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O programa Escola Ativa e a gestão participativa em escolas no campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-05)
Rosa, Júlia Mazinini
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Bezerra, Maria Cristina dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1095065753077001
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3922909960439360
Active School program was originated from the Colombian Escuela Nueva. It´s a strategy that aims to improve the quality of education in rural areas through the implementation of specific methodology and participatory management in multigrade schools. In Brazil, it has been deployed since 1997, primarily in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions, managed by Fundescola and funded in part by the World Bank. In its final phase, from 2008 to 2011, the program was expanded to all regions of Brazil, was managed by SECAD and funded entirely by the Brazilian Ministry of Education (MEC). Active School aims to develop autonomy in students and encourage the participation of rural communities in school management. This research aimed to analyze the possibilities of communities participation in school management and discuss what type of autonomy can be developed within the management perspective suggested by the program. We chose the municipality of São José do Rio Pardo as a locus of study. We adopted Gramsci, Marx, Engels and authors who discuss education and pedagogy based on them as theoretical references. This research was conducted through document analysis of Active School (Fundescola and MEC), World Bank and São José do Rio Pardo. We also conducted interviews and on site observations. We conclude that the autonomy that the student is able to develop is instrumental. The school management suggested by the program is strategic and not politic, so the participation of rural communities is also instrumental. However, Active School should be understood in its contradictory aspects, because it is possible that political participation (that is so important to rural schools) may happen in the context of strategic management.
Descrição e análise morfológica da terminologia da fisioterapia: subsídios para a organização de uma base de dados para o português
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-05)
Ferreira, Daniela de Mattos
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Almeida, Gladis Maria de Barcellos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4046789388750478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7461795028756010
Nowadays, the description of linguistic knowledge has been necessary due to the requirement of Natural Language Processing (NLP) programs to be able to properly recognize and process a natural language. As well as for the general language, the specialized ones also require this description, once many tasks, such as extraction of candidate terms, have been incorporated into these NLP tools. Given this reality, the present study aimed to describe the structure of terminological repertoire of Physiotherapy at the level of the internal structure of its constituent terms, using the SILEX constructional morphology model, created by Danielle Corbin (1987, 1991, 1997, 1999). To get to this morphological description based on the assumptions of the SILEX model, it was necessary to go through some steps, such as: separation in terms of simple units, non-built complex, morphological built units and syntagmatic compounds. From this separation, it was revealed that there is a widespread incidence of syntagmatic compounds in this terminology, especially those formed with the following structure: "test X", with X being an eponymy. The results of morphologically built units were: suffixation is the predominant process, mainly formed with the suffixes -ia,-ite,- ose, the composition was second, highlighting the presence of greeks archeoconstituants. Considering these results, it was possible to organize a database of Physiotherapy s morphological terminology, containing the terms and the formation processes, as well as another correlated database, containing all archeoconstituants used in the formation of the terms. On this basis, we present the descriptive meaning of these units and related terms. We hope that these organized results might be useful for subsequent computational implementation and on-line availability of data. Thus, with this work, we intend to contribute to a better understanding of the morphological level, and call the attention of linguists for greater explicitness of linguistic knowledge, especially in the morphological level.
A voz que canta na voz que fala: poética e política na trajetória de Gilberto Gil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-05)
Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Varoni de
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Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0019513394358070
Dans ce travail de thèse on analyse la cartographie d'un sujet du discours, il est Gilberto Gil. Cette analyse prend dès leur inscription dans un événement discursif, le tropicalisme, dans la fin des années 1960, jusqu'au début de leur gestion comme Ministre de la Culture pendant le gouvernement du président Lula, entre les années 2003 et 2008. Il nous est donc intéressant de vérifier le mouvement entre deux lieux énonciatifs, qui sont occupés par le compositeur populaire et par le Ministre. Dans ce trajet, on veut réfléchir sur le fonctionnement d'archive de « brésilité » à partir des relations entre l'art et la politique dès le contexte d'émergence de la dictature militaire en 1964 jusqu'à l'arrivée de l'ex-métallurgique Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva au pouvoir. Notre travail est basé surtout sur l'Analyse du Discours française qui nous donne les concepts les plus importants pour notre analyse : énoncé, formation discursive, archive, interdiscours et intradiscours. Ce sont des outils qui nous permettent de vérifier les relations savoir-pouvoir dans l'activité de la chanson populaire bien que de vérifier comment ces relations-là contribuent pour la production de subjectivités dans la société brésilienne. Le corpus de notre recherche est composé par des chansons et des prononcés du Ministre, les deux vus comme des manifestations syncrétiques. On propose, encore, la proximité des oeuvres de chercheurs qui font leurs recherches dans une perspective historique de la chanson brésilienne, par exemple Luis Tatit et José Miguel Wisnik. À partir de la compréhension du phénomène de la chanson populaire comme un « réseau de messages », on veut penser, d'un point de vue discursif, la relation entre la 'voix qui parle' et la 'voix qui chante'. Ainsi, on cherche de rendre problématique le chemin qui conduit l'artiste vers le Ministère comme un procès inverse. La 'voix qui chante' conduit à la 'voix qui parle' dans la politique et fournit, encore, un ballaste tropicaliste-anthropophagique au gouvernement Lula, surtout à ce qui se réfère à la recherche d'un nouveau lieu institutionnel du Brésil dans une société globalisé. La trajectoire de Gilberto Gil exemplifie, donc, la façon comme la chanson populaire est devenu une des plus grandes productions discursives dans l'antérieur de l'archive de « brésilité ».
A organização didática do ensino na educação infantil: implicações da teoria histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-05)
Lazaretti, Lucinéia Maria
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Mello, Maria Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7146481573883908
This present thesis is the result of a survey of exploratory bibliographical nature-explanatory notes and it aimed to analyze the possibilities of organizing didactic teaching in early childhood education, in the light of the Cultural-Historical Theory, based on pedagogical practices described in theses and dissertations produced in the period 1998-2010. The investigation led to the formulation of the following thesis: the didactic organization of teaching in early childhood education, grounded in theoretical-methodological bases of historical-Cultural Theory, can steer possibilities that promote children's learning and development from zero to six, directing the pedagogical practice of intentional and systematic way. The collection and selection of the material by the Capes portal, resulted in eleven dissertations and thesis, that described or analysed specific pedagogical practices in the everyday life of early childhood education. From this analysis, we articulated: there is an intentional and systematic education that target the pedagogical practices and, with it, the educational work is based in a fragmented teaching, in which the objectives-contents procedures appear off the context; There is no representative goals showing why to teach. This is due to a lack of to establish what to teach, how to teach and taking off the context; the teacher-student relationships and interactions are virtually absent and the mediation professor student knowledge is not representative and promoter of learning and development. This fragmented teaching reveals the fragility of didactic organization of teaching in early childhood education, where there is a break in the pedagogical practice from zero to six years: on the one hand, for children under three years, the educational process involves routines in care activities that prevail, fixed and rigid, with content geared to acquire habits and abilities restricted to daily life with goals of care, feed and maintain hygiene and adequate sleep; on the other hand, for children four to six years, isolated activities occur, with disconnected and fragmented subjects aimed to train and prepare for literacy, with exercises, instructional and training ready. These notes weaved some possibilities for forwarding the pedagogical practice in early childhood education. As conclusive synthesis, we argue that the didactic organization of teaching must have as the horizon full formation of the child and the child's education is takes ownership of the human and cultural forms this is the teacher's mediation that interferes in the zone of proximal development, challenging and encouraging the child to new learning. To do it, as representative of its educational work, we need to trace goals that promote maximum human potential crystallized in cultural heritage that needs to be appropriate in the form of content, enriched with, various, diverse and contextualized that make the pedagogical practice a space that represents the complex and elaborate human achievements, producing the cultural and human development in children.
Efeitos de nanopartículas de ouro sobre o tecido ósseo, rim, fígado e coração de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-05)
Ruffoni, Leandro Dias Gonçalves
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2883344668058072
The process of formation and remodeling of bone tissue is influenced by several factors such as hormones, nutrition, genetics, sex, age, intercurrent disease and environmental factors. There are published reports of the performance of nanoparticles on the development and bone remodeling, and also on kidney, liver and heart. The objective of this study was to analyze the possible influence of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) exposure on bone tissue and on kidney, heart and liver. After a single intravenous AuNPs exposure biometric, biophysical and biomechanical bone parameters of adult rats were analyzed. The animals were randomly distributed into three groups (1 week, 1 month and 2 months), divided into four, which were respectively treated with polymer poliaminoamida (PAMAM), PAMAM + AuNPs, citrate (citrate buffer) and citrate + AuNPs. Gold nanoparticles were administered by a single dose (0,01 mg Au/kg MC),via the jugular vein. The biomechanical properties of femurs were obtained by the three point bending test. The mass of the kidney, liver and heart were also analyzed. There were no significant differences of the different bone parameters and organs weights among the groups in their respective treatment periods. Therefore, the results indicated that the dose of AuNPs used in this study did not impair the quality of bone tissue as well as the organ weights. These results may help in understanding the possible actions of AuNPs on the bone tissue and organs.
Tratamentos de superfícies em Ti-CP, Ti-6Al-4V e Ti-6Al- 7Nb visando a osseointegração de implantes: propriedades das superfícies e respostas osteoblásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-10)
Oliveira, Diego Pedreira de
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8388790875028551
The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties of the surfaces of CP-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys modified via chemical treatments, as well as evaluating the behavior of human osteoblastic cells as function of these changes. For this purpose, samples of the three alloys were etched with hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid, followed or not by alkaline treatment, and subsequently analyzed their morphology, roughness, effective area and contact angle (wettability). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of surfaces and EDS for chemical compositions. Roughness and effective area measurements were performed with confocal laser microscope. A goniometer was used for the measurement of contact angle. Osteoblastic responses were evaluated by means of the technique of polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription real-time (real-time PCR) to determine the gene expression of ALPL, COL1A1, COL3A1, SPP1, RUNX2 and SPARC. The results showed that the treatments significantly change the surface properties and induced the gene expression of human osteoblasts. All treatments caused change in the chemical composition of the sample surface. Acid treatments caused changes in actual topography and area, while alkaline treatments altered the surface morphology and increased hydrophilicity compared to the only abraded samples (controls). The gene expression was regulated differently in accordance with the surface treatment employed in the samples tested. Overall, treatment with alkaline treatment and phosphoric acid are more effective to control cell behavior. The alkali treatment and acid treatments together induce changes in the topography at micro, submicron and in some cases nanometric scales, which may amplify and accelerate the response of the cells on the materials.
Comportamento estrutural de vigas mistas de aço e concreto com protensão externa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-11)
Nelsen, Anna Carolina Haiduk
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Souza, Alex Sander Clemente de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572504605209699
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5833175927377476
This report investigates the structural behavior, procedures for analysis and design of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite beams. Based upon the requirements outlined in ABNT NRB 8800:2008 for conventional composite beams and in the literature review, a systematic procedure was developed to design of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite beams requested the positive bending moment. Was analyzed the main modes of global collapse, especially the ultimate limit state design (ELU), which may occur in this type of structure. Also, elaborated a parametric study aimed to analyze the influence of variation in the level of prestressing and the eccentricity of tendons, as well as the constructive methodology (pretensioning and posttensioning) adopted for the the prestressing steel profile that makes up the of steel-concrete composite beam. The parametric study showed that in both methods the predominant failure mode occurs in 2nd Stage of construction. In models of composite beams analyzed with application of pretensioned when the tendon is positioned above the bottom flange of the profile steel the failure mode occurred for the combined bending and axial compression .As for the composite beams evaluated with posttensioned, independent of the position of the tendon, the failure mode occurred in function of the bending moment more than the allowable flexural strength. However, it is noted that the level of prestressing can be adequately calculated to ensure that there is no loss of carrying capacity of the structure. It was also observed that regardless of the constructive methodology adopted, higher eccentricities result in higher bearing capacity for the steel beam, as exposed in the literature review. While in Brazil is largely unexplored, there was widespread interest in the international literature on the subject in question and their variances, giving rise to theoretical and experimental. Also been mentioned as potential applications in the design of new structures and the renovation and rehabilitation of existing structures.
Extração automática de relações semânticas a partir de textos escritos em português do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-11)
Taba, Leonardo Sameshima
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945193976624030
Information extraction (IE) is one of the many applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP); it focuses on processing texts in order to retrieve specific information about a certain entity or concept. One of its subtasks is the automatic extraction of semantic relations between terms, which is very useful in the construction and improvement of linguistic resources such as ontologies and lexical bases. Moreover, there s a rising demand for semantic knowledge, as many computational NLP systems need that information in their processing. Applications such as information retrieval from web documents and automatic translation to other languages could benefit from that kind of knowledge. However, there aren t sufficient human resources to produce that knowledge at the same rate of its demand. Aiming to solve that semantic data scarcity problem, this work investigates how binary semantic relations can be automatically extracted from Brazilian Portuguese texts. These relations are based on Minsky s (1986) theory and are used to represent common sense knowledge in the Open Mind Common Sense no Brasil (OMCS-Br) project developed at LIA (Laboratório de Interação Avanc¸ada), partner of LaLiC (Laborat´orio de Lingu´ıstica Computacional), where this research was conducted, both in Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). The first strategies for this task were based on searching textual patterns in texts, where a certain textual expression indicates that there is a specific relation between two terms in a sentence. This approach has high precision but low recall, which led to the research of methods that use machine learning as their main model, encompassing techniques such as probabilistic and statistical classifiers and also kernel methods, which currently figure among the state of the art. Therefore, this work investigates, implements and evaluates some of these techniques in order to determine how and to which extent they can be applied to the automatic extraction of binary semantic relations in Portuguese texts. In that way, this work is an important step in the advancement of the state of the art in information extraction for the Portuguese language, which still lacks resources in the semantic area, and also advances the Portuguese language NLP scenario as a whole.
Refinamento de superfícies de quadriláteros baseado em templates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-11)
Nakano, Davi Yoshinori Cangussú
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Liziér, Mario Augusto de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1257131701222446
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8559140526906015
The computational representation of objects by means of polygonal meshes is widely used in various areas such as modeling, simulation, engineering, rendering process and various other CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) applications. These polygonal meshes are commonly built with triangles and processing these elements is widely studied, making that such techniques are well established and robust. However, there is a growing interest in quadrilateral meshes as they provide important characteristics for applications such as texturing and modeling with splines. With the increasing interest in the study of unstructured quadrilateral surfaces, there is the rise of new processing techniques related to simplification and refinement. This dissertation presents a complete pipeline for indirect generation of quadrilateral surface meshes, proposing a new refinement method of quadrilateral meshes. This new method is a local iterative subdivision process, ensuring the consistency of the mesh at each iteration and has the following main features: ability to guide the quality of generated quadrilaterals; control the number of generated elements; generate a family of models; control quadrilaterals density (adaptivity) and control the alignment of quadrilaterals lines with features lines of the model. The implementation restricts the refinement to homeomorphic models to a sphere. The results presented illustrate the effectiveness of the refinement technique and adaptivity control.
Abates não inspecionados de ovinos em propriedades rurais no município de Tauá (CE): uma análise das características do ambiente institucional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-12)
Souza, Juan Diego Ferelli de
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Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3477261816313176
The non-inspected slaughter is a serious problem that affects the sheep-raising sector in Brazil. Estimates indicate that more than 90% of the sheep meat traded nationwide, is carried out in non-inspected places. Several are the agents of this production chain who perform the non-inspected slaughter, among whom are farmers. The aim of this study was to analyze, from the perspective of institutional environment, the reasons that lead farmers to carry out slaughter on farm, as a commercial activity, at the city of Tauá (CE), Brazil. Under this scope, comparative analyzes of the socioeconomic, technological and marketing of farmers who do not slaughter their sheep were performed, as well as with sheep-slaughterer farmers in the county. The city of Tauá was chosen as the location for this study due to its importance to sheep sector in Ceará State and the Northeastern Brazil. Using the survey research methodology, 336 sheep-raising farmers were interviewed. The following methods were used for statistical analysis: chi-squared test, Mean-testing and Fisher's exact test. The results demonstrated that 16.7% of the producers perform sheep slaughtering, while 83.3% usually trade live sheep to dealers. The theoretical referencing used was the New Institutional Economics and literature on the informal economy, from which hypotheses were developed, about possible determinants for farmers decision.. Eight determinant factors were identified and 2 distinguishing characteristics of producers who slaughter, from those who do not, in the Tauá county.
Análise da prática dos agricultores familiares na Microbacia do rio Piraporinha, Piedade-SP; usando indicadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-12)
Moraes, Clodoaldo de
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Franco, Fernando Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1038689828713219
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Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
This work aims to evaluate the agricultural practice and its interaction with the soil and water in the Microbacia do rio Piraporinha, Piedade-SP , important city in the backdrop of state and national agricultural production. Thus, diagnosing the consequences of this practice to the environment. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a data collection tool that guide the proposed work. This tool, in turn, is based in part on the methodologies of Diagnóstico Rural Participativo (DRP), which guided the interpretation of the territory built diagnosed. Through a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions, was interviewed twenty farmers of the territory, that farmers who represent 25% of total farmers Watershed, which are eighty farmers. Besides the diagnosis performed in the field, owned by property, we used also the method MESMIS (Marco Evaluación Systems for Natural Resources Management Incorporating indicators sustentabilidad). Therefore, here are some agroecological concepts to deal with agriculture. The work points to an agricultural practice intensive and continuous synthetic pesticides and fertilizers as well as soil conservation practices ineffective. Consequently they bring financial loss, social and environmental for the study area. In addition to the problems identified, the study shows the relevance of considering a change of attitude in the Watershed agricultural work. We conclude that the analyzed territory lacks technical guidance public without commercial interest. That contrary to conventional knowledge are matters that are not part of the daily farmer's Watershed.
Determinação in situ de analitos de interesse alimentício empregando tratamento de imagens digitais de spot tests
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-12)
Benedetti, Luzia Pires dos Santos
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9502756910978934
In this work a simple, fast and inexpensive analytical method was developed to carry out in situ determinations of ethanol and sulfite ions in food samples. The method was based on digital images captured by cameras and / or mobile phones, using a proper device for this purpose. Indirect colorimetry was employed, where it was measured the intensity of the light reflected by the solution, employing the RGB color model. The quantification of the analytes was performed by calibration curve method, using image processing software to obtain the numerical values for each one of the three primary colors (red (R), green (G) and blue (B)). In the first procedure, it was determined the ethanol concentration in drinks, obtaining limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.25 and 0.85 %, respectively, with a linear calibration curve in the range from 1 to 20 % v / v (r = 0.999), using the R channel due to better linearity and results in close agreement to the spectrophotometric method used as reference method, with a confidence level of 95 %. The recovery study was carried out in six commercial samples and the recovery percentage ranged between 85.0 and 106%. The sulfite ions were determined in wines, vinegars and juices samples, with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 3.3 × 10-5 mol L -1 and 1.0 × 10 -4 mol L-1, respectively, and with a linear calibration curve from 1.0 × 10-4 to 3.0 × 10-3 mol L1 (r = 0.997) using the B channel supplying a good linearity and results in close agreement to the iodometric titration method employed as reference method, at a confidence level of 95 %. The recovery percentage of sulfite in commercial samples ranged between 84.4 and 103%.
Estudo da vegetação do Parque natural municipal Corredores da Biodiversidade (PNMCBio), Sorocaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-15)
Coelho, Samuel
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Leite, Eliana Cardoso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3368833362954429
Os efeitos do ensino de tato para itens de alta e baixa preferência na emergência do mando em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-19)
Mendes, Valeria
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1579234036925651
Children with atypical development and with verbal behavior deficits, specifically children with autism, can benefit from a systematic teaching of verbal operants and programs that promote its generalization. Verbal behavior is an operant behavior maintained by consequences mediated by a listener that was previously trained by the verbal community to respond to such verbal stimuli. Among the verbal operants, three were of particular interest to this research: echoic, tact and mand. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of tact training for high and low preferred leisure items in the emergence of mand for these same items. Five students with autism (aged from 5 to 14 years old) attending a special education school participated in this research. Participants were exposed one at a time to the experimental conditions and the behavior was observed in the test condition of mand, teaching tact and, then, the effects of the tact teaching was observed in the emergence of mand. The experimental stimuli (leisure items and edibles) were selected from the indication of the parents and teacher, followed by a Forced Choice preference assessment. At the end of the teaching procedure, participants presented tact for high (AP) and low preferred (BP) items. In the mand post-test, participants demonstrated the emergence of this operant with a higher frequency of responses for AP items. The results suggest that the emergence of mands with a higher frequency of responses for AP items may be related to the motivating operation, since the AP items could exert a more reinforcing function than the BP items, which has practical implications for the teaching of verbal behavior.
Desenvolvimento de um potenciostato/galvanostato portátil e eletrodos impressos para determinações in situ em análises em fluxo com transmissão de dados em tempo real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-19)
Santos, Vagner Bezerra dos
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5690211284729828
The main purpose of this work was to develop a potentiostat/galvanostat (PG004) to perform the electroactive metallic ions determination in water samples automatically. A dry thermostated electrochemical cell and a flow system with multicommutation were developed based on the use of the solenoid micropumps and valves with screen-printed electrodes (SPE) for the electrochemical measurements with detection employing stopped flow or continuous flow techniques. Two types of the SPE were developed: i) the SPE based on bismuth film (SPE-BiF) electrochemically deposited for on-line and in situ or ex situ modes, and ii) the boron doped diamond coupled to the SPE (SPE-BDD). These devices, and the electrodes were optimized and their performances were evaluated firstly by employing commercially available potentiostat/galvanostat. Thus, individual or simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions were carried out using the stopped flow technique and detection employing square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) to the SPE-BiF, and differential pulse (DPASV) for the SPE-BDD. Limits of detection (LDs) of 1.60 μg L-1, 0.30 μg L-1 and 0.09 μg mL-1, respectively were obtained for the simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions by using the SPE BiF ex-situ with SWASV. For the BDD-SPE-DPASV, LDs of 2.50 μg L-1, 0.38 μg L-1 and 0.10 μg L-1 were obtained, respectively, for the determination mentioned previously. Determination of analytes individually or simultaneously were also carried out with SPE-BDD employing multiple pulse amperometry (MPA), and LDs of 150 μg L-1, 87.0 μg L-1 and 13.0 μg mL-1 were obtained respectively for simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions with a sampling rate of 54 determinations per hour. In parallel with the electroanalyticals determinations, the PG004 was developed according to the following sequence. i) development of the electronic circuits; ii) calibrations of the PG004; iii) assembly of the PG004 with the flow module coupled to it; iv) coupling of the peripheral devices to the CPU of the PG004 for the wireless transmission of the data with Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi® and 3G protocol, and a GPS receiver), and v) connections of the power unit (12 V batteries) and solar board. Then, the PG004 was employed to determine Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions with SPE-BDD and SWASV in laboratory to simulate in situ conditions. Then, the PG004 was placed to the field for in situ determinations of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions with good results: i) individual and simultaneous determinations of the Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions with recoveries ranged from 93.3 to 109%; ii) voltammograms with no noises and with good resolutions; iii) reception of the geographical coordinates using the GPS receiver and sending experimental data via mobile technology (GPRS); iv) great autonomy of energy due to the solar board; v) automated capture, filtration and thermostatic temperature control for in situ analysis; vi) SPE-BDD and SPE-BiF reusable at the end of the analysis and vii) low waste generation per determination (700 μL).
Caracterização elétrica e microestrutural de vitrocerâmicas condutoras por íon lítio com estrutura NASICON
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-22)
Semanate, José Luis Narváez
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Rodrigues, Ana Candida Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4499231813051400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9824558997496023
This doctoral thesis presents results of the chemical, thermal, structural, microstructural and electrical characterization of glass and glass-ceramics with Li1,3Al0,3Ti1,7(PO4)3 (LATP), Li1,5Al0,5Ge1,5(PO4)3 (LAGP) and (LixNa1-x)1,5Al0,5Ge1,5(PO4)3 (LNAGP) compositions. All the compositions are shown to present homogeneous volume nucleation (Tgr ≤ 0.6), enabling their microstructures to be controlled through heat treatments, which in this study were single and double. The highly conductive NASICON-type phase was obtained in all the studied compositions. Secondary phases were also observed, albeit with no deleterious effect on the total electrical conductivity. Electrical characterization by impedance spectroscopy, performed at various temperatures below ambient temperature, enabled the contributions of the grain and grain boundary on the total electrical conductivity to be separated. An analysis of the two glass-ceramics, LATP and LAGP, leads to the conclusion that, in both cases, the total electrical resistance of the samples, and hence, their total electrical conductivity, is dominated by the grain boundary. The LATP composition presented higher electrical conductivity at room temperature, but also lower glass forming ability (very low Kgl). A Rietveld refinement of the LATP samples obtained by single heat treatment revealed that the concentration of lithium ions in the unit cell increases as a function of the heat treatment temperature. The electrical conductivity results indicate a relationship between this property and the thickness and volume fraction of grain boundaries, since the latter decrease with heat treatment temperature (in TTS case) and increase with nucleation time (in the case of TTD). The LATP samples obtained by TTD exhibited higher electrical conductivity than those obtained by TTS at the same temperature; however, this effect was not observed in the LAGP samples. The electrical conductivity of the LNAGP samples showed a mixed alkali effect in both the glasses and the corresponding glass-ceramics.
Desenvolvimento de sistema para monitoramento e controle de biorreator airlift de escala de bancada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-22)
Torresam, Gabriel Deriggi
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3114111479745705
In the present work it was developed a system for monitoring and control of a bench scale concentric-tube airlift bioreactor of 5.0 L working volume. The software-based language G (Labview) provides the user monitor important process variables such as dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, volumetric flow rate of feed, pressure difference between two points along the axial direction and temperature in two regions of liquid phase flow phase, and it can act in the volumetric flow rate and gas stream composition at the input of bioreactor. Overall gas hold-up (eG) and gas hold-up in riser (eR) and downcomer (eD) regions were determined using volumetric expansion and gauge measurement methods. Mixing time (tm) and circulation time (tC) were determined by thermal and pH pulse methods. Dynamic pressure method was utilized for evaluating mass transfer measurement in airwater biphasic system. These methods were utilized in order to obtain significant hydrodynamic performance parameters as a function of superficial gas velocity in the riser (UGR). Analyses of the oxygen transfer dynamics were also used in the development of automatic control loop to control the dissolved oxygen concentration. As a concrete result, this study provided software for data acquisition and monitoring of all sensors in pneumatic bioreactor, providing a tool to explore the hydrodynamic performance and control of the dissolved oxygen concentration in concentric-tube airlift bioreactor during aerobic cultivations. The system validation was performed by comparing the results obtained in the hydrodynamics tests with those of literature and control loop was tested in simulations involving a cultivation of a strictly aerobic microorganism.
Cerâmicas de PZT modificadas com terras raras sintetizadas usando o método dos complexos oxidantes de peróxido (OPM) e sinterizadas por micro-ondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-23)
Yamada, Liliam Kaori
;
Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2196981696722912
The Pb(Zr0,52Ti0,48)O3 solid solution in morphotropic phase and its modified (RExPb1-x)(Zr0,52Ti0,48O3) with RE = La, Pr or Nd and x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.38 and 0.45 were satisfctorily prepared by oxidant peroxo method (OPM), in which the solid solutions of Pr- and Nd-PZT were first synthesized by this technique. The PZT medication with RE caused the loss of tetragonal character and decreased stiffness of Zr / TiO6 octahedra with the meeting of ceramic saturation in 10 % to Pr and 20 % to La and Nd. The optimization of calcination condition of PZT powders at 600 °C / 0.5 h caused to be impurity free in its structure. Futhermore, showed grains less coalesced with size more homogeneous with little necks formation in relation to other thermal conditions performed. On the other hand, the RE-PZT powders cacined in the same condition showed impurities in its structure which was not ideal for complete crystallization of the powder. The ceramic bodies, prepared from these powders calcined at 600 °C / 0.5 h with sintering in microwave oven at three different conditions: 900 °C / 2 h, 1000 °C / 0.5 h and 1000 °C / 2 h, showed relative density values over 98 % for pure PZT and below 96 % for RE-PZT without change in value between the different sintering conditions performed.
Variaçãos sazonal e migração vertical da comunidade zooplanctônica (exceto Rotifera) do reservatório de Itupararanga, Votorantim, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-24)
Giron, Aline Karen Santana
;
Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
;
Magrin, Albano Geraldo Emílio
;
MAGRIN, A. G. E.
The present study aimed to analyse the Itupararanga reservoir zooplankton community in relation to diel and seasonal variation and vertical migration of the organisms in the water column and verify if there are patterns of variation. For this two samples were performed in the reservoir in 2011: in February, rainy period and in july, dry period. The collections were performed in diel cycle (every four hours), in three different layers of the water column (surface, middle and bottom) and in two environments of the reservoir (dam and central body). Stratification in the water column was observed for both environments and both periods. 25 species of the mesozooplankton were identified. Chaoborus larvae were more abundant in February in relation to july and the opposite was observed for cladocerans and copepods. Among the copepods, dominance of juvenile stages (nauplii and copepodites) was observed in both environments and periods. Among the adults of copepods the specie more abundant was Notodiaptomus deitersi (1.298 org.m3) and among the cladocerans was Bosmina freyi (32.282 org.m3). The peak of the total density of the zooplankton community occurred during the dry period in the dam environment with 81.211 org.m3. Chaoborus exercised predation pressure on microcrustaceans during the rainy period. During the dry period, in the absence of Chaoborus in the water column, cladocerans and copepods were more ecologically successful. For all of the groups was observed the usual pattern of vertical migration; reverse migration was not observed. Despite predation pressure, the microcrustaceans not altered their vertical distribution for decrease special overlap with Chaoborus. For all of the groups the migration pattern adopted seems a result of escape from predators and search for good food resources.
Caracterização estrutural e funcional de uma xiloglucanase de Xanthomonas campestris
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-25)
Araújo, Evandro Ares de
;
Polikarpov, Igor
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9669532724764871
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2779616651062488
Xyloglucanases (Xghs) are important enzymes involved in xyloglucan modification and degradation. Xanthomonas campestris (Xcc) is a phytopathogenic bacterium which produces a large number of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), but has only one family 74 GH (Xcc-Xgh). A Xcc-Xgh xyloglucan-specific endo-β-1,4-glucanase from family GH74 has been cloned from the Xanthomonas campestris by expression cloning in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified by resin another Ni-NTA column and gel permeation chromatography. The recombinant Xcc-Xgh is stable at pH of 5.3 and temperature below 40°C; the specific activity this enzyme were determined such as 9.31U/mg protein. This enzyme was purified and crystallized. Diffraction datasets were collected for native enzyme and its two complexs with glucose at maximum resolution of 2.0, 2.1 and 2.7 Å, respectively. Data were indexed in the hexagonal crystalline system with unit-cell parameters a=b=153.4 and c=84.9 Å. Data scaling indicated that crystals belong to either space group P61 or its enantiomorph P65. Translation search in molecular replacement calculations solved the space group ambiguity (P61) and the structure refinement is currently in progress. That elucidation of the three-dimensional structure by SAXS and Crystallography of this enzyme will increase our understanding of structure function relationships of the GH74 family members and might provide new structural insights about xyloglucanases mode of action on xyloglucan polysaccharides.