program was expanded to all regions of Brazil, was managed by SECAD and funded entirely by the Brazilian Ministry of Education (MEC). Active School aims to develop autonomy in students and encourage the participation of rural communities in school management. This research aimed to analyze the possibilities of communities participation in school management and discuss what type of autonomy can be developed within the management perspective suggested by the program. We chose the municipality of São José do Rio Pardo as a locus of study. We adopted Gramsci, Marx, Engels and authors who discuss education and pedagogy based on them as theoretical references. This research was conducted through document analysis of Active School (Fundescola and MEC), World Bank and São José do Rio Pardo. We also conducted interviews and on site observations. We conclude that the autonomy that the student is able to develop is instrumental. The school management suggested by the program is strategic and not politic, so the participation of rural communities is also instrumental. However, Active School should be understood in its contradictory aspects, because it is possible that political participation (that is so important to rural schools) may happen in the context of strategic management.
Tratamentos de superfícies em Ti-CP, Ti-6Al-4V e Ti-6Al- 7Nb visando a osseointegração de implantes: propriedades das superfícies e respostas osteoblásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-10) Oliveira, Diego Pedreira de; Bolfarini, Claudemiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8388790875028551
The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties of the surfaces of CP-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys modified via chemical treatments, as well as evaluating the behavior of human osteoblastic cells as function of these changes. For this purpose, samples of the three alloys were etched with hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid, followed or not by alkaline treatment, and subsequently analyzed their morphology, roughness, effective area and contact angle (wettability). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of surfaces and EDS for chemical compositions. Roughness and effective area measurements were performed with confocal laser microscope. A goniometer was used for the measurement of contact angle. Osteoblastic responses were evaluated by means of the technique of polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription real-time (real-time PCR) to determine the gene expression of ALPL, COL1A1, COL3A1, SPP1, RUNX2 and SPARC. The results showed that the treatments significantly change the surface properties and induced the gene expression of human osteoblasts. All treatments caused change in the chemical composition of the sample surface. Acid treatments caused changes in actual topography and area, while alkaline treatments altered the surface morphology and increased hydrophilicity compared to the only abraded samples (controls). The gene expression was regulated differently in accordance with the surface treatment employed in the samples tested. Overall, treatment with alkaline treatment and phosphoric acid are more effective to control cell behavior. The alkali treatment and acid treatments together induce changes in the topography at micro, submicron and in some cases nanometric scales, which may amplify and accelerate the response of the cells on the materials.
Comportamento estrutural de vigas mistas de aço e concreto com protensão externa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-11) Nelsen, Anna Carolina Haiduk; Souza, Alex Sander Clemente de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572504605209699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5833175927377476
This report investigates the structural behavior, procedures for analysis and design of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite beams. Based upon the requirements outlined in ABNT NRB 8800:2008 for conventional composite beams and in the literature review, a systematic procedure was developed to design of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite beams requested the positive bending moment. Was analyzed the main modes of global collapse, especially the ultimate limit state design (ELU), which may occur in this type of structure. Also, elaborated a parametric study aimed to analyze the influence of variation in the level of prestressing and the eccentricity of tendons, as well as the constructive methodology (pretensioning and posttensioning) adopted for the the prestressing steel profile that makes up the of steel-concrete composite beam. The parametric study showed that in both methods the predominant failure mode occurs in 2nd Stage of construction. In models of composite beams analyzed with application of pretensioned when the tendon is positioned above the bottom flange of the profile steel the failure mode occurred for the combined bending and axial compression .As for the composite beams evaluated with posttensioned, independent of the position of the tendon, the failure mode occurred in function of the bending moment more than the allowable flexural strength. However, it is noted that the level of prestressing can be adequately calculated to ensure that there is no loss of carrying capacity of the structure. It was also observed that regardless of the constructive methodology adopted, higher eccentricities result in higher bearing capacity for the steel beam, as exposed in the literature review. While in Brazil is largely unexplored, there was widespread interest in the international literature on the subject in question and their variances, giving rise to theoretical and experimental. Also been mentioned as potential applications in the design of new structures and the renovation and rehabilitation of existing structures.
Extração automática de relações semânticas a partir de textos escritos em português do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-11) Taba, Leonardo Sameshima; Caseli, Helena de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945193976624030
Information extraction (IE) is one of the many applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP); it focuses on processing texts in order to retrieve specific information about a certain entity or concept. One of its subtasks is the automatic extraction of semantic relations between terms, which is very useful in the construction and improvement of linguistic resources such as ontologies and lexical bases. Moreover, there s a rising demand for semantic knowledge, as many computational NLP systems need that information in their processing. Applications such as information retrieval from web documents and automatic translation to other languages could benefit from that kind of knowledge. However, there aren t sufficient human resources to produce that knowledge at the same rate of its demand. Aiming to solve that semantic data scarcity problem, this work investigates how binary semantic relations can be automatically extracted from Brazilian Portuguese texts. These relations are based on Minsky s (1986) theory and are used to represent common sense knowledge in the Open Mind Common Sense no Brasil (OMCS-Br) project developed at LIA (Laboratório de Interação Avanc¸ada), partner of LaLiC (Laborat´orio de Lingu´ıstica Computacional), where this research was conducted, both in Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). The first strategies for this task were based on searching textual patterns in texts, where a certain textual expression indicates that there is a specific relation between two terms in a sentence. This approach has high precision but low recall, which led to the research of methods that use machine learning as their main model, encompassing techniques such as probabilistic and statistical classifiers and also kernel methods, which currently figure among the state of the art. Therefore, this work investigates, implements and evaluates some of these techniques in order to determine how and to which extent they can be applied to the automatic extraction of binary semantic relations in Portuguese texts. In that way, this work is an important step in the advancement of the state of the art in information extraction for the Portuguese language, which still lacks resources in the semantic area, and also advances the Portuguese language NLP scenario as a whole.
Refinamento de superfícies de quadriláteros baseado em templates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-11) Nakano, Davi Yoshinori Cangussú; Liziér, Mario Augusto de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1257131701222446; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8559140526906015
The computational representation of objects by means of polygonal meshes is widely used in various areas such as modeling, simulation, engineering, rendering process and various other CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) applications. These polygonal meshes are commonly built with triangles and processing these elements is widely studied, making that such techniques are well established and robust. However, there is a growing interest in quadrilateral meshes as they provide important characteristics for applications such as texturing and modeling with splines. With the increasing interest in the study of unstructured quadrilateral surfaces, there is the rise of new processing techniques related to simplification and refinement. This dissertation presents a complete pipeline for indirect generation of quadrilateral surface meshes, proposing a new refinement method of quadrilateral meshes. This new method is a local iterative subdivision process, ensuring the consistency of the mesh at each iteration and has the following main features: ability to guide the quality of generated quadrilaterals; control the number of generated elements; generate a family of models; control quadrilaterals density (adaptivity) and control the alignment of quadrilaterals lines with features lines of the model. The implementation restricts the refinement to homeomorphic models to a sphere. The results presented illustrate the effectiveness of the refinement technique and adaptivity control.