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A produção de textos no ensino de língua: da constituição dos enunciados à constituição dos planos enunciativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Galli, Glória Edini dos Santos
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Onofre, Marilia Blundi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7279601326264588
The objective, in this paper, is to investigate the enunciative plans formation in narrative texts productions written in native language (Portuguese) from elementary school students II, 3rd and 4th cycles. In this approach, the research s central objective lies in the observation of enunciative plans confluence competing in the same text. When the students tried to reproduce the models, which the school works with, they rehearse to assume the place of subject, judging the narrated facts.To discuss this matter, we take for observation the subject marks, space and time generated by the lexical-grammatical relationships and constitutive implications of enunciative plans. Although one cannot say that these occurrences are characterized as errors, one also cannot say that these enunciation changes cannot generate disconnected texts. Therefore, it negatively influences the evaluations of school activities. Taking The Theory of Predicative and Enunciative Operations by Antoine Culioli as a theoretical axis, that favors the enunciative situation in the language constitution, we seek the linguistic marks and modal expressions in the statements that denunciate these different structures. The modal expressions lend us clues of enunciative operations activated by the subject, constituting the mode to enunciate from the enunciator subject. We propose that the teacher can lead the student to the knowledge of his/her own production process and work in the development of the student's discursive capacity based on the theoretical framework we adopted. However, the enunciative mechanisms that constitute the statements and generate the language process need to be known. We used as a standard in the analysis process: the determination marks and indeterminacy of the parameters of subject, space and time; the functioning of the statements by the discret, dense and compact typology, the notions that involve the weights of quantification and qualification. These transactions, analyzed together, enable us to determine the different enunciative plans. In other words, the History enunciative plan and the Speech plan, which correspond in the activities we work with, respectively, to the narrative and dissertative/argumentative texts.
Desafios e peculiaridades do PT do Paraná: uma análise da cultura política dos dirigentes petistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Ayres, Carla Simara Luciana da Silva
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Ribeiro, Pedro José Floriano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6057470643261883
Much has been written about Worker's Party in the literature, which discusses basic and general topics such as the party's foundation, to a more specific ones, such as government experiences and national power achievement. Nevertheless, although Worker's Party is a very well-known subject in political science literature, there are still a few theoretical gaps regarding two main dimensions: cultural and regional; especially when addressed together. Based on that, this study is developed in order to explore one of these gaps, which aims to analyse the political culture of the PT leaders from Paraná state by means of a comparative table, with people responsible to the meetings and conferences. The reason for focusing on Paraná state was the particularities found in terms of party's formation processes, which strongly influence the actions and structure of the party along its agency according to Panebianco. However, it is known that such particularities are due to historical context and economic development of the state which determine the formation of specific groups, and consequently the PT-PR group. As a result, it was found that mobilized sectors in Paraná have different characteristics in comparison to the most recognisable experiences such as those of ABC. In summary, we argue that these different factors tend to influence and create some particularities with regards political culture of these leaders.
Da batalha naval à geometria analítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Martimiano, Paulo César
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Bertoncello, Luciene Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028970771846775
Etnografia de uma escola Xikrin
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Beltrame, Camila Boldrin
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Cohn, Clarice
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995074384060751
This dissertation presents an ethnographic study about a school of the Xikrin of the Bacaja, Mebengokré group (Gê), from southwest Pará, Brazil. It seeks to understand how the Xikrin have appropriated of this institution and its activities, what kind of reflections they have formulated about it and how they have inserted it in their daily lives. The school that the government offers to the Xikrin does not follow the principles of the Brazilian Constitution, which stipulate a differentiated and intercultural teaching to indigenous peoples based on the local specificities. During the fieldwork two movements were privileged. First, the daily activities of school have been monitored. That allowed the observation of the space in which the Xikrin children and non-Xikrin adults coexist and establish relations that were not observed in other moments in the village. The second movement was based on conversations with the men who explain what they consider a good school. In these situations the school is recognized as the place for children to learn the techniques and skills of the Whites. However, when they reach a certain maturity these knowledge are left aside so that the Xikrin knowledge begin to be demonstrated, as well as the relations they engender.
A influência das disposições culturais no Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes do Ensino Superior (ENADE)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Silva, Marcio da
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Maamari, Adriana Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5707827597161294
This work falls within the scope of researches on the school career / academic students of different social groups. This is a study on the performance of Brazilian students in the National Performance Higher Education (ENADE). In this sense, the research aims to investigate the existence of possible relationships between socioeconomic background and academic performance of students of higher education in Enade, seeking to answer the question: socioeconomic status of students can influence their performance on the exam? For this, we used the Sociology of Education Pierre Bourdieu, as this author is responsible for developing studies on trajectories, considering the intrinsically linked to cultural capital inherited from the family and social status, ie, elements which together, gather facts related to positions and social processes essential to understanding the meanings of these positions. The analysis of the data that make up the socioeconomic profile of students as well as the result in the proof of the general education Enade revealed that factors such as the type of school attended in high school and ethnicity exerted influence on the performance achieved by the individuals.
Avaliação da integridade de córregos a partir das características da paisagem: teste do protocolo WHEBIP para uma região tropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Pires, Adriana Helena Catojo
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1706578123112503
Lotic systems are highly influenced by the landscape through which they flow, and changes in the landscape are the main threat to their ecological integrity. Evaluating the ecological "health" of lotic systems is essential and of great importance to the management of water resources worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the integrity of streams in southeastern Brazil using the protocol WHEBIP (Watershed Habitat Evaluation and Biotic Integrity Protocol), which combines information about the coverage of riparian vegetation, geomorphology, land cover and human activities to assess the physical characteristics of the sub-basin and to evaluate the integrity of streams. We compared this protocol with the protocol RCE (Riparian, Channel and Environmental), already widely used in tropical regions, to directly assess stream physical condition. As a measure of the functional integrity of streams, we estimated leaf breakdown rates, an important process in lotic systems. Furthermore, we sorted and identified the macroinvertebrates that colonized leaves in the 2nd and 28th days of the decomposition experiment and calculated environmental quality metrics related to these communities to test their relationship with WHEBIP. The protocols WHEBIP and RCE were significantly correlated to each other, with greater differentiation among streams especially when RCE was high. Possibly, the WHEBIP, by incorporating spatial variables on a large scale in the landscape, best differentiates these streams. None of the protocols tested were correlated with leaf breakdown rates. However, when calculating variation of decay rates (standard error), we observed a positive relationship with the protocol WHEBIP. Thus, we grouped the metrics of the protocol WHEBIP in a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), noting the trend to a significant correlation between changes in leaf breakdown rates and the first axis of the PCA, which indicates that the increase of forest cover in the microbasin could reduce variation in leaf breakdown rates in streams. The WHEBIP and RCE showed no correlation with the environmental quality metrics related to macroinvertebrate communities. But we tested the hypothesis that higher values of WHEBIP decreases the variation in leaf breakdown rates due to higher stability of macoinvertebrate communities, we found a significant correlation to withdraw one of the streams of the analysis. This stream differed greatly from the rest, because even getting down in value in WHEBIP, showed a differentiation between communities, due to the dominance of certain taxa in the days analyzed. This is the first study in the tropics that relates the variation in leaf breakdown rates in streams and forest cover of the microbasin within they are inserted. Our results suggest that WHEBIP protocol can be used to assess the integrity of streams in tropical regions. This protocol showed significant relationships with the variation in leaf breakdown rates, which may prove to be an interesting metric for use in monitoring, and the stability of the macroinvertebrate community, which is greater in less impacted streams, as suggested by other studies.
Hidrólise enzimática dos polissacarídeos do café
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Baraldi, Ilton José
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1989626876274601
Instant coffee is one of the main products generated by food industry worldwide, consisting of solubilized fraction from roasted and grounded coffee by heat treatment in two steps: thermal extraction at 125 0C, followed by thermal hydrolysis at 180 0C of not solubilized fraction in the previous step. With a high overall yield (~ 50%) due to high temperatures used in thermal hydrolysis step in order to solubilize carbohydrates present in the coffee, this step is characterized by high energy consumption and generation of unwished volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, furfural and 5 -hydroxy methyl furfural) from thermal degradation of coffee beans constituents. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of conducting hydrolysis and solubilization of polysaccharides remaining in coffee residue after thermal extraction step (low temperature) through enzymatic hydrolysis. This alternative was further compared to the industrial process conventionally employed. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were performed at 50 0C and pH 5.0, using roasted arabica coffee residue obtained after thermal extraction conducted at 125 0C (Steps I and II) or at 165 0C (Step III). Solubilized fraction by thermal extraction, thermal or enzymatic hydrolysis were characterized in terms of volatiles from thermal degradation (GC-MS), carbohydrate composition (HPAEC-PAD) and sensorial evaluation. In Step I of this study, 11 commercial enzyme preparations, presenting enzymatic activities of galactomannanases, cellulases, galactanases and β-glucanases, among others, able to act in coffee biopolymers (arabinogalactans - AGs, galactomannans - GMs and cellulose) were tested. Three enzyme preparations (Powercell, Galactomannanase-HBI and Ultraflo® XL) were selected due to their high activity in standard substrates (463 FPU / g, 18,554 IU / g and 1.028 IU / mL, respectively). In Step II, the influence of the concentration of enzymatic preparations Powercell, Galactomannanase-HBI and Ultraflo ® XL (independent variables) on the performance of the enzymatic process was investigated by running 11 experiments performed according to a full factorial design in two levels. Results showed that Ultraflo® XL preparation did not contribute for carbohydrates solubilization nor for yield increasing (p-value> 0.49), while enzymes present in the preparations Galactomannanase and Powercell influenced significantly the response variables favoring the release of glucose, arabinose, mannose and glactose as free and total sugars (p-value <0.1). The best results were achieved in the experimental condition conducted with 0.12% of Powercell, 0.10% of galactomannanase, and 0.12% of Ultraflo® XL, reaching up 22.3% of yield with reduced concentration of unwished volatiles. Products obtained by the three processes were also compared, resulting in similar yields for thermal extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis, whereas thermal hydrolysis yield was approximately 60% higher, due to a high solubilization of galactose. However, this product contained double concentrations of unwished volatiles compounds. In order to improve the yield of the alternative process (thermal extraction followed by enzymatic hydrolysis), in Step III the extraction temperature influence in a range of 125 to 175 0C was studied. Results showed that it is possible to increase thermal extraction temperature to 165 0C, without additional generation of unwished volatiles and with 80% increase of yield in this stage, when compared to the traditional process performed at 125 0C. Residue unsolubilized at 165 0C was then processed by thermal hydrolysis (180 0C) and enzymatic hydrolysis in 3 different experimental conditions of factorial design performed in Step II. Achieved yields were similar in thermal and enzymatic hydrolysis (~ 28%). It was also noticed that increase of thermal extraction temperature enhanced coffee biopolymers solubilization by the enzymes action, again with reduced formation of undesirable volatiles. Sensorial evaluation of soluble coffees obtained by the different process was conducted. Product generated at 125 and 165 0C showed characteristics similar to roasted and grinded coffee fresh brew. Yet, thermal hydrolyzed products in Stages II and III stood out by high acidity, while the enzymatic hydrolyzed product showed characteristic strongly bitter in Step II and neutral characteristic in Stage III, although enzymatic hydrolysis can be improved it can be used for instant coffee production.
Análise da expressão de genes relacionados à defesa em novos híbridos de citros resistentes à Clorose Variegada dos Citros e mapeamento de eQTL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Mauricio, Fernanda Nara
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Medeiros, Ane Hackbart de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315858319851377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5775224509904672
Brazil is the largest producer of sweet orange, but the productivity is not the highest due to disease problems. A major problem is the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which promotes obstruction of the xylem, causing physiological disorders in plant and in advanced cases, affecting fruits, leading to production losses. In this study, hybrids obtained from controlled crosses between Murcott tangor [Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and Pera sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were evaluated by analysis of symptoms, diagnosis through conventional and real time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) , showing seven resistant hybrids, twenty-four tolerant hybrids and six susceptible hybrids. The expressions of thirteen genes [NBS-LRR - RGH1, Abscisic Acid (ABA), Thaumatin, Chitinase, Xa21 Kinase, Kinase CHRK1, Isoflavone Synthase, Protein Defense-Related Resistance - DRRP, No Product Set - SPD, Isoflavone Reductase, HCr2-0A, Ankyrin, Glutathione GST-22 associated with resistance were evaluated, and it was possible to relate the resistance to X. fastidiosa with gene expression. QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were mapped through the quantification of symptoms and bacterial concentration and expression QTL (eQTL) of genes were carried out with the evaluation of thirty-seven hybrids.
Efeito de diferentes fotossensibilizadores no controle de Acanthamoeba polyphaga in vitro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Corrêa, Thaila Quatrini
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1813619329664973
The photodynamic inactivation (PDI), used for biological control of microorganisms, involves the action of a photosensitizer (PS), activated by visible light, in order to oxidize organic substrates, resulting in cytotoxic effect. The control of free-living amoebae is important both for its pathogenicity and its microorganisms harboring. Additionally, some species may develop serious infections in humans. The present study evaluated the in vitro effectiveness of PDI in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Salt of curcuminoids, curcumin, methylene blue and Photogem® were used as FS. Besides, this study intended to observe morphological changes caused by the salt of curcuminoids in the microorganism. The samples were grown at 37 ºC in PYG medium for a period of 48 to 72 hours. Curcumin was solubilized in 1 mL DMSO and further diluted in distilled water to obtain final concentrations. The other PS s were directly solubilized in distilled water. The irradiation light-emitting diodes were used at wavelengths 460 and 630 nm at doses of 30 and 50 J/cm2. After treatments, resazurin was added to evaluate the respiratory activity of A. polyphaga and the samples were incubated at 37 °C for 4 hours. The fluorescence intensity was measured in a fluorescence spectrophotometer. In PDI with salt of curcuminoids at concentrations 500, 1000 and 1500 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 27.7%, 61.4% and 82.5% at 30 J/cm2 and 75.2%, 85.0% and 95.9% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. In PDI with curcumin at concentrations 35, 70 and 140 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 16.2%, 24.0% and 25.7% at 30 J/cm2, and 25.4%, 28.3 % and 30.5% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. In PDI with methylene blue at concentrations 24 and 32 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 14.1% and 28.3% at 30 J/cm2, with no reduction in the concentration of 16 µg/mL and 18.7%, 36.9% and 23.9% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. Finally, in PDI with Photogem® at concentrations 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 20.1%, 37.6% and 53.5% at 30 J/cm2, and 17.1%, 38.9% and 57.3% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. The removal of the PS before irradiation showed that the salt of curcuminoids probably didn t stay inside of amoebas, because the reduction obtained previously was not observed in this condition. The PS was toxic to the amoebae in the absence of light, at the concentrations tested, and the isolated use of light showed no phototoxic effect, except the dose of 50 J/cm2 at 460 nm wavelength. The phototoxicity by doses of light together the PS contributed to the death of the amoebae, being more efficient with salt of curcuminoids. The analysis of confocal microscopy images showed that the salt of curcuminoids caused damage in amoebae, confirming its toxicity in the dark. Therefore, it is concluded that contact with only the PS is already able to induce morphological changes in A. polyphaga, leading some of them to death.
Potencial fitotóxico de Serjania lethalis A. St-Hil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-29)
Pereira, Viviane de Cassia
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0263334053268078
The study of the phytotoxic potential of species of the Cerrado has been of great interest to researchers seeking in nature sources of substances with properties similar to those of synthetic herbicides. Serjania lethalis A. St- Hil. is a liana found in the cerrado. This is a species with known properties and rich in compounds such as saponins and catechins, with great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. This research aimed to verify the phytotoxic potential of young and mature leaves aqueous extracts of S. lethalis primarily on germination and seedling growth of grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), which were added aqueous extracts of young and mature leaves on seeds and seedlings of guinea grass in concentrations of 10, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5%. After this, we evaluated their effect on germination and growth variables. The results indicate that the aqueous extracts interfere with seed germination and seedling growth, but the maturation of leaves did not produce very different results for most of the variables analyzed. Fractions of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were tested on the growth of wheat coleoptile (Triticum aestivum L).In this bioassay, fractions from ethanol and aqueous extracts, obtained by column chromatography, were tested at three different concentrations (0.8, 0.4 and 0.2 mg.mL-1). It has been found that certain fractions were presented as phytotoxic, because they inhibited the growth of coleoptiles. Later, these fractions were tested about the growth of seedlings of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), at the same concentrations, and the results showed that roots and aerial parts of seedlings had his grow the reduced. Thus, it was decided to verify such changes at the cellular level. Then the same fractions were tested about the growth of cells of metaxylem sesame (Sesamum indicum). Results showed significant reductions in the length of the cells compared to control treatment. The active fractions were fractionated by medium pressure liquid chromatography in order to isolate substances with potential phytotoxicity. Analysis of the active fractions led to the identification of three dimeric procyanidins and polymeric procyanidins (condensed tannins), and a procyanidin unregistered in the literature. It should be noted that the active substances identified were found in young leaves. To identify the substances it was used a Mass Spectrometer and a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance equipment. It was also performed an extraction of saponins from the leaves, roots and stems of S.lethalis. Therefore, it was used methanol and water, and then it was performed a pre-purification, using the technique of Solid Phase Extraction, where eluents methanol and water were used in different proportions. The fractions obtained were analyzed through a Mass Spectrometer. It was tested the phytotoxic potential of extracted saponins, throught a bioassay of coleoptile wheat growth at concentrations 0.8, 0.4 and 0.2 mg. mL-1. It was found that saponins inhibited the growth of coleoptiles, proving its phytotoxic property. This work proved the phytotoxicity of the species S. lethalis. It was also possible to identify a procyanidin present in the ethanol extract of young leaves, with no record in the literature.
Metal sulfides: photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Ratmann, Cristiane Wienke Raubach
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9580926101229239
In this work we report an experimental and theoretical study of photoluminescence (PL) and photocatalytic activity of pure metal sulfides and systems furnished prepared by microwave assisted solvothermal (MAS) method. The theoretical model of the decorated system was created in order to analyze the electronic transition, especially in their interfaces. The results show that the system interface decorated (core-shell) produces an electron charge transfer of holes from cadmium sulfide (CdS) to zinc sulfide (ZnS), which helps increase the PL and photocatalytic activity of the system. For the pure systems, was observed the efficacy of the method synthesis employed verified that the process for obtaining the ZnS and calcium sulfide (CaS) was extremely important. Through the theoretical models was possible to evaluate the influence caused by the solvothermal influence caused by the MAS method. The variation in the synthesis parameters shows a direct influence on the PL properties of sulfides obtained which can be attributed to structural organization. The theoretical results how this order and disorder of the system can affect these properties of the obtained materials.
Estudo de vida em fadiga de parafusos pediculares revestidos com hidroxiapatita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Larrubia, Davis Machado
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0110088830054062
The search for new materials or changes in the manufacture process for the surgical implant companies have been considered one the most challenging issues for the engineering in order to supply high performance products and minimize the damage to the post-operated patient, reducing the recovery time through the improved acceptance and stability of the organism regarding the implanted medical device. Alternatives for the decrease in the time to reach the arthodesis can be obtained through the Surface Treatment technique. The possible use of bioceramics with coating in metallic parts, may increase the bone growth rate of the deposited bioceramic when the adequate parameters are used, although the thermal spray process may impact the fatigue life. This study intends to analyses the life of dynamic loading of a Pedicular Fixation System with the presence of a coated hydroxyapatite film deposited on the surface of the screws through the Flame Spray technique, using a methodology in according with the prescribed by the preface of the standard ASTM F 1717 (Standard Test Methods for Spinal Implant Constructs in a Vertebrectomy Model). The mechanical properties of the coating were found satisfactory, although changes in the coating process are required in order to reach the correct Ca/P ratio.
Carvão vegetal: desenvolvimento de indicadores tecnológicos a partir da análise de documentos de patentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Leite, André Luís Castelo Branco
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Gregolin, José Angelo Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842651773105125
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3898533103731512
Charcoal is an important renewable source of energy and feedstock for several applications. Its consumption, production and utilization are known by human kind for many years and have been increasing over time. The constant increasing of global demand for the establishment of sustainable development puts charcoal in a prominent position, which makes it important to monitor technological advances in the area as an input to the planning and decision making. In the present study, the mapping of the technological advances into charcoal was carried out by the development of indicators based on the patents documents analysis. The patenting evolution was concentrated in the period from 2001 to 2010 with major involvement of Japan, South Korea, China, USA and Germany. The main technological domains related to charcoal were Chemistry Materials and Industrial Procedures with emphasis shown by the subdomains Basic Chemistry, Family Consumption, Technical Procedures and Materials Metallurgy. The main assignees of the documents are companies from North America, Europe and, especially from Asia. The Brazilian technological development into charcoal was substantially inferior when compared to the major assignees countries, even though Brazil is the main charcoal producer and consumer. In the case of the subdomain Materials Metallurgy, Japan, South Korea and China are the most prominent countries and most of the documents are concentrated in 10 subject areas. For this subdomain, the main assignees are Japanese and South Korean companies. The results showed that a significant amount of the patents documents on charcoal are related to apparatus, device, equipment and machine, and for this categorization there is also the Japanese, South Korean and Chinese prominence as well as the concentration of the documents in 10 subject areas. Among the patents related to equipment and so on, only a very few amount are triadic, in other words, were filed in US, EPO and Japan. These triadic patents are related to carbonization systems, methods and equipment for charcoal and activated charcoal production and waste and garbage treatment.
Investigação de estratégias de sumarização humana multidocumento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Camargo, Renata Tironi de
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Di Felippo, Ariani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4011327590298193
The multi-document human summarization (MHS), which is the production of a manual summary from a collection of texts from different sources on the same subject, is a little explored linguistic task. Considering the fact that single document summaries comprise information that present recurrent features which are able to reveal summarization strategies, we aimed to investigate multi-document summaries in order to identify MHS strategies. For the identification of MHS strategies, the source texts sentences from the CSTNews corpus (CARDOSO et al., 2011) were manually aligned to their human summaries. The corpus has 50 clusters of news texts and their multi-document summaries in Portuguese. Thus, the alignment revealed the origin of the selected information to compose the summaries. In order to identify whether the selected information show recurrent features, the aligned (and nonaligned) sentences were semi automatically characterized considering a set of linguistic attributes identified in some related works. These attributes translate the content selection strategies from the single document summarization and the clues about MHS. Through the manual analysis of the characterizations of the aligned and non-aligned sentences, we identified that the selected sentences commonly have certain attributes such as sentence location in the text and redundancy. This observation was confirmed by a set of formal rules learned by a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm from the same characterizations. Thus, these rules translate MHS strategies. When the rules were learned and tested in CSTNews by ML, the precision rate was 71.25%. To assess the relevance of the rules, we performed 3 different kinds of intrinsic evaluations: (i) verification of the occurrence of the same strategies in another corpus, and (ii) comparison of the quality of summaries produced by the HMS strategies with the quality of summaries produced by different strategies. Regarding the evaluation (i), which was automatically performed by ML, the rules learned from the CSTNews were tested in a different newspaper corpus and its precision was 70%, which is very close to the precision obtained in the training corpus (CSTNews). Concerning the evaluating (ii), the quality, which was manually evaluated by 10 computational linguists, was considered better than the quality of other summaries. Besides describing features concerning multi-document summaries, this work has the potential to support the multi-document automatic summarization, which may help it to become more linguistically motivated. This task consists of automatically generating multi-document summaries and, therefore, it has been based on the adjustment of strategies identified in single document summarization or only on not confirmed clues about MHS. Based on this work, the automatic process of content selection in multi-document summarization methods may be performed based on strategies systematically identified in MHS.
Alfabetização em São Paulo (1970-1985): um estudo das diretrizes curriculares elaboradas pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Dornfeld, Larissa Mendes Gontijo
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Buffa, Ester
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3599153832578060
This work focus on understanding the grants provided by the Secretaria de Estado de Educação de São Paulo to guide literacy practices in the first grade of elementary school in that State between 1975-1985. The theoretical approach is the concept of history created by Marc Bloch and prepared by Le Goff. It constitutes as a documentary research. The research corpus consists of documents produced by the Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo which achieved the resources to guide the learning process of reading and writing in the first year of primary school in the 1970s and 1980s. This paper also analyzes the grounds of literacy, language and psychological concepts that guide the analyzed documents, it identifies and characterizes the eclectic method as recommended for the completion of the educational proposal. It discusses the proposed work for the preparatory period, identifies literacy methods which best match the proposal and investigates the standards for working with the keywords and key syllables. It concludes that even though the majority of children in school, the rates of illiteracy and functional illiteracy remain high, despite of national and state education efforts that supposedly targeted the quality of education.
Ultradarwinismo em K. R. Popper e B. F. Skinner
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Mello, Érik Luca de
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7016819786979727
The theory of natural selection as one of the causal processes of Darwin s theory of evolution has impacted on fields of knowledge far beyond natural sciences. This extension the employment of the logic of selection in psychology and philosophy, as can be found in Popper and Skinner is usually defined as ultra-Darwinism. Darwin s ideas and their impact following the publication of The Origin of Species were approached through Ernst Mayr interpretation. The objectives of this study were: (1) to show Darwin s influence on the works of Popper and Skinner; and (2) to present a brief comparison between Popper and Skinner s points of view concerning with the fate of societies. The method employed was an aporetic one. The main results were: (1) The logic of selection makes it possible to find common epistemological features in the works of Popper and Skinner; (2) both authors hold that scientific knowledge is a means for the investigation of culture and cultural planning; (3) both authors agree that essentialistic theoretical beliefs are an obstacle for technological advances and cause of delay in the development of civilization; (4) they are contemporary with events of worldwide impact brought about by mankind throughout the twentieth century that had a great impact on their works.
Teorema de holonomia normal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Chion Aguirre, Sergio Julio
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Villagra, Guillermo Antonio Lobos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962956853017869
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2305959565667431
In this work we will introduce the concept of normal holonomy and restricted normal holonomy of a riemannian submanifold. They are subgroups of the orthogonal matrices that are realized from parallel translating normal vectors, along loops and null-homotopic loops respectively, using the normal connection. We will proof that the restricted normal holonomy is a Lie subgroup of the orthogonal matrices. With the aid of the Ambrose-Singer Theorem, which relates the concept of curvature with restricted normal holonomy, we will prove the Normal Holonomy Theorem which is the extrinsic analogue of the algebraic de Rham-Berger s Theorem.
Estudo limnológico dos reservatórios Jaguari e Jacareí com ênfase na comunidade zooplanctônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Gazonato Neto, Antonio José
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3041116709225106
The zooplankton community plays an important role in the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, especially in the energy flow and nutrient cycling. The density, the biomass, the taxonomic composition and the body size of these group are variables that can characterize in limnological terms a water body and can indicate the deterioration degree of the environment, as well the eutrophication levels of the system. The Jaguari and Jacareí reservoirs are located on the Cantareira system, one of the largest water producers systems in the world; nevertheless in recent decades the quality of the water has been altered due to human pressure, the reason why we sought to evaluate it according to the zooplankton structural variations. A sampling of this community, as well the gathering of physical and chemical water data, were performed on eight points, with taxonomic identification, the numerical count of the groups, the biomass and body size determination and the calculation of two biological indicator indices. The results obtained and analyzed in this study enable to characterize the Jaguari and Jacareí reservoirs as heterogeneous environments, the Jaguari predominantly eutrophic and the Jacareí oligotrophic. There was a relationship between the trophic states and the structure of the community for both samplings, as well as between Calanoida/Cyclopoida ratio and k-dominance curves with the levels of disturbance observed in the reservoirs by the constant supply of nutrients of Jaguari river. The biomass values and the body size structure of all species of the groups Cladocera and Copepoda were strongly associated with the trophy degree of both reservoirs. In reservoir Jaguari, the increasing of TSI was indicated by the increased nutrient concentrations and higher values of dominance and lower values of evenness and Shannon-Wiener index; for the Jacarei reservoir the lower trophic status and changes in the structure community, as evidenced by indicators indices and other variables, were less pronounced. Zooplankton community properties as indicators of reservoir trophic state are indeed adequate tools.
Obtenção e caracterização bioquímica de xilanases nativas e recombinante do fungo Leucoagaricus gongylophorus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Moreira, Ariele Cristina
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Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371170514618038
Xylanases are enzymes which randomly cleave the main chain of xylan, the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide of plants cell wall. Xylanases are commonly produced by a wide range of organisms including bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoa, and certain herbivorous insects and crustaceans also produce xylanases. Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, a mutualistic fungus of leafcutting ant Atta sexdens, secretes enzymes with xylanolytic activity and the gene encoding a xylanase was recently identified. In this work the xylanolytic profile of L. gongylophorus was studied and two enzymes with xylanolytic activity (XyLg1 and XyLg2) were isolated, purified and characterized. XyLg1 has a molecular mass of about 38kDa and pI greater than 4.8. For beechwood xylan substrate XyLg1 showed optimum temperature of 40 °C, optimum pH between 8.5 to 10.5 and Km =14, 7 ± 7.6 mg.ml-1. Due to these features XyLg1 may be used in processes such as bio-bleaching pulp. XyLg1 was also analyzed by mass spectrometry technique being associated with a polygalacturonase of the same fungus. Kinetic studies of the XyLg1 using polygalacturonic acid as substrate were developed (optimum pH= 5.5, optimum temperature between 50 and 60 ° C and Km= 2.2 ± 0.5 mg.ml-1). XyLg2 has molecular weight of about 24kDa and pI less than 4.8, and thus it is an acid protein. Parameter such as optimum temperature (70 °C) and pH (4.0) as well as the kinetic parameters (Km 7.4 ± 2.0 mg.ml-1) using beechwood xylan as substrate were determined for XyLg2. This enzyme exhibits desirable characteristics for improving animal feed, for example. LgXyn2 shows no activity with polygalacturonic acid. For the purpose of producing larger amount of xylanase from the L. gongylophorus the gene sequence encoding a xylanase (LgXyn1, GenBank: EF208066.1) was used to synthesize forward and reverse primers and was possible to amplify a different gene (xyl) that encodes the synthesis of a new xylanase called here LgXyn2. The gene was cloned into pETSUMO vector and the recombinant expressed in E.coli has no activity even when histidine tail (fusion) is removed with Sumo protease. These results suggest that the glycosylation is an important factor for xylanolitic activity. Then the xyl gene was cloned into pPICZalphaA vector and LgXyn2 was expressed in P. pastoris, secreted into the extracellular medium and the enzyme has xylanolitic activity. This result showed that the new gene (xyl) encodes a functional enzyme and that P. pastoris is a efficient system to obtain the active enzyme.
Os professores da escola de educação básica e suas contribuições na formação dos bolsistas de iniciação à docência da área de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-30)
Afonso, Andréia Francisco
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Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1105432487453207
In this study we investigated the role of employees and trainer teachers of a public school for basic education of São Carlos, in hosting and collaborating with Chemistry teaching initiation scholarship fellows, participants of Institutional Program Initiation Scholarship to Teaching. The researcher was a participant observer, working as an advisor to these fellows. In addition to the Chemistry fellows also participated in this research: three supervisors, Chemistry teacher of public school, who is also one of a supervisor; the Secondary School coordinator and two coordinators of Literature and Chemistry fields. For data collection were used: the researcher's field diary, the portfolio and audio recorded, semistructured interviews. These recordings were described in its entirety or in parts. Data were analyzed using the categories established from the research question. The results point out that monitoring the work of a more experienced teacher is essential for fellows to better identify the role of the teacher in the classroom, thus contributing to the construction of identity teacher. The indiscipline and number of Chemistry classes are some of the difficulties cited by fellows, but these obstacles are also faced by school teachers. Thus, the openness of the employees and trainer-teachers to dialogue and collaborative work, advising and sharing their experiences during the activities, conveys security and support so that fellows may continue evolving. But for the contributions of these teachers are potentiated, it is necessary that theses teachers feel included in the initial stages of the training process of these fellows.