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Análise da prática dos agricultores familiares na Microbacia do rio Piraporinha, Piedade-SP; usando indicadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-12) Moraes, Clodoaldo de; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1038689828713219; Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950; Paron, Marcos Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0794381559000287
This work aims to evaluate the agricultural practice and its interaction with the soil and water in the Microbacia do rio Piraporinha, Piedade-SP , important city in the backdrop of state and national agricultural production. Thus, diagnosing the consequences of this practice to the environment. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a data collection tool that guide the proposed work. This tool, in turn, is based in part on the methodologies of Diagnóstico Rural Participativo (DRP), which guided the interpretation of the territory built diagnosed. Through a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions, was interviewed twenty farmers of the territory, that farmers who represent 25% of total farmers Watershed, which are eighty farmers. Besides the diagnosis performed in the field, owned by property, we used also the method MESMIS (Marco Evaluación Systems for Natural Resources Management Incorporating indicators sustentabilidad). Therefore, here are some agroecological concepts to deal with agriculture. The work points to an agricultural practice intensive and continuous synthetic pesticides and fertilizers as well as soil conservation practices ineffective. Consequently they bring financial loss, social and environmental for the study area. In addition to the problems identified, the study shows the relevance of considering a change of attitude in the Watershed agricultural work. We conclude that the analyzed territory lacks technical guidance public without commercial interest. That contrary to conventional knowledge are matters that are not part of the daily farmer's Watershed.
Abates não inspecionados de ovinos em propriedades rurais no município de Tauá (CE): uma análise das características do ambiente institucional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-12) Souza, Juan Diego Ferelli de; Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3477261816313176
The non-inspected slaughter is a serious problem that affects the sheep-raising sector in Brazil. Estimates indicate that more than 90% of the sheep meat traded nationwide, is carried out in non-inspected places. Several are the agents of this production chain who perform the non-inspected slaughter, among whom are farmers. The aim of this study was to analyze, from the perspective of institutional environment, the reasons that lead farmers to carry out slaughter on farm, as a commercial activity, at the city of Tauá (CE), Brazil. Under this scope, comparative analyzes of the socioeconomic, technological and marketing of farmers who do not slaughter their sheep were performed, as well as with sheep-slaughterer farmers in the county. The city of Tauá was chosen as the location for this study due to its importance to sheep sector in Ceará State and the Northeastern Brazil. Using the survey research methodology, 336 sheep-raising farmers were interviewed. The following methods were used for statistical analysis: chi-squared test, Mean-testing and Fisher's exact test. The results demonstrated that 16.7% of the producers perform sheep slaughtering, while 83.3% usually trade live sheep to dealers. The theoretical referencing used was the New Institutional Economics and literature on the informal economy, from which hypotheses were developed, about possible determinants for farmers decision.. Eight determinant factors were identified and 2 distinguishing characteristics of producers who slaughter, from those who do not, in the Tauá county.
Determinação in situ de analitos de interesse alimentício empregando tratamento de imagens digitais de spot tests
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-12) Benedetti, Luzia Pires dos Santos; Fatibello Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9502756910978934
In this work a simple, fast and inexpensive analytical method was developed to carry out in situ determinations of ethanol and sulfite ions in food samples. The method was based on digital images captured by cameras and / or mobile phones, using a proper device for this purpose. Indirect colorimetry was employed, where it was measured the intensity of the light reflected by the solution, employing the RGB color model. The quantification of the analytes was performed by calibration curve method, using image processing software to obtain the numerical values for each one of the three primary colors (red (R), green (G) and blue (B)). In the first procedure, it was determined the ethanol concentration in drinks, obtaining limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.25 and 0.85 %, respectively, with a linear calibration curve in the range from 1 to 20 % v / v (r = 0.999), using the R channel due to better linearity and results in close agreement to the spectrophotometric method used as reference method, with a confidence level of 95 %. The recovery study was carried out in six commercial samples and the recovery percentage ranged between 85.0 and 106%. The sulfite ions were determined in wines, vinegars and juices samples, with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 3.3 × 10-5 mol L -1 and 1.0 × 10 -4 mol L-1, respectively, and with a linear calibration curve from 1.0 × 10-4 to 3.0 × 10-3 mol L1 (r = 0.997) using the B channel supplying a good linearity and results in close agreement to the iodometric titration method employed as reference method, at a confidence level of 95 %. The recovery percentage of sulfite in commercial samples ranged between 84.4 and 103%.