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Relações entre melhoria contínua e inovação de produtos e processos: estudo de múltiplos casos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-20) Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia; Toledo, José Carlos de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
Continuous Improvement (CI) and Innovation are important approaches to generate competitive advantage for organizations. These approaches need to be properly managed in order to ensure long-term results, and must be also aligned to the company's competitive strategies. Despite being seen as complementary approaches, they are often managed in completely independent ways. The literature shows the need for coexistence of CI and Innovation, especially in studies on continuous innovation and organizational ambidexterity. There is also a theoretical support that CI and Innovation should be aligned and have a collaborative role. However, there is a theoretical gap on the relationship between these two themes, is necessary to know what enables integration between Continuous Improvement and Innovation in organizations. Based on exploratory and systematic literature review, we identified the main relationships between CI and Innovation, six of them were studied. Were also identified practices and mechanisms that facilitate the existence of relationships in the company. Practices are dependent on interaction and collaboration between between people connected to CI and Innovation, therefore, were also identified integration mechanisms, related to organizational culture, knowledge management and organizational structure. A multiple case study was conducted. The chosen companies belong to different sectors and have Innovation and Continuous Improvement well developed. It was possible to identify at which level the six relationships are present in different companies. It was possible to identify which practices are more related to the high presence of relationships, and point integration mechanisms used for each relationship.
Relações entre índices urbanísticos da forma urbana e a acústica ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-20) Mendonça, André Bressa Donato; Souza, Lea Cristina Lucas de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0083847008256434; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6887425406763473
Noise pollution in urban areas has been an usual problem in several Brazilian cities. However, this issue does not take into account the urban morphology and its constant changes. Therefore, sound mapping is a helping tool on the matter, allowing the prevention of sound impacts and the recognition of areas under acoustic conflicts. Applying this planning instrument, this research aims at the identification of relations between indexes of urban form and sound pressure levels achieved on street networks, specifically when considering the potential offered by the occupancy rate, the floor space index and the ratio between height and width of the urban roads. The methodology is based on the collection of physical and acoustical data, on the application of a calculation model, named NMPB-Routes 2008 and its respective validation, and on the simulation of a future scenario in the acoustic software CADNA-A. The analyzes were based on the variations of sound pressure levels, which were verified between the current scenario and the future scenario, together with the identification of the relationships between the occupancy rate, the floor space index and the H/W factor, besides the classification of the acoustics conditions of the urban blocks. The results showed that the new buildings of the future scenario contributed up to 1.0 dB (A) in the increase of the sound pressure levels at the height of ten meters above ground level. Furthermore, among the factors studied at the height of four meters, the occupancy rate is the one assuming the highest importance on the increase of sound pressure levels. On the other hand, at ten meters-high, the floor space index achieved the greatest significance in the role played on the increment of noise levels.
Utilização de agregados reciclados de resíduos da construção civil em camadas de pavimentos de tráfego leve: estudo de caso no município de Americana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-11-20) Iyomasa, Franciele Borges Mizusaki; Ferreira, Marcos Antonio Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643134259454260; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155410013838975
Construction activities have, as a consequence, the production of by product. It represents several problems in the management of cities both by the large volume produced, as by its improper disposal. Nowadays, this construction and demolition waste has aroused interest as a source of recycled material for the own construction, such as inputs of urban pavements, which provides environmental and economic advantages for the cities. This dissertation analyses the economic and technical viability of the use of recycled aggregates from construction waste mixed in layers of base and sub-base light traffic pavements that were generated in the region of Americana in the state of São Paulo. The research involves laboratory tests, typical pavement dimensioning taking into account the use of conventional and recycled materials and the presentation of estimated values for the execution of structures that were obtained from the use of those materials. The physical and mechanical properties of the recycled aggregates were determined by means of laboratory tests: characterization of the constituents of recycled aggregates, percentage of unwanted materials, particle size analysis, shape index, compaction, California Bearing Ratio and resilient modulus. Based on the outcomes of the studied CBR materials and the pattern of conventional simple graded crushed rock, it was designed pavement structures to assess the technical and economic viability. The outcomes show that when the recycled materials are submitted to an appropriated compression, they act just like a simple graded crushed rock. It was found similarity in the sized structures with two kinds of aggregates. The final cost of the implementation in one of the proposed pavements was 47% less than with the use of recycled, despite the structure designed with this material have showed larger thicknesses.