Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2013-07-10"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 17880

Tratamentos de superfícies em Ti-CP, Ti-6Al-4V e Ti-6Al- 7Nb visando a osseointegração de implantes: propriedades das superfícies e respostas osteoblásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-10)
Oliveira, Diego Pedreira de
;
Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8388790875028551
The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties of the surfaces of CP-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys modified via chemical treatments, as well as evaluating the behavior of human osteoblastic cells as function of these changes. For this purpose, samples of the three alloys were etched with hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid, followed or not by alkaline treatment, and subsequently analyzed their morphology, roughness, effective area and contact angle (wettability). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of surfaces and EDS for chemical compositions. Roughness and effective area measurements were performed with confocal laser microscope. A goniometer was used for the measurement of contact angle. Osteoblastic responses were evaluated by means of the technique of polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription real-time (real-time PCR) to determine the gene expression of ALPL, COL1A1, COL3A1, SPP1, RUNX2 and SPARC. The results showed that the treatments significantly change the surface properties and induced the gene expression of human osteoblasts. All treatments caused change in the chemical composition of the sample surface. Acid treatments caused changes in actual topography and area, while alkaline treatments altered the surface morphology and increased hydrophilicity compared to the only abraded samples (controls). The gene expression was regulated differently in accordance with the surface treatment employed in the samples tested. Overall, treatment with alkaline treatment and phosphoric acid are more effective to control cell behavior. The alkali treatment and acid treatments together induce changes in the topography at micro, submicron and in some cases nanometric scales, which may amplify and accelerate the response of the cells on the materials.
Comportamento estrutural de vigas mistas de aço e concreto com protensão externa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-11)
Nelsen, Anna Carolina Haiduk
;
Souza, Alex Sander Clemente de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572504605209699
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5833175927377476
This report investigates the structural behavior, procedures for analysis and design of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite beams. Based upon the requirements outlined in ABNT NRB 8800:2008 for conventional composite beams and in the literature review, a systematic procedure was developed to design of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite beams requested the positive bending moment. Was analyzed the main modes of global collapse, especially the ultimate limit state design (ELU), which may occur in this type of structure. Also, elaborated a parametric study aimed to analyze the influence of variation in the level of prestressing and the eccentricity of tendons, as well as the constructive methodology (pretensioning and posttensioning) adopted for the the prestressing steel profile that makes up the of steel-concrete composite beam. The parametric study showed that in both methods the predominant failure mode occurs in 2nd Stage of construction. In models of composite beams analyzed with application of pretensioned when the tendon is positioned above the bottom flange of the profile steel the failure mode occurred for the combined bending and axial compression .As for the composite beams evaluated with posttensioned, independent of the position of the tendon, the failure mode occurred in function of the bending moment more than the allowable flexural strength. However, it is noted that the level of prestressing can be adequately calculated to ensure that there is no loss of carrying capacity of the structure. It was also observed that regardless of the constructive methodology adopted, higher eccentricities result in higher bearing capacity for the steel beam, as exposed in the literature review. While in Brazil is largely unexplored, there was widespread interest in the international literature on the subject in question and their variances, giving rise to theoretical and experimental. Also been mentioned as potential applications in the design of new structures and the renovation and rehabilitation of existing structures.
Extração automática de relações semânticas a partir de textos escritos em português do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-11)
Taba, Leonardo Sameshima
;
Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945193976624030
Information extraction (IE) is one of the many applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP); it focuses on processing texts in order to retrieve specific information about a certain entity or concept. One of its subtasks is the automatic extraction of semantic relations between terms, which is very useful in the construction and improvement of linguistic resources such as ontologies and lexical bases. Moreover, there s a rising demand for semantic knowledge, as many computational NLP systems need that information in their processing. Applications such as information retrieval from web documents and automatic translation to other languages could benefit from that kind of knowledge. However, there aren t sufficient human resources to produce that knowledge at the same rate of its demand. Aiming to solve that semantic data scarcity problem, this work investigates how binary semantic relations can be automatically extracted from Brazilian Portuguese texts. These relations are based on Minsky s (1986) theory and are used to represent common sense knowledge in the Open Mind Common Sense no Brasil (OMCS-Br) project developed at LIA (Laboratório de Interação Avanc¸ada), partner of LaLiC (Laborat´orio de Lingu´ıstica Computacional), where this research was conducted, both in Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). The first strategies for this task were based on searching textual patterns in texts, where a certain textual expression indicates that there is a specific relation between two terms in a sentence. This approach has high precision but low recall, which led to the research of methods that use machine learning as their main model, encompassing techniques such as probabilistic and statistical classifiers and also kernel methods, which currently figure among the state of the art. Therefore, this work investigates, implements and evaluates some of these techniques in order to determine how and to which extent they can be applied to the automatic extraction of binary semantic relations in Portuguese texts. In that way, this work is an important step in the advancement of the state of the art in information extraction for the Portuguese language, which still lacks resources in the semantic area, and also advances the Portuguese language NLP scenario as a whole.
Refinamento de superfícies de quadriláteros baseado em templates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-11)
Nakano, Davi Yoshinori Cangussú
;
Liziér, Mario Augusto de Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1257131701222446
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8559140526906015
The computational representation of objects by means of polygonal meshes is widely used in various areas such as modeling, simulation, engineering, rendering process and various other CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) applications. These polygonal meshes are commonly built with triangles and processing these elements is widely studied, making that such techniques are well established and robust. However, there is a growing interest in quadrilateral meshes as they provide important characteristics for applications such as texturing and modeling with splines. With the increasing interest in the study of unstructured quadrilateral surfaces, there is the rise of new processing techniques related to simplification and refinement. This dissertation presents a complete pipeline for indirect generation of quadrilateral surface meshes, proposing a new refinement method of quadrilateral meshes. This new method is a local iterative subdivision process, ensuring the consistency of the mesh at each iteration and has the following main features: ability to guide the quality of generated quadrilaterals; control the number of generated elements; generate a family of models; control quadrilaterals density (adaptivity) and control the alignment of quadrilaterals lines with features lines of the model. The implementation restricts the refinement to homeomorphic models to a sphere. The results presented illustrate the effectiveness of the refinement technique and adaptivity control.
Abates não inspecionados de ovinos em propriedades rurais no município de Tauá (CE): uma análise das características do ambiente institucional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-12)
Souza, Juan Diego Ferelli de
;
Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3477261816313176
The non-inspected slaughter is a serious problem that affects the sheep-raising sector in Brazil. Estimates indicate that more than 90% of the sheep meat traded nationwide, is carried out in non-inspected places. Several are the agents of this production chain who perform the non-inspected slaughter, among whom are farmers. The aim of this study was to analyze, from the perspective of institutional environment, the reasons that lead farmers to carry out slaughter on farm, as a commercial activity, at the city of Tauá (CE), Brazil. Under this scope, comparative analyzes of the socioeconomic, technological and marketing of farmers who do not slaughter their sheep were performed, as well as with sheep-slaughterer farmers in the county. The city of Tauá was chosen as the location for this study due to its importance to sheep sector in Ceará State and the Northeastern Brazil. Using the survey research methodology, 336 sheep-raising farmers were interviewed. The following methods were used for statistical analysis: chi-squared test, Mean-testing and Fisher's exact test. The results demonstrated that 16.7% of the producers perform sheep slaughtering, while 83.3% usually trade live sheep to dealers. The theoretical referencing used was the New Institutional Economics and literature on the informal economy, from which hypotheses were developed, about possible determinants for farmers decision.. Eight determinant factors were identified and 2 distinguishing characteristics of producers who slaughter, from those who do not, in the Tauá county.
Análise da prática dos agricultores familiares na Microbacia do rio Piraporinha, Piedade-SP; usando indicadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-12)
Moraes, Clodoaldo de
;
Franco, Fernando Silveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1038689828713219
;
Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
This work aims to evaluate the agricultural practice and its interaction with the soil and water in the Microbacia do rio Piraporinha, Piedade-SP , important city in the backdrop of state and national agricultural production. Thus, diagnosing the consequences of this practice to the environment. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a data collection tool that guide the proposed work. This tool, in turn, is based in part on the methodologies of Diagnóstico Rural Participativo (DRP), which guided the interpretation of the territory built diagnosed. Through a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions, was interviewed twenty farmers of the territory, that farmers who represent 25% of total farmers Watershed, which are eighty farmers. Besides the diagnosis performed in the field, owned by property, we used also the method MESMIS (Marco Evaluación Systems for Natural Resources Management Incorporating indicators sustentabilidad). Therefore, here are some agroecological concepts to deal with agriculture. The work points to an agricultural practice intensive and continuous synthetic pesticides and fertilizers as well as soil conservation practices ineffective. Consequently they bring financial loss, social and environmental for the study area. In addition to the problems identified, the study shows the relevance of considering a change of attitude in the Watershed agricultural work. We conclude that the analyzed territory lacks technical guidance public without commercial interest. That contrary to conventional knowledge are matters that are not part of the daily farmer's Watershed.
Determinação in situ de analitos de interesse alimentício empregando tratamento de imagens digitais de spot tests
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-12)
Benedetti, Luzia Pires dos Santos
;
Fatibello Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9502756910978934
In this work a simple, fast and inexpensive analytical method was developed to carry out in situ determinations of ethanol and sulfite ions in food samples. The method was based on digital images captured by cameras and / or mobile phones, using a proper device for this purpose. Indirect colorimetry was employed, where it was measured the intensity of the light reflected by the solution, employing the RGB color model. The quantification of the analytes was performed by calibration curve method, using image processing software to obtain the numerical values for each one of the three primary colors (red (R), green (G) and blue (B)). In the first procedure, it was determined the ethanol concentration in drinks, obtaining limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.25 and 0.85 %, respectively, with a linear calibration curve in the range from 1 to 20 % v / v (r = 0.999), using the R channel due to better linearity and results in close agreement to the spectrophotometric method used as reference method, with a confidence level of 95 %. The recovery study was carried out in six commercial samples and the recovery percentage ranged between 85.0 and 106%. The sulfite ions were determined in wines, vinegars and juices samples, with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 3.3 × 10-5 mol L -1 and 1.0 × 10 -4 mol L-1, respectively, and with a linear calibration curve from 1.0 × 10-4 to 3.0 × 10-3 mol L1 (r = 0.997) using the B channel supplying a good linearity and results in close agreement to the iodometric titration method employed as reference method, at a confidence level of 95 %. The recovery percentage of sulfite in commercial samples ranged between 84.4 and 103%.
Estudo da vegetação do Parque natural municipal Corredores da Biodiversidade (PNMCBio), Sorocaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-15)
Coelho, Samuel
;
Leite, Eliana Cardoso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3368833362954429
Os efeitos do ensino de tato para itens de alta e baixa preferência na emergência do mando em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-19)
Mendes, Valeria
;
Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1579234036925651
Children with atypical development and with verbal behavior deficits, specifically children with autism, can benefit from a systematic teaching of verbal operants and programs that promote its generalization. Verbal behavior is an operant behavior maintained by consequences mediated by a listener that was previously trained by the verbal community to respond to such verbal stimuli. Among the verbal operants, three were of particular interest to this research: echoic, tact and mand. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of tact training for high and low preferred leisure items in the emergence of mand for these same items. Five students with autism (aged from 5 to 14 years old) attending a special education school participated in this research. Participants were exposed one at a time to the experimental conditions and the behavior was observed in the test condition of mand, teaching tact and, then, the effects of the tact teaching was observed in the emergence of mand. The experimental stimuli (leisure items and edibles) were selected from the indication of the parents and teacher, followed by a Forced Choice preference assessment. At the end of the teaching procedure, participants presented tact for high (AP) and low preferred (BP) items. In the mand post-test, participants demonstrated the emergence of this operant with a higher frequency of responses for AP items. The results suggest that the emergence of mands with a higher frequency of responses for AP items may be related to the motivating operation, since the AP items could exert a more reinforcing function than the BP items, which has practical implications for the teaching of verbal behavior.
Desenvolvimento de um potenciostato/galvanostato portátil e eletrodos impressos para determinações in situ em análises em fluxo com transmissão de dados em tempo real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-19)
Santos, Vagner Bezerra dos
;
Fatibello Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5690211284729828
The main purpose of this work was to develop a potentiostat/galvanostat (PG004) to perform the electroactive metallic ions determination in water samples automatically. A dry thermostated electrochemical cell and a flow system with multicommutation were developed based on the use of the solenoid micropumps and valves with screen-printed electrodes (SPE) for the electrochemical measurements with detection employing stopped flow or continuous flow techniques. Two types of the SPE were developed: i) the SPE based on bismuth film (SPE-BiF) electrochemically deposited for on-line and in situ or ex situ modes, and ii) the boron doped diamond coupled to the SPE (SPE-BDD). These devices, and the electrodes were optimized and their performances were evaluated firstly by employing commercially available potentiostat/galvanostat. Thus, individual or simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions were carried out using the stopped flow technique and detection employing square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) to the SPE-BiF, and differential pulse (DPASV) for the SPE-BDD. Limits of detection (LDs) of 1.60 μg L-1, 0.30 μg L-1 and 0.09 μg mL-1, respectively were obtained for the simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions by using the SPE BiF ex-situ with SWASV. For the BDD-SPE-DPASV, LDs of 2.50 μg L-1, 0.38 μg L-1 and 0.10 μg L-1 were obtained, respectively, for the determination mentioned previously. Determination of analytes individually or simultaneously were also carried out with SPE-BDD employing multiple pulse amperometry (MPA), and LDs of 150 μg L-1, 87.0 μg L-1 and 13.0 μg mL-1 were obtained respectively for simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions with a sampling rate of 54 determinations per hour. In parallel with the electroanalyticals determinations, the PG004 was developed according to the following sequence. i) development of the electronic circuits; ii) calibrations of the PG004; iii) assembly of the PG004 with the flow module coupled to it; iv) coupling of the peripheral devices to the CPU of the PG004 for the wireless transmission of the data with Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi® and 3G protocol, and a GPS receiver), and v) connections of the power unit (12 V batteries) and solar board. Then, the PG004 was employed to determine Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions with SPE-BDD and SWASV in laboratory to simulate in situ conditions. Then, the PG004 was placed to the field for in situ determinations of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions with good results: i) individual and simultaneous determinations of the Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions with recoveries ranged from 93.3 to 109%; ii) voltammograms with no noises and with good resolutions; iii) reception of the geographical coordinates using the GPS receiver and sending experimental data via mobile technology (GPRS); iv) great autonomy of energy due to the solar board; v) automated capture, filtration and thermostatic temperature control for in situ analysis; vi) SPE-BDD and SPE-BiF reusable at the end of the analysis and vii) low waste generation per determination (700 μL).
Caracterização elétrica e microestrutural de vitrocerâmicas condutoras por íon lítio com estrutura NASICON
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-22)
Semanate, José Luis Narváez
;
Rodrigues, Ana Candida Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4499231813051400
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9824558997496023
This doctoral thesis presents results of the chemical, thermal, structural, microstructural and electrical characterization of glass and glass-ceramics with Li1,3Al0,3Ti1,7(PO4)3 (LATP), Li1,5Al0,5Ge1,5(PO4)3 (LAGP) and (LixNa1-x)1,5Al0,5Ge1,5(PO4)3 (LNAGP) compositions. All the compositions are shown to present homogeneous volume nucleation (Tgr ≤ 0.6), enabling their microstructures to be controlled through heat treatments, which in this study were single and double. The highly conductive NASICON-type phase was obtained in all the studied compositions. Secondary phases were also observed, albeit with no deleterious effect on the total electrical conductivity. Electrical characterization by impedance spectroscopy, performed at various temperatures below ambient temperature, enabled the contributions of the grain and grain boundary on the total electrical conductivity to be separated. An analysis of the two glass-ceramics, LATP and LAGP, leads to the conclusion that, in both cases, the total electrical resistance of the samples, and hence, their total electrical conductivity, is dominated by the grain boundary. The LATP composition presented higher electrical conductivity at room temperature, but also lower glass forming ability (very low Kgl). A Rietveld refinement of the LATP samples obtained by single heat treatment revealed that the concentration of lithium ions in the unit cell increases as a function of the heat treatment temperature. The electrical conductivity results indicate a relationship between this property and the thickness and volume fraction of grain boundaries, since the latter decrease with heat treatment temperature (in TTS case) and increase with nucleation time (in the case of TTD). The LATP samples obtained by TTD exhibited higher electrical conductivity than those obtained by TTS at the same temperature; however, this effect was not observed in the LAGP samples. The electrical conductivity of the LNAGP samples showed a mixed alkali effect in both the glasses and the corresponding glass-ceramics.
Desenvolvimento de sistema para monitoramento e controle de biorreator airlift de escala de bancada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-22)
Torresam, Gabriel Deriggi
;
Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3114111479745705
In the present work it was developed a system for monitoring and control of a bench scale concentric-tube airlift bioreactor of 5.0 L working volume. The software-based language G (Labview) provides the user monitor important process variables such as dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, volumetric flow rate of feed, pressure difference between two points along the axial direction and temperature in two regions of liquid phase flow phase, and it can act in the volumetric flow rate and gas stream composition at the input of bioreactor. Overall gas hold-up (eG) and gas hold-up in riser (eR) and downcomer (eD) regions were determined using volumetric expansion and gauge measurement methods. Mixing time (tm) and circulation time (tC) were determined by thermal and pH pulse methods. Dynamic pressure method was utilized for evaluating mass transfer measurement in airwater biphasic system. These methods were utilized in order to obtain significant hydrodynamic performance parameters as a function of superficial gas velocity in the riser (UGR). Analyses of the oxygen transfer dynamics were also used in the development of automatic control loop to control the dissolved oxygen concentration. As a concrete result, this study provided software for data acquisition and monitoring of all sensors in pneumatic bioreactor, providing a tool to explore the hydrodynamic performance and control of the dissolved oxygen concentration in concentric-tube airlift bioreactor during aerobic cultivations. The system validation was performed by comparing the results obtained in the hydrodynamics tests with those of literature and control loop was tested in simulations involving a cultivation of a strictly aerobic microorganism.
Cerâmicas de PZT modificadas com terras raras sintetizadas usando o método dos complexos oxidantes de peróxido (OPM) e sinterizadas por micro-ondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-23)
Yamada, Liliam Kaori
;
Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2196981696722912
The Pb(Zr0,52Ti0,48)O3 solid solution in morphotropic phase and its modified (RExPb1-x)(Zr0,52Ti0,48O3) with RE = La, Pr or Nd and x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.38 and 0.45 were satisfctorily prepared by oxidant peroxo method (OPM), in which the solid solutions of Pr- and Nd-PZT were first synthesized by this technique. The PZT medication with RE caused the loss of tetragonal character and decreased stiffness of Zr / TiO6 octahedra with the meeting of ceramic saturation in 10 % to Pr and 20 % to La and Nd. The optimization of calcination condition of PZT powders at 600 °C / 0.5 h caused to be impurity free in its structure. Futhermore, showed grains less coalesced with size more homogeneous with little necks formation in relation to other thermal conditions performed. On the other hand, the RE-PZT powders cacined in the same condition showed impurities in its structure which was not ideal for complete crystallization of the powder. The ceramic bodies, prepared from these powders calcined at 600 °C / 0.5 h with sintering in microwave oven at three different conditions: 900 °C / 2 h, 1000 °C / 0.5 h and 1000 °C / 2 h, showed relative density values over 98 % for pure PZT and below 96 % for RE-PZT without change in value between the different sintering conditions performed.
Variaçãos sazonal e migração vertical da comunidade zooplanctônica (exceto Rotifera) do reservatório de Itupararanga, Votorantim, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-24)
Giron, Aline Karen Santana
;
Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
;
Magrin, Albano Geraldo Emílio
;
MAGRIN, A. G. E.
The present study aimed to analyse the Itupararanga reservoir zooplankton community in relation to diel and seasonal variation and vertical migration of the organisms in the water column and verify if there are patterns of variation. For this two samples were performed in the reservoir in 2011: in February, rainy period and in july, dry period. The collections were performed in diel cycle (every four hours), in three different layers of the water column (surface, middle and bottom) and in two environments of the reservoir (dam and central body). Stratification in the water column was observed for both environments and both periods. 25 species of the mesozooplankton were identified. Chaoborus larvae were more abundant in February in relation to july and the opposite was observed for cladocerans and copepods. Among the copepods, dominance of juvenile stages (nauplii and copepodites) was observed in both environments and periods. Among the adults of copepods the specie more abundant was Notodiaptomus deitersi (1.298 org.m3) and among the cladocerans was Bosmina freyi (32.282 org.m3). The peak of the total density of the zooplankton community occurred during the dry period in the dam environment with 81.211 org.m3. Chaoborus exercised predation pressure on microcrustaceans during the rainy period. During the dry period, in the absence of Chaoborus in the water column, cladocerans and copepods were more ecologically successful. For all of the groups was observed the usual pattern of vertical migration; reverse migration was not observed. Despite predation pressure, the microcrustaceans not altered their vertical distribution for decrease special overlap with Chaoborus. For all of the groups the migration pattern adopted seems a result of escape from predators and search for good food resources.
Caracterização estrutural e funcional de uma xiloglucanase de Xanthomonas campestris
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-25)
Araújo, Evandro Ares de
;
Polikarpov, Igor
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9669532724764871
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2779616651062488
Xyloglucanases (Xghs) are important enzymes involved in xyloglucan modification and degradation. Xanthomonas campestris (Xcc) is a phytopathogenic bacterium which produces a large number of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), but has only one family 74 GH (Xcc-Xgh). A Xcc-Xgh xyloglucan-specific endo-β-1,4-glucanase from family GH74 has been cloned from the Xanthomonas campestris by expression cloning in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified by resin another Ni-NTA column and gel permeation chromatography. The recombinant Xcc-Xgh is stable at pH of 5.3 and temperature below 40°C; the specific activity this enzyme were determined such as 9.31U/mg protein. This enzyme was purified and crystallized. Diffraction datasets were collected for native enzyme and its two complexs with glucose at maximum resolution of 2.0, 2.1 and 2.7 Å, respectively. Data were indexed in the hexagonal crystalline system with unit-cell parameters a=b=153.4 and c=84.9 Å. Data scaling indicated that crystals belong to either space group P61 or its enantiomorph P65. Translation search in molecular replacement calculations solved the space group ambiguity (P61) and the structure refinement is currently in progress. That elucidation of the three-dimensional structure by SAXS and Crystallography of this enzyme will increase our understanding of structure function relationships of the GH74 family members and might provide new structural insights about xyloglucanases mode of action on xyloglucan polysaccharides.
Modelagem e simulação em plantas de etanol: uma abordagem técnico-econômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-26)
Tonon Filho, Renato José
;
Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1304975895210691
The ethanol (fuel grade and anhydrous) is, fundamentally, the most relevant global biofuel nowadays, in energy, environmental, economic and technological terms. This scenario brings up the Brazilian ethanol, made from sugarcane, a very studied topic. Thus, knowing the process of ethanol production from sugarcane in technical terms shows itself as a relevant fact, since it can contribute to the increase of production plants profits. Notoriously, the acquaintance and analysis of some project s economic viability can greatly optimize the intended returns, while it can be taken as tool for decision making. Therefore, the present work aimed, in the technical side, the improvement of the computational model (developed with EMSO software) capable of simulating ethanol plants (first and second generations 1G and 2G, respectively) by the input of realistic data, obtained from actual operating ethanol plants. In the economic aspect, the simulations production data were used to feed the economic viability analysis, using the IRR (internal return rate) and NPV (net present value) concepts. Thereby, three cases were considered: 1) plant producing 1G ethanol and electric energy surplus (plant A); 2) plant producing 1G and 2G ethanol, no electric energy surplus (plant B) and 3) plant producing 1G ethanol and: either 2G ethanol or electric energy surplus (plant C). One obtained the following: IRRA = 7.6% and NPVA = - USD 34,5M; IRRB = 8,3% and NPVB = - USD 30,0M; IRRC = 8,0% and NPVC = - USD 41,8M. So, from that, one concludes that the methodology, the software and the biorefinery model were useful and adequate for the projected analysis. In comparison with the minimum acceptable rate of return (MARR, 11% in this case), none of the scenarios were acceptable (IRRs < MARR), which is ratified by the negative NPVs (all). None of the simulated plants were considered economic viable, being plant B the most attractive among the three cases, under the given conditions and assumptions.
Dinâmica da paisagem da Zona de Amortecimento do Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira como subsídio para a revisão do plano de manejo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-26)
Moraes, Mayra Cristina Prado de
;
Toppa, Rogério Hartung
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1246771709401210
;
Sansolo, Davis Gruber
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9763222402206421
The replacement of natural habitats by cultures promotes the remaining forest s fragments reduction, they become small, highly disturbed and isolated. The Buffer Zones (BZ) were created on the Conservation Units (CU) surroundings to lessen the adverse impacts exerted by the external environment to them. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the dynamic of the land use change in its anthropic and natural contexts, during the 1971, 1988 and 2008 years; determine the conflicts presents on the Riparian Forest (RF) and understand the processes that occurred in the Buffer Zone of the State Park of Porto Ferreira (SPPF). We conducted a mapping of the study area on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) platform, defining the classes of land s use and occupation. With the aid of landscape metrics (PROX, SHAPE, NNDist, Area, Core Area) was possible to evaluate the fragments in all years of the study. According to the results of the class use, sugarcane was the one that stood out, with a growth of 38.75 % increase over the years, with the largest increase (27.55 %) for the period 1971 -1988. Analyzing the entire period studied, the forested areas, had a reduction of 4.34% in the landscape, which corresponds to 259.7 ha, the fragments became less frequent in the landscape and generally associated with watercourses. For the metric connectivity, there was a tendency to slightly over 50 % of the fragments in the three years studied are not connected with any other. To SHAPE was not observed fragments with rounded shapes for any year, the core area found to forest fragments had 764.83 ha to 1971; 361.75 ha to 1988 ha and 428,21 for the 2008 year . The RF totaled 386 ha, with 39 % natural vegetation present. For the legal scenario, if all the PPA were preserved there would be an increase of 239 ha of natural vegetation. It was found that the dynamics of the use and occupation of the SPPF s BF was governed by economic cycles, and currently it has a matrix with predominance of sugarcane monoculture. The low percentage of natural vegetation, isolation of fragments and lack of greetings legislation with respect to RF in the BZ, are probably contributing to the degradation of the park. It is necessary to propose measures to ensure the sustainability of the landscape.
Parâmetros térmicos de solidificação, microestrutura e resistência mecânica de ligas eutéticas Sn-0,7%Cu-(xNi)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29)
Silva, Bismarck Luiz
;
Spinelli, José Eduardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4377238190630005
Sn-Pb traditional solder alloys were overly utilize in electronic devices industry, since their properties and features use were adequate and well known. In the last years many restrictions and directives were and have been designed with a view to minimize or eliminate the use of this metal in the electronic industry. Thereby, several lead-free solder alloys emerged. Among these alloys, eutectic Sn-0.7wt%Cu (TE=227°C) appears as potential candidate to replace eutectic Sn-37wt%Pb alloys, because present low cost when compared with the other lead-free solder alloys. Fatigue resistance and fluidity are quite similar compared with those obtained for the traditional Sn-Pb alloys. Small alloying additions of Ni in Sn-Cu eutectics between levels 20-1000ppm Ni can improve welding properties such as good fluidity, reliability, fine degree of wetting, ensuring suitable mechanical resistance of solder joint. Thus, the main goals of present study are investigate the influence of the Ni microadditions on solidification thermal parameters (transient interfacial heat transfer coefficient - hi), eutectic growth rate v and cooling rate - Ṫ), microstructure features (dendritic and cellular spacings, λ1 and λC) and tensile properties in directionally solidified Sn-0.7wt%Cu, Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.05wt%Ni e Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.1wt%Ni alloys under unsteady-state conditions against AISI steel carbon 1020 water-cooled bottom part. Measurements of hi coefficient showed that Ni microadditions (500 and 1000ppm of Ni) in the eutectic Sn-0.7wt%Cu affected significantly the fluidity levels. The microstructures obtained for the Sn-0,7wt%Cu-(xNi) alloys presented eutectic colonies/cells along the casting length, with dendritic regions only on first positions close to the bottom. Small Ni additions promoted increase on ultimate tensile strength (σu) and elongation (δ), with the Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.05wt%Ni alloy corresponding to the better combination of σu and δ, 36.6MPa and 12.1%, respectively.
Biotransformação do pesticida metil paration por fungos isolados da ascídia Didemnum ligulum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29)
Rodrigues, Gisele Nunes
;
Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8207347439182301
Pesticides are potentially toxic compounds to humans and other living beings, which are indispensable for pests removal in agriculture worldwide. The result of their overuse is the inevitable contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The need for degradation of these compounds has been subject of several studies. The enzymatic biodegradation of synthetic pesticides by microorganisms is an important strategy for removing these pollutants from the environment. Marine fungi are an excellent source of highly oxygenated bioactive compounds with huge potential to biotransform xenobiotics such as pesticides. Thus, the objective of this project was to study the biotransformation of the organophosphate pesticide methyl parathion using fungi of marine origin isolated from the ascidian Didemnum ligulum. Initially, 17 fungi strains have undergone screening on agar culture medium containing different pesticide concentrations (120 mg/L, 240 mg/L and 360 mg/L), and the three strains that showed the greatest growth diameter of the colony, were subjected to culture in a liquid medium to quantify the possible degradation of the methyl parathion. For these strains, the eficiency of degradation was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methyl parathion was almost completely degraded in 20 days, but there was no significant difference between the reactions with the fungi strains and the abiotic control. The microorganisms, however, showed ability to metabolize p-nitrophenol, the main degradation product of methyl parathion. In conclusion, these three marine fungi, identified as two strains of Penicillium citrinum and one strain of Fusarium proliferatum, have proven to be important sources to study xenobiotic biotransformation.
Efeitos da configuração urbana na acidentalidade envolvendo pedestres em cidades de porte médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29)
Carmo, Cássio Leandro do
;
Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0723555258294687
This work aims to analyze the urban pedestrian crashes and their correlation with the urban form in the cities of São Carlos and São José do Rio Preto. Accidents are characterized, through graphs and tables, according to the occurrence at intersections or along the streets, vehicles involved and severity of injury, day of week, time, gender and age of victims. Accidents georeferencing is done through Geographic Information System, using the software TransCAD. The urban road configuration of the cities and the correlation with the accidents are verified through the Theory of Space Syntax, determining their properties with Depthmap, a spatial analysis software. Although these cities present good levels of social development, they reflect the poor national performance in terms of road safety of pedestrians. The data evince that in recent years the number of pedestrian-crashes has at least stabilized, despite the large increase of the vehicle fleet. Regarding the configuration of the structure of urban road network and the location of accidents, the analysis according to the Space Syntax indicates that most accidents occur on roads which are more connected, with more global or local integration, and occupied by commercial or service activities. However, there are not necessarily accidents in streets or avenues with significant syntactic indexes, which demonstrates a restriction of analysis using solely the Syntax. Verification of correlation with the urban form through the Theory of Space Syntax suggests that local integration is a good parameter approach, especially in the initial planning of road safety, but still dependent on other essential variables of Traffic Engineering and Urban Planning, such as geometric characteristics of the road and land use.