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Efeitos da infusão das células-tronco mesenquimais em modelo animal de resistência insulínica e diabetes tipo 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-11) Bueno, Patricia de Godoy; Leal, Ângela Merice de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202663545989206; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7830740384839811
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is associated with insulin resistance and dysfunction of pancreatic β cells. The regenerative cellular therapy, in particular with multi/pluripotent cells has been investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for T2DM. Among them, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their immunoregulatory role are important therapeutic candidates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of multiple infusions of MSCs on blood glucose, insulin resistance and morphometry of the pancreatic islets of diabetic mice induced by high fat diet. Swiss mice were fed a standard diet or a high fat diet for eight weeks. Soon after, the diabetic animals were divided into diabetic group and transplanted MSCs group. The transplanted mice received 4 intraperitoneal infusions of cells (5-8 x 106 MSCs resuspended in buffer). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined weekly and glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin (ITT) were performed at 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 months after the infusions of MSCs. Four months after infusion of the MSCs, the animals were decapitated and the pancreas and the serum were collected for analysis. The animals that received MSCs were classified as responders (FPG < 180mg/dL) or non-responders (FPG > 180mg/dL). According to this criterion, 72.2 % and 27.8 % of transplanted animals were classified as responders and non-responders, respectively. Responders showed a significant decrease in GJ seven weeks after the infusion of MSCs compared with untreated diabetic group. Four months after MSCs, responders showed a significant decrease of GTT and ITT areas under the curve (AUC), compared with untreated diabetic group. Serum insulin concentration was significantly higher in diabetic animals compared with the control group. There was no statistical difference in the total area and volume of islet β cells in diabetic animals and responders and non-responders. The relative volume of α cells was significantly lower in diabetic animals and responders, compared to the control group and significantly higher in non-responders transplanted animals compared to diabetic animals. Apoptosis of islet cells was significantly greater in diabetic animals and non-responders, and significantly lower in responders, compared with the control and diabetic groups, respectively. Islet cell proliferation was significantly lower in diabetic animals compared to the control group. However, islet cell proliferation was not statistically different in transplanted animals compared to controls and diabetic animals. There was a positive correlation between apoptosis of the islet cells and fasting glucose and AUC of GTT and ITT, and a negative correlation of the proliferation of the islet cells and fasting glucose. The results demonstrate that multiple infusions of MSCs can decrease fasting glucose and apoptosis in pancreatic islets and increase insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats induced by high fat diet.
Ser irmã(ão) de criança com asma ou bronquite na perspectiva hermenêutica de Gadamer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-11) Matos, Ana Paula Keller de; Wernet, Monika; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3560502799364731
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases and its prevalence is increasing, especially among children. The care demands from this situation impacts the entire family, with repercussions in several of its members, including the sibling. Therefore, this work aimed to understand the sibling s experience that lives with children with asthma or bronchitis on the voice of the sibling. It is an exploratory, qualitative research, based on the theoretical and methodological framework of Gadamer s philosophical hermeneutics. Philosophical hermeneutics seeks understanding, the apprehension of the senses through horizons that are mediated through dialogue with the purpose of understanding. And the understanding demands to face the fore-meanings and prejudices about the phenomenon that is about to be understood. This process involves language, which makes it possible to achieve understanding of the being. The language allows consciousness of being affected by history, where it is noted that the past is always present in human thoughts in order to be revealed through dialogue. It is the dialogue that there is the true birth of the truth. Eight children and teenagers, older siblings of children with asthma or bronchitis, ages six to 16 years old were the participants of this study. Data collection was done through open interviews integrated to the strategies of drawing, letter or photograph. Five steps proposed by researchers in Glasgow were followed, where is adopted the Gadamer's perspective as a framework for data analysis. The dialogue analysis allows understanding that siblings appreciates the fraternal relationship and overrides the effects of the child s asthma or bronchitis in his/her life. Union, fellowship, friendship and protection mark the relationship between siblings, where the mere presence of the child in the sibling s life is understood as happiness. In their daily lives, the siblings are engaged in actions of care and protection to the chronic ill child that is determined by the dynamics of the family. In this situation, they count on few sources of information about the child's illness and wish for having more information about it. They take responsibilities for the child s care such as give medicine, keep vigil, take care of the environmental and try to prevent possible risks that may exacerbate the disease. They feel that parents treat them and the sick child differently. And although they have their own demands, those are not perceived and coping is held in solitary way, sustained by the action to consider its own situation and find nurturing for what makes them suffer. This process allows the sibling to understand his/her life as "normal". The findings highlight the invisibility of the sibling of children with asthma or bronchitis, which implies a need for professional practice transformation aiming a comprehensive, meaningful and complete care. That requires changes in teaching, training and research scenarios. There is no way to care in a complete and humane way walking paths that are "straight" or " predetermined " and absents of fusions of horizons, without opening to the encounter with other through dialogue.
Estudo da microbiota edáfica da área cárstica de São Desidério-BA e avaliação do seu potencial celulolítico para possíveis aplicações em microbiologia ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-11) Paula, Caio César Pires de; Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4895747549423676
The cave environments are oligotrophic and have specific characteristics that determine the native microbiota. Few studies have investigated the composition and function of soil microbiota of subterranean environments. This study aimed to expand the knowledge on the cave microbiota, discuss the functional role of the microbiota in these environments, isolate and select fungal strains with biotechnological potential for the degradation of cellulose. Soil epigean environment and two poins inside the cave Catão, São Desiderio BA, were sampled. The amount of total organic carbon, carbon and nitrogen in the microbial biomass and the microbial density was evaluated in the soil. All strains were evaluated for the activities of endoglucanase, β-glucosidase and total cellulase by submerged fermentation. Of these three strains of Aspergillus strains, one strain standard, and a Penicillium the process of solid state fermentation using wheat bran as substrate were selected. We observed a significant difference between epigeal and subterranean environment in relation to physical, chemical and biological soil parameters evaluated. We obtained 20 isolates belonging of the genus Aspergillus (SDC1.1, SDC 1.2, SDC 1.4, SDC 1.6, SDC 2.4, SDC 2.6, SDC 2.8, SDC 2.10, SDC 2.11, SDC 2.12), Penicillium (SDC 1.3, SDC 1.7, SDC 2.2, SDC 2.7, SDC2.9, SDC 2.13), Trichoderma (SDC 2.3), Scopulariopses (SDC 2.1) e Purpureocillium (SDC 2.5). Of all isolates showed 90% cellulolytic activity. During the submerged fermentation endoglucanase activity showed maximum values of 6.39 IU/mL in a strain of Aspergillus sp6 and maximum total cellulase activity was 1.7 IU/ml for Aspergillus sp8 strain. The strain Aspergillus sp6 showed maximum β- glucosidase activity of 13.67 IU/mL. Compared to solid-state fermentation, the Aspergillus sp6 and Aspergillus sp8 strains stood out compared to mutant strain Aspergillus niger 3T5B8, with values of endoglucanase and total cellulase activity higher whole with a lower protein content in their enzymatic extracts. From these resulados, we conclude that the cave environment presents singularities compared to epigean environment which probably allows you to select naturally microorganisms that use alternative sources for energy and nutrients.
Medidas quânticas, descoerência e emaranhamento em cenários de física de neutrinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-11) Bittencourt, Victor Augusto Sant Anna Valderramos; Bernardini, Alex Eduardo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5215976260958847; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2554262645115031
In the first part of this work we describe the cosmological neutrinos as a composite quantum system and use the generalized theory of quantum measurements to acquire a probabilistic correlation between observable energies and flavor eigenstates. We associate flavor averaged and flavor weighted energies to, respectively, selective and non selective quantum measure schemes and avaliate the impact of these definitions in the calculation of a flavor effective mass that determines the neutrino contribution to the energy density of the cosmic inventory. Our results establish that if the cosmic neutrinos state is a maximal mixture all the procedures for the calculation of the energy density will generate the same results. In the second part we turn our attention to the free propagation of flavor states in the wave packet formalism. Interpreting each mass eigenstate, associated to a Gaussian momentum distribution, with a three qubit states, a flavor state is described as a quantum system composed of three subsystems. We consider the different correlations between the quantum superposition components in terms of subtle quantifiers and obtain a coherence scale compatible with the damping scale present in survival probabilities of a flavor, indicating a relation between the damping an the studied correlations. We investigate this relation in terms of the standard deviation between the damping and the density of states associated to the correlation quantifiers a deviation that is minimun only for certain values of the mass eigenstate momentum distribution width.