Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-02-10"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 17539

Economia solidária e dinâmica familiar de catadores de materiais recicláveis: um estudo no campo ciência, tecnologia e sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-10)
Secco, Letícia Dal Picolo Dal
;
Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5703683100332513
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7937554854987351
Solidary economy in Brazil appeared in the 1980s, when inflation rates and unemployment were high. It encouraged the organization of workers in cooperatives to recover the companies they worked for and that had failed, and thus keep theirjobs. The recyclable waste pickers emerged in Brazil because of the social exclusion that part of the population was exposed, around the 1950s, and began to organize themselves into cooperatives by the need of continue working after the banning of picking at landfills and dumpsites. This organization came in partnership with government, religious institutions, NGOs and universities, among other supporters. Actually, it s observed that cooperatives of recyclable waste pickers are not only composed of ex-pickers of the landfills and dumpsites, but also of other workers that are facing unemployment in current times. For the organization of economic-solidary cooperatives, it is necessary for the pickers to acquire knowledge about the nature of the project and about the progress of work. They also need the promotion of the socio-technical adaptations (STA) for the development of social technologies (TS) that that allow their development and sustainability. This process, which influences the organizational form of the enterprise, depending on how it occurs, it will need the partnership between the various agents involved in the movement of solidary economy. The consideration of various knowledges in search of a suitable scientific and technological production that benefits the people, is in keeping of the principles of the field science, technology and society (STS). Whereas that the economic and social inclusion and the labor have influence in the life of the individual and that the solidary economy with their values - solidary, individual freedom, income distribution equally, associative or cooperative organization of work and self-management-, proposes a new form of organization the work, as well as providing the economic and social inclusion, the objective of this work it to investigate the influences of labor economic-solidary relations in the family dynamics of the recyclable waste pickers. The method used is the oral history, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect stories about the lives of family groups of the pickers, who are members of a joint economic-solidary cooperative (COOPERVIDA) located in the city of São Carlos-SP. The interviews were transcribed and after they were validated by the interviewed people, by the transcriation process. After this validation, the transcribed data were analyzed using the technique of content analysis. Before the interviews, it was done a field work in the cooperative, with the use of the participant observation technique which was conducted in search of understanding how internal working relationships occur and how the solidary economy and cooperative working relationships traverses the environment. Among the results, we can cite the lack of AST that contribute to the organization of work processes in the cooperative; the economic and solidary principles permeate the relationships in the cooperative, but not entirely; that there is a demand for training of new cooperative to acquire knowledge about the work; families presented influences of the relations of economic-solidary work in their family dynamics, organizing their routine in a egalitarian and solidary way; and that even without being able to define what is solidary economy, the collectors and families develop behavior permeated by its principles. It s indicated the need to develop state policy, including family in programs and actions performed.
Influência do sistema histaminérgico cerebelar na consolidação da memória emocional de camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-10)
Gianlorenço, Anna Carolyna Lepesteur
;
Mattioli, Rosana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3861050459671690
This study investigated the function of cerebellar histaminergic system on emotional memory consolidation. The cerebellar vermis of male mice were implanted with guide cannulae, and after three days of recovery, the animals were submitted to the elevated plus maze (EPM) or the inhibitory avoidance test (IA) on two consecutive days. Immediately after the first day, animals received a microinjection of histaminergic drugs into the cerebellar vermis: experiment 1, animals received microinjections of saline (SAL) or histamine (HA) (0.54, 1.36, 2.72, and 4.07 nmol/0.1 microliter); experiment 2, animals received a microinjection of SAL or the H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine (CPA, 0.016, 0.052 or 0.16 nmol/0.1 μl); experiment 3, SAL or the H2 antagonist ranitidine (RA, 0.57, 2.85 or 5.7 nmol/0.1 μl); experiment 4, SAL or HA 5 minutes after a pretreatment with 0.16 nmol CPA or SAL; and experiment 5, SAL or HA 5 minutes after a pretreatment with 2.85 nmol ranitidine (RA) or SAL. In the EPM, the decrease of open arm exploration (% entries and % time spent in the open arms) in Trial 2 relative to Trial 1 was used as a measure of learning and memory; while in the IA, latency to cross to the dark compartment was used to evaluate memory retention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan‟s test. The results of experiment 1 showed that animals microinjected SAL and 0.54 and 1.36 nmol HA reduced percentage of open arm entries and time, while mice microinjected with HA 2.72 and 4.07 nmol did not decrease open arm exploration on trial 2; which indicates that histamine induced a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on memory consolidation. In the IA task, results showed that 1.36 nmol histamine facilitated memory consolidation, suggesting a different action of HA in a memory model that uses punishment. In the experiment 2, microinjections with CPA did not present behavioral effects in the EPM or in the IA at the doses used (0.016, 0.052 and 0.16 nmol). The results of experiment 3 showed that 5.7 nmol RA impaired memory consolidation on both protocols. The experiment 4 demonstrated that animals treated with HA did not reduce the avoidance to the open arms on retesting, and indicated that CPA did not altered behavioral parameters by itself, but the pretreatment with CPA reverted histamine-induced impairment on memory consolidation, which suggests that histamine effect on the EPM was mediated by H1 receptors. In the IA test, the results showed that the groups that received CPA+HA and SAL+HA showed a significant difference in latency on the second day of testing in relation to group SAL+SAL , while the group treated with CPA + SAL showed no difference with the control group. These results show that microinjection of histamine in the cerebellar vermis increased latency time and that pretreatment with CPA did not reverse this effect. For the fifth experiment, the results showed that animals microinjected with SAL+SAL and RA+SAL reduced the percentage of entries and time spent in open arms in the EPM while the groups treated with RA+HA and SAL+HA showed no difference between test days. These results show that RA did not alter memory consolidation and was unable to reverse the effect of histamine. In the IA, there was significant difference between SAL+SAL and SAL+HA groups, showing the facilitatory effect of histamine on memory consolidation of IA. The groups that received combined injection of RA+SAL and RA+HA showed no significant difference compared to control, which shows that the RA had no effect by itself, but when applied before histamine was able to reverse its effect. Our results suggest different histamine effects in tasks involving anxiety or fear.
Relações entre habilidades musicais e habilidades sociais em pessoas com Síndrome de Williams: perspectivas e limitações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-10)
Asnis, Valéria Peres
;
Cortegoso, Ana Lúcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9926181735765678
Music education is seen as a well organized pedagogical procedure of literacy and awareness, giving to individuals with special needs or not the possibility to deal with their difficulties and limitations and discover their limits and skills. Despite of the growth of the researches in the music education field investigating people with special needs, the researches that focus on Williams syndrome is reduced, and most of this researches are found in international works. In Brazil, only one research was found that associates the improve to hold attention in a child with Williams Syndrome (WS) and the musicalization process. Thus, the theme of this research is to analyze the impact of music education on social skills development in individuals with WS. The general goal of this study is to verify the results of a Music Education Program for teenagers with WS. As specific goals, this work aims to: 1) elaborate, apply and evaluate a music education program for individuals with WS, related to promote social skills; 2) note and analyze if it could identify indications of better social insertion that could be assign to music education dynamics that involves auditory and rhythm perception, pulsation, visual and auditory memory, among others, as part of the musical learning process. This is a field research with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Two teenagers with WS participate in this research. The data collection instruments used were: 1) Social Skills Form, Problematic behavior and academic competence (SSRS-BR) for parents and WS people, performed at three time points (pre-, mid- and post-intervention); 2) Musical skills evaluation for teenagers with WS performed before and after the intervention; 3) Field diary, that includes records made by the researcher at the end of each intervention. The program lasted for 13 weeks for one teenager and 9 weeks for the other, with a weekly class of approximately 30 minutes each. The Music Education Program was developed in the fields that the researcher considered relevant to music learning. Data analysis was done by comparing the answers given by Social Skills Form, Problematic Behavior and Academic Competence (SSRS-BR), the Music Evaluations, the review of the filming made during interventions and field diary notes.
Interações profissionais de saúde e mães de prematuros: impacto na maternagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-10)
Custodio, Natalia
;
Wernet, Monika
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034543884223449
The present study aimed to understand the interactions between the mother and health professionals from the time of the birth of her preterm child until the first month after hospital discharge (interfere / affect) and their influence on the development of maternal care, the other aim was to identify the social network of these women that was significantly important in this process with attention to the position of health professionals. This was a qualitative study, which adopted the theoretical reference of Symbolic Interactionism and the methodological reference of Interpretive Interactionism. For data collection, an ecomap was constructed and a semistructured interview was conducted. Eight mothers who experienced the hospitalization of a child in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and were in the period of up to one month post-hospital discharge participated in the study. Data analysis enabled the extraction of the social support network for these women, when two situations were identified: participation and nonparticipation of the father. Further, it is in REVIEWING THE DEPENDENCE OF THE PROFESSIONAL AND HIS COMPETENCE FOR CARE that the woman manages to evolve care together with her child in an autonomous manner. The unveiled categories were: believing and obedient relationship; insecure and questioning relationship; and, reflective and emancipatory relationship. The results show that the interaction between mothers and professionals is grounded in power and this factor affects the mother's trajectory while assuming the maternal role. Thus, it is essential to provide welcoming and support in a humane manner, considering the precepts of family-centered care. We hope that this study contributes to health professionals from Neonatal Intensive Care Units with regard to the review of care provided to mothers/family.
Estudo do comportamento estrutural de prédios de concreto armado contraventados por núcleo rígido tendo em vista o esforço de torção originado pela ação do vento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-10)
Küster, Viviane Kelle Jacundino Porto
;
Carvalho, Roberto Chust
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6473231790930800
A widely used solution in multiple pavement's edifications to absorb lateral action of the wind and promote structure stability, is to create an element of large rigidity, usually at stairs and elevators areas, denominated central core or bracing core. This structural element is formed by the junction of pillars walls and normally has a C format, what implies having the shear center is not coincidente with the gravity center of the section. It is assumed that always when the resulting of the action does not cross the section s shear center, will occur a tortion of the central core and the building. In order to verify this hipothesis inicially four models were proposed. The first with the shear center coinciding to the ground plan center. The second with the nucleus positioned in a region generally sugested in architectural projects, in other words, aligned to the central porticos, in this case with the CG very close to the center of the ground plan. The third example consists in turning the nucleus totally eccentric. At the fourth example the eccentric nucleus has its rigidity increased. Four aspects are analysed: 1) The structure must be capable of resisting the efforts introduced by the action of the wind; 2) The structure must be rigid enough to satisfy the limits of deformation for the actions in Estado Limite de Serviço; 3) The reinforcement ratio must not exceed to the limits specified in standard; 4) The verifications concerning global stability must be attended. The study shows that the position of the nucleus at the ground plan and slenderness directly influences in the occurence or not of tortion of the building as a whole. Although the wind falls on the nucleus core shear center, being asymmetrical the rigidity of the building in plan, a tortion will occur. May also be concluded that the core bracing does not support the effort proveniente of wind action by itself, before, the other pillars also contribute.
Estudo da microbiota edáfica da área cárstica de São Desidério-BA e avaliação do seu potencial celulolítico para possíveis aplicações em microbiologia ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-11)
Paula, Caio César Pires de
;
Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4895747549423676
The cave environments are oligotrophic and have specific characteristics that determine the native microbiota. Few studies have investigated the composition and function of soil microbiota of subterranean environments. This study aimed to expand the knowledge on the cave microbiota, discuss the functional role of the microbiota in these environments, isolate and select fungal strains with biotechnological potential for the degradation of cellulose. Soil epigean environment and two poins inside the cave Catão, São Desiderio BA, were sampled. The amount of total organic carbon, carbon and nitrogen in the microbial biomass and the microbial density was evaluated in the soil. All strains were evaluated for the activities of endoglucanase, β-glucosidase and total cellulase by submerged fermentation. Of these three strains of Aspergillus strains, one strain standard, and a Penicillium the process of solid state fermentation using wheat bran as substrate were selected. We observed a significant difference between epigeal and subterranean environment in relation to physical, chemical and biological soil parameters evaluated. We obtained 20 isolates belonging of the genus Aspergillus (SDC1.1, SDC 1.2, SDC 1.4, SDC 1.6, SDC 2.4, SDC 2.6, SDC 2.8, SDC 2.10, SDC 2.11, SDC 2.12), Penicillium (SDC 1.3, SDC 1.7, SDC 2.2, SDC 2.7, SDC2.9, SDC 2.13), Trichoderma (SDC 2.3), Scopulariopses (SDC 2.1) e Purpureocillium (SDC 2.5). Of all isolates showed 90% cellulolytic activity. During the submerged fermentation endoglucanase activity showed maximum values of 6.39 IU/mL in a strain of Aspergillus sp6 and maximum total cellulase activity was 1.7 IU/ml for Aspergillus sp8 strain. The strain Aspergillus sp6 showed maximum β- glucosidase activity of 13.67 IU/mL. Compared to solid-state fermentation, the Aspergillus sp6 and Aspergillus sp8 strains stood out compared to mutant strain Aspergillus niger 3T5B8, with values of endoglucanase and total cellulase activity higher whole with a lower protein content in their enzymatic extracts. From these resulados, we conclude that the cave environment presents singularities compared to epigean environment which probably allows you to select naturally microorganisms that use alternative sources for energy and nutrients.
Ser irmã(ão) de criança com asma ou bronquite na perspectiva hermenêutica de Gadamer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-11)
Matos, Ana Paula Keller de
;
Wernet, Monika
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3560502799364731
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases and its prevalence is increasing, especially among children. The care demands from this situation impacts the entire family, with repercussions in several of its members, including the sibling. Therefore, this work aimed to understand the sibling s experience that lives with children with asthma or bronchitis on the voice of the sibling. It is an exploratory, qualitative research, based on the theoretical and methodological framework of Gadamer s philosophical hermeneutics. Philosophical hermeneutics seeks understanding, the apprehension of the senses through horizons that are mediated through dialogue with the purpose of understanding. And the understanding demands to face the fore-meanings and prejudices about the phenomenon that is about to be understood. This process involves language, which makes it possible to achieve understanding of the being. The language allows consciousness of being affected by history, where it is noted that the past is always present in human thoughts in order to be revealed through dialogue. It is the dialogue that there is the true birth of the truth. Eight children and teenagers, older siblings of children with asthma or bronchitis, ages six to 16 years old were the participants of this study. Data collection was done through open interviews integrated to the strategies of drawing, letter or photograph. Five steps proposed by researchers in Glasgow were followed, where is adopted the Gadamer's perspective as a framework for data analysis. The dialogue analysis allows understanding that siblings appreciates the fraternal relationship and overrides the effects of the child s asthma or bronchitis in his/her life. Union, fellowship, friendship and protection mark the relationship between siblings, where the mere presence of the child in the sibling s life is understood as happiness. In their daily lives, the siblings are engaged in actions of care and protection to the chronic ill child that is determined by the dynamics of the family. In this situation, they count on few sources of information about the child's illness and wish for having more information about it. They take responsibilities for the child s care such as give medicine, keep vigil, take care of the environmental and try to prevent possible risks that may exacerbate the disease. They feel that parents treat them and the sick child differently. And although they have their own demands, those are not perceived and coping is held in solitary way, sustained by the action to consider its own situation and find nurturing for what makes them suffer. This process allows the sibling to understand his/her life as "normal". The findings highlight the invisibility of the sibling of children with asthma or bronchitis, which implies a need for professional practice transformation aiming a comprehensive, meaningful and complete care. That requires changes in teaching, training and research scenarios. There is no way to care in a complete and humane way walking paths that are "straight" or " predetermined " and absents of fusions of horizons, without opening to the encounter with other through dialogue.
Efeitos da infusão das células-tronco mesenquimais em modelo animal de resistência insulínica e diabetes tipo 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-11)
Bueno, Patricia de Godoy
;
Leal, Ângela Merice de Oliveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202663545989206
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7830740384839811
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is associated with insulin resistance and dysfunction of pancreatic β cells. The regenerative cellular therapy, in particular with multi/pluripotent cells has been investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for T2DM. Among them, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their immunoregulatory role are important therapeutic candidates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of multiple infusions of MSCs on blood glucose, insulin resistance and morphometry of the pancreatic islets of diabetic mice induced by high fat diet. Swiss mice were fed a standard diet or a high fat diet for eight weeks. Soon after, the diabetic animals were divided into diabetic group and transplanted MSCs group. The transplanted mice received 4 intraperitoneal infusions of cells (5-8 x 106 MSCs resuspended in buffer). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined weekly and glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin (ITT) were performed at 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 months after the infusions of MSCs. Four months after infusion of the MSCs, the animals were decapitated and the pancreas and the serum were collected for analysis. The animals that received MSCs were classified as responders (FPG < 180mg/dL) or non-responders (FPG > 180mg/dL). According to this criterion, 72.2 % and 27.8 % of transplanted animals were classified as responders and non-responders, respectively. Responders showed a significant decrease in GJ seven weeks after the infusion of MSCs compared with untreated diabetic group. Four months after MSCs, responders showed a significant decrease of GTT and ITT areas under the curve (AUC), compared with untreated diabetic group. Serum insulin concentration was significantly higher in diabetic animals compared with the control group. There was no statistical difference in the total area and volume of islet β cells in diabetic animals and responders and non-responders. The relative volume of α cells was significantly lower in diabetic animals and responders, compared to the control group and significantly higher in non-responders transplanted animals compared to diabetic animals. Apoptosis of islet cells was significantly greater in diabetic animals and non-responders, and significantly lower in responders, compared with the control and diabetic groups, respectively. Islet cell proliferation was significantly lower in diabetic animals compared to the control group. However, islet cell proliferation was not statistically different in transplanted animals compared to controls and diabetic animals. There was a positive correlation between apoptosis of the islet cells and fasting glucose and AUC of GTT and ITT, and a negative correlation of the proliferation of the islet cells and fasting glucose. The results demonstrate that multiple infusions of MSCs can decrease fasting glucose and apoptosis in pancreatic islets and increase insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats induced by high fat diet.
Medidas quânticas, descoerência e emaranhamento em cenários de física de neutrinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-11)
Bittencourt, Victor Augusto Sant Anna Valderramos
;
Bernardini, Alex Eduardo de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5215976260958847
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2554262645115031
In the first part of this work we describe the cosmological neutrinos as a composite quantum system and use the generalized theory of quantum measurements to acquire a probabilistic correlation between observable energies and flavor eigenstates. We associate flavor averaged and flavor weighted energies to, respectively, selective and non selective quantum measure schemes and avaliate the impact of these definitions in the calculation of a flavor effective mass that determines the neutrino contribution to the energy density of the cosmic inventory. Our results establish that if the cosmic neutrinos state is a maximal mixture all the procedures for the calculation of the energy density will generate the same results. In the second part we turn our attention to the free propagation of flavor states in the wave packet formalism. Interpreting each mass eigenstate, associated to a Gaussian momentum distribution, with a three qubit states, a flavor state is described as a quantum system composed of three subsystems. We consider the different correlations between the quantum superposition components in terms of subtle quantifiers and obtain a coherence scale compatible with the damping scale present in survival probabilities of a flavor, indicating a relation between the damping an the studied correlations. We investigate this relation in terms of the standard deviation between the damping and the density of states associated to the correlation quantifiers a deviation that is minimun only for certain values of the mass eigenstate momentum distribution width.
Significado em práticas matemáticas não escolares: estudo com alunos do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-12)
Costa, Daniela Netto Scatolin
;
Vilela, Denise Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5520784282540648
This research has the purpose to analyze the influence of situations in order to deal with mathematics in different social practices. As a specific goal, it investigates the meanings in various school and non-school mathematical practices. Among these purposes there is an analysis about the switch of meanings between one and another practice. The development of this work is based on a review of studies about the exploitation of Mathematics on the day to day problems and in other areas of knowledge that could contribute to the learning of mathematics as a school subject. Considering the idea of mathematics as a social practice, the theoretical framework of the present research has centered on the design of means of structuring and situated learning by Jean Lave. The research follows a naturalistic perspective with ethnographicins piration and uses as a methodological resource the participant observation with a group of elementary school students. The data collected were recorded by the researcher in field activities, through interviews, diaries and field recordings. The activities observed occur inside and outside the school. For the analysis it is considered the resource association between the object and the theoretical framework consisting drawn from Lave s studies. Concerning the results obtained, it is possible to realize the strength of the situation and sometimes, how crucial it is in order to practice math. It stands out especially the prevalence of different meanings in different practices. The present study also promotes questions about the proposal to take the students everyday situations to inside the classroom and therefore, it intermediates my work as a mathematics teacher at elementary schools.
Dependência entre perdas em risco operacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-12)
Requena, Guaraci de Lima
;
Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507496001150908
In this work, we present and discuss the operational risk in the financial institutions, Basel Accord II, the structure of dependence between cumulative operational losses, a tool for modeling this dependence (theory of copula) and the allocation of a capital, called regulatory capital. The usual method for calculation of regulatory capital for operational risk, suggested by Basel Committee, overestimates the final capital because it is considered that the losses are perfectly positively dependents. Then, we propose a new method for this calculation based on theory of copula for the bivariate case. Such method models the dependence between two losses and considers a index (representing the expert opinion). We discuss also a method studied on Alexander (2003) and perform a simulation study in order to compare all methods, the usual, the proposed and the convolution one.
Professores iniciantes: como compreendem o seu trabalho?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-12)
Lotumolo, Thais Elena
;
Silva, Flávio Caetano da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0006416283096434
This research aims to understand which the perceptions and senses attributed by beginner teachers developing their professional career in school organizations are. The research was conducted in Hortolândia city, in São Paulo, and therefore, it was made interviews with teachers belonging to the municipal public schools network of the pictured locality. It is considered that the beginning stage of teaching is a specific moment in educators career, since it is a period that involves adversities, doubts and joy. Therefore, this concerning moment in beginner teachers career must be taken into consideration, offering support to the initial journey of teaching. Through data collection and their analyses, this work reports the necessities of the beginner teachers, as well as their educational experiences. The adopted methodology involves the interviews content analysis, that is, it was considered the speech and the narrative offered by the beginner teachers. In that sense, it is important to stand out the relation between the beginner teachers aspirations and the support offered in the educational environment. The presented study seeks to reveal the importance of focusing on the initial stage of teaching, on building new postures and on attitudes that meet the perceptions of the beginner teacher.
Manifestações de obstáculos gnosiológicos para a seleção de conteúdos na implementação de um currículo crítico em ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-13)
Alves, Anaí Helena Basso
;
Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5143745113412522
From literature searches and semi - structured interviews with educators, science, high school, the state education Sorocaba - SP network, we sought to characterize possible manifestations of gnosiological obstacles that constitute a limit for a content selection in implementation of a critical science curriculum. For the critical science curriculum implementation, participation of the subjects of the school community in building and curriculum implementation review in science, standalone and conscientious manner, collective, socially committed and dialogical, become sociocultural, political and epistemological fundamental requirements. From references to Bachelard, Fleck, and Freire, we sought to deepen understanding about the manifestations of gnosiological obstacles in the school context. To that end, we explored some possible manifestations , such as fear of freedom (Fromm) for the selection of content, the denial of epistemological discontinuity (Delizoicov) for the genesis of knowledge, the claim of scientific truth (PINTO) and epistemological arrogance (Freire). Then we were given some considerations about the methodology of qualitative research that guided data collection. And finally, we systematize possible obstacles gnosiological assumed as for theoretical work, in that educators share showed naive conceptions of knowledge, science and education, for example, the vision of continuous knowledge, cumulative and linear, the content- of the curriculum, the vision of universal and common knowledge to all, denying the specifics of the community, among other visions that can be considered as limits for the implementation of a critical science curriculum. As a proposal for overcoming the obstacles shared by educators, are suggested to be organized new models of teacher education to consider the limits, especially regarding the understanding of curriculum development and selection of contents in critical curricular context. Take practical problem-solving and dialogical freireanas, to question entrenched and culturally shared beliefs can be constituted as alternatives and possibilities for overcoming and mobilization of the conceptions of teachers, pointing to a new model of teaching-learning, critical and committed to a humanizing education and emancipation of the socially oppressed subjects.
Metodologias, instrumentos e interfaces de organização de fotografias na web: uma análise na perspectiva do Patrimônio Cultural Rural Paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-13)
Silveira, Letícia Reis da
;
Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2964936440944082
The present days are characterized by the increasingly volume of information available on different kinds of media, and proportionally by the increasingly need to think, create and evaluate methodologies and tools that deal with the processing and dissemination of relevant information to users' satisfaction. In this context, the objective of this research was to identify in what proportion some of the online systems available for organizing and retrieving photos include in their search interfaces for the user some of the major categories related to thematic processing of photographs, as surveyed and reported in the literature of Information Science. Among these systems, special attention was given to the analysis of Virtual Memory, software that has been developed within the project "Criteria and Methodologies for conducting an inventory for Rural Heritage", funded by FAPESP and coordinated by Professor Luzia Fernandes Sigoli Costa, from Federal University of São Carlos, which proposes the construction of a standard description of informational goods for the software. Methodologically, this paper is configured as an exploratory, bibliographic and documentary research, also developing actions of intervention research and using participant observation to collect data. The results indicate that relevant practices have been developed for online information systems regarding the organization of photographs and confirmation of the use of resources for social indexing as means of organization and information retrieval. Finally, it is hoped that this study can contribute to CTS field presenting what scientific literature has to offer regarding image organization, assisting in future research and suggesting ways for the construction or improvement of technological tools that give support to the imagery processing and dissemination of information to society, such as the Virtual Memory software, contributing to the process of memory and heritage of humanity.
Evolução da paisagem e cenários para conservação da biodiversidade do entorno da Floresta Nacional de Passo Fundo, Mato Castelhano, RS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-13)
Scariot, Eliziane Carla
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0502943654172460
The investigation of land use changes as a result of pressure from anthropogenic processes, is a tool for establishing correlations between spatial and temporal patterns and ecological processes of the landscape, being adequate for management of the surrounding protected areas. The Conservation Units surrounding_s in Brazil require measures that complement conservation strategies adopted only for the limits of the protected areas. The bu_er zones of conservation units surrounding has not yet received the attention needed to meet the objectives of in situ conservation. The general aim of this work was to analyze and quantify the land use dynamic and fragmentation process of natural vegetation, analyze the ecological sustainability and delineate scenarios for biodiversity conservation in the Passo Fundo National Forest surrounding, in the period 1986 to 2011, in order to generate information to management and implementation of conservation measures. Land use maps were made from Landsat image 5 of 12/09/1986, 08/09/1997 and 01/09/2011, orbit 222, 79 and 80 points. The mapping was done by visual classi_cation in software Mapinfo 10.0. The natural vegetation fragmentation process in 1986, 1997 and 2011 was analyzed from the elaboration of thematic maps of natural vegetation, and application of the landscape metrics in software Fragstats 4.1 (number of fragments, mean area of the fragments, proportion of natural area in the landscape, and degrees of isolation /connectivity and complexity of shapes of the patches). Ecological sustainability was assessed by using naturalness / urbanity (IB), environmental quality of fragments of natural vegetation (IQABIO) and environmental vulnerability (VAT-P) indicators, whose equations were calculated using the Idrisi software Selva. With environmental quality and naturalness and natural vegetation indicators were selected fragments of the study area with higher naturalness and quality to delineate a biodiversity conservation scenario for the Flona-PF surrounding. The results showed that the direct and indirect drivers of landscape change are respectively the agricultural activities, urbanization and conict with the local indigenous community. From 1986 to 2011 there was a reduction in the areas occupied by human activities and an increase in the proportion of natural areas. The average size of fragments or patches of natural vegetation increased, and the isolation distance between the fragments decreased in 2011, compared to previous periods (1986 and 1997). The indicators (IB, IQABIO and VAT-P) pointed Flona-PF and neighboring fragments as the areas with higher environmental quality, naturalness and less vulnerability. However, the vulnerability analysis (VAT-P) take into account only the direct forces changes of landscape changes disregarding the indirect forces as the demand of land by the local indigenous community, which can cause changes in this conservation area, including change of category. The results show a tendency to decrease the direct forces of landscape change for the Flona-PF surrounding during 1986 to 2011.
Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae): um complexo de espécies. Estudos citogenéticos clássicos e moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Martinez, Juliana de Fatima
;
Moreira Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5784496090097851
Brazil has a large and dense hydrographic network distributed in eight major basins, with a great diversity of fish species. Erythrinidae is a small family of Characiformes, represented by only three genera: Erythrinus, Hoplerythrinus and Hoplias. Hoplerythrinus has only three species: H. cinereus (Gill, 1858), H. gronovii (Valenciennes, 1847) and H. unitaeniatus (Agassiz, 1829) and only the latter is found in Brazil, besides also occur in Central America and in several other countries in South America. H. cinereus and H. gronovii have a more restricted distribution and occur only in Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana, respectively. Only H. unitaeniatus has cytogenetic studies, proving to be a diverse chromosomally species, indicating it is a complex of species. In order to progress in the knowledge of the genome of H. unitaeniatus, this study aimed to characterize by conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding, impregnation with silver nitrate and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes of DNAr 18S and 5S, telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n, histones (H3 and H4), and microsatellite (CA)15, (GA)15, (CAC)10, (GAG)10 and (GATA)n, populations of H. unitaeniatus from five hydrographic basin in Brazil (Amazon, Araguaia, Paraguay, Upper Parana and São Francisco). The diploid numbers found were 2n=48 (Paraguay and Upper Parana), 2n=50 (São Francisco) and 2n=52 (Amazon, Araguaia and São Francisco), besides the occurrence of natural hybrids with 2n=51 chromosomes in the São Francisco basin. The C-banding showed heterochromatic blocks located in the interstitial and pericentromeric position in most chromosomes, but some chromosomes also showed heterochromatic blocks in the centromeric and terminal position in all populations. The impregnation with silver nitrate revealed simple AgNORs for populations of the Amazon and Araguaia and multiple AgNORs for the populations of Paraguay, Upper Parana and São Francisco. FISH with 18S and 5S DNAr probes revealed several chromosomes carrying these cistron, besides the occurrence of synteny in all populations. Probes with telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n detected sites only in the terminal vii portion of all chromosomes. A dispersed pattern was verified to H3 and H4 histones in the chromosomes and only for H4 was observed strongest blocks in the interstitial position. The chromosomal distribution of the microsatellites (CA)15, (GA)15, (CAC)10, (GAG)10 in the genome of H. unitaeniatus shown to be preferentially located in the terminal position of the chromosomes with some interstitial regions marked. The microsatellite (GATA)n shown dispersed in the chromosomes without preferential accumulation in a specific region of the chromosome in all populations analyzed. The data obtained in this study reinforce the hypothesis that H. unitaeniatus it is not a single species, but the specie complex H unitaeniatus.
Educação ambiental na engenharia ambiental à distância na UFSCar: proximidades e afastamentos à formação crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Borgonove, Carolina Motta
;
Zuin, Vânia Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8320912476985569
The incorporation of environmental education (EE) in school curricula has shown to be a major challenge for environmental educators and educators in general. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities and limitations of the EE discipline, conceived from a critical perspective, for the training of students of the Environmental Engineering distance education course offered by UFSCar. The research methodology consisted of analyzing, throughout the discipline, the students conceptions regarding the concepts of EE and sustainability, as well as the application of these concepts in a project of socio-educational intervention. The analysis also included considerations on this training process from the teacher responsible for the discipline and from coordinators of the Environmental Engineering course. The results indicate that, although a single discipline cannot be deemed responsible for a critical training, the discipline provides significant contributions to the students understanding of EE as a broad, complex, critical and participatory process, mainlyin the sense of allowing a reflection on the deeper causes of the environmental crisis and on the complexity that surrounds proposals to transform such reality.
Exame Celpe-Bras: uma investigação sobre o papel do entrevistador na interação face a face
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Bottura, Eleonora Bambozzi
;
Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7573267318068355
This work aims at investigating interviewer s role in Celpe-Bras second term 2012 edition. We consider that the role of the interviewer can affect positively or negatively the examinee s performance as well as the examinee s proficiency. Studies have focused on the impact of the interviewer s role in performance. Important researches investigate interviewer s attitudes can benefit or harm examinee s performance. It is of main relevance to identify possible variables in the interviewer-examinee relation when they are interacting. This research aims at analyzing interviewer roles regarding reliability and validity exam. In addition, the main objective is to investigate features involved in interviewer attitudes which can cause an impact on the interaction and on examinee´s performance. Based on results, this study collects some evidences related to validity and reliability of oral proficiency exams focusing interviewer s role, in order to provide some referrals for reflecting on training interviewers and examiners.
Formação de educadores musicais: em busca de uma formação humanizadora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Severino, Natália Búrigo
;
Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7473436068039477
This research is based on Paulo Freire, Carlos Rodrigues Brandão and Ernani Maria Fiori ideas about education for dialogue, respect and not oppression, known as humanizing education. According to that, authors as HJ Koellreutter, Carlos Kater, Maura Penna and Ilza Joly, help us to defend humanizing education within the field of Music Education. When advocating for humanizing musical education we must also defend the teaching fomation to work within this perspective. Thus, a qualitative research accompanied a group of undergraduate students in music education, which are working with music in public schools through a scholarship program named Institutional Scholarship Program for Teaching Initiation (PIBID). From the framework adopted, the observations made as a music mentor of these students, and the use of a daily field diary, we raised a list of skills and attitudes necessary for an educator seeking to act under the humanizing perspective. The researcher made interventions, and dynamic activities with these undergraduate students to instigate them, to question them, and propose a reflection on their own teaching practice. From these interventions, several pathways and its obstacles were pointed to a teaching formation that aims and cares about the human as a being. During these two years of research, a cyclic pattern was identified regards to how the licensees relates with their job in PIBID. This cycle was analysed from Michaël Huberman analysis about the teaching career cycle, which gave elements to comprehend the teaching experience and their formation. We noticed that to the student become a loving, respectful and dialogical musical educator, therefore humanizing, their formation must be founded in this same principles. This means that the training teacher, who accompainying the undergraduate from the beggining of their program must be loving, respectfull and dialogical. Hopefully, this research will contribute to the field of education and music education, presenting a new concept of music education and showing the necessity and importance of thinking, with commitment and respect, the teaching formation of musical educators to act in Brazilian schools.
Uso de biotemplates na obtenção de microtubos com nanopartículas de ouro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Kubo, Andressa Mayumi
;
Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6190628977825859
Recently, the studies in the area of hybrid materials composed by biological structures have been of great interest, since they are considered versatile biotemplates in wich referred to the organization of nanostructured functional materials, mainly aiming technological attributions. Therefore, the central objective of this Master s Dissertation was the construction of microtubules formed by multilayers combined of gold and silver nanoparticles using as biotemplates the fungus Aspergillus aculeatus, which originated, thus, stable hybrid mesostructures with high potential of application to sensors and biosensors. The fungus was cultivated in a rich environment of citrate and, after the development of the hyphae, the colloidal dispersion of nanoparticles was added. Studies were done with relation to the effect of the synthesis temperature and the concentration of citrate in the average size of the gold nanoparticles and, posteriorly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy of absorption in the UVVis region. The formation of multilayer composed by different metal nanoparticles was evaluated too. The hybrid materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis by EDX (SEM-EDS). The obtained results showed that the either concentration of citrate or the temperature directly affect the average size of the gold nanoparticles with expressive results to the temperature. In which referred the formation of the microtubules with different metal nanoparticles, three distinct regions were identified, namely, containing just gold nanoparticles, containing gold and silver nanoparticles and containing just silver nanoparticles, fact discussed in this Master s Dissertation by the differentiation of hyphae growth inside the colloidal dispersion.