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Cinema e memória da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil: uma análise dos filmes Pra frente Brasil (1982) e Ação entre amigos (1998)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-28)
Novais, Adriana Rodrigues
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Pellegrini, Tânia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280434883580627
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7884025499313106
The present research focuses on the question of memory and representation of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship through the analysis of two films, Pra Frente Brasil (1982) [Go further Brazil] and Ação Entre Amigos [Action between friends] (1998), which explore this period of national history. Our goal was to understand the contributions and limits of these two pieces of cinematographic work as bearers of civil military dictatorship memories. So, we examine how the civil-military dictatorship comes to the scene in the mentioned pictures, relating them to their own production context. We take as presupposition the fact that films are bearers of meanings that allow us to understand the relation between human beings and their historical time. For that we take as our own the Pilar Calveiros s conception of memory and, trying to comprehend the relation between cinema, memory and society, we found our theory on Walter Benjamin s theoretical and methodological referential, as on his conception of History. This author proposes, by the way, that we may think on the cinema s political function. To investigate the relation between art work and society we use Tania Pelegrini s concept of refraction and the Pierre Sorlin s conception of representation. At last, we found on the trauma and resentment concepts, willing to comprehend how cinema represents the relation between the dictatorial past with the present.
Futebol: a geometria analítica no campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-28)
Pereira, Ana Paula Lorenço
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Bertoncello, Luciene Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028970771846775
This paper presents a practical math approach to everyday math student through the measures used in the football field do teach analytical geometry to students from public high schools. The activities were developed in E. E. Nelson Fernandes, in the city of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, where the autor of the study has taught for 20 years and it was found that there is a mechanization of using standard formulas and still lack connection between this issue and the reality of the student. Football is a very common issue on a daily basis for most of the students of this school, and also a joke among some students and teachers, so a theme motivating learning any math related to it, such as distance between two players positioned on the field, equation of the when a player passes the ball to another, or when kicks the goal, what exactly are the basic issues of analytic geometry of the 3rd grade of high school. The work was done through a football field in reduced size using toy players without necessarily knowing the rules of the game, the idea is that students can visualize distances and even measure to check them. Through a sequence os activities, starting from the concept of distance between two points, gradually lead the student to understand the basic concepts of analytic geometry. One of the main results and related to this project was the participatory learning of students in building their knowledge through experimentation and visualization of concrete linked to the intellectual. The material reached this goal. This work has brought to this author a great professional development since the choice of the theme, its application in the classroom and finally the reflection of everything that has been done and what is recorded in this dissertation.
Situações-problemas aplicadas na aprendizagem de equações e sistemas de equações do primeiro grau com duas variáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-28)
Tolentino, Gilmar
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Bertoncello, Luciene Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028970771846775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3943368758554969
The development of this work aims to aims to show the importance of the application of problem situations for the learning of equations and systems of first degree equations with two variables by students of the 8th grade level in paper and pencil environment and observation of two-pan balance. The proposal is to show the application of solving problem which involves first-degree equations with one unknown and systems of first-degree equation with two unknowns, in order to encourage the students to think, state the solution of the problem, try to overcome the learning difficulties, facing challenges which requires a great effort and dedication and find out by themselves the best strategy which must be used in order to solve the problem and, after this, compare and present the algorithms defined for the solution of these concepts. It is also presented the solution of these problems using the twopan balance method, the addition and substitution method, as well as the method of solving equations and equation systems with two unknowns.
Desenvolvimento de nanocompósitos de polianilina/TiO2 e compósitos de polianilina/NaAlH4 para armazenamento de hidrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-28)
Moreira, Bruna Rodrigues
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Pessan, Luiz Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9960753066591116
Hydrogen is considered a clean and versatile energy vector that can be used for many applications, having water as the major product of combustion, it a great potential to be an alternative to fossil fuels. However, the challenge for the establishment of hydrogen technology to be used widely and safely is hydrogen storage. In this work, it was studied the preparation of composites and nanocomposites using the polyaniline (Pani) as polymer matrix in order to obtain a new material for hydrogen storage. In situ Pani/Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites with 10 or 30 wt% of TiO2 were prepared using two dopants: hydrochloric acid and docecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). Both polyaniline and TiO2 were synthesized. Pani/sodium alanate (NaAlH4) composites with 30 or 50wt% of NaAlH4 were prepared from dispersions in toluene. These composites were also doped with 2 mole% of TiO2 in order to decrease the sorption temperature of hydrogen. Two drying processes were studied: Spray Drying process and filtration followed by drying in a vacuum oven. Morphological characterization of the composites and nanocomposites showed a good dispersion of the filler in the polymeric matrix, in addition, microspheres of NaAlH4 encapsulated by Pani were obtained using the spray dryer process. Hydrogen sorption analyses were carried out for pure Pani-DBSA and for the composites with 50wt% of sodium alanate and 2 mole% of TiO2 obtained for the two different drying processes. From these analyses, the composites showed sorption of 0.60% H2, higher than that obtained for the pure polymer (0.42%). These results show evidence that the proposed composites may be used for hydrogen storage.
A filosofia da educação de Luís Antônio Verney: entre o iluminismo e uma nova escolástica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-28)
Buonadio Neto, Vicente
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Tagliavini, João Virgílio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4353781144213842
Monographic study, historical interpretation in the area of philosophy of education. In True Method of Studying, Luis Antonio Verney openly criticizes the education provided by the Jesuits, blaming them for all cultural and educational backwardness of the Kingdom. Grounded in modern philosophy, Verney, proposes a reform at all levels of educational Portugal - primary, secondary and higher education - formulating a new ideology of education for the state. Based on empiricism, which started from the observation and experience, contrasted to the formal logic of the deductive method of the scholastics, foundation of Ratio Studiorum of the Jesuits. His criticisms and proposals influenced the creation of the first secular educational system in Portugal, after the expulsion of the Jesuits in the reforms of Pombal. While that seems to have disrupted with the scholastic model by proposing empiricism, his enlightenment was conservative, not revolutionary, Catholic, because he always defended the maintenance of (the) faith , fidelity to the Church, conciliation between faith and reason , which are the foundations of scholasticism. In this work, the following questions are raised: What were the main characteristics of the Enlightenment of Portuguese pedagogy? Did Verney disrupt scholasticism? Or just added some ideas of modern philosophy, maintaining the essence of that current of thought? This work seeks to understand how the creation of Portuguese public education occurred, and thus better understand, too, the Brazilian education. Bibliographical monography based upon the historical-critical methodology. We conclude that Verney disrupted scholasticism partially, by proposing a new method based on empiricism of Locke and blaming the Jesuit educational model for the delay of the kingdom, but at the same time kept as Portuguese priest the ideology of the Catholic faith, and, because of that he created a new Portuguese scholastic. He brought major contributions to the educational reform in the kingdom such as the appreciation of the Portuguese to the Latin, the secularization of the educational system, the education of women, literacy for all subjects, the creation of a new academic education based on the appreciation of the experience, among others.
Classificação do comportamento verbal e aquisição de discriminações condicionais por bebês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-28)
Aguiar, Graziele Thomasinho de
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5474561962677267
Arbitrary stimuli can be related through conditional discrimination, via procedure Matching-tosample. The procedure can also establish equivalent relations emerge when relations were not directly taught. Such relationships must share three properties: reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity. Authors propose that success in establishing stimulus classes stems from the possibility of appointment by the participant. Among the possibilities to define "name", two stand out in this work: as Tact, towards an object in the environment the person issues an oral word; or as a higher order behavioral relation and bidirectional combining conventional functions of speech and listener. Taking into account the studies presented by both proposals, there appears to be evidence to prove that the appointment is necessary for the establishment of equivalence classes. Therefore, it is important to study participants who have incipient verbal repertoire to test the relationships of verbal behavior in the establishment of conditional discriminations and arbitrary stimulus classes. This study aims to determine the relationship between the verbal repertoire and the acquisition of conditional discriminations in babies up to 30 months old. This was done / assessments will be carried language development of participants through the Denver II and Operational Portage Inventory. Five teaching conditional discrimination procedures and tests of naming and equivalence were conducted with thirteen participants from 13 to 28 months. The verbal repertoire of these participants were classified according to the Skinner s taxonomy, and were also recorded behaviors listener and follow rules during teaching sessions and moments of free play. As a result, it was observed that all babies emitted echoic, tact and mands during session, eight participants learned the conditional discrimination proposals, all they learned discrimination vocalized the names of the experimental stimuli at some point, five participants underwent tests of symmetry and transitivity with familiar stimuli, two participants tested, none passed tests of equivalence. This indicates that the conditional discrimination learning depends on methodological aspects employees; verbal behavior, including the appointment of the names used in teaching auditoryvisual discrimination, can facilitate this learning. However, there is still no conclusive data on the need of the ability of appointment to the establishment of equivalence classes of stimuli.
A produção de textos no ensino de língua: da constituição dos enunciados à constituição dos planos enunciativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Galli, Glória Edini dos Santos
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Onofre, Marilia Blundi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7279601326264588
The objective, in this paper, is to investigate the enunciative plans formation in narrative texts productions written in native language (Portuguese) from elementary school students II, 3rd and 4th cycles. In this approach, the research s central objective lies in the observation of enunciative plans confluence competing in the same text. When the students tried to reproduce the models, which the school works with, they rehearse to assume the place of subject, judging the narrated facts.To discuss this matter, we take for observation the subject marks, space and time generated by the lexical-grammatical relationships and constitutive implications of enunciative plans. Although one cannot say that these occurrences are characterized as errors, one also cannot say that these enunciation changes cannot generate disconnected texts. Therefore, it negatively influences the evaluations of school activities. Taking The Theory of Predicative and Enunciative Operations by Antoine Culioli as a theoretical axis, that favors the enunciative situation in the language constitution, we seek the linguistic marks and modal expressions in the statements that denunciate these different structures. The modal expressions lend us clues of enunciative operations activated by the subject, constituting the mode to enunciate from the enunciator subject. We propose that the teacher can lead the student to the knowledge of his/her own production process and work in the development of the student's discursive capacity based on the theoretical framework we adopted. However, the enunciative mechanisms that constitute the statements and generate the language process need to be known. We used as a standard in the analysis process: the determination marks and indeterminacy of the parameters of subject, space and time; the functioning of the statements by the discret, dense and compact typology, the notions that involve the weights of quantification and qualification. These transactions, analyzed together, enable us to determine the different enunciative plans. In other words, the History enunciative plan and the Speech plan, which correspond in the activities we work with, respectively, to the narrative and dissertative/argumentative texts.
Desafios e peculiaridades do PT do Paraná: uma análise da cultura política dos dirigentes petistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Ayres, Carla Simara Luciana da Silva
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Ribeiro, Pedro José Floriano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6057470643261883
Much has been written about Worker's Party in the literature, which discusses basic and general topics such as the party's foundation, to a more specific ones, such as government experiences and national power achievement. Nevertheless, although Worker's Party is a very well-known subject in political science literature, there are still a few theoretical gaps regarding two main dimensions: cultural and regional; especially when addressed together. Based on that, this study is developed in order to explore one of these gaps, which aims to analyse the political culture of the PT leaders from Paraná state by means of a comparative table, with people responsible to the meetings and conferences. The reason for focusing on Paraná state was the particularities found in terms of party's formation processes, which strongly influence the actions and structure of the party along its agency according to Panebianco. However, it is known that such particularities are due to historical context and economic development of the state which determine the formation of specific groups, and consequently the PT-PR group. As a result, it was found that mobilized sectors in Paraná have different characteristics in comparison to the most recognisable experiences such as those of ABC. In summary, we argue that these different factors tend to influence and create some particularities with regards political culture of these leaders.
Da batalha naval à geometria analítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Martimiano, Paulo César
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Bertoncello, Luciene Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028970771846775
Etnografia de uma escola Xikrin
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Beltrame, Camila Boldrin
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Cohn, Clarice
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995074384060751
This dissertation presents an ethnographic study about a school of the Xikrin of the Bacaja, Mebengokré group (Gê), from southwest Pará, Brazil. It seeks to understand how the Xikrin have appropriated of this institution and its activities, what kind of reflections they have formulated about it and how they have inserted it in their daily lives. The school that the government offers to the Xikrin does not follow the principles of the Brazilian Constitution, which stipulate a differentiated and intercultural teaching to indigenous peoples based on the local specificities. During the fieldwork two movements were privileged. First, the daily activities of school have been monitored. That allowed the observation of the space in which the Xikrin children and non-Xikrin adults coexist and establish relations that were not observed in other moments in the village. The second movement was based on conversations with the men who explain what they consider a good school. In these situations the school is recognized as the place for children to learn the techniques and skills of the Whites. However, when they reach a certain maturity these knowledge are left aside so that the Xikrin knowledge begin to be demonstrated, as well as the relations they engender.
A influência das disposições culturais no Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes do Ensino Superior (ENADE)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Silva, Marcio da
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Maamari, Adriana Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5707827597161294
This work falls within the scope of researches on the school career / academic students of different social groups. This is a study on the performance of Brazilian students in the National Performance Higher Education (ENADE). In this sense, the research aims to investigate the existence of possible relationships between socioeconomic background and academic performance of students of higher education in Enade, seeking to answer the question: socioeconomic status of students can influence their performance on the exam? For this, we used the Sociology of Education Pierre Bourdieu, as this author is responsible for developing studies on trajectories, considering the intrinsically linked to cultural capital inherited from the family and social status, ie, elements which together, gather facts related to positions and social processes essential to understanding the meanings of these positions. The analysis of the data that make up the socioeconomic profile of students as well as the result in the proof of the general education Enade revealed that factors such as the type of school attended in high school and ethnicity exerted influence on the performance achieved by the individuals.
Avaliação da integridade de córregos a partir das características da paisagem: teste do protocolo WHEBIP para uma região tropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Pires, Adriana Helena Catojo
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1706578123112503
Lotic systems are highly influenced by the landscape through which they flow, and changes in the landscape are the main threat to their ecological integrity. Evaluating the ecological "health" of lotic systems is essential and of great importance to the management of water resources worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the integrity of streams in southeastern Brazil using the protocol WHEBIP (Watershed Habitat Evaluation and Biotic Integrity Protocol), which combines information about the coverage of riparian vegetation, geomorphology, land cover and human activities to assess the physical characteristics of the sub-basin and to evaluate the integrity of streams. We compared this protocol with the protocol RCE (Riparian, Channel and Environmental), already widely used in tropical regions, to directly assess stream physical condition. As a measure of the functional integrity of streams, we estimated leaf breakdown rates, an important process in lotic systems. Furthermore, we sorted and identified the macroinvertebrates that colonized leaves in the 2nd and 28th days of the decomposition experiment and calculated environmental quality metrics related to these communities to test their relationship with WHEBIP. The protocols WHEBIP and RCE were significantly correlated to each other, with greater differentiation among streams especially when RCE was high. Possibly, the WHEBIP, by incorporating spatial variables on a large scale in the landscape, best differentiates these streams. None of the protocols tested were correlated with leaf breakdown rates. However, when calculating variation of decay rates (standard error), we observed a positive relationship with the protocol WHEBIP. Thus, we grouped the metrics of the protocol WHEBIP in a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), noting the trend to a significant correlation between changes in leaf breakdown rates and the first axis of the PCA, which indicates that the increase of forest cover in the microbasin could reduce variation in leaf breakdown rates in streams. The WHEBIP and RCE showed no correlation with the environmental quality metrics related to macroinvertebrate communities. But we tested the hypothesis that higher values of WHEBIP decreases the variation in leaf breakdown rates due to higher stability of macoinvertebrate communities, we found a significant correlation to withdraw one of the streams of the analysis. This stream differed greatly from the rest, because even getting down in value in WHEBIP, showed a differentiation between communities, due to the dominance of certain taxa in the days analyzed. This is the first study in the tropics that relates the variation in leaf breakdown rates in streams and forest cover of the microbasin within they are inserted. Our results suggest that WHEBIP protocol can be used to assess the integrity of streams in tropical regions. This protocol showed significant relationships with the variation in leaf breakdown rates, which may prove to be an interesting metric for use in monitoring, and the stability of the macroinvertebrate community, which is greater in less impacted streams, as suggested by other studies.
Hidrólise enzimática dos polissacarídeos do café
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Baraldi, Ilton José
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1989626876274601
Instant coffee is one of the main products generated by food industry worldwide, consisting of solubilized fraction from roasted and grounded coffee by heat treatment in two steps: thermal extraction at 125 0C, followed by thermal hydrolysis at 180 0C of not solubilized fraction in the previous step. With a high overall yield (~ 50%) due to high temperatures used in thermal hydrolysis step in order to solubilize carbohydrates present in the coffee, this step is characterized by high energy consumption and generation of unwished volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, furfural and 5 -hydroxy methyl furfural) from thermal degradation of coffee beans constituents. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of conducting hydrolysis and solubilization of polysaccharides remaining in coffee residue after thermal extraction step (low temperature) through enzymatic hydrolysis. This alternative was further compared to the industrial process conventionally employed. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were performed at 50 0C and pH 5.0, using roasted arabica coffee residue obtained after thermal extraction conducted at 125 0C (Steps I and II) or at 165 0C (Step III). Solubilized fraction by thermal extraction, thermal or enzymatic hydrolysis were characterized in terms of volatiles from thermal degradation (GC-MS), carbohydrate composition (HPAEC-PAD) and sensorial evaluation. In Step I of this study, 11 commercial enzyme preparations, presenting enzymatic activities of galactomannanases, cellulases, galactanases and β-glucanases, among others, able to act in coffee biopolymers (arabinogalactans - AGs, galactomannans - GMs and cellulose) were tested. Three enzyme preparations (Powercell, Galactomannanase-HBI and Ultraflo® XL) were selected due to their high activity in standard substrates (463 FPU / g, 18,554 IU / g and 1.028 IU / mL, respectively). In Step II, the influence of the concentration of enzymatic preparations Powercell, Galactomannanase-HBI and Ultraflo ® XL (independent variables) on the performance of the enzymatic process was investigated by running 11 experiments performed according to a full factorial design in two levels. Results showed that Ultraflo® XL preparation did not contribute for carbohydrates solubilization nor for yield increasing (p-value> 0.49), while enzymes present in the preparations Galactomannanase and Powercell influenced significantly the response variables favoring the release of glucose, arabinose, mannose and glactose as free and total sugars (p-value <0.1). The best results were achieved in the experimental condition conducted with 0.12% of Powercell, 0.10% of galactomannanase, and 0.12% of Ultraflo® XL, reaching up 22.3% of yield with reduced concentration of unwished volatiles. Products obtained by the three processes were also compared, resulting in similar yields for thermal extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis, whereas thermal hydrolysis yield was approximately 60% higher, due to a high solubilization of galactose. However, this product contained double concentrations of unwished volatiles compounds. In order to improve the yield of the alternative process (thermal extraction followed by enzymatic hydrolysis), in Step III the extraction temperature influence in a range of 125 to 175 0C was studied. Results showed that it is possible to increase thermal extraction temperature to 165 0C, without additional generation of unwished volatiles and with 80% increase of yield in this stage, when compared to the traditional process performed at 125 0C. Residue unsolubilized at 165 0C was then processed by thermal hydrolysis (180 0C) and enzymatic hydrolysis in 3 different experimental conditions of factorial design performed in Step II. Achieved yields were similar in thermal and enzymatic hydrolysis (~ 28%). It was also noticed that increase of thermal extraction temperature enhanced coffee biopolymers solubilization by the enzymes action, again with reduced formation of undesirable volatiles. Sensorial evaluation of soluble coffees obtained by the different process was conducted. Product generated at 125 and 165 0C showed characteristics similar to roasted and grinded coffee fresh brew. Yet, thermal hydrolyzed products in Stages II and III stood out by high acidity, while the enzymatic hydrolyzed product showed characteristic strongly bitter in Step II and neutral characteristic in Stage III, although enzymatic hydrolysis can be improved it can be used for instant coffee production.
Análise da expressão de genes relacionados à defesa em novos híbridos de citros resistentes à Clorose Variegada dos Citros e mapeamento de eQTL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Mauricio, Fernanda Nara
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Medeiros, Ane Hackbart de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315858319851377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5775224509904672
Brazil is the largest producer of sweet orange, but the productivity is not the highest due to disease problems. A major problem is the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which promotes obstruction of the xylem, causing physiological disorders in plant and in advanced cases, affecting fruits, leading to production losses. In this study, hybrids obtained from controlled crosses between Murcott tangor [Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and Pera sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were evaluated by analysis of symptoms, diagnosis through conventional and real time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) , showing seven resistant hybrids, twenty-four tolerant hybrids and six susceptible hybrids. The expressions of thirteen genes [NBS-LRR - RGH1, Abscisic Acid (ABA), Thaumatin, Chitinase, Xa21 Kinase, Kinase CHRK1, Isoflavone Synthase, Protein Defense-Related Resistance - DRRP, No Product Set - SPD, Isoflavone Reductase, HCr2-0A, Ankyrin, Glutathione GST-22 associated with resistance were evaluated, and it was possible to relate the resistance to X. fastidiosa with gene expression. QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were mapped through the quantification of symptoms and bacterial concentration and expression QTL (eQTL) of genes were carried out with the evaluation of thirty-seven hybrids.
Efeito de diferentes fotossensibilizadores no controle de Acanthamoeba polyphaga in vitro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Corrêa, Thaila Quatrini
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1813619329664973
The photodynamic inactivation (PDI), used for biological control of microorganisms, involves the action of a photosensitizer (PS), activated by visible light, in order to oxidize organic substrates, resulting in cytotoxic effect. The control of free-living amoebae is important both for its pathogenicity and its microorganisms harboring. Additionally, some species may develop serious infections in humans. The present study evaluated the in vitro effectiveness of PDI in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Salt of curcuminoids, curcumin, methylene blue and Photogem® were used as FS. Besides, this study intended to observe morphological changes caused by the salt of curcuminoids in the microorganism. The samples were grown at 37 ºC in PYG medium for a period of 48 to 72 hours. Curcumin was solubilized in 1 mL DMSO and further diluted in distilled water to obtain final concentrations. The other PS s were directly solubilized in distilled water. The irradiation light-emitting diodes were used at wavelengths 460 and 630 nm at doses of 30 and 50 J/cm2. After treatments, resazurin was added to evaluate the respiratory activity of A. polyphaga and the samples were incubated at 37 °C for 4 hours. The fluorescence intensity was measured in a fluorescence spectrophotometer. In PDI with salt of curcuminoids at concentrations 500, 1000 and 1500 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 27.7%, 61.4% and 82.5% at 30 J/cm2 and 75.2%, 85.0% and 95.9% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. In PDI with curcumin at concentrations 35, 70 and 140 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 16.2%, 24.0% and 25.7% at 30 J/cm2, and 25.4%, 28.3 % and 30.5% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. In PDI with methylene blue at concentrations 24 and 32 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 14.1% and 28.3% at 30 J/cm2, with no reduction in the concentration of 16 µg/mL and 18.7%, 36.9% and 23.9% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. Finally, in PDI with Photogem® at concentrations 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 20.1%, 37.6% and 53.5% at 30 J/cm2, and 17.1%, 38.9% and 57.3% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. The removal of the PS before irradiation showed that the salt of curcuminoids probably didn t stay inside of amoebas, because the reduction obtained previously was not observed in this condition. The PS was toxic to the amoebae in the absence of light, at the concentrations tested, and the isolated use of light showed no phototoxic effect, except the dose of 50 J/cm2 at 460 nm wavelength. The phototoxicity by doses of light together the PS contributed to the death of the amoebae, being more efficient with salt of curcuminoids. The analysis of confocal microscopy images showed that the salt of curcuminoids caused damage in amoebae, confirming its toxicity in the dark. Therefore, it is concluded that contact with only the PS is already able to induce morphological changes in A. polyphaga, leading some of them to death.
Potencial fitotóxico de Serjania lethalis A. St-Hil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Pereira, Viviane de Cassia
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0263334053268078
The study of the phytotoxic potential of species of the Cerrado has been of great interest to researchers seeking in nature sources of substances with properties similar to those of synthetic herbicides. Serjania lethalis A. St- Hil. is a liana found in the cerrado. This is a species with known properties and rich in compounds such as saponins and catechins, with great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. This research aimed to verify the phytotoxic potential of young and mature leaves aqueous extracts of S. lethalis primarily on germination and seedling growth of grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), which were added aqueous extracts of young and mature leaves on seeds and seedlings of guinea grass in concentrations of 10, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5%. After this, we evaluated their effect on germination and growth variables. The results indicate that the aqueous extracts interfere with seed germination and seedling growth, but the maturation of leaves did not produce very different results for most of the variables analyzed. Fractions of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were tested on the growth of wheat coleoptile (Triticum aestivum L).In this bioassay, fractions from ethanol and aqueous extracts, obtained by column chromatography, were tested at three different concentrations (0.8, 0.4 and 0.2 mg.mL-1). It has been found that certain fractions were presented as phytotoxic, because they inhibited the growth of coleoptiles. Later, these fractions were tested about the growth of seedlings of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), at the same concentrations, and the results showed that roots and aerial parts of seedlings had his grow the reduced. Thus, it was decided to verify such changes at the cellular level. Then the same fractions were tested about the growth of cells of metaxylem sesame (Sesamum indicum). Results showed significant reductions in the length of the cells compared to control treatment. The active fractions were fractionated by medium pressure liquid chromatography in order to isolate substances with potential phytotoxicity. Analysis of the active fractions led to the identification of three dimeric procyanidins and polymeric procyanidins (condensed tannins), and a procyanidin unregistered in the literature. It should be noted that the active substances identified were found in young leaves. To identify the substances it was used a Mass Spectrometer and a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance equipment. It was also performed an extraction of saponins from the leaves, roots and stems of S.lethalis. Therefore, it was used methanol and water, and then it was performed a pre-purification, using the technique of Solid Phase Extraction, where eluents methanol and water were used in different proportions. The fractions obtained were analyzed through a Mass Spectrometer. It was tested the phytotoxic potential of extracted saponins, throught a bioassay of coleoptile wheat growth at concentrations 0.8, 0.4 and 0.2 mg. mL-1. It was found that saponins inhibited the growth of coleoptiles, proving its phytotoxic property. This work proved the phytotoxicity of the species S. lethalis. It was also possible to identify a procyanidin present in the ethanol extract of young leaves, with no record in the literature.
Metal sulfides: photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Ratmann, Cristiane Wienke Raubach
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9580926101229239
In this work we report an experimental and theoretical study of photoluminescence (PL) and photocatalytic activity of pure metal sulfides and systems furnished prepared by microwave assisted solvothermal (MAS) method. The theoretical model of the decorated system was created in order to analyze the electronic transition, especially in their interfaces. The results show that the system interface decorated (core-shell) produces an electron charge transfer of holes from cadmium sulfide (CdS) to zinc sulfide (ZnS), which helps increase the PL and photocatalytic activity of the system. For the pure systems, was observed the efficacy of the method synthesis employed verified that the process for obtaining the ZnS and calcium sulfide (CaS) was extremely important. Through the theoretical models was possible to evaluate the influence caused by the solvothermal influence caused by the MAS method. The variation in the synthesis parameters shows a direct influence on the PL properties of sulfides obtained which can be attributed to structural organization. The theoretical results how this order and disorder of the system can affect these properties of the obtained materials.
Estudo de vida em fadiga de parafusos pediculares revestidos com hidroxiapatita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Larrubia, Davis Machado
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0110088830054062
The search for new materials or changes in the manufacture process for the surgical implant companies have been considered one the most challenging issues for the engineering in order to supply high performance products and minimize the damage to the post-operated patient, reducing the recovery time through the improved acceptance and stability of the organism regarding the implanted medical device. Alternatives for the decrease in the time to reach the arthodesis can be obtained through the Surface Treatment technique. The possible use of bioceramics with coating in metallic parts, may increase the bone growth rate of the deposited bioceramic when the adequate parameters are used, although the thermal spray process may impact the fatigue life. This study intends to analyses the life of dynamic loading of a Pedicular Fixation System with the presence of a coated hydroxyapatite film deposited on the surface of the screws through the Flame Spray technique, using a methodology in according with the prescribed by the preface of the standard ASTM F 1717 (Standard Test Methods for Spinal Implant Constructs in a Vertebrectomy Model). The mechanical properties of the coating were found satisfactory, although changes in the coating process are required in order to reach the correct Ca/P ratio.
Carvão vegetal: desenvolvimento de indicadores tecnológicos a partir da análise de documentos de patentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Leite, André Luís Castelo Branco
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Gregolin, José Angelo Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842651773105125
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3898533103731512
Charcoal is an important renewable source of energy and feedstock for several applications. Its consumption, production and utilization are known by human kind for many years and have been increasing over time. The constant increasing of global demand for the establishment of sustainable development puts charcoal in a prominent position, which makes it important to monitor technological advances in the area as an input to the planning and decision making. In the present study, the mapping of the technological advances into charcoal was carried out by the development of indicators based on the patents documents analysis. The patenting evolution was concentrated in the period from 2001 to 2010 with major involvement of Japan, South Korea, China, USA and Germany. The main technological domains related to charcoal were Chemistry Materials and Industrial Procedures with emphasis shown by the subdomains Basic Chemistry, Family Consumption, Technical Procedures and Materials Metallurgy. The main assignees of the documents are companies from North America, Europe and, especially from Asia. The Brazilian technological development into charcoal was substantially inferior when compared to the major assignees countries, even though Brazil is the main charcoal producer and consumer. In the case of the subdomain Materials Metallurgy, Japan, South Korea and China are the most prominent countries and most of the documents are concentrated in 10 subject areas. For this subdomain, the main assignees are Japanese and South Korean companies. The results showed that a significant amount of the patents documents on charcoal are related to apparatus, device, equipment and machine, and for this categorization there is also the Japanese, South Korean and Chinese prominence as well as the concentration of the documents in 10 subject areas. Among the patents related to equipment and so on, only a very few amount are triadic, in other words, were filed in US, EPO and Japan. These triadic patents are related to carbonization systems, methods and equipment for charcoal and activated charcoal production and waste and garbage treatment.
Investigação de estratégias de sumarização humana multidocumento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Camargo, Renata Tironi de
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Di Felippo, Ariani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4011327590298193
The multi-document human summarization (MHS), which is the production of a manual summary from a collection of texts from different sources on the same subject, is a little explored linguistic task. Considering the fact that single document summaries comprise information that present recurrent features which are able to reveal summarization strategies, we aimed to investigate multi-document summaries in order to identify MHS strategies. For the identification of MHS strategies, the source texts sentences from the CSTNews corpus (CARDOSO et al., 2011) were manually aligned to their human summaries. The corpus has 50 clusters of news texts and their multi-document summaries in Portuguese. Thus, the alignment revealed the origin of the selected information to compose the summaries. In order to identify whether the selected information show recurrent features, the aligned (and nonaligned) sentences were semi automatically characterized considering a set of linguistic attributes identified in some related works. These attributes translate the content selection strategies from the single document summarization and the clues about MHS. Through the manual analysis of the characterizations of the aligned and non-aligned sentences, we identified that the selected sentences commonly have certain attributes such as sentence location in the text and redundancy. This observation was confirmed by a set of formal rules learned by a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm from the same characterizations. Thus, these rules translate MHS strategies. When the rules were learned and tested in CSTNews by ML, the precision rate was 71.25%. To assess the relevance of the rules, we performed 3 different kinds of intrinsic evaluations: (i) verification of the occurrence of the same strategies in another corpus, and (ii) comparison of the quality of summaries produced by the HMS strategies with the quality of summaries produced by different strategies. Regarding the evaluation (i), which was automatically performed by ML, the rules learned from the CSTNews were tested in a different newspaper corpus and its precision was 70%, which is very close to the precision obtained in the training corpus (CSTNews). Concerning the evaluating (ii), the quality, which was manually evaluated by 10 computational linguists, was considered better than the quality of other summaries. Besides describing features concerning multi-document summaries, this work has the potential to support the multi-document automatic summarization, which may help it to become more linguistically motivated. This task consists of automatically generating multi-document summaries and, therefore, it has been based on the adjustment of strategies identified in single document summarization or only on not confirmed clues about MHS. Based on this work, the automatic process of content selection in multi-document summarization methods may be performed based on strategies systematically identified in MHS.