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Análise dos relatórios de sustentabilidade do varejo supermercadista brasileiro de grande porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Resina, Rodrigo Alexandre; Mendes, Juliana Veiga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5692633697407656; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3659377843094413
The quest for sustainable development is becoming more widespread among government, private organizations and members of civil society, motivated primarily by environmental imbalance and social problems. So the companies conceptualize measure and work toward sustainability and it has become the goal of many of these organizations. This research aimed to analyze how large retail supermarkets companies, that have operation in Brazil, measure their practices aimed at sustainable development. It was carried out during the research, a review of theory and the multiple case studies exploratory; it realized the data collection through public documents (Sustainability reports). First, it’s analyzed 32 reports of 3 retail businesses for several years. It was analyzed as indicators of sustainability are reported by companies in the sector, it was also assessed developments in the application of sustainability reporting in retail and sustainability dimension is prioritized in the reporting of organizational management. It observed a non- regular reporting on sustainability in the periods analyzed, companies report a higher number of indicators related social issues and despite the use of the GRI indicators, the companies had different interpretations about the same indicators. Thus, it identified that companies need to improve their reports and using the external validation (audit) to ensure the transparency and quality of sustainable reporting, enabling the retail supermarket companies to act towards a sustainable management.
Práticas pedagógicas de uma professora de educação física de início de carreira: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Costa, Catia Silvana da; Monteiro, Maria Iolanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857947314718836
Early career, presented by its complexity, is still in a little explored topic in the world of teacher education. Given the importance of conducting research on the period and the interest in the implementation of actions directed to the initial and continuing training and start teaching, we intend, in this study, know and understand the pedagogical practices of a novice teacher of Physical Education and sources that influence the construction of knowledge in the course of his career. Based on this goal, we reflect on the teacher beginner, the characteristics and implications of this period, initial training in Physical Education, the dimensions of the processes of learning and professional development and teacher knowledge. Similarly, we contextualize Physical Education resuming its historical trajectory to provide visibility and understanding of the constitution of the area, we situate the various trends, we present the construction of the concept of body culture, based our education on a full-length, legislation for Physical Education and studies on the teaching of physical education in the early years of elementary school. Subsidized by qualitative research, we developed a case study with a Physical Education teacher in her fourth year of professional experience in the early years in two schools in the school system of the State Secretary of Education of São Paulo (SSE-SP) in Bauru. We conducted observations, interviews, analyzing documents, we characterize the teacher, contextualize schools and present how the analysis axes were constructed. Based on analyzes of the axes "school subject", "nature of practices: organization, reasoning and evaluation", "teachers dilemmas" and "challenges of physical education in school interventions, relationships and perspectives", consider the participant, not as a beginner teacher, but as a teacher of early career by moving between developing practices successful and some conflicts commonly experienced in the period from entry into teaching, evidence that generally are not defined by the literature on the subject. Such practices are based on a contextualized and interdisciplinary teaching perspective, redefines student learning beyond the procedures. The dialogue with the literature, exchanges with peers, courses and previous experiences reveal the intentionality of the actions of participants and their commitment to the students and the training itself. As a result, their practices relate to the characteristics of a good teacher and an experienced teacher and confirmed the need for public policies to understand the teacher as builder and transmitter of knowledge, to take ownership of this knowledge to propose actions to facilitate training and optimize the process of learning and professional development, helping to ease the hardships of his early career. Also, we intuit that this study may contribute to the early reflections essential to systematize guidelines for public policies for initial and continuing training of physical education teachers who work and who will act in the early years of elementary education in the schools of SSE-SP, and concomitantly promote new dialogues on pedagogical practices of teachers of Physical Education beginners.
Órteses em PVC para membro superior: utilização por terapeutas ocupacionais brasileiros, propriedades físicomecânicas e de toxicidade e desempenhos funcional e mioelétrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Silva, Larissa Galvão da; Vergotti, Iracema Serrat; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1040747791941406
Splints are devices whose function to stabilize, immobilize, prevent and correct deformities and maximizing the function and are currently manufactured in thermoplastic , especially low temperature. Was created a technique for making splints from thermoplastic PVC and high temperature due to the lack of scientific studies of the applicability of PVC for orthosis for the upper limb, proposed a study aiming to meet , compare and analyze aspects concerning the applicability of the materials and wrist splints made of two types of thermoplastics , the high temperature PVC and a low temperature Ezeform ®, commonly used for orthosis . The research involved the analysis of the factors for the use of materials, the analysis of the mechanical properties, thermal and toxicity of both materials and analysis of myoelectric and functional performances of subjects with and without orthoses on functional tests of manual dexterity . It was found that occupational therapists using PVC do this by being accessible in terms of cost of material and using Ezeform, the ease in modeling, PVC has high recyclability, and Ezeform, is more susceptible to deformation; functional performance volunteers with orthotics PVC and Ezeform is hindered significantly; especially with the PVC; the myoelectric activity of the upper fibers of the trapezius increases with both orthoses; especially with Ezeform of the biceps muscle did not change significantly and muscles radial extensor and flexor digitorum superficialis had the myoelectric amplitude decreased when the orthoses used and so that the orthosis with PVC myoelectric activity was lower.
Produção das enzimas acessórias feruloil esterase e xilanase por fungos filamentosos isolados da região amazônica e sua aplicação na hidrólise do bagaço de canade-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Braga, Cleiton Márcio Pinto; Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8333178384005254
Xylanase and feruloyl esterase (FAE) are two enzymes of great importance for plant biomass decomposition. The hemicellulose, one of the biomass constituents, has a great structural variety, so that for its complete deconstruction, several groups of enzymes are required, including mainly xylanases. These enzymes act on the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds between the xylose residues. Xylanase activity can be enhanced in the presence of esterases, such as feruloyl esterase (FAE), since the latter catalyzes the hydrolysis of linkages which make cell wall structure to be more intricated. Such connections are formed mainly by the ferulic acid esterified to sugar residues attached to the carbohydrate main chain. It is noteworthy that the ferulic acid cross-links to hemicellulose, pectin and lignin structures. Both enzymes are of interest in many sectors, for example, during the saccharification for bioethanol production and bleaching stages of pulp and paper industry. Therefore, this study aimed to select and cultivate filamentous fungi from the Amazon rainforest capable of synthesizing FAE and xylanase, and to evaluate the application of these enzymes in the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse. Initially, a screening was conducted on agar plates containing ethyl ferulate. Among eleven fungi tested, seven showed a clear halo around the colony, as indicative of FAE production. Then, the fungi were cultivated in liquid nutrient medium supplemented with 1% wheat bran, and, based on productivity values, three strains of Aspergillus oryzae (P21C3, P6B2 and P27C3) were chosen for cultivation in a stirred tank bioreactor. After 24 hours of cultivation of the P21C3 strain in the bioreactor, it was obtained a crude enzyme extract with 74.85 UI.mL-1 and 47.02 UI.L-1 of xylanase and FAE activity, respectively. This extract was used for the hydrolysis of hydrothermal pretreated sugarcane bagasse with supplementation of a commercial cellulolytic enzyme preparation. These hydrolysis reactions resulted in conversions of 51.2% (cellulose to glucose) and 78.1% (hemicellulose to xylose). Furthermore, the addition of the on-site produced enzyme extract increased the glucose release by 35.8% and the xylose release by 53.8%.
Processamento de conhecimento impreciso combinando raciocínio de ontologias fuzzy e sistemas de inferência fuzzy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Yaguinuma, Cristiane Akemi; Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8473904363105984
In Computer Science, ontologies are used for knowledge representation in a number of applications, aiming to structure and handle domain semantics through models shared by humans and computational systems. Although traditional ontologies model semantic information and support reasoning tasks, they are based on a formalism which is less suitable to express the vagueness inherent in real-world phenomena and human language. To address this issue, many proposals investigate how traditional ontologies can be extended by incorporating concepts from fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic, resulting in fuzzy ontologies. In special, combining the formalism from fuzzy ontologies with fuzzy rule-based reasoning, which has been successfully applied in the context of fuzzy inference systems, can lead to more expressive inferences involving imprecision. In this sense, this doctoral thesis aims at exploring the integration of fuzzy ontology reasoning with fuzzy inference systems, resulting in the definition and the development of two approaches: HyFOM (Hybrid integration of Fuzzy Ontology and Mamdani reasoning) and FT-FIS (Fuzzy Tableau and Fuzzy Inference System). HyFOM is based on a hybrid architecture combining reasoners for ontologies, fuzzy ontologies and fuzzy inference systems, focusing on the interaction among its independent components. FT-FIS defines an interface between a fuzzy tableau-based algorithm and a fuzzy inference system, including the fuzzyRuleReasoning predicate that allows fuzzy rule-based reasoning to be invoked whenever necessary for fuzzy ontology reasoning tasks. The main contribution of HyFOM and FT-FIS comes from their reasoning architectures, which combine flexibility in terms of fuzzy rule semantics with the collaboration between inferences from both types of reasoning. Experiments regarding the recommendation of touristic attractions, based on synthetic data, revealed that HyFOM and FT-FIS provide integrated inferences, in addition to a more expressive approximation of the relation defined by fuzzy rules than the results from the fuzzyDL reasoner. In experiments involving the evaluation of chemical risk in food samples, based on real data, results obtained by HyFOM and FT-FIS are also more precise than fuzzyDL results, in comparison with reference values available in this domain.
Classificação de ações de Z2k fixando espaços projetivos relativos a anéis diferentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Andrade, Allan Edley Ramos de; Pergher, Pedro Luiz Queiroz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3328545959112090; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6801447171421372
Let M be a closed smooth manifold and T : M ! M be an C1 involution defined on M. It is known that if F is the set of fixed points of T, then it is a finite union of closed submanifolds of M. Given F, a problem in this context is the classification, up to equivariant cobordism, of pairs (M; T) for which the fixed point set is F. In this work we performe the classification, up to equivariant cobordism, of Zk 2 -actions (Mn;Φ) fixing F with F being one of the following: F = KP2n [ KP2m+1; F = KP2n+1 [ KP2m+1 , where KP is the real, complex or quaternionic projective space. We also perform the classification, up to equivariant cobordism, of Z2 2-action whose fixed point set is KdP2n [ K2m+1 e and d < e, where KjP, j = 1; 2; 4 are respectively the real RP, complex CP and quaternionic HP projective spaces. Given that in this case appeared exotic actions, was important that the improvements that we made from the result of Pedro Pergher done in Theorem 3.4.1, which allowed us to obtain such classification.
Diagnóstico de conformidade do processamento de produtos para saúde: análise de indicadores de qualidade na atenção primária a saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Roseira, Camila Eugenia; Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6191593587072537
Health-associated infections (HAI) in non-hospital care is a subject still little explored in literature. Among measures that assist in the prevention and control of HAI is the quality of medical instruments processing which aims to avoid the risks from their use. In order to enable the assessment of medical instruments processing in Primary Health Care (PHC), were adapted and validated quality indicators to assess the practice of medical instruments processing for PHC. Assuming this, it was aimed to diagnose the completeness of the medical instruments processing in PHC health services and assess the usability of the instrument available. This is a study with two arms: the) non-experimental, correlational descriptive and b) methodological study. The hypothesis of this study is that there is difference in the medical instruments processing between Basic Health Units (BHU) and Family Health Centres (FHC). Data collection occurred in the city of São Carlos, in ten health services, selected by convenience. Seven health indicators were applied to evaluate the structure, process and result of that practice. This project was approved by Ethics and Research Committee of UFSCar n° 112,528. The results showed that this activity is a secondary practice in health units observed, because the professionals responsible for this activity are scaled to perform other activities concurrently. There are no records in any health service about medical instruments processing and testing for attesting the effectiveness of the process is not part of routine work. The cleaning process indicator was that had lower overall compliance index (18.18% for BHU and 20.00% for FHC), which deserves attention, given the importance of this step for the subsequent steps. Another point that deserves attention is that literature does not bring standardized information regarding the disinfection of medical instruments, which prevented this component was observed, and therefore suggests an aspect to be studied, so that it can assist professionals responsible for this to carry out disinfection safely for use of medical instruments. Regarding the usability of the indicators, the structure are the most achievable, being followed by the process and result. It should be noted that indicators that require sample are influenced directly by these in terms of implementation time. It is understood the need for studies about this topic on PHC, so that they are established strategies aimed at improving these factors contributing to occupational safety and patient.
Desenvolvimento da microestrutura do BaCeO3 dopado com ítrio sob a influência do ZnO como aditivo de sinterização: correlação com a condutividade protônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Macambira, Francisco José; Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4409418331384396
Yttrium-doped barium cerate perovskites are promising electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to high proton conductivity at intermediate temperature, 400-600°C. However, the proton conductivity is not an intrinsic characteristic but appears after proton insertion on the crystalline structure during heat treatment in rich hydrogen atmosphere. The relationship between proton insertion efficiency and the type of microstructure is still unclear. Another limiting factors in obtaining these perovskites is the high sintering temperature which modifies the stoichiometry generating secondary phases. In this work, the influence of ZnO as sintering aid on the microstructure development and also the influence of microstructure on the protonation process was systematically investigated. Pure and doped with 10% to 20 at% yttrium BaCeO3, with and without ZnO as sintering aid were prepared through oxide mixture, isostatically pressed and sintered at 1300-1600°C temperature range. The sintered samples were characterized by density measurement using Archimedes principle, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equiped with energy-dispersive X-ray detector (EDS) and impedance spectroscopy. The sintered samples microstructures were multiphase and the volumetric relation between the phases was dependent on yttrium content, ZnO addition, and sintering conditions. ZnO acts on the microstructure development through the binary BaO-CeO2 eutectic point but it is only effective as sintering aid in the presence of yttrium. Eutectics microstructures were obtained due the ZnO addition. The protonation efficiency and, in consequence, the electrical conductivity were microstructure dependent. The highest protonic conductivity, 1,44 x 10-2S/cm at 500 °C, was obtaining by 10 at.% yttrium-doped sample with 1.0 wt% of ZnO and sintered at 1600°C-8h.
Complexos de rutênio(II) com potenciais atividades antitumorais: síntese, caracterização e ensaios biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Reis, João Paulo Barolli; Batista, Alzir Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1949908405457184
In this thesis phosphinic ruthenium complexes coordinated to ligands of biological interest: folic acid, 6-mercaptopurine, 2-mercaptopyridine and 8-aminoquinoline, dpqQX, dppz and dpq (dipyridophenazine and derivatives) mainly, were synthesised from the precursor complexes [RuCl2(PPh3)3], [RuCl2(dppb)(PPh3)] and cis- [RuCl2(dppb)(bipy)] and characterized by the usual techniques: 1H, 31P{1H} and 13C{1H}, IR, UV-Vis, molar conductimetry, elemental analysis, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, mass spectrometry and X ray diffraction of single crystal when applicable. The synthesized complexes showed values of E1/2 larger than their corresponding precursors, and in the case of complexes with folic acid presented irreversibility in the oxidation of ruthenium. Molar conductance measurements and elemental analysis corroborated the proposed formulae and the study of crystals solved by X ray diffraction confirmed the expected structures. The complexes (series I-III) were evaluated in vitro against MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cell beyond in mouse fibroblast cells. The Ru-FO complexes (series I) has been activity against breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, suggesting that small structural modifications presented variation in cytotoxic activity. The ruthenium complexes coordinated to dpqQX, dppz and dpq ligands (series II) were very active and selective against breast cancer cells studied. Studies of their Interaction with ct-DNA confirmed the existence of interaction by intercalation mainly of these complexes (series II).
O ensino de propriedades periódicas através do lúdico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Zamboni, Geovana; Marques, Rosebelly Nunes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7921735904003583; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9818677025544600
Due to the importance of using instructional resources in the classroom and of the understanding these are tools to support the teaching, the focus of this research was the creation and evaluation of a didactic game in development of chemical content, involving Periodic Properties. This activity was implemented in E. E. Prof. Marcelo de Mesquita in the city of Ipeúna - SP, with students of two classrooms of Highschool 1st grade. The following step of the research involved: a) the study of Nowadays Chemistry Teaching; b) an investigation of Didactic Resources for Teaching in Brazilian context; c) the teaching of Periodic Properties in Textbooks and Curriculum Proposals of São Paulo State, with the purpose of identify how this content was put to the teachers and also support the development of issues that formed the database of questions used in the game; d) the theoretical study on Didactic Games, to identify what kind of game to develop, and the choice was creating a software. We chose the use of technology in the classroom by creating an electronic game because it presents important instructional possibilities for the Basic Education s teacher. The research was exploratory and its methodology had a qualitative approach to assist in the data collection and its analysis. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires and researcher s observations. The game practice has two parts and one is for diagnostic evaluation. In the diagnostic moment, the students have answered a questionnaire about the Periodic Table and Periodic Properties before the activity and after this played the didactic game itself. Henceforth the students answered another questionnaire about the Periodic Table, its properties and its used resources. By data analysis it was noticed that the game contributed to improve students learning skills, but it s clear that the game is not a self-sufficient tool to teach contents, it must be linked to a sequence of didactic tools, supported by the teacher, considering the pace of pupils' learning and particularity of specific content.
Controle químico e a influência da palha de cana-de-açúcar e da profundidade de semeadura na emergência de plantas daninhas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-13) Silva, Paulo Vinicius da; Monquero, Patricia Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9428251941902990
The implementation of the mechanized system of the sugar cane has lead a number of direct and indirect benefits to the sugar cane culminating changes in the productive system, among them, changing the infesting flora and the herbicide dynamic. On account of that, this present paper has as goal to study the emergency aspects and the chemical handling of the weeds species. Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban (Convolvulaceae); Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth (Convolvulaceae); Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper e Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) e Ricinus communis (L.) (Euphorbiaceae). It was developed two experiments in the greenhouse of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP. The first has studied, isolated, the emergency ability of the weeds in designs entirely randomized in factorial scheme 4 x 5, being analyzed in four amount of straw (0,5,10 and 15t ha), five depths of sowing(0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm) with for repetition in soil with clayey texture. The emergency percentage of the plants was evaluated until 21 days after the sowing, when the leaf area was also evaluated (cm2), dry mass (g) and height (cm). The second experiment evaluated after emergency controlling of weeds, through the curves of response with amicarbazone herbicide (1400 g ha-1), saflufenacil (50 g ha-1), mesotrione( 120g ha-1) and sulfentrazone(600g ha-1). The herbicides were administered when the weeds presented until the second pair of real leaves, in doses 1,5 D; 1,0 D; 0, 5 D, 0,25 D e o 0,00 D, where D means a commercial dose of product. The evaluations were made after 7, 14 and 21 days the application of the treatments (DAS) and the dry mass after 21. In relation to the emergency ability, the species analyzed presented different responses on account of the sowing depth and the amount of straw placed on the soil surface. For the species of L. aegyptiaca, I. purpurea, R. communis the sowing that was more supercial resulted in a higher percentagem of emercengy of seedlings, regarding the placement of M. atterima seeds to the 0 cm it has resulted in a less number of seedlings. The L. aegyptiaca, M. aterrima e I. purpurea species had presentend less leaf area, height and dry mass at t he moment the seeds were placed in a supercial way (0cm). In relation to the herbicides administration after emergency condition of the weeds, it has verified that the application of amicarbazone provided levels of controlling to 80% in all the doses administered except de R. communist showing to be efficient on weeds handling. The saflunefacil wasn t efficient on L.aegyptiaca controlling and the mesotrione wasn´t efficient on controlling levels to 80% in all the species and doses used. On account of that we can conclude the species analyzed presented adaptation to the harvesting system without previous burning emerging up to 10cm and 15 t ha-1straw on the soil. The response given by the plants has showed changes, in relation to the chemical handling was observed that different levels of susceptibility of weeds regarding to the herbicides administered after emergency, being more efficient amicarbazone and sulfentrazone.