Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2013-11-11"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 17630

Hymenoptera parasitoides associados às larvas de Lepidoptera em reflorestamento e sistemas agroflorestais da fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-11)
Pereira, Aline Garcia
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8918929351920606
Studies on flora and wildlife are important to help to understand the ecological processes that occur in response to use of management strategies. Hymenoptera are a key group for setting priorities for conservation, since they represent a high proportion of diversity of insects , being easily sampled. The aim of this study was to characterize the fauna of Hymenoptera parasitoids associated with Lepidoptera larvae in agrosilvopastoral and silviagricultural systems and in reforestation area (ecological corridor) of the Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Lepidoptera larvae collected with beating tray were kept in the laboratory until the emergence of adults or of their parasitoids. From hosts collected in the reforestation emerged 69 parasitoids, thus identified: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae (Neotheronia) and Campopleginae (Charops and Microcharops); and Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles and Protapanteles). From those collected in the agrosilvopastoral and silviagriculture systems 267 hymenopteran parasitoids emerged thus identified: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor and Protapanteles), and Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops and Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria and Conura); and Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus) and Eulophinae (Elachertus and Euplectrus). The environments studied are home to wide variety of genera of Hymenoptera parasitoids through greater availability of food resources for them and for their hosts (immatures and adults). Reforestation practices and use of mixed systems environment should be encouraged.
Análise cladística de Toxotarsinae (Diptera, Calliphoridae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-13)
Tauhyl, Luís Gustavo Moreli
;
Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8718750802689009
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289561120108501
;
Patiu, Catia Antunes de Mello
The Family Calliphoridae is a diverse group of taxonomic, biogeographic, veterenary, forensic and medical importance, with more than 1200 species. The subfamily Toxotarsinae is endemic for the Neotropical region, has eleven species and is distributed mainly in the Andes countries and south of Brazil. Several authors have already studied this group and contributed with wide literature. The Toxotarsinae species are easily recognizable, but there are some difficulties to classify higher-specific taxa. This is the first phylogeny made for Toxotarsinae and it was necessary for better understanding of this group evolution. The aim of this work was to study the relationship among Toxotarsinae species through cladistics analysis. The character matrix was developed exclusively with morphological information. It was performed heuristic analisys using pacimony with equal weighting analyses obtained from Winclada and implied weighting obtained with TNT. The ingroup was compound for all Toxotarsinae species, Toxotarsus ambrosianus, T. nigrocyaneus, T. humeralis, S. chlorogaster, S. magellanica, S. dichroa, S. splendida, S. roraima, S. versicolor e S. maurii, and Neta chilensis, and the outgroup was compound by: Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830), Calliphora nigribasis (Macquart, 1851) e Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1775). Equal weighting analysis resulted in only one most parsimoniously topology ((Sarconesia roraima + (Neta chilensis + S. magellanica)) + (S. splendida + (S. maurii + (S. versicolor + (S. dichroa + (S. chlorogaster + (Toxotarsus nygrocianeus + (Toxotarsus humeralis + Toxotarsus ambrosianus)))))))), with L=105, IC=58 e IR=71. Toxotarsinae appears as a monophyletic group, supported by nine synapomorphies. The ingroup species formed two branches: Sarconesia roraima+ supported by two synapomorphies, and S. splendida+ supported by ten synapomorphies. Implied weighting analysis resulted one tree, with different topologies with k values between 1 3. Based on the obtained topologies, the genus Sarconesia is polyphyletic and the other two genera, Neta and Toxotarsus, are among Sarconesia. The original Toxotarsus species remain togheter and supported by eleven synapomorphies at the apex of S. splendida+ clade. The taxa distribution in topology obligates the proposition of nomenclatural changes. Neta chilensis of S. roraima+ branch will be transferred to genus Sarconesia, and S. splendida+ branch will be transferred to Toxotarsus. An identification key was developed with the new combinations is presented.
A tese das ideias abstratas de David Hume
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-13)
Melo, Gustavo Oliveira Fernandes
;
Cruz, Fernão de Oliveira Salles dos Santos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9496354571712524
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4178749791298873
According to David Hume, the mind is unable to form another kind of idea that is not particular (See: Summary, § 28), ie, it is impossible to form an idea that, at one time, represent many different particular perceptions. When we encounter this thesis, a matter we soon came to mind: as a general term is then formed, ie, how they are formed those words that denote more than one particular perception (perceptions simple or complex)? In order to find an answer to this question, we decided to investigate the structure and genesis of the thesis of abstract ideas in the Treatise of Human Nature, since this is the thesis responsible for forming the general terms. And to achieve this we focus on the genesis of general terms that denote particular qualities. Therefore, we believe that there is a major difficulty for an empiricist conceiving a thesis about the abstract ideas.
Análise de transformações de fases nas ligas Ti-35Nb-7Zr e Ti-xNb-3Fe por espectroscopia mecânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-14)
Chaves, Javier Andres Muñoz
;
Florêncio, Odila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9659972316642270
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1205198307049324
In recent decades the study of β-Titanium alloys are attracting the interest to the biomaterials science community in general, since have improved properties as compared with current commercial biomedical alloys which present problems of both mechanical and chemical compatibility. In this sense, the determination and optimization of the mechanical properties, in particular of the elastic modulus, through of control the phases present that are of great importance. In this study was determined the dynamic elastic modulus (E), their relative variation ( ΔE/E) and internal friction (Q-1) as function of temperature by mechanical spectroscopy technique, being that the information provided by these parameters, associated with complementary characterization techniques and theoretical parameters of the literature provided relevant information on the phases stability in some alloys of the Ti-Nb-Zr and Ti- Nb-systems. Thus, complex anelastic relaxation processes were observed which through cyclic heat treatment and aging was possible to dissociate into their component of phase transformations, which highlighted in the temperature range between 300 K and 700 K the sequence β → β + ω → β + ω + α → β + α, and once these transformations are developed, in a joint manner are also present relaxation processes that include interactions of elements containing alloys with interstitial atoms. At low temperature (130 K-300 K), a process of relaxation was observed, which may be related to processes such as β → ω (athermic) transformation and/or H-O interactions. However by the behavior of the elastic modulus this process may be linked in part to the reverse martensitic transformation β→α" being possible to identify Ms and Af temperatures. In addition was characterized a low modulus of elasticity, yielding values between 67 and 54 GPa, which are related to the greater stability of the β phase, being these suitable values regarding the mechanical compatibility as compared with commercial alloys used as biomaterials.
Percepção e interação de comunidades caiçaras do complexo estuarino-lagunar de Iguape-Cananéia, SP, Brasil, com tartarugas marinhas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-18)
Gusmão, Juliana São Pedro
;
Bondioli, Ana Cristina Vigliar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7914051201618825
;
Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950
The Iguape-Cananéia Estuarine-Lagoon Complex has been described as an area for feeding and development of young sea turtles of the Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle) species, besides having recorded the incidence of other marine turtle species present at the Brazilian coast (Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Dermochelys coriacea and Eretmochelys imbricata). The region also presents several caiçara (population from coastal regions) nucleuses which have small-scale fishing as their main source of income, making important to analyze existing interactions between fishermen and sea turtles. The objective of the present study was to describe the interaction of the caiçara communities of Pedrinhas and Pontal de Leste with sea turtles, and the interaction between sea turtles and the artisanal gillnetting, from the fishermen s perspective. Field researches were performed using semi-structured interviews via Snow Ball technique, enabling the identification of the key informers by their peer s recognition. The results showed that the caiçara community of Pontal de Leste, more isolated from the urban centers and having fishing as exclusive activity, presented greater presence of sea turtles in its culture, as well as higher nutritional dependency from sea turtle meat when climate conditions render fishing impossible for long periods of time. At the Pedrinhas community, as it is closer to urban centers and as it has alternative income activities due to tourism, the presence of the sea turtle in the local culture resides mainly at the memories of the older interviewed community members. In both communities knowledge gaps were verified, which could be clarified with educational actions, and the importance of gillnetting for the caiçara and the negative impact it may cause to sea turtles were also verified, being thus vital, the execution of new studies which shall enable the understanding of the magnitude of such interaction. The results obtained aim at generating information for conservation plans so as to minimize the mortality of sea turtles, protecting cultural practices of such communities; thereby, educational activities and management guidelines were proposed, aiming at integrating the political management of natural resources and conservation strategies with the conduct of the local traditional community.
Reflexão crítica sobre as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito das unidades educacionais de Prática Profissional do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-18)
Souza, Bruno El Jalis
;
Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6339027654396410
The objective is to critically and reflectively describe the activities developed within the educational units of Professional Practice of the Medicine course at the Federal University of São Carlos, which took place in three learning cycles. Throughout the description of each cycle there are relevant analyzes in order to support future discussions about the teaching and learning process of this course, specifically in the context of professional practice.
Unidades de Ensino Potencialmente Significativas (UEPS)em Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA) como instrumento de aprendizagem significativa de física no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-19)
Paulo, David
;
Studart Filho, Nelson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3913519630472287
This work uses Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU), the instructional strategy proposed by M. A. Moreira, in a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) in the Moodle platform, as a tool for learning physics in high school, through an instructional sequence. The AVA has been configured according to the sequence of PMTU. The sequence consisted of applying a diagnostic evaluation, use of previous organizers, initial presentation of problem-situations involving simulations of the site Interactive Simulations (PhET), review and theoretical restatement of the problem-situation at higher level of complexity, individual summative evaluation, the final lecture and assessment of learning. This sequence was developed through activities in the classroom and extra classes. The theme worked throughout the sequence was the physics of flight, and the contents discussed were the principles of dynamics and Bernoulli's principle. From the beginning it became clear the connection between the instructional sequence based on meaningful learning and the potentiality offered by a Virtual Learning Environment: the first one guiding the activities and the second providing a backdrop for their development of the student, aiming at the critical (re)construction of new knowledge. The content was presented in different formats, varying from traditional viewing videos and reading texts in the classroom, for the use of various features available in Moodle VLE, such as the use of PhET simulators, participation in forums, production of online texts among others. Performed the analysis of the results presented by the students after the migration from traditional teaching methods for the PMTU methodology based on the combined use of the VLE Moodle, it was observed significant increase in the student performance measured by the grades obtained by the students in a given quarter in comparison with the previous one. The results show that the method provides learning more dynamical, comprehensive, and participative and in tune with the technological resources that are part of their reality.
O Programa de Qualidade da Escola da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo: o texto e o contexto em três escolas da Diretoria de Ensino - Região de Pirassununga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-19)
Castro, Adriana de
;
Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5169481756236153
In 2008, the Education Department of São Paulo State (SEE/SP) started the implementation process of the "School Quality Program" and the "Curricular Proposal Project" in all São Paulo State public schools. According to SEE/SP, the purpose of the program is to evaluate each school through annual aims, which are pre-established by SEE/SP and based on two criterias: the school flow and the student s performance in the Evaluation System of São Paulo State (SARES). The aim ends up in an index of Education Development of São Paulo State (IDESP), for each level of education. In this paper, we discuss the School Quality Program from 2008 to 2012, having as parameters the objectives proclaimed by SEE/SP, taking the empirical research data analysed under the theoretical framework composed by Claus Offe and Antonio Gramsci, in relation to the educational improvement quality. The empirical cutting to data collection included eight of the nine poles that made up the Teaching Coordination of São Paulo Contryside and the case study happened in three pre-selected schools, under Pirassununga Teaching Board responsability. We notice the emphasis on the product overlapping the educational process, both for the SEE/SP, through IDESP, and in the surveyed schools organization. Intra and extra factors make up the educational quality for the subject researched and the teacher s evaluation is considered an important quality factor for parents. We see as positive aspects of "School Quality Program", the SEE/SP trying to improve educational quality at public schools and the network-wide deployment of a single curriculum with essential skills and competences for student learning. The Bonus for Results (BR) established with the objective of motivating school teams to achieve the aims of IDESP, is a contradiction. It doesn t motivate teachers, but, provide places and pedagogical time to prepare students for the SATS. The schools surveyed had difficulties to maintain a track record of IDESP improving. Educational quality has a potential converter of social and economical reality, but for that, we have to provide enough public funding for education, enhance the teaching profession and teachers, improve the initial and recurrent training, enable other spaces and times of learning.
Utilização de agregados reciclados de resíduos da construção civil em camadas de pavimentos de tráfego leve: estudo de caso no município de Americana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-20)
Iyomasa, Franciele Borges Mizusaki
;
Ferreira, Marcos Antonio Garcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643134259454260
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155410013838975
Construction activities have, as a consequence, the production of by product. It represents several problems in the management of cities both by the large volume produced, as by its improper disposal. Nowadays, this construction and demolition waste has aroused interest as a source of recycled material for the own construction, such as inputs of urban pavements, which provides environmental and economic advantages for the cities. This dissertation analyses the economic and technical viability of the use of recycled aggregates from construction waste mixed in layers of base and sub-base light traffic pavements that were generated in the region of Americana in the state of São Paulo. The research involves laboratory tests, typical pavement dimensioning taking into account the use of conventional and recycled materials and the presentation of estimated values for the execution of structures that were obtained from the use of those materials. The physical and mechanical properties of the recycled aggregates were determined by means of laboratory tests: characterization of the constituents of recycled aggregates, percentage of unwanted materials, particle size analysis, shape index, compaction, California Bearing Ratio and resilient modulus. Based on the outcomes of the studied CBR materials and the pattern of conventional simple graded crushed rock, it was designed pavement structures to assess the technical and economic viability. The outcomes show that when the recycled materials are submitted to an appropriated compression, they act just like a simple graded crushed rock. It was found similarity in the sized structures with two kinds of aggregates. The final cost of the implementation in one of the proposed pavements was 47% less than with the use of recycled, despite the structure designed with this material have showed larger thicknesses.
Relações entre melhoria contínua e inovação de produtos e processos: estudo de múltiplos casos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-20)
Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
;
Toledo, José Carlos de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
Continuous Improvement (CI) and Innovation are important approaches to generate competitive advantage for organizations. These approaches need to be properly managed in order to ensure long-term results, and must be also aligned to the company's competitive strategies. Despite being seen as complementary approaches, they are often managed in completely independent ways. The literature shows the need for coexistence of CI and Innovation, especially in studies on continuous innovation and organizational ambidexterity. There is also a theoretical support that CI and Innovation should be aligned and have a collaborative role. However, there is a theoretical gap on the relationship between these two themes, is necessary to know what enables integration between Continuous Improvement and Innovation in organizations. Based on exploratory and systematic literature review, we identified the main relationships between CI and Innovation, six of them were studied. Were also identified practices and mechanisms that facilitate the existence of relationships in the company. Practices are dependent on interaction and collaboration between between people connected to CI and Innovation, therefore, were also identified integration mechanisms, related to organizational culture, knowledge management and organizational structure. A multiple case study was conducted. The chosen companies belong to different sectors and have Innovation and Continuous Improvement well developed. It was possible to identify at which level the six relationships are present in different companies. It was possible to identify which practices are more related to the high presence of relationships, and point integration mechanisms used for each relationship.
Relações entre índices urbanísticos da forma urbana e a acústica ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-20)
Mendonça, André Bressa Donato
;
Souza, Lea Cristina Lucas de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0083847008256434
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6887425406763473
Noise pollution in urban areas has been an usual problem in several Brazilian cities. However, this issue does not take into account the urban morphology and its constant changes. Therefore, sound mapping is a helping tool on the matter, allowing the prevention of sound impacts and the recognition of areas under acoustic conflicts. Applying this planning instrument, this research aims at the identification of relations between indexes of urban form and sound pressure levels achieved on street networks, specifically when considering the potential offered by the occupancy rate, the floor space index and the ratio between height and width of the urban roads. The methodology is based on the collection of physical and acoustical data, on the application of a calculation model, named NMPB-Routes 2008 and its respective validation, and on the simulation of a future scenario in the acoustic software CADNA-A. The analyzes were based on the variations of sound pressure levels, which were verified between the current scenario and the future scenario, together with the identification of the relationships between the occupancy rate, the floor space index and the H/W factor, besides the classification of the acoustics conditions of the urban blocks. The results showed that the new buildings of the future scenario contributed up to 1.0 dB (A) in the increase of the sound pressure levels at the height of ten meters above ground level. Furthermore, among the factors studied at the height of four meters, the occupancy rate is the one assuming the highest importance on the increase of sound pressure levels. On the other hand, at ten meters-high, the floor space index achieved the greatest significance in the role played on the increment of noise levels.
A intermediação na saúde: as organizações sociais e suas configurações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-21)
Baggenstoss, Salli
;
Donadone, Julio César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4099162790712340
In the organizational universe strategic changes are necessary and generate repercussions. A considerable part of the state hospitals in São Paulo is management by charities that receive the qualification from social organizations and are chosen by government. The main question about this research relates to the (re) adjust at the hospital caused by new strategies of management that comes through health between the State and the Social Organization of Health for hospital management. Understand that the changes occurred in this space: who makes their occupation, it relates, themselves with whom, what are the repercussions, the opposed strength, et cetera. For this way, it has adopted a qualitative approach involving field research and also bibliography research pointed to the subject of the social organizations, its origin and uses in Brazil, the involved questions and the opposed movements to its use. It also was specified the law in São Paulo and the Management Contract, main tool at its disposal that detail kinds and numbers of treatments, values, quality indicators, among others. The used methodology behaved answer inquiries put through the field research together the hospitals and respective manager charities in the State and Municipality, involving also hospital about direct administration for possible comparisons. The resulted data of the research indicated that the qualified charities acted before in health, previous requirement that would give support to attend the specification from de manager contract. Among the findings, it noticed that the creation of the supplemental law got help from agents that make up the social organizations. The choice of the charities is indicated: it is their option to enroll in run the hospital (made by official announcement), and it is the Secretary of Health s option in choosing which applicant (when there are more than one) is the most indicated for the management. Due to a strength oppose consisted specially by people that work for health, advisors and health s union, in search for legitimate occur to events promoted by charities, by unison speech, by publication that point aspects out like numbers and favorable table of contents. Another item noticed is the distribution of the hospitals and the region where the social organizations act, showing the territorial occupation in health by these charities. The managed health differs in hospitals from direct administration by permanent management strategies, a lot of which also available to the hospitals from direct administration offered by own government, which reinforces the role of intermediaries that research suggests.
Um metamodelo para facilitar a integração de ferramentas de visualização de software e mineração de interesses transversais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-22)
Tanner, Oscar José Fernandes
;
Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8630115599550681
A goal of the Object-Oriented Programming is to develop software with better modularization and separation of concerns, although tangling and scattering of some of these concerns cannot be prevented. The Aspect-Oriented Programming was proposed to solve this problem. However, the identification of the scattering and tangling concerns, also known as crosscutting concerns (CC), is not simple. To assist this identification, it is recommended the use of CC Mining tools (MT), but some MTs do not properly display these CCs in the source code. One way to improve the presentation of this CCs is displaying them through software visualization tools. Software visualization aims to abstract the structural information of the software through visual metaphors. However, it is not always simple to integrate CC and visualization tools, because each tool store their results in a specific format that is usually not recognized by the others. In order to solve this problem, this work created a metamodel that facilitates this integration. The results obtained from a MT are transformed to this metamodel format, so they can be processed by a software visualization tool. Presenting the results of a MT through software visualization tools helps the comparison of these results, facilitating the detection of false negatives and the identification of visual patterns that indicate false positives. Four MT and two software visualization tools were integrated to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated environment. Moreover, two experiments were conducted: one to evaluate the use of the proposed metamodel; and another to evaluate the use of the integrated environment. The results revealed that the use of the proposed metamodel facilitates this integration and the software engineer must be a specialist of each of the integrated tools in order to enjoy the benefits from this integration.
Simulação numérica do forjamento a quente de um aço baixo carbono em matriz fechada acoplado com a evolução microestrutural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-22)
Moraes, Araldo Luiz Isaias de
;
Balancin, Oscar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8379205949387493
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9329544049345234
Hot closed die forging is the most used process to produce metal parts used in supporting and fixing cable conductors in transmission lines of electric power. In this forming process, the microstructural quality of the products, in most cases, is dependent on the control of several parameters during processing such as the geometry of dies and the starting material, the number of stages of deformation, operational sequence, temperature, strain, strain rate, and others. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the process parameters such as temperature, strain and strain rate as well as the microstructural evolution during the hot closed die forging of a low carbon steel through the use of commercial software for analysis of forming processes based on finite element method. The numerical simulation of the complete process of hot forging of product ball hook was conducted, in order to reproduce the real industrial process. The results showed that the simulation was efficient to describe parameters evaluations, since the results obtained were consistent with those found in the real process and there was good agreement when comparing simulated average grain size and measured by optical microscopy.
A ressignificação da questão ambiental em contexto de ruralidade: para uma leitura crítica do Paradoxo de Giddens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-25)
Madureira, Gabriel Alarcon
;
Martins, Rodrigo Constante
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6617183095074852
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7795020662481528
Reports from IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) call attention to the possibility of water shortages, to the collapse of the Amazon system, to the biodiversity crisis, and to the proliferation of extreme weather events. Anthony Giddens, British sociologist formulator of the theory of structuration, elaborates an analytical category appointing precisely the lack of concrete actions related to this environmental issue in the policy and in the daily practices. According to him, when practical measures for protecting the environment are put into practice, there will not be enough time to reverse the environmental collapse, setting the self-styled Giddens‟s Paradox. Such point of view of environmental question transforms in normative, abstract and universal, leaving to conceive it as eminently contextual - result of the interaction between individuals, groups and institutions. Precisely so it this research takes this analytical category as a starting point for a relational approach of environmental issues through his own theory of structuration. So, the environment and the nature are now considered as structural principles: as rules and resources mobilized in the reproduction and transformation of social life and, therefore, as objects of appointment disputes and discursive resignifications. In order to analyze sociologically the relational aspect the environmental issue through a qualitative research - theoretically and methodologically linked to the theory of structuration the county of Brotas (São Paulo/Brazil) was established as case study. Are used as research methods: semi-structured interviews, snowball technique, documental survey, photo documentation and socioeconomic questionnaire. This particular location shows a convergence between the multiple conceptions of the environmental issue, the professionalization of ecotourism and of the discursive resignification of the rural areas, allowing the visualization of multiple cognitive perceptions of the environmental issue. The critical debate from Giddens enabled the analysis of four social processes of resignification in the Brotas county: a) The Jacaré-Pepira River; b) From the "hole" to the tourist attraction; c) From Radical to Disneyland; and d) The Estrada do Patrimônio . In summary, the trajectory of the dissertation seeks to discuss sociologically that the environmental issue does not arise in everyday life in a universal and normative form, but eminently as cognitive perception linked to the complexity of knowingness agents.
Efeito do treino específico na habilidade de alcance manual em lactentes pré-termo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-25)
Guimarães, Elaine Leonezi
;
Tudella, Eloisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4232970395715931
This study aimed to investigate the impact of a specific training (serial varied practice) of short duration on the performance of manual reaching in preterm infants, in the period immediately following the acquisition of this skill. For this purpose, the thesis consisted of three studies: Study 1, in which a systematic review of the behavior of manual reaching in preterm infants was conducted. Three independent reviewers participated in the selection and analysis of the selected articles. It was found that the manual reaching movement in preterm infants has still not been extensively described in the literature, indicating that there is much to learn about how prematurity associated with organic immaturity, and the extrinsic factors which influence the dynamics of this ability. In studies 2 and 3, for the assessment and training of reaching, infants were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. They were assessed positioned sitting reclined at 45° to the horizontal in a child seat up to 3 days after emergence of reaching. The experimental group underwent specific training (serial varied practice) for about five minutes and the control group was trained in social interaction in the same conditions for the same time. Two evaluations were performed, one pre- and one post-training, lasting two minutes each, for both groups. The assessments were recorded by three digital cameras, and the images were captured and analyzed using the Dvideow 5.0 videogrammetry system; Matlab 7.9 was used for the filtering of the results and the calculation of the kinematic variables of the study 3. Study 2, confirmed the influence of specific training on the frequency, in the proximal adjustments (uni-and bimanual) and distal adjustments (contact surface of the hand, palm orientation and opening of hand) of the manual reaching, in the period of emergence of the skill in preterm infants. The participants in the study were 18 infants of both sexes, born between 29 and 33 weeks of gestational age, with a birth weight less than 2500 grams, and who required postnatal hospital care. In the experimental group, the results after training showed a significant increase in the frequency of intragroup reaching (p=0.015) and between groups (p=0.026). There was significant difference in proximal adjustments, in the intragroup analysis, where after training the infants in the experimental group presented more unimanual (p= 0.025) and bimanual reaching (p = 0.023). In the intragroup analysis, the experimental group showed a significant difference in bimanual reaching (p=0.016) after training. Regarding distal adjustments apenas the experimental group displayed more reaching with the hand semiopen after training. A significant difference was noted in contact with the dorsal surface of the hand and fingers (p=0.027) and external oblique orientation (p=0.025). In the intergroup analysis there was a significant difference in opening of the hand (open, p=0.029), and in the orientation of the palm (external oblique, p=0.041) for the experimental group after training. Study 3 assessed the effect of specific training (serial varied practice) of short duration, on the kinematic variables (peak velocity, movement duration, mean velocity, straightness index, adjustment index, and movement unit) in manual reaching. It was found after specific training that only the experimental group showed a significant difference in peak velocity intragroup (p=0.036) and intergroup (p=0.016), which decreased after specific training, and the other variables showed no significant difference. However, according to the test that confirms the clinical relevance (Cohen's d), it was observed that after specific training (serial varied practice) of short duration, the experimental group showed a decrease in peak velocity, duration of movement, the number of movement units, and a slight increase in the rate of adjustment, indicating educational and clinical significance, suggesting that something has been learned and / or changed in the period immediately following the training session. The results indicate that specific training (serial varied practice) of short duration, favored more reaching with the external oblique, semiopen and open hand, with slower movement, with greater adjustment and fewest movement units in the period of acquisition, which may thus contribute to a better development and enhancement of this skill. Therefore, it is suggested that preterm infants may benefit from early practice (training), and this can be used as an intervention strategy for the acquisition, as well as the improvement of the reaching skill in the acquisition period, thus coming closer to the standard of mature reaching.
Inferência em distribuições discretas bivariadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-26)
Chire, Verônica Amparo Quispe
;
Salasar, Luis Ernesto Bueno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5464564215528609
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2449994664051845
The analysis of bivariate data can be found in several areas of knowledge, when the data of interest are obtained in a paired way and present correlation between counts. In this work the Holgate bivariate Poisson, bivariate generalized Poisson and bivariate zero-inflated Poisson models are presented, which are useful to the modeling of bivariate count data correlated. Illustrative applications are presented for these models and the comparison between them is made by using criteria of model selection AIC and BIC, as well as the asymptotic likelihood ratio test. Particularly, we propose a Bayesian approach to the Holgate bivariate Poisson and bivariate zero-inflated Poisson models, based in the Gibbs sampling algorithm with data augmentation.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação toxicológica de filmes proteicos com adição de nanofibras de celulose para recobrimento de frutos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-27)
Corrêa, Tassiane Regina Alves
;
Bernardes Filho, Rubens
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4955439483175452
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7492548149311893
Brazil is a major producer of fruit, but the losses related to postharvest handling are considerable high, and it is important to develop methods to reduce them. Analysis techniques were used is the application of edible coatings in order to increase the shelf life of the fruit. This study evaluated the use of zein based films, storage proteins from corn, with the addition of plasticizers and cellulose nanofibers, for covering pears and apples. The zein are hydrophobic proteins and can form a barrier against moisture loss and gas exchange, thus reducing the rate of fruit respiration and consequently increasing it`s shelf life. The filmogenic solutions tested were obtained using 4% zein with addition of different concentrations of cellulose nanofibers and plasticizers. The solutions were applied on apples and pears by immersion. Fruits were evaluated for weight loss, appearance and texture, where it was shown that the optimal concentration was 4% + 0.1% zein cellulose nanofibers + 0.5% oleic acid, as obtained an increase of about 30 days the shelf life of fruit in addition there was better preservation of fruits in natural color and texture compared to other concentrations. For this we use techniques: colorimetry, texturometer and monitoring of mass loss. For characterization of the films were used analysis techniques and contact angle atomic force microscopy, where we also observe that the best result for these two parameters was the movie 4% zein + 0.1% cellulose nanofibers and 0.5% oleic acid, because the films were less hydrophilic and more homogeneous. To evaluate the toxicity of produced film an experiment was conducted with male Wistar rats that were divided into two groups: the first group was fed with feed coated with filmogenic solution, and the second group received a diet without coating. During the experiment they documented the intake of food and water, and collected all excrement. After the experiment various organs were collected for analysis. The results of this experiment indicated that the solution filmogenic showed no toxic effect on the mice. The results of the experiments with the fruit specified the solutions were more efficient for the preservation of fruit quality in the study.
Epifitismo vascular e estado de conservação de fragmentos florestais na Bacia Hidrográfica do Sorocaba/Médio Tietê, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-27)
Bataghin, Fernando Antonio
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1364436595052131
About 10 % of all vascular plants in the world are epiphytes. Vascular epiphytes settle on the host trees (phorophytes) without producing haustorial structures, aiming to increase access to sunlight, even at the expense of humidity. The present study aimed to characterize the floristic, structure and spatial distribution of the vascular epiphytic community in protected and unprotected forest fragments located in the Sorocaba/Médio Tietê watershed (22º30 to 23º45 S, and 48º15 to 47º00 W). Given the size of the watershed it presents unique phytosociological conditions showing three vegetation types, allowing its division into downstream area, central area and upstream area, according to the characteristic vegetation of each area. The survey was conducted in 21 sampling sites (forest fragments), namely, seven in each area of the watershed. The vascular epiphyte component was quantitatively evaluated in 1090 phorophytes with DBH ≥ 20 cm and distributed in 12 sites (90 phorophytes each site and four sites in each area). The phorophytes were divided into six strata where the abundance of epiphytic species were recorded. In the total watershed 176 species, 66 genera and 14 families were recorded. The Shannon index for the watershed was H' = 3.695, the equability (J) = 0.713 and Margalef richness index (d) was 18.39. In the downstream area 56 species, 28 genera and nine families were found, with Shannon index H' = 2.948, equability J = 0.732 and Margalef richness d = 6.470. In this same area, 64% of species were anemochoric and 36% zoochoric, and the abundance of vascular epiphytes did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) among the Core Site (UC) and its replicas, however, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between richness observed in the Core Site and its replicas, except the Replica II Site. In the downstream area, vertical distribution of vascular epiphytes varied significantly (p < 0.05) only between the Core Site and Replica I Site. For the Central Area 64 species, 32 genera and nine families were registered. H' = 2.872, J = 0.686 and d = 7.605. Regarding the dispersion syndrome, 56% of the species are anemochoric and 44%, zoochoric. There is a significant difference (p < 0.05) among the richness of the Core Site and Replica II and Replica III Sites, but no significant variation (p> 0.05) among the abundance of the Site Core and its replicas, nor between the vertical distribution of vascular epiphytes of the Core Site and its three replicas in the Central Area. In the upstream area 139 species, 61 genera and 14 families were found, with Shannon diversity index H'= 3.659, equability J = 0.742 and Margalef richness index d = 16.17. In this same area, 68% of the species showed anemochory and 32%, zoochory. The abundance of vascular epiphytes did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) among the Core Site and its Replica Sites, but the richness varied significantly (p < 0.01) among Core Site from all its replicas. There is a significant difference between the vertical distribution of vascular epiphytes occurring on the Core Site and its three replicas (p > 0.05) in the upstream area. Of the total of 176 species observed in the watershed, more than two thirds are anemochoric. The highest floristic similarity was observed between the downstream area and the central area, in turn, the upstream area had the highest number of exclusive species (94 spp.). No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between the distribution of abundance of vascular epiphytes on the different areas of watershed. The richness of the upstream 4 area was significantly different from the two other areas of the watershed, however, the central and downstream areas showed no significant difference between them. The vertical distribution of epiphytes were differently between the upstream and downstream areas, and between the central and upstream areas (p = 0.0001), but similar between the central and downstream areas (p > 0.05). The results emphasize the idea of dependence of the epiphytic community on atmospheric humidity. Among the main defining features of vascular epiphyte diversity of this study, the following should be highlighted: phytophysiognomic characteristics of the forest areas, macroclimatic factors (especially water seasonality) and factors influencing the microclimate of the fragments as the reduction of the structural complexity and the occurrence of forest edges. Regarding conservation, the presence of 50 species under some degree of threat should provide a strong argument for the conservation of forest fragments in the Sorocaba/Médio Tietê watershed.
Avaliação cinemática 3D e eletromiográfica durante a elevação do braço em portadores de osteoartrose acromioclavicular isolada e associada à disfunção do manguito rotador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-27)
Sousa, Catarina de Oliveira
;
Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522647106933904
The acromioclavicular osteoarthritis (ACO) is a source of shoulder pain, that can occur in isolation or be associated with rotator cuff dysfunction (RCD). Individuals with RCD present altered shoulder kinematics and muscle activity. However, there are not studies that have been evaluated shoulder kinematics and muscle activity in ACO conditions. Thus, the prime purpose of this Doctorate project was to evaluate the three-dimensional shoulder motion and muscle activity during the arm elevation in individuals with isolated ACO and ACO associated with rotator cuff disease (ACO+RCD), as compared to controls. The study was divided in two parts: Part 1 - Three-dimensional shoulder kinematics; and Part 2 - Muscle activity. 74 individuals took part in this study (23 isolated ACO, 25 ACO+RCD, and 26 controls). Pain and function were assessed with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, threedimensional shoulder kinematics of scapulothoracic, sternoclavicular, and acromioclavicular joints was evaluated with surface electromagnetic sensors, and surface electromyography of upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), and anterior deltoid (AD) data was collected with Bagnoli-8 (DelSys®) system and synchronized via Motion Monitor software. The individuals were evaluated during arm elevation (ascending and descending phases) in sagittal and scapular planes, and pain during motion was assessed with 0-10 scale. Group comparisons were made for the DASH and pain with Kruskay-Wallis tests, and for each muscle during the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) with one-way ANOVA. For each kinematic variable and muscle during the motion, separate linear mixed-model 2-way ANOVAs were performed. Both groups with ACO had higher DASH and pain scores. For the scapulothoracic motion, isolated ACO group had increased internal rotation than control, and the ACO+RCD group presented increased upward rotation than others. For sternoclavicular joint, both groups with ACO presented less retraction in the sagittal plane, and the isolated ACO group presented less elevation in scapular plane, and posterior rotation in both planes. For acromioclavicular joint, the isolated ACO group presented increased upward rotation, and both groups with ACO presented increased posterior tilting in sagittal plane. There was not difference between groups for MVIC. ACO+RCD group had more UT activity than the isolated ACO and control, more AD activity than the ACO during ascending phase, and more AD activity than the ACO and controls during descending phase in both planes. Isolated ACO group had less SA activity than control only during ascending phase in sagittal plane. Patients with ACO had altered shoulder kinematics and muscle activity, which may represent compensatory responses as an attempt to reduce pain.