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Cerâmicas de PZT modificadas com terras raras sintetizadas usando o método dos complexos oxidantes de peróxido (OPM) e sinterizadas por micro-ondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-23)
Yamada, Liliam Kaori
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2196981696722912
The Pb(Zr0,52Ti0,48)O3 solid solution in morphotropic phase and its modified (RExPb1-x)(Zr0,52Ti0,48O3) with RE = La, Pr or Nd and x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.38 and 0.45 were satisfctorily prepared by oxidant peroxo method (OPM), in which the solid solutions of Pr- and Nd-PZT were first synthesized by this technique. The PZT medication with RE caused the loss of tetragonal character and decreased stiffness of Zr / TiO6 octahedra with the meeting of ceramic saturation in 10 % to Pr and 20 % to La and Nd. The optimization of calcination condition of PZT powders at 600 °C / 0.5 h caused to be impurity free in its structure. Futhermore, showed grains less coalesced with size more homogeneous with little necks formation in relation to other thermal conditions performed. On the other hand, the RE-PZT powders cacined in the same condition showed impurities in its structure which was not ideal for complete crystallization of the powder. The ceramic bodies, prepared from these powders calcined at 600 °C / 0.5 h with sintering in microwave oven at three different conditions: 900 °C / 2 h, 1000 °C / 0.5 h and 1000 °C / 2 h, showed relative density values over 98 % for pure PZT and below 96 % for RE-PZT without change in value between the different sintering conditions performed.
Variaçãos sazonal e migração vertical da comunidade zooplanctônica (exceto Rotifera) do reservatório de Itupararanga, Votorantim, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-24)
Giron, Aline Karen Santana
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Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
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Magrin, Albano Geraldo Emílio
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MAGRIN, A. G. E.
The present study aimed to analyse the Itupararanga reservoir zooplankton community in relation to diel and seasonal variation and vertical migration of the organisms in the water column and verify if there are patterns of variation. For this two samples were performed in the reservoir in 2011: in February, rainy period and in july, dry period. The collections were performed in diel cycle (every four hours), in three different layers of the water column (surface, middle and bottom) and in two environments of the reservoir (dam and central body). Stratification in the water column was observed for both environments and both periods. 25 species of the mesozooplankton were identified. Chaoborus larvae were more abundant in February in relation to july and the opposite was observed for cladocerans and copepods. Among the copepods, dominance of juvenile stages (nauplii and copepodites) was observed in both environments and periods. Among the adults of copepods the specie more abundant was Notodiaptomus deitersi (1.298 org.m3) and among the cladocerans was Bosmina freyi (32.282 org.m3). The peak of the total density of the zooplankton community occurred during the dry period in the dam environment with 81.211 org.m3. Chaoborus exercised predation pressure on microcrustaceans during the rainy period. During the dry period, in the absence of Chaoborus in the water column, cladocerans and copepods were more ecologically successful. For all of the groups was observed the usual pattern of vertical migration; reverse migration was not observed. Despite predation pressure, the microcrustaceans not altered their vertical distribution for decrease special overlap with Chaoborus. For all of the groups the migration pattern adopted seems a result of escape from predators and search for good food resources.
Caracterização estrutural e funcional de uma xiloglucanase de Xanthomonas campestris
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-25)
Araújo, Evandro Ares de
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Polikarpov, Igor
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9669532724764871
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2779616651062488
Xyloglucanases (Xghs) are important enzymes involved in xyloglucan modification and degradation. Xanthomonas campestris (Xcc) is a phytopathogenic bacterium which produces a large number of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), but has only one family 74 GH (Xcc-Xgh). A Xcc-Xgh xyloglucan-specific endo-β-1,4-glucanase from family GH74 has been cloned from the Xanthomonas campestris by expression cloning in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified by resin another Ni-NTA column and gel permeation chromatography. The recombinant Xcc-Xgh is stable at pH of 5.3 and temperature below 40°C; the specific activity this enzyme were determined such as 9.31U/mg protein. This enzyme was purified and crystallized. Diffraction datasets were collected for native enzyme and its two complexs with glucose at maximum resolution of 2.0, 2.1 and 2.7 Å, respectively. Data were indexed in the hexagonal crystalline system with unit-cell parameters a=b=153.4 and c=84.9 Å. Data scaling indicated that crystals belong to either space group P61 or its enantiomorph P65. Translation search in molecular replacement calculations solved the space group ambiguity (P61) and the structure refinement is currently in progress. That elucidation of the three-dimensional structure by SAXS and Crystallography of this enzyme will increase our understanding of structure function relationships of the GH74 family members and might provide new structural insights about xyloglucanases mode of action on xyloglucan polysaccharides.
Modelagem e simulação em plantas de etanol: uma abordagem técnico-econômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-26)
Tonon Filho, Renato José
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1304975895210691
The ethanol (fuel grade and anhydrous) is, fundamentally, the most relevant global biofuel nowadays, in energy, environmental, economic and technological terms. This scenario brings up the Brazilian ethanol, made from sugarcane, a very studied topic. Thus, knowing the process of ethanol production from sugarcane in technical terms shows itself as a relevant fact, since it can contribute to the increase of production plants profits. Notoriously, the acquaintance and analysis of some project s economic viability can greatly optimize the intended returns, while it can be taken as tool for decision making. Therefore, the present work aimed, in the technical side, the improvement of the computational model (developed with EMSO software) capable of simulating ethanol plants (first and second generations 1G and 2G, respectively) by the input of realistic data, obtained from actual operating ethanol plants. In the economic aspect, the simulations production data were used to feed the economic viability analysis, using the IRR (internal return rate) and NPV (net present value) concepts. Thereby, three cases were considered: 1) plant producing 1G ethanol and electric energy surplus (plant A); 2) plant producing 1G and 2G ethanol, no electric energy surplus (plant B) and 3) plant producing 1G ethanol and: either 2G ethanol or electric energy surplus (plant C). One obtained the following: IRRA = 7.6% and NPVA = - USD 34,5M; IRRB = 8,3% and NPVB = - USD 30,0M; IRRC = 8,0% and NPVC = - USD 41,8M. So, from that, one concludes that the methodology, the software and the biorefinery model were useful and adequate for the projected analysis. In comparison with the minimum acceptable rate of return (MARR, 11% in this case), none of the scenarios were acceptable (IRRs < MARR), which is ratified by the negative NPVs (all). None of the simulated plants were considered economic viable, being plant B the most attractive among the three cases, under the given conditions and assumptions.
Dinâmica da paisagem da Zona de Amortecimento do Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira como subsídio para a revisão do plano de manejo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-26)
Moraes, Mayra Cristina Prado de
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Toppa, Rogério Hartung
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1246771709401210
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Sansolo, Davis Gruber
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/9763222402206421
The replacement of natural habitats by cultures promotes the remaining forest s fragments reduction, they become small, highly disturbed and isolated. The Buffer Zones (BZ) were created on the Conservation Units (CU) surroundings to lessen the adverse impacts exerted by the external environment to them. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the dynamic of the land use change in its anthropic and natural contexts, during the 1971, 1988 and 2008 years; determine the conflicts presents on the Riparian Forest (RF) and understand the processes that occurred in the Buffer Zone of the State Park of Porto Ferreira (SPPF). We conducted a mapping of the study area on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) platform, defining the classes of land s use and occupation. With the aid of landscape metrics (PROX, SHAPE, NNDist, Area, Core Area) was possible to evaluate the fragments in all years of the study. According to the results of the class use, sugarcane was the one that stood out, with a growth of 38.75 % increase over the years, with the largest increase (27.55 %) for the period 1971 -1988. Analyzing the entire period studied, the forested areas, had a reduction of 4.34% in the landscape, which corresponds to 259.7 ha, the fragments became less frequent in the landscape and generally associated with watercourses. For the metric connectivity, there was a tendency to slightly over 50 % of the fragments in the three years studied are not connected with any other. To SHAPE was not observed fragments with rounded shapes for any year, the core area found to forest fragments had 764.83 ha to 1971; 361.75 ha to 1988 ha and 428,21 for the 2008 year . The RF totaled 386 ha, with 39 % natural vegetation present. For the legal scenario, if all the PPA were preserved there would be an increase of 239 ha of natural vegetation. It was found that the dynamics of the use and occupation of the SPPF s BF was governed by economic cycles, and currently it has a matrix with predominance of sugarcane monoculture. The low percentage of natural vegetation, isolation of fragments and lack of greetings legislation with respect to RF in the BZ, are probably contributing to the degradation of the park. It is necessary to propose measures to ensure the sustainability of the landscape.
Parâmetros térmicos de solidificação, microestrutura e resistência mecânica de ligas eutéticas Sn-0,7%Cu-(xNi)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29)
Silva, Bismarck Luiz
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Spinelli, José Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4377238190630005
Sn-Pb traditional solder alloys were overly utilize in electronic devices industry, since their properties and features use were adequate and well known. In the last years many restrictions and directives were and have been designed with a view to minimize or eliminate the use of this metal in the electronic industry. Thereby, several lead-free solder alloys emerged. Among these alloys, eutectic Sn-0.7wt%Cu (TE=227°C) appears as potential candidate to replace eutectic Sn-37wt%Pb alloys, because present low cost when compared with the other lead-free solder alloys. Fatigue resistance and fluidity are quite similar compared with those obtained for the traditional Sn-Pb alloys. Small alloying additions of Ni in Sn-Cu eutectics between levels 20-1000ppm Ni can improve welding properties such as good fluidity, reliability, fine degree of wetting, ensuring suitable mechanical resistance of solder joint. Thus, the main goals of present study are investigate the influence of the Ni microadditions on solidification thermal parameters (transient interfacial heat transfer coefficient - hi), eutectic growth rate v and cooling rate - Ṫ), microstructure features (dendritic and cellular spacings, λ1 and λC) and tensile properties in directionally solidified Sn-0.7wt%Cu, Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.05wt%Ni e Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.1wt%Ni alloys under unsteady-state conditions against AISI steel carbon 1020 water-cooled bottom part. Measurements of hi coefficient showed that Ni microadditions (500 and 1000ppm of Ni) in the eutectic Sn-0.7wt%Cu affected significantly the fluidity levels. The microstructures obtained for the Sn-0,7wt%Cu-(xNi) alloys presented eutectic colonies/cells along the casting length, with dendritic regions only on first positions close to the bottom. Small Ni additions promoted increase on ultimate tensile strength (σu) and elongation (δ), with the Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.05wt%Ni alloy corresponding to the better combination of σu and δ, 36.6MPa and 12.1%, respectively.
Biotransformação do pesticida metil paration por fungos isolados da ascídia Didemnum ligulum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29)
Rodrigues, Gisele Nunes
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8207347439182301
Pesticides are potentially toxic compounds to humans and other living beings, which are indispensable for pests removal in agriculture worldwide. The result of their overuse is the inevitable contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The need for degradation of these compounds has been subject of several studies. The enzymatic biodegradation of synthetic pesticides by microorganisms is an important strategy for removing these pollutants from the environment. Marine fungi are an excellent source of highly oxygenated bioactive compounds with huge potential to biotransform xenobiotics such as pesticides. Thus, the objective of this project was to study the biotransformation of the organophosphate pesticide methyl parathion using fungi of marine origin isolated from the ascidian Didemnum ligulum. Initially, 17 fungi strains have undergone screening on agar culture medium containing different pesticide concentrations (120 mg/L, 240 mg/L and 360 mg/L), and the three strains that showed the greatest growth diameter of the colony, were subjected to culture in a liquid medium to quantify the possible degradation of the methyl parathion. For these strains, the eficiency of degradation was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methyl parathion was almost completely degraded in 20 days, but there was no significant difference between the reactions with the fungi strains and the abiotic control. The microorganisms, however, showed ability to metabolize p-nitrophenol, the main degradation product of methyl parathion. In conclusion, these three marine fungi, identified as two strains of Penicillium citrinum and one strain of Fusarium proliferatum, have proven to be important sources to study xenobiotic biotransformation.
Efeitos da configuração urbana na acidentalidade envolvendo pedestres em cidades de porte médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29)
Carmo, Cássio Leandro do
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0723555258294687
This work aims to analyze the urban pedestrian crashes and their correlation with the urban form in the cities of São Carlos and São José do Rio Preto. Accidents are characterized, through graphs and tables, according to the occurrence at intersections or along the streets, vehicles involved and severity of injury, day of week, time, gender and age of victims. Accidents georeferencing is done through Geographic Information System, using the software TransCAD. The urban road configuration of the cities and the correlation with the accidents are verified through the Theory of Space Syntax, determining their properties with Depthmap, a spatial analysis software. Although these cities present good levels of social development, they reflect the poor national performance in terms of road safety of pedestrians. The data evince that in recent years the number of pedestrian-crashes has at least stabilized, despite the large increase of the vehicle fleet. Regarding the configuration of the structure of urban road network and the location of accidents, the analysis according to the Space Syntax indicates that most accidents occur on roads which are more connected, with more global or local integration, and occupied by commercial or service activities. However, there are not necessarily accidents in streets or avenues with significant syntactic indexes, which demonstrates a restriction of analysis using solely the Syntax. Verification of correlation with the urban form through the Theory of Space Syntax suggests that local integration is a good parameter approach, especially in the initial planning of road safety, but still dependent on other essential variables of Traffic Engineering and Urban Planning, such as geometric characteristics of the road and land use.
Caminhos para o poder: a seleção de candidatos a Deputado Federal nas eleições de 2010
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29)
Bolognesi, Bruno
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5103554000522280
The main purpose in this thesis is to analyse the candidate selection process for Federal Deputy in Brazil in the 2010 elections within four parties: DEM, PMDB, PSDB e PT. Heretofore, the study of candidate selection in our country have privileged the formal dimension of selection, like party´s statutes analysis or regional dinamics. In the other hand, except for some exceptions, the conclusions pointed out the impact of brazilian institutional design in candidate selection, undervaluing parties as autonomus units in the process. Therefore, from data about candidacy gathered at the Electoral Supreme Court and a survey applied to one hundred and twenty candidates, we tried to sketch the candidate selection process at the intra-party arena. The conclusions suggests that political parties are capable in divert from institucional incentives and choose candidates by different methods regarding the strenght and direction of the institutionalization. Hence, the different methods bring relevant consequences for the candidates profiles as well for the parties themselves.
Vender e educar com produtos sustentáveis ambientalmente: o caso dos consultores Natura em Sorocaba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-30)
Hernandez, Andrea Cattaneo
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Rabinovici, Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506171831521594
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8076230265159093
The consumption has always been necessary for human survival. However in the XXI century it became the center of discussions about the environmental crisis. The act of consuming became the life purpose for many individuals, and the reason for overexploitation and environmental degradation. The changing of consumption patterns emerges as a possible solution through consumer awareness about the impact of their actions, which depends on reformulation of many concepts and values from an engaged environmental education, mainly in changing consumer profile and the means of production. With consumers more aware, the business sector will adopt more responsible standards in order to survive to the most rigorous market and avoid a future shortage. The Natura Cosmetics SA, for example, is considered as a company with sustainable profile, which has social and environmental concerns in their production processes, as well as programs and projects. The company's stance, therefore, can serve as an example to society and be a precursor of changes related to individual`s environmental attitudes. The company’s marketing method is realized through direct sales, which allows a closer relationship between seller and consumer, and therefore a possibility of environmental education. If the company`s consultants consider and follow the values of the company in their daily attitudes and professionals, the dissemination of ideas about conscious consumption and consequently a brand valuation will take place. The present work is a study about the influence of corporate values and practices adopted by the company Natura Cosmetics S.A. in daily life of a group of consultants. This work is characterized by a case study, through observation of consultants meetings, interviews and document analysis, whit the aim assessing whether the environmental actions adopted by the company reach, in fact, its consultants both in daily life as in their sales, discussing the educational potential that the company has and the opportunities which it offers. From the results obtained it is clear that interviewees encourage consumption under the pretext of preserving and enhancing domestic products of the company , that is, potential environmental education for the enhancement of the brand in the market is probably not addressed efficiently. Are required, therefore, different strategies of environmental education, consistent with the attitudes of selling and educating.
Dispositivo de ajuda perceptiva na atividade de inspeção visual para detecção de plantas cítricas com Huanglongbing (HLB, Greening)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-30)
Arantes, Luiz Otávio dos Santos
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4909993050044363
This research aimed to develop a perceptual assistant device for citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) Greening´s scouts, which are workers responsible for symptomatic diseased plants identification by visual inspections on field. The methodology used has as starting point the Ergonomics Work Analysis (EWA) of HLB´s scouts, proceeded by Gonçalves (2011). The inspection´ EWA is articulated with Engineering Project methods for device development from the Activity standpoint. From EWA problem structuring, the device concept was defined as a lens which provides perceptual aid to HLB scouts by color contrast enhancement of mottling leaves, facilitating yellow bunch identification during visual inspection, but without any restriction to additional symptoms identification. Based on efficiency and productivity perspective, confronted against health and wellbeing perspective, it was used a method of data acquisition for quantitative analysis by statistical analysis of variance, related to inspection activity efficiency, and qualitative analysis, by semi-structured interviews related to user perception about wearing the perceptual assistant device. Results show that, in one hand, wearing the device helps to relief some cognitive constraints related to inspection activity, such as lightness, sun light reflection, shadows over the leaves, sun light direction variation, and also enhances symptomatic mottled leaves visualization. On the other hand, related to inspection efficiency, wearing the device does not resulted in higher or lower HLB identification on field. Therefore, the perceptual assistant device utilization for health improvement in the workplace and how is done mobilization and coordination between different social actors around the device development and evaluation, stays in this research as a reference about a way to create innovation.
Turismo, sustentabilidade e a gênese de um "ecoturismo": uma análise dos trabalhos do EcoUc/CONECOTUR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-30)
Faco, Regiane Avena
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Marques, Sílvio César Moral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6047434055828372
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2475332263675294
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Allis, Thiago
This documentary paper, exploratory-descriptive, aims to develop an analysis of scientific research on tourism through the annals presented in editions of the National Congress of Ecotourism and the Interdisciplinary Meeting on Ecotourism in Protected Areas (Conecotur / EcoUc) occurred until 2011. For this purpose, are disclosed some aspects of the research as origin of research, axles and themes according to the platform proposal by. Jafari (1989) through the work of Rejowski (1996).The discussion starts with a reflection about the terminologies tourism originated with the emergence of concepts such as sustainable development and then build a brief critique of the conventional models of tourism to understand how ecotourism is an alternative to these standards. In a second moment, the debate is about the beginning and evolution of tourism research and the importance of the emergence of academic meetings for the promotion of the area. Finally, it presents Conecotur / EcoUc and how this has developed as an area of scientific debate, allowing the enrichment of research and experience in tourism (as a practice) and academia (as reflection).
Influência da deposição de filmes finos organosilicones na fotodegradação do polipropileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-31)
Mena, Rodrigo Lemes
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
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Mancini, Sandro Donnini
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/5091149098462301
It is known that polypropylene is degraded in the presence of UV radiation, making difficult its use in applications where occurs this kind of radiation. This situation arises a need to improve the properties of polypropylene under photodegradation. Some work was done in order to improve the surface properties of the polypropylene film with deposition of organosilicon, but the photoprotection caused by these films is still poorly studied. The purpose of this study was to deposit a film prepared from organosilicon plasmas of HMDSO (Hexamethyldisiloxane) on the surface of polypropylene films and verify the protection provided against photodegradation. Depending on the plasma deposition conditions, we detected a variation in the protection exerted by the deposited film. Among the tests, the chemical vapor deposition on low pressure plasma by radio frequency of 13.56 MHz using a mixture of gases with pressure O2/HMDSO added 6 Pa and a power of 80 W for a period of 1 h showed the best protection results, measured by comparing the evolution of the area in the region with the carbonyl peak at 1722 cm-1. FEG-SEM analysis showed that the film generated have adhesion to the substrate. Profilometry analyzes demonstrated that increasing the deposition time increases the film thickness and decreases its surface roughness.
Avanços e desafios ambientais da Educação Ambiental brasileira entre a Rio 92 e a Rio+20
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-31)
Otero, Patrícia Bastos Godoy
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Neiman, Zysman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6435341856481082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028451153276262
;
Rabinovici, Andrea
The thesis discusses the progress and challenges in the field of environmental education (EE) in Brazil, in the period between the two world conferences on Environment and Development organized by the United Nations (UN) and performed in Brazil, the Rio-92 and Rio +20, which happened in 1992 and 2012 respectively. The main objective was to analyze the evolution of the Brazilian Environmental Education in the period between the two great conferences, from the systematization of information of official documents, reports published by the media about the two events and interviews with environmental leaders, politicians and technicians who were in the events and are prominent actors in the field of Environmental Education of Brazil. Since 1992 there has been the emergence and consolidation of various social practices and public policies that favored the development of environmental education in Brazil. Environmental education has influenced the thought and life of Brazilians.
Validação do Questionnaire on Resources and Stress - Short Form (QRS-F)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-31)
Zanfelici, Tatiane Oliveira
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Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0269442842332108
Family members of people with disabilities may be exposed to various stressors, among them the disability itself, becoming potential targets of stress. In this context, several models have been designed for the study of stress, among which highlights the Cognitive Assessment and the ABC-X, which comprise the coping strategies as a way to mediate the perception of stressors. Researches conducted with several family members have pointed out that the constant stress can lead to more roughness family relationships, and fewer opportunities for stimulation of child development, which contribute to enhance family relationships with any child, including those with disabilities. For the evaluation of the parental stress variable, studies show the use of different instruments, including the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress - QRS-F which stand out for being directed especially to families of children with disabilities and chronic illnesses. Given the above, this study proposed two objectives: 1) the cross-cultural adaptation of the QRS-F, since the translations available in Brazil do not have this treatment, or definitely modified the structure of the questionnaire, 2) a study of the evidence of psychometric validity of the instrument . The first study involved five independent translators, five professionals on the thematic area of the instrument and seven relatives of people with autism. The questionnaire underwent procedures of translation and retranslation, as well translations adjustments, resulting in altered or partially altered. The evaluation of the expert committee regarding the relevance of the questions in the conceptual levels, language and experimental indicated substantial kappa at all levels of assessment, indicating that the translation was adequate for the pilot application. The second study involved 57 mothers, fathers, grandparents and sister of children with and without various disabilities. Their analyzes showed significant correlations with the measure of stress obtained by Symptom Inventory Lipp Stress and the instrument that assessed coping resources, the Coping Strategies Inventory, indicating associations with the dimensions of the QRS-F Parental Problems, Pessimism and Physical Incapacity . The reliability coefficient obtained by the proof of Kuder-Richardson pointed a ratio considered adequate (KR-20 = .64). The test criterion validity indicated higher scores related to the dimension of the QRS-F called Pessimism, when compared groups of respondents relatives of people with and without various disabilities. It was considered that this version of the QRS-F, now called Questionnaire of Resources and Stressors, possesses the attributes necessary to be considered a valid tool in research in the area of parental stress in Brazil. It is suggested to do a further study, covering a broader sample of respondents, which allow the realization of more sophisticated analyzes, but indispensable for the consolidation of this instrument.
Aprimorando o desempenho de algoritmos de roteamento em VANETs utilizando classificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-31)
Costa, Lourdes Patrícia Portugal Poma
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Marcondes, César Augusto Cavalheiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4431183539132719
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9158996149202223
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are networks capable of establishing communications between vehicles and road-side units. VANETs could be employed in data transmission applications. However, due to vehicle mobility, VANETs present intermittent connectivity, making message transmission a challenging task. Due to the lack of an end-to-end connectivity, messages are forwarded from vehicle to vehicle and stored when it is not possible to retransmit. Additionally, in order to improve delivery probability, messages are replicated and disseminated over the network. However, message replication may cause high network overhead and resource usage. As result, considerable research e_ort has been devoted to develop algorithms for speci_c scenarios: low, moderate and high connectivity. Nevertheless, algorithms projected for scenarios with a speci_c connectivity lack the ability to adapt to situations with zones presenting diferent node density. This lack of adaptation may negatively a_ect the performance in application such as data transmission in cities. This masters project proposes develops a method to automatically adapt message replication routing algorithms to diferent node density scenarios. The proposed method is composed of three phases. The first phase collects data from message retransmission events using a standard routing algorithms. The second phase consists in training a decision tree classifier based on the collected data. Finally, in the third phase the trained classifier is used to determine whether a message should be retransmitted or not based on the local node density. Therefore, the proposed method allows routing algorithms to query the trained classifier to decide if a message should be retransmitted. The proposed method was evaluated with real movement traces in order to improve Spray and Wait and Epidemic routing algorithms. Results indicate that the proposed method may contribute to performance enhancement.
Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas de Nb2O5 e estudo de suas propriedades fotocatalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-01)
Lopes, Osmando Ferreira
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9493281509128559
In this study, the use of niobium oxide nanoparticles (Nb2O5) prepared through the OPM method as photocatalysts for the degradation of pollutants was investigated, describing the dependence on hydrothermal parameters (temperature and time) in aspects such as morphology, structure, electronic properties, and how these factors influence the photocatalytic activity. The catalytic activity of the samples was probed by evaluating the photodegradation under UV and visible irradiation of a dye (Rhodamine B, Rod.B) and a pesticide, Atrazine. An indirect measurement of the hydroxil radicals produced in the catalyst s surface was done by fluorescence spectroscopy, in order to evaluate the importance of this mechanism in the degradation process. The results showed that the Nb2O5 nanoparticles prepared by the OPM method are promising for the catalysis of photoactivated reactions. Surface hydroxylation and crystallinity were shown as the most important parameters involved in the activity per area of the nanoparticles, where the surface hydroxylation was more influent in the samples obtained in low temperature, whereas crystallinity was the key parameter for the obtained in higher temperatures. Under ultraviolet irradiation, the main photodegradation mechanism was governed by the . OH radical generation and attack. On the other hand, the dye-sensitization mechanism was shown as the main path for the degradation of Rod.B under visible irradiation.
Transparência eletromagneticamente induzida em diferentes sistemas físicos e seu análogo em osciladores acoplados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-01)
Cabral, Luís Antônio
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2629141307724947
The simultaneously incidence of two light beams on one or more atoms causes destructive interference of these beams in atomic states causing cancellation of the absorption of one of the incident beams and this phenomenon is called Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). The main objective of this work is to show that the Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, which is usually studied in the quantum context, can be modeled classically as a function of coupled harmonic oscillators subject to an external force and dissipation. To will establish the classical equivalence, it will be presented the theory of the EIT in diferent quantum systems and also the theory of classic harmonic oscillators. Analogies will be performed comparing the classical and quantum equations of motion obtained for each scheme. For this, we perform the equivalence of EIT in quantum systems as atoms in three levels in Λ configuration, two-level atoms plus a cavity mode and the cavity optomechanics with the classical system of two coupled harmonics oscillator forced and damped. We also analyze the equivalence of two diferent quantum systems: three level atoms plus one cavity mode and four levels atoms in free space with a classical system composed by three coupled harmonic oscilators, forced and damped, in diferent configurations.
Influência das águas amazônicas no compromisso osmorrespiratório em osteoglossiformes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-01)
Ramos, Cleverson Agner
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9306613290256886
In the Amazon basin, the Osteoglossiforme order is represented by the species Osteoglossum ferreirai, O. bicirrhosum and Arapaima gigas. Although belonging to the same order, these species show different modes of breathing; while Osteoglossum ssp. is an obligatory water breather, A. gigas shows a gill remodeling during its development, which causes changes in the osmorespiratory compromise with implications for the gill functions which turns more related to the ion exchanges. The rivers of the Amazon basin have different physicochemical features. While the white water rivers (WW) are slightly alkaline and its waters are considered "soft", black water rivers (BW) are practically distilled" having an acidic pH. Such different characteristics between these waters leads to hypothesize that black water rivers can act as an hydrographic barrier, containing the spread of some species. This can be observed in the distribution of some amazonian fish since there are several species unique from black waters while other species are distributed in white and black waters as others only in white waters. In Osteoglossiformes, data from literature suggest O. bicirrhosum as a fish from white water, while A. gigas can be found in black water rivers as white water lakes. This study tested the hydrographic barrier hypothesis exposing the animals in the Amazonian waters and observing responses of ionic fluxes, proliferation of mitochondria rich cells (MRCs), responsible for regulating ion, the presence of mucous cells (MCs) and changes in morphology functional gills.In A. gigas 2000 g there is a fast recovery from ion losses so probably there is no influence of the hydrographic barrier for this specie. Comparing A. gigas and O. bicirrhosum, these fishes are able to ion regulation iin white water environments, mostly by the ion uptake showed in 3 hours. Data from immunohistochemistry for NKA enzyme of MRCs and morphometric data (CRMsFA and density) of these cell indicates that A. gigas 2000g have the gill functions related to ion regulation. About the ion regulation pattern and functional morphology there are similarities between O. bicirrhosum and 200g A. gigas however O. bicirrhosum did not showed the same potential to recovery ion losses as A. gigas.
Estudos qualitativos das transformações termodinâmicas ocorridas durante o processo pirometalúrgico de recuperação de Pb a partir de PbSO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-01)
Santin, Betânia de Oliveira
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D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0036756630569466
This study was carried out in order to gain a qualitative understanding of one of the fundamental processes of pyrometallurgical recovery of Pbfrom the inorganic scraps of lead-acid batteries by the reduction of PbSO4to lead and connected reactions. Within a program of experiments concerning solid-solid reactions and, at high temperatures, solid-liquid or, at times, reactions involving gases, the work described here was an initial qualitative attempt to reveal the possible reaction mechanisms of the reduction of PbSO4 to Pb and the related reactions that can occur taking into account the composition of the lead-acid battery inorganic scraps (Pb and its possible alloys, PbO2, PbO e PbSO4). Since the pyrometallurgical processes includes the addition of C, Fe in filings and, in some cases, powered Na2CO3, the study was centered on the various possible reactions between these components and those of the scraps, with an emphasis on the PbSO4component. For this purpose, the various pure products then binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures were successively studied, to obtain information by comparing the results. The techniques used were thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) in the range 200o C to 1200 o C (this last temperature is the highest attained in industrial pyrometallurgicall process). The results showed several undescribed phenomena. The PbO can evaporate at higher temperatures. The presence of C facilitates the lowering of the PbSO4 thermal decomposition temperature. It also diminishes considerably the rate of PbO evaporating by favoring decomposition of PbO to Pb as has been previously suggested in the literature, but until now without experimental confirmation. Finally, the results do not permit a definite conclusion about the roles of Fe or Na2CO3. This is may be because in this study it was not to perform sufficient analytical identification measurements. Nevertheless, from the results, it is clear that the Fe is oxidized to an oxide iron at low temperatures (near 400o C) and it is this oxide which participates in the reactions at higher temperatures. On the other hand, the Na2CO3 is melted and immediately decomposed at about 800- 850o C. Thus, it will be in this conclusion when it takes put in the process.