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Propostas para melhoria da integração entre desenvolvimento de produto e planejamento e controle da produção em ambiente ETO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-20)
Andrade, José Henrique de
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Fernandes, Flavio Cesar Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2346239171305383
The main objective of this thesis is to present proposals to improve the integration between Product Development (PD) and Production Planning and Control (PPC) in production systems that operate in Engineering-to-Order (ETO) environment. The specific objectives are: to develop a theoretical framework which identifies concepts and management tools applicable in business process studied that helps to explore integration opportunities; to map the studied scenario in order to understand it comprehensively in what it refers to interactions between PD and PPC; to identify the information technology tools used on studied companies, as well as ways to maximize their usage and to evaluate the proposals with the assistance of professionals who work at PD and PPC on the studied companies. The integration is critical for the production system operations performance, looking to reduce the time and costs for product placement in the market and to increase the quality of the products and services offered. To reach that goal, a literature review on the interest topics and case studies was performed to support the development of the proposals to improve the integration between PD and PPC. The case studies were carried out in large metal-mechanical companies that develop and manufacture capital goods on demand, located in the state of São Paulo. Among the proposals, models which attempt to describe, prescribe and represent aspects that can contribute to improving the integration between PD and PPC are presented, as well as a set of steps to be followed to achieve the process of improving the functional integration. It is expected that the results will contribute to a better understanding of the factors that enable a better integration between PD and PPC in this type of company as well as creating knowledge to the researched theories lines related to the topic and contribute to the management of the studied companies.
A interpretação de Mário Pedrosa sobre a revolução de 1930 e o golpe de 1964
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-20)
Vilas Boas, Josnei Di Carlo
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6596679458742578
This dissertation aims to grasp the interpretation of Mario Pedrosa (1900-1981) about the Revolution of 1930 and the Coup of 1964 and understand its orientation to political action in opposition to the regime established by Getulio Vargas in the thirties and the Army in sixty. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, this research focuses on two moments of intellectual production of Pedrosa, the essay Esboço de uma análise da situação econômica e social do Brasil, drafted with Livio Xavier during the Revolution of 1930, and the books A opção imperialista and A opção brasileira, whose writing started soon after the Coup of 1964.
Efeitos epigenéticos sobre a diferenciação in vitro de mioblastos e a expressão dos genes CAST e CAPN1 em bovinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-20)
Oliveira, Alexandre de Lima
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Niciura, Simone Cristina Méo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3269530126090378
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643241588175829
Epigenetics can be defined as the study of heritable changes in phenotype without the occurrence of changes in nucleotide sequence. Epigenetic modifications occur by the chemical changes in DNA and their associated proteins, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, respectively. Meat tenderness is a trait of great interest worldwide, resulting in the development of the beef livestock sector to produce meat of quality. It is worth to highlight the role of the calpain/calpastatin system on tenderness. Calpain encoded by the CAPN1 gene plays a role in proteolysis posmortem by cleaving proteins from muscle fiber. The calpastatin encoded by the CAST gene, on the other hand, acts controlling this cleavage by blocking the action of calpain. In addition, this system is also involved in myoblast differentiation into myotubes during embryogenesis. This system controls the proteolysis of proteins that constitute the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane. To mimic the myotube formation during embryogenesis and to study the epigenetic control of CAPN1 and CAST gene expression, satellite cell cultures established from bovine muscle were kept undifferentiated (negative control) or were induced to differentiate by incubation with culture medium containing 2% fetal bovine serum in the absence (positive control) or after treatment with epigenetic modifiers like 5-Aza- 2'-deoxycytidine (Aza, DNA demethylating) for 48 h at 10 μM, and Trichostatin A (TSA, histone acetylating) for 24 h at 50 nM. The results showed no differences (p>0.05) in myoblast rate fusion between Aza, TSA and positive control groups, but there were differences (p>0.05) when these groups were compared to the negative control, which showed lower fusion rates. There was no difference (p>0.05) in cell viability among the four groups, showing that Aza and TSA were not cytotoxic at the used concentrations. Concerning the gene expression, the gene CAST was more expressed (p<0,05) in the positive control group than the negative one; but no differences were seen in the expression (p>0,05) between positive control, 5-Aza-2 - deoxycytidine and Trichostatin A groups. For the CAPN1 gene, no difference was seen in the expression (p>0,05) between negative and positive control groups, but the CAPN1 gene was more expressed (p<0,05) in the 5-Aza-2 -deoxycytidine and Trichostatin A treatments relative to the positive control group. When the expression ratio of CAPN1/CAST were compared between treatments, was seen more expression (p<0,05) in the positive control group both comparing with negative control group and with 5-Aza-2 -deoxycytidine and Trichostatin A treatments. We may conclude that the treatments with the epigenetic modifier agents didn't affect both the bovine myoblast differentiation into myotubes and the CAST gene expression, but did in the CAPN1 gene expression and so did in the expression ratio of CAPN1/CAST.
Análise foliar de plantas por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma induzido por laser (LIBS) e com plasma acoplado indutivamente após ablação com laser (LA-ICP OES)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-20)
Gomes, Marcos da Silva
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Krug, Francisco José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462034099753487
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6690089613051332
It has been demonstrated that laser induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) can be used as an alternative method for the determination of macro (P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) in pellets of plant materials. However, information is required regarding the sample preparation for plant analysis by LIBS. In this work, methods involving cryogenic grinding and planetary ball milling were evaluated for leaves comminution before pellets preparation. The particle sizes were associated to chemical sample properties such as fiber and cellulose contents, as well as to pellets porosity and density. The pellets were ablated at 30 different sites by applying 25 laser pulses per site (Nd:YAG@1064 nm, 5 ns, 10 Hz, 25 J cm-2). The plasma emission collected by lenses was directed through an optical fiber towards a high resolution Echelle spectrometer equipped with an ICCD. Delay time and integration time gate were fixed at 2.0 and 4.5 μs, respectively. Experiments carried out with pellets of sugarcane, orange tree and soy leaves showed a significant effect of the plant species for choosing the most appropriate grinding conditions. By using ball milling with agate materials, 20 min grinding for orange tree and soy, and 60 min for sugarcane leaves led to particle size distributions generally lower than 75 μm. Cryogenic grinding yielded similar particle size distributions after 10 min for orange tree, 20 min for soy and 30 min for sugarcane leaves. There was up to 50% emission signal enhancement on LIBS measurements for most elements by improving particle size distribution and consequently the pellet porosity. Calibration is still a challenging task when dealing with the direct analysis of solids. This is particularly true for LIBS, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma optical xix emission spectrometry (LA-ICP OES) / mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), when the calibrations are matrix-dependent and/or appropriate certified reference materials are generally not available. Looking at the analysis of plant materials in the form of pressed pellets by LIBS, a new method to overcome and/or minimize this difficulty is proposed by keeping the matrix constant in order to produce matrix-matched calibration pellets. To achieve this goal and to test this novel approach, ground sugar cane leaves were chosen and submitted to acid extractions for obtaining the corresponding blank or a material containing very low concentrations of the analytes. The resulting dried solid material was used either as a blank or a low concentration standard, and also homogeneously mixed with the original plant material at appropriate ratios as well. The corresponding pellets were used as calibration standards and ablated at 30 different sites by applying 25 laser pulses per site with a Q-switched Nd:YAG at 1064 nm. The plasma emission collected by lenses was directed through an optical fiber towards a spectrometer equipped with Echelle optics and intensified charge-coupled device. Delay time and integration time gate were fixed at 2.0 and 5.0 μs, respectively. This calibration strategy was tested for the determination of Ca, Mg, K, P, Cu, Mn, and Zn by LIBS in pellets of 17 varieties of sugar cane leaves and good correlations were obtained with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry results in the corresponding acid digests. The proposed approach was also useful to estimate the limits of detection based on measurements of blanks, as recommended by IUPAC, or with the aid of a low concentration standard. The utility of LA-ICP OES for the determination of macro- (Ca, K, P and Mg) and micronutrients (B, Mn, Fe and Zn) in plant materials is reported, for the first time. Plant leaves of orange citrus, soy and sugar cane were ground in a cutting mill and further homogenized using a high-speed ball mill for between 5 to 120 min to investigate the effect of particle size diameter on the element signal emission intensities for the analytical method. The samples were pressed into pellets for 5 min at 0.3 ton cm-2 and ablated as 10 replicates by applying 500 laser pulses per replicate. Although particle size did decrease as total mill time increased, the difference in distribution did not have a significant statistical influence on the results. The best sensitivity and precision were observed by using a fluence of 9.0 J cm-2 for the LA-ICP OES at 10 Hz. The calibration strategy was based on the use of different certified reference materials prior to pelletizing and to create calibration curves, while Sc was generally used as an internal standard in the matrix to account for any differences in laser-material interactions. Typical precision and accuracy values were determined to be <6% and 8%. Limits of detection were determined to be ~ 14 mg kg-1 Ca, 94 mg kg-1 K, 5.0 mg kg-1 Mg, 10 mg kg-1 P, 0.2 mg kg-1 B, 0.8 mg kg-1 Fe, 2.0 mg kg-1 Mn and 0.1 mg kg-1 Zn, resulting in a method that is fit for the purpose of the analysis of macro- and micro nutrients in plant material.
Complexos de rutênio com ligantes de interesse biológico: aspectos químicos, estruturais e avaliação de suas atividades biológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-20)
Corrêa, Rodrigo de Souza
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9747718970743175
This thesis focus on the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the biological properties of three series of phosphinic ruthenium complexes containing bioligands of purine and pyrimidine derivatives. Series 1: [RuCl(alo)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6, [RuCl(alo)(dppb)(bipy)] Cl, [RuCl(alo)(dppb)(4mebipy)]PF6, [RuCl(alo)(dppb)(5mebipy)]PF6, [RuCl(Im) (dppb)(bipy)]PF6, [RuCl(Bzm)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6, [RuCl2(alo)2(dppb)], [RuCl2(alo)2 (PPh3)2] and [RuCl3(alo)(dppb)], where alo = allopurinol, Im = imidazole, benzimidazole Bzm =, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, 4mebipy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2 '-bipyridine, 5mebipy = 5,5'-dimethyl-2, 2'- bipyridine, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine and dppb = 1,4-bis (diphenylphosphino)butane. Series 2: [Ru(tim)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 and [Ru(cit)(dppb)(bipy)]ClO4, trans- [Ru(PPh3)2(5FU)(bipy)]PF6, trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(tim) (bipy)]PF6 and trans- [Ru(PPh3)2(CTD)(bipy)]ClO4, where tim = thymine, cit = cytosine, 5-FU = 5-fluorouracil, CTD = cytidine . Series 3: cis-[Ru(PPh3)2(2TU)2], cis-[Ru(PPh3)2(6m2TU)2], [Ru(2TU)2(dppb)] and [Ru(6m2TU)2(dppb )], trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(2TU)(bipy)]PF6 and trans- [Ru(PPh3)2(6m2TU)(bipy)]PF6, [Ru(2MT)(dppb) (bipy)]PF6, cis-[Ru(PPh3)2(2MT)2] and trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(2MT)(bipy)]PF6. (2TU = 2-thiouracil; 6m2TU = 6-methyl-2-thiouracil, 2MT = mercaptothiazoline). These compounds were characterized by 31P{1H} 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse, conductometry, absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and Xray diffraction, and absorption spectroscopy in the UV/Vis which has assisted the spectroscopic study of DNA interactions. The interaction constants (Kb) values are in the range of 103-104 M-1, suggesting a weak interaction between the complex and DNA (noncovalent). Cationic compounds with regions suitable to be involved hydrogen bonding present greater interaction constant (104 M-1) than the neutral complexes and with less possibility of intermolecular bonds. The complexes were also evaluated, in vitro, against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), as well as fibroblasts cells (L-929). It was observed that the compounds of the series 1 and 2 are more selective against tumor cells than the complexes of series 3. In addition, the compounds of series 1 were also tested against xanthine oxidase, an enzyme which is directly involved in the gout disease. The complexes RuCl(alo)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 (IC50 = 2.2 μM), [RuCl(alo)(dppb)(4mebipy)]PF6 (IC50 = 2.8 μM) and [RuCl(alo)(dppb)(5mebipy)]PF6 (IC50 = 0.75 μM) are more active than free allopurinol (IC50 = 4.2 μM), showing that the coordination of allopurinol enhances the effect of the drug. Also, series 1 and compounds with 2MT were evaluated against the T. cruzi parasite (trypomastigote) in order to screening their potential against Chagas' disease. The [RuCl(alo)(dppb)(4mebipy)]PF6 (IC50 = 1.87 μM), [Ru(2MT)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 (IC50 = 0.16 μM) and trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(2MT)(bipy)]PF6 (IC50 = 0.011 μM) complexes were the most active ones, in which the last one is 1000-fold better than the benznidazole drug (IC50 = 10.6 μM).
Simplificação do processo de conversão de biomassa a etanol usando enzimas do meio fermentado integral de fungos filamentosos cultivados por fermentação em estado sólido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-20)
Pirota, Rosangela Donizete Perpetua Buzon
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621492074206110
The main challenge on the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels is the economic viability of this process. Thus, the commercialization of lignocellulosic ethanol is hindered mainly by the high costs of the enzyme preparations currently available cellulases - enzymes used in the saccharification step. Some strategies that can be adopted to reduce the enzymes costs include selecting microorganisms, use of cheaper raw materials and more efficient fermentation strategies such as the solid state fermentation (SSF) and efficient techniques for saccharification and fermentation. The aim this work was evaluate the use of the whole fermentation medium containing lignocellulosic biomass, fungal mycelium and enzymes in the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by steam explosion for cellulosic ethanol production. In this context, a selection of filamentous fungi highly producing cellulases and hemicellulases, optimization operating conditions, such as humidity and temperature, were carried out for in house enzyme production using an instrumented bioreactor. Then, the efficiency of the whole fermentation medium and enzyme extract in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for cellulosic ethanol production was evaluated. Among the 40 fungal strains evaluated, two strains of A. oryzae (P6B2 and P27C3A) stood out. In addition, one strain of A. niger 3T5B8 and another of T. reesei RUT C30 were also evaluated in this study. The influence of the substrate initial moisture content and temperature on efficiency of cellulase and xylanase production by strains of A. oryzae, A. niger and T. reesei grown in SSF under conditions of forced aeration and static were evaluated. The initial moisture content of the substrate did not affect the production of cellulases and xylanases by strain of A. oryzae P27C3A, however higher moisture was better for enzyme production by strains of A. oryzae P6B2 and A. niger and lower moisture were better for the production of cellulases and xylanases by T. reesei in both cultive systems. Temperature 28°C was best for xylanase production by all the fungal strains, while higher temperatures was better cellulases production in both culture systems. The use of whole fermented medium of A. niger or T. reesei obtained in the bioreactor were better in the hydrolysis sugarcane bagasse pretreated by steam explosion (BPSE) than the enzymatic extract with a final conversion of 41.3 and 24.9% of theoretical, respectively. The combination of whole fermentation medium of strains of A. oryzae (P6B2 or P27C3A) obtained in flasks and ½ commercial enzyme hydrolysis also were efficient on BPSE hydrolysis (26.1 and 42.4% of theoretical, respectively). Nevertheless, the combination of whole fermented medium of A. oryzae P6B2 and enzymatic extract of A. niger obtained in flasks promoted a conversion of 65% and an ethanol yield of 84% of the theoretical value. As overall conclusion it was found that the use of whole fermented medium produced by fungi cultivated under solid state fermentation (SSF) in the BPSE hydrolysis resulted in similar or higher yields compared to the hydrolysis using the enzyme extract, giving clear indication that the extraction/filtration step of the enzyme can be eliminated. The use of the enzyme complex of A. oryzae P6B2 in combination with the enzymes of A. niger resulted in a BPSE hydrolysis more efficient when compared with other combinations, showing the importance of selecting microorganisms for high enzymes production. Moreover, the use of a single reactor system for performing enzyme production steps by SSF, saccharification and alcoholic fermentation may be performed, avoiding the need for steps separation.
Aplicação de técnicas de modelagem e simulação para a produção de etanol de segunda geração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-20)
Montaño, Inti Doraci Cavalcanti
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8547423775951223
The use of fossil fuels has a significant impact on the environment, making biofuels a renewable and friendly alternative. Brazil, as one of the leading producers of sugar and ethanol, generates as main residue sugar cane bagasse, which is usually burned for power generation. However, this biomass can be reused as raw material for the production of second generation bioethanol (2G). The consolidation of the industrial production of second-generation (2G) bioethanol relies on the improvement of the economics of the process. Thus, it is important the use of both the fermentable fractions present in sugarcane bagasse, cellulose (C6) and hemicellulose (C5), for the economically feasible process. Within this general scope, the second chapter of this thesis addresses one aspect that impacts the costs of the biochemical route for producing 2G bioethanol: defining optimal operational policies for the reactor running the enzymatic hydrolysis of the C6 biomass fraction. A simple Michaelis Menten pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model with product inhibition was used in the dynamic modeling of a fed-bath reactor, and two feeding policies were implemented and validated in bench-scale reactors processing pre-treated sugarcane bagasse. The first policy was defined with the purpose of sustaining high rates of glucose production, adding enzyme (Accellerase® 1500) and substrate simultaneously during the reaction course. The second approach applied classical optimal control theory, for determining optimal substrate feeding profiles, in order to maximize the performance index proposed. Economical criteria were used for comparing the reactor performance operating in successive batches and in fed-batch modes. Fed-batch mode was less sensitive to enzyme prices than successive batches. Process intensification in the fed-batch reactor led to final glucose concentrations around 200 g/L. The third chapter, in turn, focuses on the xylose utilization, the main sugar found in the C5 fraction, for fermentation to ethanol by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although this yeast is not capable of fermenting xylose, it is able to ferment D-xylulose obtained by isomerisation of xylose by glucose isomerase enzyme, generating ethanol and/or xylitol as the main products. The optimization of ethanol production requires the analysis of the metabolism of xylulose. In this context, the genome-scale metabolic model iND750 was adjusted. In silico experiments were carried out using the software OptFlux and compared with experimental data of batch cultivation of S. cerevisiae, in order to validate the model and establishing relationships between fluxes of assimilating xylulose and oxygen and selectivity in the production of ethanol compared to xylitol. Experiments of simultaneous isomerization and fermentation (SIF) of xylose were carried out in a continuous bioreactor containing alginate pellets as biocatalyst with enzyme glucose isomerase and S. cerevisiae coimobilizated. Final concentrations of 6 g/L of ethanol and 5 g/L of xylitol were achieved in continuous cultivation.
Conversing learning: applying the wisdom of crowds to assist never ending learning tasks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-21)
Pedro, Saulo Domingos de Souza
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Hruschka Júnior, Estevam Rafael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2097340857065853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4984413906818753
In Machine Learning systems we often apply techniques are often applied to learn about real world problems behavior from data. Traditionally, such data comes from instances of datasets (that represents the target problem) which we want to learn from. This approach has been broadly used in many different application domains such as recommending systems, meteorological prediction, medical diagnosis, etc. The recent years of quick development of communications technology, that made the Internet faster and available, made possible the acquisition of information to feed a growing number of Machine Learning applications and, in addition, brought light to the use of human computation and crowdsourcing approaches commonly applied to problems that are easy for human but difficult for computers. Thus, the Social Web has been the focus of many research in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. In this work we want to show how we can take advantage from the Social Web to add value to Machine Learning systems which can actively and autonomously ask for web users help to improve learning performance. This work proposes a model of learning called Conversing Learning that is is based on both, Active Learning and Interactive Learning, and is intended to allow machines to convert its knowledge base into human understandable content and then, actively and autonomously ask people (Web users) to take part into the knowledge acquisition (and labeling) process. The work presents how to apply Conversing Learning tasks to assist Machine Learning tasks, and discusses the success of experiments exploring the subtleties of this model.
Concretos refratários nanoligados para aplicação em unidades de craqueamento catalítico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-24)
Prestes, Eduardo
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1368771700565653
In the petrochemical industry gasoline and LPG are produced in the fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). The cracking occurs by the contact of crude oil with fluidized fine particles of a ceramic catalyst. The process profitability is strongly related to a reduced number of the FCCU maintenance halts. In this sense, the refractory material performance is a key factor to increase the equipment working life. Nowadays, in the refractory market, castables specially designed for FCCU are not common. One aspect that induces this scenario is the difficulty to attain optimized properties in the temperature range compatible with the process conditions, not above 900ºC. One alternative to solve this problem is the addition of nanometric size particles in the castables composition. This can be carried out by replacing calcium aluminate cement (CAC) by colloidal silica. The high specific surface area provides an increase in the system reactivity, resulting in high mechanical resistance during the refractory firing step. Another possibility is the use of sintering additives which can help the densification at low temperatures. The synergism between nanoparticles reactivity and sintering effectiveness allows the development of high-performance nanobonded antierosive castables. In this context, colloidal silica bonded castables containing tabular alumina, fused silica or mullite grog and specific sintering additives were designed for FCCU riser application. Compared with the commercial reference products currently used by Brazilian petrochemical industry, the nanobonded materials presented superior performance for the main usual properties. Based on this novel technology an innovative mullite grog self-flow castable was developed. This material associates an intermediate apparent density value, between the tabular alumina and fused silica ones, with a low thermal conductivity and high thermal shock resistance.
Estudo da influência dos parâmetros de síntese na preparação de nanopartículas de óxidos magnéticos de ferro por rota solvotérmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-24)
Silva, Fernando Barbosa de Freitas
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659989494449396
This work presents the development and the optimization of the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxides by the solvothermal method with benzyl alcohol using iron chlorides as metallic precursors in substitution to the iron (III) acetylacetonate, an expensive organometallic reagent an usually less available in laboratories. The synthesis parameters were studied and varied in order to obtain the higher possible yield of magnetite. During the synthesis optimization the necessity of a reducing agent to provide the charge balance of the magnetite s structure and the metallic iron, in a defined concentration, was used for this purpose. Furthermore, the use of urea as a precipitation agent was crucial to the increase in yield of magnetite once it decreased the acidity of the medium and induced the precipitation of the Fe2+ ions. The time of solvothermal method was also evaluated and it could be noticed that bigger times of solvothermal treatment lead to the increase in yield of magnetite, whose formation process follows the Ostwald rule, considering the stability of the phases in the set of conditions applied. Images of transmission electronic microscopy confirmed the nanometric scale of the particles. The polymerization of the benzyl alcohol was also studied to a better comprehension of the synthesis.
As frações que o ladrilhamento revela
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-24)
Ribeiro, Adevanilde Batagin Martins
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Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685
This dissertation presents the follow-up of the study of fractions by means of a square lattice, with the variation of molds. The trial is based on interactive work, which provides the cognitive breakthrough of the whole group. Traces a trajectory of the fraction, within the history of mathematics with the evolution to the present day presents some guidelines and methodological indications for teaching fractions. The guiding this research question is: How to identify and deal with the questions that arise during the resolution of situations where students are unable to apply the concepts of fractions, already experienced in their previous school life? In an attempt to resolve the issue of research, was set the goal of research is to provide an intervention that would change for the better the students ' contact with the issues involving the knowledge related to the ideas of ordinary fractions. The research work was Didactic Engineering methodology, was developed in the classroom, through a didactic sequence consisting of two sequences of activities: the Pentaminos game and the Lattice. With this speech, is expected to meet the goal of guiding research and answer the research question.
Almas integradas: Política educacional, Educação Moral e Cívica e formação do cidadão na ditadura militar (Brasil-1964/1974)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-25)
Santos, Marcelo Gonzaga dos
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Rothen, José Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0382495437104833
Completed nearly half a century to the advent of the military coup, it is necessary to the resumption of a reflection on the impact of the military regime in the Brazilian education. Although the conquest of the State of democratic law have achieved more than twenty years, the legacy of the military dictatorship educational public policy and, even, about the social imaginary is still present. Some brands of the impact of the military regime in Brazilian education are, even today, Government speeches and us candied policy proposals of attendance at educational demands, such as: the linking of public education to the interests and needs of the market; investment in the private sector and encouraging voluntarism, to meet the responsibility of the State; the quantitative expansion of public education, with compromised quality and low cost for the Government; imposing the use of materials and teaching resources by the State; and the disqualification of teachers. The purpose of this study is, through the authoritarian political discourse on education and its embodiment in public policy, understand how the implementation of moral discipline and civic. The main source of this research is the magazine Documents, Official Journal of the federal Government. Starting from the analysis of laws, decrees, opinions, speeches and articles published in the magazine Documents, seeks to understand the implementation of public policies aimed at educational and Civic Moral education. Knowing of the legacy that the authoritarian State left for the Brazilian society, is considered essential to revisit some aspects of educational policy deployed during this period, because the more we understand the past, more clearly sees this.
Diagnóstico da sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas: bairros rurais e assentamentos de reforma agrária do município de Araras, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-25)
Cunha, Cristiano Pereira da
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Costa, Manoel Baltasar Baptista da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4748534388515487
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7158676056672680
This work presents the results of the research on agriculture in Araras city, São Paulo, Brazil. It aims to assess evaluation of sustainability of agroecossystems in territories of familiar farmers and to identify their impacts, demands and alternatives to overcome the identified problems. MESMIS methodology and research-action were, simultaneously and complementary, used to investigate them. The first, while consolidated procedure to evaluate agroecossystems sustainability; the second, as farmers and researchers identified problems and implemented actions in order to minimize or overcome them. Longitudinal analysis of agriculture evolution is based on data by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística from 1960 to 2006 and from Censitary Mapping of Agropecuary Productive Areas of São Paulo State 2007/2008. Transversal analysis refer to 81 evaluated agroecossystems in territories of São Bento district and region, Caio Prado district and Araras 2, 3, 4 and 5 rural settlements, evaluated for economic, sociocultural and productive dimensions. The agricultural pattern revealed for districts is predominantly characterized by specialization in permanent monocultures such as avocado and citriculture, intensive use of machinery, basically operated by familiar workforce; and dependent on external inputs. Rural settlements represent return to life in rural environment, strategies used by traditional familiar farmers are different from those of district farmers, with production of subsistence cultures (manioc, corn, bean), horticultural products and animal breeding. For evaluated territories, selfconsumption is prevalent among settled familiar farmers. Direct viii commercialization and difficulty to access machinery and inputs are determinant factors in defining settled familiar farmers as preferred beneficiaries for public policy focusing on agroecology.
Esporte como política pública: um estudo sobre o processo de formulação da política de esporte no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-25)
Carvalho, César Machado
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8223809826274658
When sport was implemented in Brazil conceding everyone s right, governmental actions started incurring in sports field aiming the provision of the democratization, autonomy and liberty. Such fact favors the overcoming of the traditional corporatist sport policy present in previous policy contexts. The Brazil s democratic context enables the sport policy to conform a new standard of sport public policymaking. Thereby, our study assumes that the alternation of the public regime enabled significant changes in the standard of sport public policymaking. Thus, our objective of study focuses on analysis key elements: ideas, actors and institutions which influence on the process of sport public policymaking in the time range that involves the sport constitutionalization in 1988 until the creation of the Ministry of Sport in 2003.The objective is to analyze the incidence of ideas, policy actors and governmental institutions surrounding the sport policy brought by the changes in the policy system, and the indications in the sport policymaking until the creation of the Ministry of Sport. To carry out this study, we based ourselves on the conceptual and methodological approach to the public policy, the Punctuated-Equilibrium Theory, which uses the structure of policy ideas and subsystems (actors and institutions) in order to investigate long periods of public policy stability and policy abrupt changes.
Análise foucaultiana na organização de documentos na web
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-25)
Santos, Flávia Vieira da Silva
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Gaspar, Nádea Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4952307421175266
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461352184631740
In 1966, began several comments about the possibility of the death of Paul McCartney, The Beatles band member allegedly occurred in a car accident. This event went beyond the scope of the comments sparse, took shape in various media and entered the scientific field. The objective was to understand aspects of the discourse theory, as proposed by Michel Foucault, applying it in web texts in view the need of organizing collections in the field of Information Science. As a sample, we apply some of the principles of this theory in a corpus of artistic imprint, and analyze texts found on the web from the statement "death of Paul McCartney." Therefore, we adopted the Foucault´s concepts Science and Knowledge , Comment and Archive . The mobilization of the Foucault´s theory allowed the description of the documents correlates and composed a specific discursive archive on the subject, coming from various genres, media and materiality. As a result, the discursive archive presented in this work, such as sampling, on the theme death of Paul McCartney , was represented by infographic, showing the relationships among multiple documents. From the discussions undertaken around the field of Discourse Analysis of Foucault and some parameters of how information have been made available on the web with subsidies arising from theories of Information Science was still possible to trace relationships aiming possibilities of this science is to bolster also in Discourse Analysis of Foucault, in search of a new way to analyze, organize and make available content on the web universe.
Colaboração na gestão da cadeia de hortifrúti: um estudo sobre o relacionamento fornecedor-varejo supermercadista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-25)
Moura, Karina Sacilotto de
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1302204427735909
In market relations, there are several ways for agents to negotiate with each other, since open market negotiations, purely transactional, to relationships characterized by building partnerships or alliances. Therefore, an alternative is collaboration. In the context of supply chain management, collaboration among members of the same chain refers to the idea of organizations engaged in working together. On the other hand, the collaborative approach should not be adopted between the organization and all the agents with whom interacts, must choose well, for different types of collaborative relationships, according to their actual needs and to save own resources. Thus, some authors classify the types of relationships in the supply chain according to level of collaboration among the agents, and are commonly found in the literature three stages of relationship, namely: cooperation, coordination and collaboration. To identify each of these stages has a distinct set of enhancer elements and actions, these characteristics that have been raised in this study based on systematic literature review. Additionally, it was identified examples of motivating factors for companies to engage in conduct collaborative. It is worth noting that the chain studied here is of the fruits and vegetables. Described this context, the main objective of this dissertation is to characterize the different stages of the collaborative relationship between supplier of fruits and vegetables and supermarket retail chains. The method used in this study corresponds a multi case study, which examined the relationships between a supplier of fruits and vegetables and five retail supermarkets, his customers. As a result, it was identified different stages of collaborative relationship between the supplier in question and each of the retailers surveyed, for the cases studied exhibited distinct sets of characteristics in terms of elements and actions. Regarding the motivation for these companies feel encouraged to develop and maintain collaborative relationships, a set of factors was found to be the same for all relationships investigated and examples of incentives are: to ensure product availability; reduce the impact of out-of-stocks (unavailability of product) in the retail market; reduce physical losses of product; increase sales and; customer loyalty when buying fruits and vegetables in store supermarket. Therefore, through this study, it was obtained drivers capable of guiding suppliers and supermarket stores in search of collaborative management for the chain of fruits and vegetables, highlighting the opportunities associated with improving the availability of the product at shelf, thereby ensuring a better customer service.
Estudo da atividade eletrocatalítica de multicamadas metálicas de Ir/Pt e Cu/Pt eletrodepositadas sobre Pt(policristalina) para eletrooxidação de moléculas orgânicas pequenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-26)
Antunes, Ettore Paredes
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5717478112353570
The search for alternative energy sources stead fossil fuel has driven the development of new energy generating devices. Among these, the Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells are a kind of device that directly convert chemical energy into electricity from short chain alcohols. However, it is necessary to develop electrodes with high catalytic activity. Several materials composed by Pt have been proposed in the literature in different metallic binary and tertiary compositions Metallic Multilayer (MM) systems. In this dissertation, were fabricated MM electrodes containing deposits of thin alternating layers of Ir/Pt, PtIr/Pt and Cu/Pt, all above Pt polycrystalline by chronoamperometry. We have used the technique of Factorial Design for screening the following variables: intermediate and external layers thickness and composition of the intermediate layers. For the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol, the structure that showed the highest electrocatalytic effect was Pt/Ir3.0/Pt3.0 (3.0 is the thickness of each layer in monolayers) that shows an increase of peak current density of 175% and lower activation energy about 26.2 kJ mol-1. Electrooxidation was monitored by FTIR in situ and was observed an increase of 255% on CO production of species during electrooxidation and anticipation in the process of formation of CO2 by 100 mV. The proposed structures for Cu/Pt MM were not formed, which was confirmed by AFM images, but clustered in grain, and the electrode Pt/Cu1,5/Pt9,0 grew by 78% in the peak current density in the electrooxidation methanol and also shift 200 mV to cathodic potentials in CO electrooxidation. Although these studies have not reached a definitive explanation, though the results were added to the dissertation.
Singularidade e universalidade em A interpretação dos sonhos, de Sigmund Freud
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-26)
Mattos, André Santana
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Monzani, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036732603638197
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0371831964052713
In The interpretation of dreams, Freud presents a rich material of dream analyses, which is articulated with the establishment of general theses about the dream, leading into the metapsychological formulations about the psychic apparatus carried out in the seventh and last chapter. With the purpose of investigating the relations between singularity and universality that are characterized in the book, we have distinguished, among these three epistemic planes, two moments where it is constituted, in which one of them, a relation between two of those planes. In the first moment, we have analyzed the relation that finds itself in the domain between one dream and all dreams, i.e., between the detailed analysis of a singular dream and the general theses about the dream. We have identified that in the articulation between these two terms Freud makes use of the profound analysis of singular cases, taken as exemplar cases that present more clearly a determinate general characteristic of dream, but he also extends himself in brief analyses of various dreams, dwelling on the plurality of experience that articulates itself to a general thesis. In a second moment we have analyzed the relations that are at stake when we take the dream as one psychic formation among others, establishing epistemic relations with the psychopathological formations and with the psychic apparatus, which should be responsible for all psychic formations. While Freud initially intends to base the explication of psychopathological formations in the explication of dream, this epistemic order is inverted, in so far as it is based on the psychology of neurosis that he is going to justify the universality of the presence of the infantile desire on dream. In the same way, while a first reading that tried to understand the schema of the psychic apparatus only based on the interpretation of dreams would find its limit, it is necessary to recognize that there is a reciprocal subordination between the interpretation and the metapsychological explanation, as asserted by Monzani.
O ensino-aprendizagem de probabilidade em uma escola pública de Sorocaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-27)
Canaveze, Leila
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0524706686441957
This qualitative work aims to describe and analyze a scenario of teachinglearning of the concept of Probability in three classes of the second grade of high school, a public school in the municipality of Sorocaba, State São Paulo. The look on this scenario of investigation was guided by the following research question: as occurs the teaching and learning in a context of tasks involving different probabilistic conceptions? For to answer this problem we developed a research field work where the researcher also played the role of teacher of such survey classes. With the help of the theory of semiotic representation records, analysis of the fieldwork revealed that the need to emphasize to students, through the application of tasks, the need for an adequate appropriation of terms pertinent to probabilistic language. The term that generated conflict in terms of meaning was the word luck. The option for minimizing the use of formulas has meant that students should use natural language and numerical registry as predominant forms of express written protocols of its activities. The use of products from records such as tree diagram and double-entry table had a supporting role in students ' writing process, getting restricted to set out the tasks explicitly demanded the student's activity using such forms of expression; or by the encouragement of a teacher-researcher. The educational intervention in support of the mobilization of different forms of semiotic registers, as the theoretical assumption of Raymond Duval, contributed to the learning of the concept of probability.
Avaliação da compatibilidade entre Y-TZP e BICUVOX para obtenção de compósitos condutores de íons de oxigênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-27)
Piva, Roger Honorato
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0515321727144523
The BICUVOX is a potential candidate for devices that require materials with high ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures. However, deficiencies such as low mechanical resistance and thermodynamic stability in reducing atmospheres have been introducing unsolved obstacles for technological appliance of this material. Unlike BICUVOX, the Y-TZP phase presents high mechanical resistance and high stability under reducing atmospheres. However, it does not display high ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures. In this work we studied the compatibility between the BICUVOX and Y-TZP for the development of composites oxygen ion conductors. The composites were prepared by liquid phase and solid-state sintering. All characteristics were determined by XRD, SEM, DSC, diametral compression, impedance spectroscopy and treatments in H2 atmosphere. Using the BICUVOX as liquid phase additive, destabilization of tetragonal zirconia and formation of YVO4 take place. However, the solid state sintering enables the development of dense composite with up to 26% of Y-TZP. The composite with 26% of Y-TZP exhibited α = 10.10-6 ºC-1, which is a lower value than the one found for the BICUVOX, in addition to 144% higher mechanical resistance than for the BICUVOX. Also, for this composite a deleterious order-disorder transformation, γ ↔γ, was inhibited. All these improvements are attributed to the effect of Y-TZP both in the inhibition of grain growth, as well as in the preferential location among the grain boundaries of the BICUVOX matrix. However, the increase of grain boundaries and the Y-TZP as an additional phase, reduced the total electrical conductivity in composites. No resistance to γ-Bi4V1,8Cu0,2O10,7 phase decomposition was observed after exposure to H2. A general assessment indicates that the best properties are found in composite with 13 and 26% of Y-TZP, showing some improved properties in relation to each isolated materials.