Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2013-12-20"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 17654

Estudo da aplicação da técnica de Trabalho Essencial da Fratura (EWF) na análise da tenacidade à fratura de sistemas poliméricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-20)
Finocchio, Henrique
;
Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4221003986826298
Polymeric materials, including polymer blends and composites are used in a great variety of engineering applications. Toughness, which is associated to the capacity of the material to absorb energy before its break, is frequently an important characteristic to many high-performance applications becoming essential the use of effective methods to determine the intrinsic toughness of a material in order to increase the possibility of development and applications concerning polymeric materials establishing a relationship between fracture behavior and morphology. The method Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) has been receiving special attention to determine the toughness of high ductility polymers, however, sometimes, a low discerning use of the technique concerning the theory and the correct preparation of specimen of polymeric systems.This way, it was developed a very selective procedure to the preparation specimen which is the main step to obtain precise results. In order to expand EWF technique application and to evaluate the fracture toughness, in this work the fracture behavior of three different polymeric systems was observed. Two of them showed an excellent response to the technique. The nanocomposites of blends HDPE/LLDPE and OMMT and Polypropylene/Glass Fiber composites, both semi-crystalline materials, with ductile behavior. On the other hand, observing the other system, nanostructured blends SAN/PBT, with brittle behavior, the EWF method applied in this work showed to be inappropriate. Therefore, there was an improvement concerning the understanding of limitations and peculiarities of the EWF technique, which is nowadays a very useful tool to characterize the toughness of ductile polymeric materials althought it still has some limitations related to brittle materials.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação toxicológica de filmes comestíveis hidrofóbicos com incorporação de nanopartículas de quitosana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-20)
Scramin, Juliana Aparecida
;
Forato, Lucimara Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9221673810542059
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6021865875827160
The sweet sorghum is being evaluated as an alternative for the production ethanol during between harvest the sugar cane crop residue and part of this production consists of grains, rich in storage proteins, known as kafirins. In this work were extracted and characterized the kafirins of sweet sorghum cultivar BR 501 (white) free of tannins, with and without reducing agent, and the same were characterized by gel electrophoresis containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS/PAGE). The secondary structures of kafirins were studied by spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared and solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (continue...).
Deleuze e Bergson. Tensão, esforço e fadiga na instauração filosófica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-20)
Silva, Cleber Daniel Lambert da
;
Marques, Silene Torres
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0648227163171734
Nous proposons une lecture de certains aspects des deux pensées de Deleuze et de Bergson, ainsi que de leur rapport, à la lumière du problème de l instauration philosophie. Il s agit de dramatiser une dispute entre les deux philosophes qui s exprime à travers une divergence entre deux problèmes. D un côté, le problème principiel par lequel Bergson aurait entreprit la restauration de l ontologie, en substituant au principe figé, éternel et transcendant de la metaphysique grecque, le principe mouvant, temporel et immanent d une métaphysique renouvellée. D un autre côté, le problème pratique par lequel Deleuze rend à la philosophie sa puissance instaurative, en ressonance avec d autres pratiques (art, sciences, droit, etc.). Il en découle deux performances ou deux modes de fonctionnement divers de la machine à penser : la spéculation et l instauration. Si nous comprénons la pensée dans son rapport de tension avec le chaos, sa performance spéculative cherche à s‟en protéger à travers un principe. La performance instaurative exige la plongée de la pensée dans le chaos pour y tracer plan qui se tient dans une station athlétique, irréductible aux opinions, inattribuable à un principe. Ce n est qu à cette condition que la pensée fait oeuvre. Finallement, en impliquant des rapports non seulement avec les champs physique, organique et psycho-sociaux, mas avec la Terre, notre analyse devient géophilosophique et opère un décentrement qui doit la conduire, par delà les deux marges de la philosophie, la Grèce (forme du passé) et l Occident (forme du présent), à une troisième marge : instauration de l Île-Brésil (forme du futur).
Simulador de arquitetura para processamento de imagens usando programação genética cartesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-20)
Paris, Paulo Cesar Donizeti
;
Pedrino, Emerson Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6481363465527189
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5649687017474031
The tools offered by the area of Mathematical Morphology are very effective when applied to the analysis of binary images, which it is of great importance in areas such as: robotic vision, visual inspection, among others. Such tools, beside to Evolutionary Computation and based on genotype-phenotypes mappings allow computational tasks be performed automatically without explicit programming, which leads to the motivation, in the search of a way of reducing the degree of difficulty often found by human experts in performing tasks of selecting linear operators to be used in morphological filters. Moreover, if such tasks require fast processing on the images, it is necessary the use of architectures implemented in hardware, which it is not too trivial to be done. In this work, a hardware architecture simulator has been implemented for image processing, based on Cartesian Genetic Programming, which automatically builds filters for processing binary images, i.e., automatically build a sequence of logical and morphological operators that produces filters to obtain an approximate of the desired images. The results obtained from several experiments of transformation of these images are presented and comparatively analyzed in relation to previous results available in the literature. Based on these results, it will be possible to study the behavior of such architecture, through the variation of the parameters of the genetic procedure in the simulator environment. Thus, it will be possible to infer if the architecture is suitable or not for a desired application, so facilitating the process of design and implementation of it in hardware.
Protocolos de segurança do paciente: proposta de um recurso educacional informatizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-12-20)
Camargo, André Bueno de
;
Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6825559676046599
This study aimed to develop a computerized educational resource on Patient Safety, and propose a Choosing Priorities in Education Service Tool, which give rise to a questionnaire rank the educational actions which should be priority. The creation of this resource was marked in Planning Learning Activities Supported by Computers, which is a methodology for developing educational content supported by computer. Evaluated the technical quality and usability of the resource based on the scale SUS (System Usability Scale), which quickly evaluates the usability of systems. The feature that prioritizes the educational measures was evaluated positively, can turn into a powerful educational tool in nursing education.
The general public's access and use of health information: a case study from Brazil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014)
Silva-Jerez, Nelson Sebastian
;
Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7157978490951972
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
The aim of the research was to map how members of the general public in Brazil find, access, evaluate and use health information found on the internet. Method. A survey of structured questions was made available online using Limesurvey, the same instrument being used as a protocol for face-to-face structured interviews with members of the public randomly selected. Analysis. The collected data underwent statistical analysis, performing simple correlations with variables of age, gender and occupation. Adapting the monitoring tool developed by Niemelä et al., a score for the participants' degree of everyday health information literacy was generated based on the participants' own perceptions of how they carry out certain daily information tasks. Results. Although participants obtain health information from medical and/or scientific sources, overall they lack confidence in their own skills to retrieve information and assess its reliability. Perceived credibility of health information sources on the Internet was higher for scientific articles, although only a quarter of participants in fact use these. Many participants claim to have used, or would use, health information found on the Internet in the decision-making process, including to change doctors. Conclusions. There was an identified latent desire to use more reliable information - understood in this research as being that of scientific, peer-reviewed and open access origin - in everyday health issues. Participants' relatively low estimation of their health information literacy skills could be tackled with public programmes directly aimed at minimising this perceived lacuna.
Caracterização do limiar de dor e presença de pontos gatilho de dor em crianças típicas: comparação com adultos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-10)
Sacramento, Luciane da Silva
;
Sendín, Francisco Alburquerque
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6367201940182830
Myofascial pain, represented by points miofascias trigger (MTrPs), has a high prevalence in healthy adults. However, in the case of children, it is not known very well for its occurrence, and even if she is related to dominance and the sensitivity of these individuals before external stimuli, as occurs in pain assessed by pressure pain threshold (PPT). The objectives of this study were to identify the possible presence of MTrPs in typical children featuring their PPTs in the scapular region, and to verify the relationship between the two variables (MTrPs and PPTs). These results were obtained from healthy adults were also compared. Were selected 35 adults (14 men and 21 women; 23, 43 ± 3.42 years; 1.70 ± 0.10 m; 62.90 ± 10.98 kg) and 35 children (15 boys and 20 girls; 9.14 ± 1.68 years; 1.38 ± 0.10 m; 32.41 ± 7.02 kg), with no history of shoulder pathology or cervical spine. All participants underwent investigation with respect to the presence of MTrPs the shoulder musculature and evaluation of the PPT in the regions of neck, shoulder and anterior tibial, by the standards validated in the literature.The X² test was used to compare the distribution of each muscle in latent trigger points (latent TrPs) between groups. After the analysis of normality, parametric tests (test - Student's t for paired and unpaired) and nonparametric (U-Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon tests) were used to compare the amount of PPTs and latent TrPs between groups and sides. Children showed fewer latent TrPs (0.94 ± 1.34) than adults (2.02 ± 2.18). The upper trapezius muscle was more affected by MTrPs reaching 13 adults on the dominant side. The children had lower PPTs compared to healthy adults (P< 0.05). All PPTs correlated with each other in both groups moderately/high. Only adults showed correlations between the amount of latent TrPs and on both sides in total and PPTs. It is concluded that typical children have fewer and smaller latent TrPs and PPTs compared to healthy adults demonstrated to be more sensitive to pain. The pressure sensitive shoulder correlates with the presence of latent TrPs in asymptomatic adults, in other words, children PPTs are associated with increased presence of latent TrPs pattern lacking in children.
Risco operacional: o cálculo do capital regulatório usando dependência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-16)
Gonçalves, Débora Delbem
;
Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4283676071804831
In this paper we propose a new method for the calculation of regulatory capital required for operational risk. This method is based on some important assumptions for calculation of this capital, for instance, expert opinion, dependence between loss variables considering the joint probability associated to two loss events. The copula theory is applied to determine this joint probability. Furthermore, we present two more methods, sum method proposed by Basel II Accord (2004) and non-perfect correlation method proposed by Frachot et al. (2004). Finally, we perform a simulation studies in order to compare all the methods presented in this dissertation.
Applications of NMR techniques: Hyphenations (LC-SPENMR), affinity (DOSY) and NOE based (STD and Tr-OESY) to probe the binding interactions of ligands (synthetic and natural) towards protein
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-17)
Ahmad, Sheraz
;
Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7456903557541399
O foco principal desse trabalho foi a implementação, otimização e aplicações práticas de métodos de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) com o propósito de avaliar as interações entre moléculas de diferentes massas molares, sendo que essas técnicas foram implementadas pela primeira vez no laboratório de RMN do DQ-UFSCar. Existem várias abordagens que podem ser utilizadas com esse propósito, e dentre elas, destacamos: STD NMR, Tr-NOESY, WaterLOGSY, SALMON, INPHARMA, DOSY, SAR. Esses métodos são muito úteis para detectar mudanças de comportamento, a nível molecular, quando adicionamos macromoléculas em um meio contendo somente micromoléculas. O entendimento desse comportamento molecular ajuda a desvendar sistemas complexos de interações moleculares existentes no corpo humano, e que, são muito importantes para o descobrimento de novos medicamentos. O primeiro passo para a implementação das técnicas foi a utilização da proteína de soro bovino (do inglês BSA) e proteína de soro humano (do inglês HSA) como fonte de macromoléculas e micromoléculas orgânicas isoladas da fração etanólica do extrato bruto (1 mg) de Rauia resinous e da fração acetato de etila de Strypnodendron polyphyllum, utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, extração por fase sólida e a ressonância magnética nuclear (CLAE-EFS/RMN) para a completa elucidação estrutural quando necessário. As técnicas utilizadas foram: saturation transfer difference (STD), transfer nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy (Tr-NOESY) e STD-TOCSY (total correlation spectroscopy). Essa mesma metodologia além de representar um importante mecanismo para avaliar as interações entre moléculas, também pode ser utilizada para outras matrizes variando tanto as macro quanto as micromoléculas.
Estudo do comportamento autonômico cardíaco e do acoplamento cardiorrespiratório em pacientes portadores da Síndrome da Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono: efeitos da obesidade e do envelhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-17)
Trimer, Renata
;
Silva, Audrey Borghi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3102516235444475
The thesis consisted of three studies described below. The Study I, entitled: Is there a chronic sleep stage-dependent linear and nonlinear cardiac autonomic impairment in obstructive sleep apnea? The aim of this study was to perform HRV analysis in apneafree samples as well as during stage 2 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in mild and moderate OSA (MiOSA andMOSA,respectively) subjects as well as health controls (NonOSA). Methods This study included 20 MiOSA (37±14 years), 20 MOSA (39±8 years), and 18 NonOSA (36±8 years) subjects. Subjects underwent in-laboratory overnight polysomnography with electrocardiography recording. HRV indices were obtained by analyzing the R R intervals (RRi) in 5-min apnea-free samples by the linear frequency domain [low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF], Poincaré plot [standard deviation (SD1) and (SD2)], recurrence plot [mean line length (Lmean)], recurrence rate (REC), determinism (DET), and Shannon entropy (ShanEn). The MOSA group presented with higher LF, LF/HF and DET indices compared to NonOSA as well as a lower parasympathetic index (HF), suggesting sympathetic hyperactivity in MOSA subjects. Interestingly, MiOSA subjects failed to show the expected linear HRV difference between sleep stages, as observed in NonOSA, which may represent an early onset of autonomic impairment at this stage of OSA. In OSA patients, there is a chronic sleep stage dependent impairment of linear and nonlinear cardiac autonomic modulation. Interestingly, this impairment may be identifiable during the early stages of the disease. The Study II, entitled: Heart Rate Variability and Cardio-Respiratory Coupling during sleep in Patients prior to Bariatric Surgery The aim of this study was to determine the relationship among severity of obesity, autonomic cardiac regulation, respiratory variations, and cardio-respiratory coupling during different sleep stages (SS), using spectral analysis of HRV and respiration variability (RS) signals in patients pre-operative BS. 29 consecutive pre-operative BS and ten eutrophic subjects (controls) underwent polysomnography. The spectral and cross-spectral parameters of the HRV and RS were computed during different SS. Spectral analysis of the HRV and RV indicated lower respiration regularity during sleep, and a lower HRV in obese patients (OP) during all SS when compared with controls (p<0.05). Severely (SO) and super obese patients (SOP) presented lower values of LF/HF ratio and LF power during REM sleep and higher HF power (p<0.05), while morbidly obese (MO) presented lower LF/HF ratio and LF power in SS-S2 and higher HF power when compared to controls (p<0.05). The cross-spectral parameters showed that SOP presented lower % of tachogram power coherent with respiration in SS-S3 when compared to controls (p<0.05). Patients prior to BS presented altered HRV and RV in all SS. SO, MO and SOP presented altered cardiorespiratory coupling during sleep and these alterations are related with severity of obesity and OSA parameters. Our third study entitled "Contrasts of heart rate variability and cardio respiratory coupling in young and elderly patients with OSA", aimed to contrast the impact of OSAS between young and old in HRV and CRC. It also seeks to establish whether age impacts differently on HRV and CRC during different sleep stages using spectral analysis of HRV and RV in young and elderly patients with and without OSA. The spectral analysis of HRV showed that the presence of OSA negatively impacted on HRV youth, with higher values of LF/HF (p <0.05) during wakefulness and different sleep stages with lower values of LF/HF during S2 and REM sleep (p <0.05). We also observed that age negatively affected HRV during wakefulness and sleep in elderly with higher LF/HF during waking. Young and old with OSA had significantly lower % of tachogram power coherent with respiration only during wakefulness (p <0.05). The presence of OSA has a negative impact on HRV in young and elderly, with reduced autonomic modulation during waking and REM sleep. Age has a negative impact on HRV during wakefulness and sleep in the elderly. The presence of OSA and age affect negatively the ACR during wakefulness.
Termodinâmica de modelos integráveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-20)
Tavares, Thiago Silva
;
Ribeiro, Giuliano Augustus Pavan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7955854896355856
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0662651860802736
In this work we study the thermodynamics of integrable spin chains, like the Heisenberg model and it's spin-s generalization with competing interactions. We have used the quantum transfer matrix approach and obtained a finite set of non-linear integral equations in each case. From the numerical solution of these equations we plotted phase diagrams by varying the parameters h (external magnetic field) and ωj, which couples the different competitive interactions.
Fortalecimento muscular na osteoartrite de joelho de ratos: implicações locais e sistêmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-22)
Vasilceac, Fernando Augusto
;
Rosa, Stela Márcia Mattiello Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1220838672192063
Osteoarthritis is the most common disease among the elderly ostemioarticular, being of great relevance for public health and for studies related to aging processes. In this context, the muscle strengthening becomes important as a major strategy in the rehabilitation of individuals with osteoarthritis. Much research in the area have been developed, but there are few studies that have advanced the timely investigation of the effects of exercise for muscle strengthening in key local and systemic manifestations of osteoarthritis. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the possible effects of a protocol for muscle strengthening in the main manifestations of knee osteoarthritis in rats. To achieve this goal, 3 studies were developed: Physical exercises in animal models of osteoarthritis: a literature review; Influence of muscle strengthening on knee osteoarthritis in rats according to the recommendations for the histological evaluation of OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International); Effect of muscle strengthening on knee osteoarthritis biomarkers of rats. Based on our main findings, we identified the lack of studies in the area to investigate the effect of exercise on muscle strengthening animal models of osteoarthritis. This result that spurred our investigation. It was also identified that exercise muscle building became the evolution of slower disease, to a lesser extent of degeneration and cartilage damage. Finally, complementing our initial findings, muscle strengthening reduced the local expression of biomarkers such as caspase-3, metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-13 and interleukin-6. He also served in the systemic expression of interleukin-6, demonstrating a protective effect for biomarkers of cartilage catabolism investigated. Therefore, exercise muscle strength building has the potential to act on the principal manifestations of osteoarthritis, whether local or systemic. The application of this type of exercise with care and support in the literature, but also recommended the development of new studies that investigate the effect of muscle strengthening in other manifestations of osteoarthritis.
Filtragem de ruído speckle em imagens de radar de abertura sintética por filtros de média não local com transformação homomórfica e distâncias estocásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-23)
Penna, Pedro Augusto de Alagão
;
Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3366188668459058
The development of new methods and noisy images filtering techniques still attract researchers, which seek to reduce the noise with the minimal loss of details, edges, resolution and removal of fine structures of the image. Moreover, it is extremely important to expand the capacity of the filters for the different noise models present in the Image and Signal Processing literature, like the multiplicative noise speckle, present in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. This Master s degree thesis aims to use a recent denoising algorithm: the nonlocal means (NLM), developed for the additive white gaussian noise (AWGN), and expand, analyze and compare its capacity for intensity SAR images denoising (despeckling), which are contaminated with the speckle. This expansion of the NLM filter is based with the use of the stochastic distances and the comparison of the estimated parameters with de G0 and the inverse Gamma distributions. Finally, this work compares the synthetic and real results of the proposed filter with some filters of the literature.
Validação de SNPs associados com área de olho de lombo em bovinos Canchim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-24)
Lima, Andressa Oliveira de
;
Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264911787257919
The Beef cattle production is a very important economic activity for Brazil, which is a global producer and exporter of bovine-derived products and currently contains the world s largest beef cattle herd. However, the majority Brazilian cattle are adapted to a tropical climate and have low meat and carcass quality. The crossbreeding between Charolais and Zebu animals resulted in development of Canchim breed. This breed shows better resistance to high temperatures and parasites, as well as better meat and carcass quality. New genotyping and computational technologies can enable the use of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in breeding programs. The high demand for meat quality and the aggressive competition among other beef exporting countries justifies studies focused on improving carcass traits, such as ribeye area (REA), which can provide more efficiency production of meat cuts for consumption. The objective in this study was to validate SNPs selected in a previous genomewide association study (GWAS) for REA performed by Random Forest methodology in 400 animals genotyped with the BovineHD BeadChip ( Illumina®) which yielded a set of 197 SNPs. First, we analyzed the linkage disequilibrium (LD), and then we annotated the associated regions. After verifying this set of SNPs, we selected four SNPs located on BTA4, BTA10, BTA22 and BTA27 for validation purposes. These SNPs were genotyped by RFLPPCR in approximately 712 bovine. We analyzed the genetic effect of these SNPs the using GLM procedure in SAS (P ≤ 0,05), which identified SNPs in BTA4 and BTA27 as contributing some genetic effect on REA. Furthermore, we found significant additive effect (P≤ 0,05) for the SNP on BTA 27, and a significant dominance effect for the SNP in BTA 4 using the ASReml software. The GWAS for REA identified one region between 34989224pb and 36989224pb using haplotype association analysis with the PLINK software that indicated two regions (P≤ 0,05) in the SFRP1 and ANK1 genes associated with REA.
Narrativas autobiográficas de professores iniciantes no ensino superior: trajetórias formativas de docentes do curso de Letras-Inglês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-24)
Cunha, Renata Cristina da
;
Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1215596443300304
This work has as an object of study the academic process of teachers that are at the beginning of their careers starting from their oral and written autobiographical stories, motivated by the leading question: What experiences have the English teachers experienced before the teaching profession and in the beginning of their careers are configured as formative after they becoming Higher Education professionals? To respond to this leading question, there were stated the following objectives: General objective: To know and analyze the autobiographical stories of the English teachers that are working for UESPI in the English course, beginners in the higher education field about the formative experiences acquired before the teaching work and in the beginning of their careers. Specific objectives: 1) To describe and analyze the researched participants memories-reference revealing time, space and the context of formation and learning of the profession before entering the higher education; 2) To characterize and analyze the experiences lived by the interlocutors of the research when they started their careers of teaching in higher education; 3) To identify and discuss the effective reflections through the production of oral and written autobiographical narratives to reveal the experiences gathered by the research subjects all through their life trajectory. An autobiographical survey was carried on with a methodology of qualitative approach reaching out to the authors such as Clandinin and Connelly (1995, 2000), Bolívar (2002), Souza (2004, 2006a, 2006b), among others. Three English teachers collaborated with this study, all of them beginners in the career of higher education at UESPI, Parnaíba (PI). To achieve the objectives of this research, that was done through 2012, there were used the formation memorial, reflective letters and the interactive meetings. The content of the research corpus was analyzed based in Bardin s proposal (2006). The produced data were analyzed based on the theoretical approach studied about the fresh teacher, formative experiences of autobiographical stories, and they were organized around four key areas and their respective indicators: 1) First learning experiences: the experiences brought by each collaborator; 2) Schooling stories: school and university as formative environment; 3) Teaching formative experience: the practicing of teaching as a source of learning: 4) Autobiographical dialogues: Formative possibilities to work independently. The research interlocutors oral and written narratives confirmed that the formative process of each teacher is directly connected to its life trajectory that has guided the gathered learning and the developed practicing throughout their lifetime. What they bring to themselves is the formative experiences and memories-references that set apart the three protagonists of their own history.
Professores da zona rural em início de carreira: narrativas de si e desenvolvimento profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-24)
Ferreira, Lúcia Gracia
;
Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2208995326703695
The discussion about rural teachers is emergent in Brazil, and few studies on this topic are identified, specially when we focus on the beginning of the career and the learning of the teaching of rural teachers. Thus, this research aims to contribute to this field of study, analyzing how the practice of (self) formation of rural teachers in the early years of the teaching career is configured. From the qualitative research, (auto) biographical approach and the method of life stories, this research was developed with a view to unveiling the formative paths of beginning teachers from rural municipalities of Macarani and Maiquinique, Bahia, belonging to the territory of identity of the Middle Southwest. I used as sources of data collection instruments such as questionnaires, letters, diary and narrative interview, through which I could refer to the memory of the participants and the redemption of their life stories, trying to understand aspects of life-formation. The narratives of the letters, diaries and interviews were triangulated in order to improve the interpretation and analysis of data. The research-formation was the search procedure, given the merit of performing at the same time the procedure of investigation and formation, highlighting the formation process from both the narratives of the research and research collaborators. The study showed that there is no research on beginning teachers of rural areas in Brazil, calling attention to the emergence of the theme. It also ratified that the path of the learning of the teaching of rural teachers is long and fraught with peculiarities and that the social, cultural, personal and professional dimensions make up the production/mobilization of knowledge of these rural beginner teachers. The memories showed to be revealing the subjects and the (auto) biographical narratives, an important formative source; through them the formation course was redone outlining new meanings. These teachers face difficulties that underlie the lack of initial and continuing formation because they act in a mixed level class of Adult Education and act in precarious conditions. So, many factors differentiate the start of teaching in the countryside from that which occurs in other areas and they are identified as ruralities that cross this professional experience. In this study, it was part of this teacher formation trajectory the written narratives, potentiating the professional development, because teachers beginning their careers in rural narrate about learning, rural teaching practices, knowledge, relationships with students, the rural school, job satisfaction, about the personal self and how these narratives are essential components in the teaching establishment. Therefore, the narratives themselves are configured as practical formation of rural teachers beginning their careers.
Uma abordagem diferente para o ensino da função exponencial no Ensino Médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-24)
Angelucci, Michel
;
Costa, Ivo Machado da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1111331485581633
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0230925912763463
The objective of this essay is to propose a different approach to teaching the exponential function in high school. This new approach aims to provide a meaningful learning related to the subject exponential function, since students and teachers sometimes have difficulty understanding this concept, especially when it comes to real exponents. The work was based on preparation of some activities based on the Theory of Didactical Situations and applied following the methodology of the Didactic Engineering. There were basically five activity sheets, three of them were printed and two of them were spreadsheets. The problems and exercises aimed to examine and extend the validity of the fundamental property of exponential functions, that is, f(m + n) = f(m):f (n) for the dominance of natural numbers, integer, rational, real, and for the last one, we only worked with spreadsheets, specifically in the activity sheet number 5, to afford students an understanding about how the calculator obtains the approximate result of 2 √2 for example. The spreadsheet was also used in the activity sheet number 4, which deals with rational exponents. On this one we present an algorithm for the approximate calculation of nth roots of any real number. The activity sheets have been developed in order to provide students with maximum autonomy so that they could resolve them, being interspersed with adjunct sheets in order to introduce the new concept and theory discussed in the following activity sheet. The activities were implemented at a state school in It´apolis, and the results in a final analysis showed that this approach supplied a significant learning compared to traditional teaching.
Compreendendo a influência da titânia no processamento da alumina eletrofundida marrom e sua caracterização para aplicações abrasivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-28)
Passos, Edmilson Ricelli dos
;
Rodrigues, José de Anchieta
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4000441989868775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9808778046507780
Motivated by increased consumption of abrasive grains and the need of the abrasive market to develop roughing, polishing and increasiling efficient cutting tools, this work aimed to understand the influence of titania in obtaining "blue fired" fused aluminum oxide. This is a material obtained from the brown fused aluminum oxide, which is subjected to a heat treatment and consequently gets higher physical properties than the conventional brown aluminum oxide sold. To ensure that the "blue fired" aluminum oxide acquires the physicochemical characteristics required by the market, it should have a blue color and a friability inferior than brown fused aluminum oxide. Given the strong market demand for this type of product, Elfusa Geral de Eletrofusão LTDA has been working on improving the technology for obtaining industrial scale "blue fired" aluminum oxide since 2009. In this context Elfusa proposed the Coordinator of Process Engineering and Development, Edmilson Ricelli dos Passos, a technological and systematic study on the production of "blue fired" aluminum oxide. Thus, this work discusses the process of electrofusion of bauxite to obtain the "blue fired" aluminum oxide, as well as a comparison of the mechanical properties of this material with conventional brown fused aluminum oxides. Both process variables as the influence of the chemical composition were analyzed during the study, using physical and chemical characterization techniques. It has been proved in this work that controlling for time, temperature and atmosphere variables is essential for the production of "blue fired" aluminum oxide. The blue coloration of the aluminum oxide is explained by electronic transition optical phenomena is the formation of aluminum titanate phase, as some explanations found in the technical literature state.
Efeitos da temperatura e do estado metabólico sobre a função cardíaca do jacaré-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-28)
Lopes, André Guelli
;
Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7831989297659041
Phenomena as feeding and thermoregulation can challenge both the cardiac output and heart rate (fH). Postprandial changes in many physiological patterns are typically recorded for ectotherms, although predominantly studied in snakes. Furthermore, thermoregulation is a critical process to ensure different survival and reproduction strategies from reptiles. Ventricular preparations in vitro were used to investigate the inotropic plasticity at 30 ºC and 25 ºC and during fasting (30 days fasting group) and after feeding (2 days digesting group). No significant differences were verified in the relative ventricular mass (RVM) after feeding. The peak tension (Fc) was significantly higher and rates (dFc/dt) of contraction (TC) and relaxation (TR) were faster at 25° C than at 30° C for both experimental groups. However, feeding caused significant increase in peak tension (PT) at both temperatures (396.7 % at 30 ºC and 416.7 % at 25 ºC). A significant post-rest potentiation was recorded for digesting group at 25 ºC (121.0 ± 6.4 %), which was inhibited by ryanodine (86.0 ± 2.9 %). At 30 ºC, myocytes from fasting group were able to support higher frequencies (up to 1.6 Hz) than at 25 ºC (up to 1.0 Hz), even with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) blocked by 10 μM ryanodine (RYA). Data from digestion group showed greater values of the Fc and reached higher frequencies than fasting group, at both temperatures. However, pre-treatment with RYA decreased PT in frequencies between 1.4 and 1.8 Hz for digesting group at 30 ºC. Sarcolemma mechanisms were more representative in the fasting group at 25 ºC, but the SR must contribute to increased speed of contractility under those conditions. During SDA, the SR seem representative at 25 ºC, however the positive inotropic effect caused by SDA enlarged sarcolemma mechanisms representativeness. The SR significance at 30 °C seems critical during high frequencies. At this temperature, the SDA increases the contractility efficiency, even with the RS blocked, despite the relaxation and Fc development at high frequencies been present impaired. Our results indicate that Caiman latirostris myocytes show large inotropic plasticity at different temperatures, frequencies and metabolic states.
A memória na aprendizagem matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-01-29)
Ferraz, Juliana Schlatter de Lima
;
Peixoto, Magda da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0413910306376054
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8296439306806022
The present work arose from a need to better understand the cognitive of students, not only as students, but as human beings. To do so, through a bibliographic research in neurology, psychology and pedagogy in order to understand the process of memorization, what types of information are more easily remembered and what can assist in this process. Furthermore, it approaches some concepts that may have lost its meaning in the routine usage, e.g. the concept of intelligence. A brief study of students and implementation of activities aimed at diagnosing the functioning of working memory was also done.