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Concretos refratários nanoligados para aplicação em unidades de craqueamento catalítico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-24)
Prestes, Eduardo
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1368771700565653
In the petrochemical industry gasoline and LPG are produced in the fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). The cracking occurs by the contact of crude oil with fluidized fine particles of a ceramic catalyst. The process profitability is strongly related to a reduced number of the FCCU maintenance halts. In this sense, the refractory material performance is a key factor to increase the equipment working life. Nowadays, in the refractory market, castables specially designed for FCCU are not common. One aspect that induces this scenario is the difficulty to attain optimized properties in the temperature range compatible with the process conditions, not above 900ºC. One alternative to solve this problem is the addition of nanometric size particles in the castables composition. This can be carried out by replacing calcium aluminate cement (CAC) by colloidal silica. The high specific surface area provides an increase in the system reactivity, resulting in high mechanical resistance during the refractory firing step. Another possibility is the use of sintering additives which can help the densification at low temperatures. The synergism between nanoparticles reactivity and sintering effectiveness allows the development of high-performance nanobonded antierosive castables. In this context, colloidal silica bonded castables containing tabular alumina, fused silica or mullite grog and specific sintering additives were designed for FCCU riser application. Compared with the commercial reference products currently used by Brazilian petrochemical industry, the nanobonded materials presented superior performance for the main usual properties. Based on this novel technology an innovative mullite grog self-flow castable was developed. This material associates an intermediate apparent density value, between the tabular alumina and fused silica ones, with a low thermal conductivity and high thermal shock resistance.
Estudo da influência dos parâmetros de síntese na preparação de nanopartículas de óxidos magnéticos de ferro por rota solvotérmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-24)
Silva, Fernando Barbosa de Freitas
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659989494449396
This work presents the development and the optimization of the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxides by the solvothermal method with benzyl alcohol using iron chlorides as metallic precursors in substitution to the iron (III) acetylacetonate, an expensive organometallic reagent an usually less available in laboratories. The synthesis parameters were studied and varied in order to obtain the higher possible yield of magnetite. During the synthesis optimization the necessity of a reducing agent to provide the charge balance of the magnetite s structure and the metallic iron, in a defined concentration, was used for this purpose. Furthermore, the use of urea as a precipitation agent was crucial to the increase in yield of magnetite once it decreased the acidity of the medium and induced the precipitation of the Fe2+ ions. The time of solvothermal method was also evaluated and it could be noticed that bigger times of solvothermal treatment lead to the increase in yield of magnetite, whose formation process follows the Ostwald rule, considering the stability of the phases in the set of conditions applied. Images of transmission electronic microscopy confirmed the nanometric scale of the particles. The polymerization of the benzyl alcohol was also studied to a better comprehension of the synthesis.
As frações que o ladrilhamento revela
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-24)
Ribeiro, Adevanilde Batagin Martins
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Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685
This dissertation presents the follow-up of the study of fractions by means of a square lattice, with the variation of molds. The trial is based on interactive work, which provides the cognitive breakthrough of the whole group. Traces a trajectory of the fraction, within the history of mathematics with the evolution to the present day presents some guidelines and methodological indications for teaching fractions. The guiding this research question is: How to identify and deal with the questions that arise during the resolution of situations where students are unable to apply the concepts of fractions, already experienced in their previous school life? In an attempt to resolve the issue of research, was set the goal of research is to provide an intervention that would change for the better the students ' contact with the issues involving the knowledge related to the ideas of ordinary fractions. The research work was Didactic Engineering methodology, was developed in the classroom, through a didactic sequence consisting of two sequences of activities: the Pentaminos game and the Lattice. With this speech, is expected to meet the goal of guiding research and answer the research question.
Almas integradas: Política educacional, Educação Moral e Cívica e formação do cidadão na ditadura militar (Brasil-1964/1974)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-25)
Santos, Marcelo Gonzaga dos
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Rothen, José Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0382495437104833
Completed nearly half a century to the advent of the military coup, it is necessary to the resumption of a reflection on the impact of the military regime in the Brazilian education. Although the conquest of the State of democratic law have achieved more than twenty years, the legacy of the military dictatorship educational public policy and, even, about the social imaginary is still present. Some brands of the impact of the military regime in Brazilian education are, even today, Government speeches and us candied policy proposals of attendance at educational demands, such as: the linking of public education to the interests and needs of the market; investment in the private sector and encouraging voluntarism, to meet the responsibility of the State; the quantitative expansion of public education, with compromised quality and low cost for the Government; imposing the use of materials and teaching resources by the State; and the disqualification of teachers. The purpose of this study is, through the authoritarian political discourse on education and its embodiment in public policy, understand how the implementation of moral discipline and civic. The main source of this research is the magazine Documents, Official Journal of the federal Government. Starting from the analysis of laws, decrees, opinions, speeches and articles published in the magazine Documents, seeks to understand the implementation of public policies aimed at educational and Civic Moral education. Knowing of the legacy that the authoritarian State left for the Brazilian society, is considered essential to revisit some aspects of educational policy deployed during this period, because the more we understand the past, more clearly sees this.
Diagnóstico da sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas: bairros rurais e assentamentos de reforma agrária do município de Araras, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-25)
Cunha, Cristiano Pereira da
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Costa, Manoel Baltasar Baptista da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4748534388515487
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7158676056672680
This work presents the results of the research on agriculture in Araras city, São Paulo, Brazil. It aims to assess evaluation of sustainability of agroecossystems in territories of familiar farmers and to identify their impacts, demands and alternatives to overcome the identified problems. MESMIS methodology and research-action were, simultaneously and complementary, used to investigate them. The first, while consolidated procedure to evaluate agroecossystems sustainability; the second, as farmers and researchers identified problems and implemented actions in order to minimize or overcome them. Longitudinal analysis of agriculture evolution is based on data by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística from 1960 to 2006 and from Censitary Mapping of Agropecuary Productive Areas of São Paulo State 2007/2008. Transversal analysis refer to 81 evaluated agroecossystems in territories of São Bento district and region, Caio Prado district and Araras 2, 3, 4 and 5 rural settlements, evaluated for economic, sociocultural and productive dimensions. The agricultural pattern revealed for districts is predominantly characterized by specialization in permanent monocultures such as avocado and citriculture, intensive use of machinery, basically operated by familiar workforce; and dependent on external inputs. Rural settlements represent return to life in rural environment, strategies used by traditional familiar farmers are different from those of district farmers, with production of subsistence cultures (manioc, corn, bean), horticultural products and animal breeding. For evaluated territories, selfconsumption is prevalent among settled familiar farmers. Direct viii commercialization and difficulty to access machinery and inputs are determinant factors in defining settled familiar farmers as preferred beneficiaries for public policy focusing on agroecology.
Esporte como política pública: um estudo sobre o processo de formulação da política de esporte no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-25)
Carvalho, César Machado
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8223809826274658
When sport was implemented in Brazil conceding everyone s right, governmental actions started incurring in sports field aiming the provision of the democratization, autonomy and liberty. Such fact favors the overcoming of the traditional corporatist sport policy present in previous policy contexts. The Brazil s democratic context enables the sport policy to conform a new standard of sport public policymaking. Thereby, our study assumes that the alternation of the public regime enabled significant changes in the standard of sport public policymaking. Thus, our objective of study focuses on analysis key elements: ideas, actors and institutions which influence on the process of sport public policymaking in the time range that involves the sport constitutionalization in 1988 until the creation of the Ministry of Sport in 2003.The objective is to analyze the incidence of ideas, policy actors and governmental institutions surrounding the sport policy brought by the changes in the policy system, and the indications in the sport policymaking until the creation of the Ministry of Sport. To carry out this study, we based ourselves on the conceptual and methodological approach to the public policy, the Punctuated-Equilibrium Theory, which uses the structure of policy ideas and subsystems (actors and institutions) in order to investigate long periods of public policy stability and policy abrupt changes.
Análise foucaultiana na organização de documentos na web
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-25)
Santos, Flávia Vieira da Silva
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Gaspar, Nádea Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4952307421175266
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461352184631740
In 1966, began several comments about the possibility of the death of Paul McCartney, The Beatles band member allegedly occurred in a car accident. This event went beyond the scope of the comments sparse, took shape in various media and entered the scientific field. The objective was to understand aspects of the discourse theory, as proposed by Michel Foucault, applying it in web texts in view the need of organizing collections in the field of Information Science. As a sample, we apply some of the principles of this theory in a corpus of artistic imprint, and analyze texts found on the web from the statement "death of Paul McCartney." Therefore, we adopted the Foucault´s concepts Science and Knowledge , Comment and Archive . The mobilization of the Foucault´s theory allowed the description of the documents correlates and composed a specific discursive archive on the subject, coming from various genres, media and materiality. As a result, the discursive archive presented in this work, such as sampling, on the theme death of Paul McCartney , was represented by infographic, showing the relationships among multiple documents. From the discussions undertaken around the field of Discourse Analysis of Foucault and some parameters of how information have been made available on the web with subsidies arising from theories of Information Science was still possible to trace relationships aiming possibilities of this science is to bolster also in Discourse Analysis of Foucault, in search of a new way to analyze, organize and make available content on the web universe.
Colaboração na gestão da cadeia de hortifrúti: um estudo sobre o relacionamento fornecedor-varejo supermercadista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-25)
Moura, Karina Sacilotto de
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1302204427735909
In market relations, there are several ways for agents to negotiate with each other, since open market negotiations, purely transactional, to relationships characterized by building partnerships or alliances. Therefore, an alternative is collaboration. In the context of supply chain management, collaboration among members of the same chain refers to the idea of organizations engaged in working together. On the other hand, the collaborative approach should not be adopted between the organization and all the agents with whom interacts, must choose well, for different types of collaborative relationships, according to their actual needs and to save own resources. Thus, some authors classify the types of relationships in the supply chain according to level of collaboration among the agents, and are commonly found in the literature three stages of relationship, namely: cooperation, coordination and collaboration. To identify each of these stages has a distinct set of enhancer elements and actions, these characteristics that have been raised in this study based on systematic literature review. Additionally, it was identified examples of motivating factors for companies to engage in conduct collaborative. It is worth noting that the chain studied here is of the fruits and vegetables. Described this context, the main objective of this dissertation is to characterize the different stages of the collaborative relationship between supplier of fruits and vegetables and supermarket retail chains. The method used in this study corresponds a multi case study, which examined the relationships between a supplier of fruits and vegetables and five retail supermarkets, his customers. As a result, it was identified different stages of collaborative relationship between the supplier in question and each of the retailers surveyed, for the cases studied exhibited distinct sets of characteristics in terms of elements and actions. Regarding the motivation for these companies feel encouraged to develop and maintain collaborative relationships, a set of factors was found to be the same for all relationships investigated and examples of incentives are: to ensure product availability; reduce the impact of out-of-stocks (unavailability of product) in the retail market; reduce physical losses of product; increase sales and; customer loyalty when buying fruits and vegetables in store supermarket. Therefore, through this study, it was obtained drivers capable of guiding suppliers and supermarket stores in search of collaborative management for the chain of fruits and vegetables, highlighting the opportunities associated with improving the availability of the product at shelf, thereby ensuring a better customer service.
Estudo da atividade eletrocatalítica de multicamadas metálicas de Ir/Pt e Cu/Pt eletrodepositadas sobre Pt(policristalina) para eletrooxidação de moléculas orgânicas pequenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-26)
Antunes, Ettore Paredes
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5717478112353570
The search for alternative energy sources stead fossil fuel has driven the development of new energy generating devices. Among these, the Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells are a kind of device that directly convert chemical energy into electricity from short chain alcohols. However, it is necessary to develop electrodes with high catalytic activity. Several materials composed by Pt have been proposed in the literature in different metallic binary and tertiary compositions Metallic Multilayer (MM) systems. In this dissertation, were fabricated MM electrodes containing deposits of thin alternating layers of Ir/Pt, PtIr/Pt and Cu/Pt, all above Pt polycrystalline by chronoamperometry. We have used the technique of Factorial Design for screening the following variables: intermediate and external layers thickness and composition of the intermediate layers. For the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol, the structure that showed the highest electrocatalytic effect was Pt/Ir3.0/Pt3.0 (3.0 is the thickness of each layer in monolayers) that shows an increase of peak current density of 175% and lower activation energy about 26.2 kJ mol-1. Electrooxidation was monitored by FTIR in situ and was observed an increase of 255% on CO production of species during electrooxidation and anticipation in the process of formation of CO2 by 100 mV. The proposed structures for Cu/Pt MM were not formed, which was confirmed by AFM images, but clustered in grain, and the electrode Pt/Cu1,5/Pt9,0 grew by 78% in the peak current density in the electrooxidation methanol and also shift 200 mV to cathodic potentials in CO electrooxidation. Although these studies have not reached a definitive explanation, though the results were added to the dissertation.
Singularidade e universalidade em A interpretação dos sonhos, de Sigmund Freud
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-26)
Mattos, André Santana
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Monzani, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036732603638197
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0371831964052713
In The interpretation of dreams, Freud presents a rich material of dream analyses, which is articulated with the establishment of general theses about the dream, leading into the metapsychological formulations about the psychic apparatus carried out in the seventh and last chapter. With the purpose of investigating the relations between singularity and universality that are characterized in the book, we have distinguished, among these three epistemic planes, two moments where it is constituted, in which one of them, a relation between two of those planes. In the first moment, we have analyzed the relation that finds itself in the domain between one dream and all dreams, i.e., between the detailed analysis of a singular dream and the general theses about the dream. We have identified that in the articulation between these two terms Freud makes use of the profound analysis of singular cases, taken as exemplar cases that present more clearly a determinate general characteristic of dream, but he also extends himself in brief analyses of various dreams, dwelling on the plurality of experience that articulates itself to a general thesis. In a second moment we have analyzed the relations that are at stake when we take the dream as one psychic formation among others, establishing epistemic relations with the psychopathological formations and with the psychic apparatus, which should be responsible for all psychic formations. While Freud initially intends to base the explication of psychopathological formations in the explication of dream, this epistemic order is inverted, in so far as it is based on the psychology of neurosis that he is going to justify the universality of the presence of the infantile desire on dream. In the same way, while a first reading that tried to understand the schema of the psychic apparatus only based on the interpretation of dreams would find its limit, it is necessary to recognize that there is a reciprocal subordination between the interpretation and the metapsychological explanation, as asserted by Monzani.
O ensino-aprendizagem de probabilidade em uma escola pública de Sorocaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-27)
Canaveze, Leila
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0524706686441957
This qualitative work aims to describe and analyze a scenario of teachinglearning of the concept of Probability in three classes of the second grade of high school, a public school in the municipality of Sorocaba, State São Paulo. The look on this scenario of investigation was guided by the following research question: as occurs the teaching and learning in a context of tasks involving different probabilistic conceptions? For to answer this problem we developed a research field work where the researcher also played the role of teacher of such survey classes. With the help of the theory of semiotic representation records, analysis of the fieldwork revealed that the need to emphasize to students, through the application of tasks, the need for an adequate appropriation of terms pertinent to probabilistic language. The term that generated conflict in terms of meaning was the word luck. The option for minimizing the use of formulas has meant that students should use natural language and numerical registry as predominant forms of express written protocols of its activities. The use of products from records such as tree diagram and double-entry table had a supporting role in students ' writing process, getting restricted to set out the tasks explicitly demanded the student's activity using such forms of expression; or by the encouragement of a teacher-researcher. The educational intervention in support of the mobilization of different forms of semiotic registers, as the theoretical assumption of Raymond Duval, contributed to the learning of the concept of probability.
Avaliação da compatibilidade entre Y-TZP e BICUVOX para obtenção de compósitos condutores de íons de oxigênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-27)
Piva, Roger Honorato
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0515321727144523
The BICUVOX is a potential candidate for devices that require materials with high ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures. However, deficiencies such as low mechanical resistance and thermodynamic stability in reducing atmospheres have been introducing unsolved obstacles for technological appliance of this material. Unlike BICUVOX, the Y-TZP phase presents high mechanical resistance and high stability under reducing atmospheres. However, it does not display high ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures. In this work we studied the compatibility between the BICUVOX and Y-TZP for the development of composites oxygen ion conductors. The composites were prepared by liquid phase and solid-state sintering. All characteristics were determined by XRD, SEM, DSC, diametral compression, impedance spectroscopy and treatments in H2 atmosphere. Using the BICUVOX as liquid phase additive, destabilization of tetragonal zirconia and formation of YVO4 take place. However, the solid state sintering enables the development of dense composite with up to 26% of Y-TZP. The composite with 26% of Y-TZP exhibited α = 10.10-6 ºC-1, which is a lower value than the one found for the BICUVOX, in addition to 144% higher mechanical resistance than for the BICUVOX. Also, for this composite a deleterious order-disorder transformation, γ ↔γ, was inhibited. All these improvements are attributed to the effect of Y-TZP both in the inhibition of grain growth, as well as in the preferential location among the grain boundaries of the BICUVOX matrix. However, the increase of grain boundaries and the Y-TZP as an additional phase, reduced the total electrical conductivity in composites. No resistance to γ-Bi4V1,8Cu0,2O10,7 phase decomposition was observed after exposure to H2. A general assessment indicates that the best properties are found in composite with 13 and 26% of Y-TZP, showing some improved properties in relation to each isolated materials.
Efeitos do treinamento de força no músculo esquelético de ratos jovens e senis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-27)
Lopes, Giselle Nunes
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0104203971575071
Introduction: The skeletal muscle is the largest tissue present in vertebrates and is involved in locomotion, posture and breathing movements. It is composed of elongated, cylindrical and multinucleated muscle fibers with fat droplets in the sarcoplasma, known as intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) used as energy during exercise. Another source of energy used by the muscle is the carbohydrate stored in the body as glycogen, which is stored in the liver and muscle fibers. Muscle fibers are also surrounded by an extracellular matrix (ECM) formed, among other components, by collagen, mainly types I, III, IV and V. The aging process is associated with loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and function, increase of IMCL, reduction in glycogen synthesis with consequent insulin resistance, and also fibrosis and deposition of ECM. On the other hand, strength training (TF) is considered appropriate intervention to modify, minimize or reverse some physiological changes in skeletal muscle, as a result of aging. Thus, this study aimed to assess the cross section area of skeletal muscle fibers, amount of IMCL, glycogen content and MEC properties of the gastrocnemius (GAM) and soleus (SO) of young and senile rats after TF protocol. Methods: 28 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Youth (J); Old(S); Youth who underwent strength training (JT); Old who underwent strength training (ST). The animals performed strength training protocol consisting in climb a vertical ladder with weight strapped in their tails of 65%, 85%, 95% and 100% of the maximum load of the animal 3x a week for 12 weeks. CSA of muscle fibers, detection of collagen and identification of adipocytes in the GAM and SO muscles, beyond determinations of glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscle were performed. Results: Senile animals had lower CSA values, greater amount of IMCL, as well as of connective tissue in both muscles, but did not change the glycogen content in liver and muscle. After TF, the CSA increased in young and old animals in both muscles, the reduced IMCL in SO muscle of old animals, connective tissue decreased in young and old animals in both muscle and, finally, the glycogen content increased in liver and muscle of young and old animals. Conclusion: The strength training protocol in old rats was able to increase the CSA, decrease IMCL, increase of stored glycogen and decrease the connective tissue present in GAM and SO muscles. These results showed that there are changes in muscle fiber size, in the quantity of IMCL, in glycogen storage and in properties of the ECM of the GAM and SO muscle after intervention, indicating that strength training minimizes some deleterious effects inherent aging.
Planejamento da produção na indústria de embalagens em polpa moldada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-27)
Martínez, Karim Yaneth Pérez
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Toso, Eli Angela Vitor
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6014128945023344
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Araujo, Silvio Alexandre de
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/9919773182316062
This research deals with the production planning and scheduling problem in the molded pulp packing industry, studying particularly a plant of molded pulp packages for eggs. The production process can be subdivided into two processes: molding process and printing process. The main challenge for production planning activities is on the molding process, where products are produced through tooling that have several molds. These tooling are called "Molding Patterns" or " Conformation Patterns". Each one of the molding patterns can contain one, two, until three kind of molds, allowing to produce several products simultaneously. Producing several products at the time can generate large inventory for low demand products and also null inventory for high demand products. Thus, different inventory levels are defined for each product based on their demand behavior, in order to control inventory quantities. In this way, decisions related to the production planning and scheduling in this production process involve deciding which molding patterns should used, how much time they should be used, and how they should be sequenced. All these should be make taking into account a parallel machine system and sequenced-dependent setups time and costs, in order to minimize inventory and setups costs, as well as penalties associated to inventory out of the specified inventory levels of each product. To represent this problem we proposed two formulations: the first one based on the Capacitated Lot Sizing and Scheduling Problem (CLSP), and the second one based on the General Lot Sizing and Scheduling Problem (GLSP). The results from the models were compared in a set of real word instances of a plant, in order to check the adequacy to represent the decisions involved in the studied production process, as well as the main differences between their production plans and performance of the models. The proposed formulations were also adapted for a particular instance, in order to compare their productions plans against the production plan implement by the studied plant. Results show that the proposed models represent rightly decisions involved in the production planning and scheduling in the molded pulp. Furthermore, the solutions obtained by the proposed models represent production plans with costs significantly lower than the schedule implemented by a real plant in this kind of industry.
Avaliação do híbrido CTA-MCM-41, modificado por poliestireno, na transesterificação catalítica de monoéster
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-29)
Cruz, Ivana Helena da
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3731669911153393
The present work shows a new technique applied to the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts MCM-41 containing basic alkylammonium cations and the study of stability in the transesterification reactions of monoesters. MCM-41 was developed by Mobil Oil Corporation in 1992 due to demand for materials with pore diameters in the range of mesoporous and is characterized by the arrangement of hexagonally ordered channels. Its synthesis involves precursors such as silicon source, hydroxyl source and surfactant, this latter in aqueous solution assumes the provision more favorable to their bi-functional character, forming a structure called a micelle. Recent polls show MCM-41, containing alkylammonium cations as an excellent base catalyst in fine chemistry and applicability in the production of biodiesel possessing strong basic sites related to the presence of anions siloxy ≡SiO- from interacting with the surfactant alkylammonium cations. The potential for reuse of heterogeneous catalysts brings economic benefits to the chemical processes involved, but the stability is needed in the different uses and leaching of these cations to the reaction observed in the different uses of the catalysts MCM-41 CTA+ reconciled to the loss of catalytic activity observed in literature motivated the search for new methods of synthesis with the aim of setting alkylammonium cations (CTA+) in the catalyst micelles. With this objective the styrene was used in synthesizing and expanding agent micellar enabling it inside the micelles and subsequent polymerization. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy in the region, elementary chemical analysis (CHN) techniques were used for characterization of new materials poly (styrene)-MCM-41 CTA+. The new catalysts provide high conversions (82%) transesterification of monoester (ethyl acetate) and methanol (1:6) at 50 ° C and were more stable catalytic achieving the proposed objective.
Transferência de oxigênio e condições de cisalhamento em biorreator convencional com impelidores orelha de elefante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-30)
Bustamante, Maritza Catalina Condori
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7269967957109739
Due to owing to the nature of culture involving aerobic filamentous microorganisms, conventional aerated stirred-tank bioreactors using the Rushton turbine impeller are widely employed in order to achieve good mixing and oxygen mass transfer. However, this impeller presents disadvantages such as high power consumption, and generates higher shear in the medium, which can cause irreversible morphological changes in microorganisms, damaging the culture performance. In literature, impellers called "Elephant Ear" (EE), presented in down-flow (down-pumping) (EEDP) and up-flow (up-pumping) (EEUP) configurations, are indicated as suitable for cultivation of shear sensitive cells. However, this characteristic has never been demonstrated quantitatively. In the present study, the oxygen transfer and hydrodynamics parameters were evaluated and compared in a conventional aerated stirredtank bioreactor equipped with impellers as the classical impeller Rushton turbine (RT) and with EE in EEDP and EEUP modes. Firstly, prediction equations were obtained for quantifying the average shear rate (Ýav) in the different systems, as function of the operating conditions (600≤N≤1000 rpm and 0.40≤Ýavar≤1.2 vvm) and rheological properties of the pseudoplastic fluids (K and n), based on a methodology that uses the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient as characteristic parameter. The values of Ýav obtained from the correlations for the RT impeller were within a range of values estimated from correlations of the literature, showing that the methodology utilized is valid. Based on correlations of Ýav and on results of power consumption, the energy dissipation and Kolmogorov micro-scale (micro eddy sizes) could be estimated. For non-Newtonian fluids, the RT and EEUP impellers generated micro-eddies with smaller sizes in the range from 45.0-127.0 and 80.6-123.7 μm, respectively, showing that the impellers RT and EEUP are more shear than EEDP impeller. Using the prediction equations of Ýav the effect of shear conditions in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus were evaluated in conventional bioreactor equipped with RT, EEDP and EEUP impellers at 800 rpm, 0.50 vvm and 30C. Profiles of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient and shear rate were obtained during the cultivation. The morphological changes resulted from shear conditions imposed for the different impellers were analyzed using image analysis technique. The RT and EEDP impellers imposed the highest oxygen transfer and smaller shear to the broth, respectively. The flow pattern generated by EE impellers was crucial at the beginning of the cultivation, and is highly beneficial when EEUP impeller were used, since it presented a controlled shear throughout the cultivation. The best cultivation condition for the clavulanic acid production was obtained using the EEUP impeller, which resulted in a maximum concentration of 453 mg/L and a consistency index K= 2.5 Pa.s0.27. The results suggested that the isolated hyphae are directly related to the K of the broth and clavulanic acid production. According to the rapid fragmentation of clumps and emergence of isolated hyphae, it was concluded that the RT impeller presents shear rates higher than the EEs impellers, since the size of branched and non-branched hyphae were smaller and in greater quantities. This fact shows an advantage in the EEUP impeller use in shear sensitive microorganism cultures that requiring high levels of oxygen, without affecting the process performance. This advantage is associated with the flow pattern generated for the EEUP impeller.
Sinterização por micro-ondas em uma e em duas etapas de varistores à base de ZnO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-30)
Gunnewiek, Rodolfo Foster Klein
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Kiminami, Ruth Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643216999108223
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5185829124608696
This thesis is aimed at one-step microwave sintering at frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 30 GHz and the development of two-step microwave sintering (MW-TSS) at 2.45 GHz of ZnO-based nanostructured semiconductor compositions for application in varistors. The synthesis of nanostructured additives Mn, Cu, Cr, Co and Bi oxides with particles below 100 nm, based on the cationic exchange of soluble salt/polymer was developed and improved. After preparation and conformation, the samples were ultra-rapidly sintered at heating rates of 100 °C/min at 2.45 GHz and 20 °C/min at 30 GHz, both at 10 minutes of holding time, and in the two-step sintering the t2 holding time did not exceed one hour. The MW-TSS technique enabled us to reduce the pure ZnO average grain size from 4.85 (micro) to 2.85 (micro) while increasing density from 96.9% to 97.9%. For the Matsuoka nano composition, sintering at 30 GHz proved more effective, reaching a non-linear coefficient (atto) of 37 and a density of 96.5%. The addition of copper to the composition improved the value of (atto) reaching 71.4 at 2.45 GHz. However, the two-step sintering by microwave permitted a reduction in the average grain size and an increase in the electrical properties, reaching of 40 in the copper-free composition, and with the addition of copper it reached 83 with the breakdown electrical field achieving 14 kV/cm, with average grain size always below 3 μm, and, in the best condition in which the electrical properties were optimized, of merely 1.84. Although the average grain size attained is not located within the nanometric scale, sintering by microwave proved effective in obtaining varistors with excellent electrical properties, achieving finer microstructures when the two-step sintering by microwave technique is applied, with greatly reduced times for both one-step and two-step sintering techniques. The accelerated diffusional processes relative to the possible nonthermal effects caused by the microwave processing were also discussed.
A experiência da estereoscopia no audiovisual contemporâneo (2005-2012)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-30)
Cordebello, Pedro Dolosic
;
Massarolo, João Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7962735326969600
Stereoscopic three dimensional pictures has gained significant importance in the entertainment industry nowadays. 3-D movies are intended to bring back the audience to the theater, and the stereoscopic television is the technology which will bring such immersive experience in the home. However, to produce, transport and show high quality stereoscopic content many skills and technologies are involved. The aim of this work is to bring some of the newest technological achievements in this area to anyone interested, and to contribute to scientific production in this research field.
O mal-estar em Guimarães Rosa - os empecilhos da cultura encenados nas famílias rosianas: a tragicidade da constituição cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-30)
Cardoso, Naiara Mangino
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Alves-Bezerra, Wilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602719736498812
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3951720136978245
En este trabajo proponemos analizar tres cuentos de João Guimarães Rosa Sorôco, sua mãe, sua filha (1962), A terceira margem do rio (1962) y Meu tio o Iauaretê (1969) por medio de la teoría psicoanalítica. Las dos nociones principales que estructuraran nuestra lectura son: la cultura (Kultur), a partir de los estudios de Sigmund Freud (1930), y el significante, a través de los apuntes de Jacques Lacan (1957). Teniendo por base tales nociones pretendemos demostrar cómo en Rosa se arquitecta estéticamente la tragicidad de la constitución cultural (cf. Walnice Nogueira Galvão, 1978). La cultura (Kultur), establecida a partir de los tabúes que limitan la realización de los deseos humanos, causa malestar (Unbehagen). De este modo, el hombre crea una relación problemática con este universo lleno de privaciones fundamentadas en la Ley. Tal problemática es puesta en escena en estos tres cuentos rosianos de distintas maneras. Somos así, colocados delante del sentimiento de culpa oriundo de la instauración cultural (Freud, 1912-1913) , de la locura, y de la ilusión (Illusion) (cf. Freud, 1927) de un posible regreso a la Naturaleza tiempo mítico y místico de la plenitud del sujeto. Todo se pasa en el microcosmo de las relaciones familiares (padre e hijo en las márgenes del río, Sorôco, su madre y su hija, y el sobrino de Iauaretê), que se confrontan con las relaciones de parentesco (cf. Lévi-Strauss, 1949); o sea, prenderse en la familia perjudica la unión en la cultura (Kultur), que tiene por objetivo la supremacía de los lazos artificiales sociales en detrimento de las relaciones naturales (cf. Lévi-Strauss, 1949) familiares.
Abordagem do ensino de desvio padrão em livros didáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-30)
Francisco, Sérgio Luiz
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Moura, Renato José de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5227908949297904
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7962308898758608
Teaching Statistics as part of the axis Treatment Information is seen by PCN (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais) as a tool for the interpretation of the world that surrounds the pupil, in view of the diversity of areas using the typical elements of Statistics (such as tables, graphs, etc.) in the dissemination of information. Hence, the need for teaching this subject should strive for contextualization of its contents and provide information for decision-making. The objective of this work was to present a didactic sequence that judges be more appropriate as the significance for the student with regard to the teaching of some of these elements of statistics, specifically the Standard Deviation, the application of an exercise in a class of 3rd. year of high school public school education in the city of Jahu. Together, adds that, after analysis of seven textbooks indicated by PNLEM programs (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático do Ensino Médio) and PNLD ((Programa Nacional do Livro Didático) as to approach the teaching of statistics, it was found that in one there is the option for this instructional sequence in which the settings of the approach is associated with the Normal Curve probabilities related to a frequency distribution. Expected to lead teachers and mentors to reflect on the teaching of this subject, both in performance in the classroom or guidance for professionals in education, as in the choice of books or other educational materials.