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Significado em práticas matemáticas não escolares: estudo com alunos do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-12)
Costa, Daniela Netto Scatolin
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Vilela, Denise Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5520784282540648
This research has the purpose to analyze the influence of situations in order to deal with mathematics in different social practices. As a specific goal, it investigates the meanings in various school and non-school mathematical practices. Among these purposes there is an analysis about the switch of meanings between one and another practice. The development of this work is based on a review of studies about the exploitation of Mathematics on the day to day problems and in other areas of knowledge that could contribute to the learning of mathematics as a school subject. Considering the idea of mathematics as a social practice, the theoretical framework of the present research has centered on the design of means of structuring and situated learning by Jean Lave. The research follows a naturalistic perspective with ethnographicins piration and uses as a methodological resource the participant observation with a group of elementary school students. The data collected were recorded by the researcher in field activities, through interviews, diaries and field recordings. The activities observed occur inside and outside the school. For the analysis it is considered the resource association between the object and the theoretical framework consisting drawn from Lave s studies. Concerning the results obtained, it is possible to realize the strength of the situation and sometimes, how crucial it is in order to practice math. It stands out especially the prevalence of different meanings in different practices. The present study also promotes questions about the proposal to take the students everyday situations to inside the classroom and therefore, it intermediates my work as a mathematics teacher at elementary schools.
Dependência entre perdas em risco operacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-12)
Requena, Guaraci de Lima
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507496001150908
In this work, we present and discuss the operational risk in the financial institutions, Basel Accord II, the structure of dependence between cumulative operational losses, a tool for modeling this dependence (theory of copula) and the allocation of a capital, called regulatory capital. The usual method for calculation of regulatory capital for operational risk, suggested by Basel Committee, overestimates the final capital because it is considered that the losses are perfectly positively dependents. Then, we propose a new method for this calculation based on theory of copula for the bivariate case. Such method models the dependence between two losses and considers a index (representing the expert opinion). We discuss also a method studied on Alexander (2003) and perform a simulation study in order to compare all methods, the usual, the proposed and the convolution one.
Professores iniciantes: como compreendem o seu trabalho?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-12)
Lotumolo, Thais Elena
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Silva, Flávio Caetano da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0006416283096434
This research aims to understand which the perceptions and senses attributed by beginner teachers developing their professional career in school organizations are. The research was conducted in Hortolândia city, in São Paulo, and therefore, it was made interviews with teachers belonging to the municipal public schools network of the pictured locality. It is considered that the beginning stage of teaching is a specific moment in educators career, since it is a period that involves adversities, doubts and joy. Therefore, this concerning moment in beginner teachers career must be taken into consideration, offering support to the initial journey of teaching. Through data collection and their analyses, this work reports the necessities of the beginner teachers, as well as their educational experiences. The adopted methodology involves the interviews content analysis, that is, it was considered the speech and the narrative offered by the beginner teachers. In that sense, it is important to stand out the relation between the beginner teachers aspirations and the support offered in the educational environment. The presented study seeks to reveal the importance of focusing on the initial stage of teaching, on building new postures and on attitudes that meet the perceptions of the beginner teacher.
Manifestações de obstáculos gnosiológicos para a seleção de conteúdos na implementação de um currículo crítico em ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-13)
Alves, Anaí Helena Basso
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5143745113412522
From literature searches and semi - structured interviews with educators, science, high school, the state education Sorocaba - SP network, we sought to characterize possible manifestations of gnosiological obstacles that constitute a limit for a content selection in implementation of a critical science curriculum. For the critical science curriculum implementation, participation of the subjects of the school community in building and curriculum implementation review in science, standalone and conscientious manner, collective, socially committed and dialogical, become sociocultural, political and epistemological fundamental requirements. From references to Bachelard, Fleck, and Freire, we sought to deepen understanding about the manifestations of gnosiological obstacles in the school context. To that end, we explored some possible manifestations , such as fear of freedom (Fromm) for the selection of content, the denial of epistemological discontinuity (Delizoicov) for the genesis of knowledge, the claim of scientific truth (PINTO) and epistemological arrogance (Freire). Then we were given some considerations about the methodology of qualitative research that guided data collection. And finally, we systematize possible obstacles gnosiological assumed as for theoretical work, in that educators share showed naive conceptions of knowledge, science and education, for example, the vision of continuous knowledge, cumulative and linear, the content- of the curriculum, the vision of universal and common knowledge to all, denying the specifics of the community, among other visions that can be considered as limits for the implementation of a critical science curriculum. As a proposal for overcoming the obstacles shared by educators, are suggested to be organized new models of teacher education to consider the limits, especially regarding the understanding of curriculum development and selection of contents in critical curricular context. Take practical problem-solving and dialogical freireanas, to question entrenched and culturally shared beliefs can be constituted as alternatives and possibilities for overcoming and mobilization of the conceptions of teachers, pointing to a new model of teaching-learning, critical and committed to a humanizing education and emancipation of the socially oppressed subjects.
Metodologias, instrumentos e interfaces de organização de fotografias na web: uma análise na perspectiva do Patrimônio Cultural Rural Paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-13)
Silveira, Letícia Reis da
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Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2964936440944082
The present days are characterized by the increasingly volume of information available on different kinds of media, and proportionally by the increasingly need to think, create and evaluate methodologies and tools that deal with the processing and dissemination of relevant information to users' satisfaction. In this context, the objective of this research was to identify in what proportion some of the online systems available for organizing and retrieving photos include in their search interfaces for the user some of the major categories related to thematic processing of photographs, as surveyed and reported in the literature of Information Science. Among these systems, special attention was given to the analysis of Virtual Memory, software that has been developed within the project "Criteria and Methodologies for conducting an inventory for Rural Heritage", funded by FAPESP and coordinated by Professor Luzia Fernandes Sigoli Costa, from Federal University of São Carlos, which proposes the construction of a standard description of informational goods for the software. Methodologically, this paper is configured as an exploratory, bibliographic and documentary research, also developing actions of intervention research and using participant observation to collect data. The results indicate that relevant practices have been developed for online information systems regarding the organization of photographs and confirmation of the use of resources for social indexing as means of organization and information retrieval. Finally, it is hoped that this study can contribute to CTS field presenting what scientific literature has to offer regarding image organization, assisting in future research and suggesting ways for the construction or improvement of technological tools that give support to the imagery processing and dissemination of information to society, such as the Virtual Memory software, contributing to the process of memory and heritage of humanity.
Evolução da paisagem e cenários para conservação da biodiversidade do entorno da Floresta Nacional de Passo Fundo, Mato Castelhano, RS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-13)
Scariot, Eliziane Carla
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0502943654172460
The investigation of land use changes as a result of pressure from anthropogenic processes, is a tool for establishing correlations between spatial and temporal patterns and ecological processes of the landscape, being adequate for management of the surrounding protected areas. The Conservation Units surrounding_s in Brazil require measures that complement conservation strategies adopted only for the limits of the protected areas. The bu_er zones of conservation units surrounding has not yet received the attention needed to meet the objectives of in situ conservation. The general aim of this work was to analyze and quantify the land use dynamic and fragmentation process of natural vegetation, analyze the ecological sustainability and delineate scenarios for biodiversity conservation in the Passo Fundo National Forest surrounding, in the period 1986 to 2011, in order to generate information to management and implementation of conservation measures. Land use maps were made from Landsat image 5 of 12/09/1986, 08/09/1997 and 01/09/2011, orbit 222, 79 and 80 points. The mapping was done by visual classi_cation in software Mapinfo 10.0. The natural vegetation fragmentation process in 1986, 1997 and 2011 was analyzed from the elaboration of thematic maps of natural vegetation, and application of the landscape metrics in software Fragstats 4.1 (number of fragments, mean area of the fragments, proportion of natural area in the landscape, and degrees of isolation /connectivity and complexity of shapes of the patches). Ecological sustainability was assessed by using naturalness / urbanity (IB), environmental quality of fragments of natural vegetation (IQABIO) and environmental vulnerability (VAT-P) indicators, whose equations were calculated using the Idrisi software Selva. With environmental quality and naturalness and natural vegetation indicators were selected fragments of the study area with higher naturalness and quality to delineate a biodiversity conservation scenario for the Flona-PF surrounding. The results showed that the direct and indirect drivers of landscape change are respectively the agricultural activities, urbanization and conict with the local indigenous community. From 1986 to 2011 there was a reduction in the areas occupied by human activities and an increase in the proportion of natural areas. The average size of fragments or patches of natural vegetation increased, and the isolation distance between the fragments decreased in 2011, compared to previous periods (1986 and 1997). The indicators (IB, IQABIO and VAT-P) pointed Flona-PF and neighboring fragments as the areas with higher environmental quality, naturalness and less vulnerability. However, the vulnerability analysis (VAT-P) take into account only the direct forces changes of landscape changes disregarding the indirect forces as the demand of land by the local indigenous community, which can cause changes in this conservation area, including change of category. The results show a tendency to decrease the direct forces of landscape change for the Flona-PF surrounding during 1986 to 2011.
Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae): um complexo de espécies. Estudos citogenéticos clássicos e moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Martinez, Juliana de Fatima
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Moreira Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5784496090097851
Brazil has a large and dense hydrographic network distributed in eight major basins, with a great diversity of fish species. Erythrinidae is a small family of Characiformes, represented by only three genera: Erythrinus, Hoplerythrinus and Hoplias. Hoplerythrinus has only three species: H. cinereus (Gill, 1858), H. gronovii (Valenciennes, 1847) and H. unitaeniatus (Agassiz, 1829) and only the latter is found in Brazil, besides also occur in Central America and in several other countries in South America. H. cinereus and H. gronovii have a more restricted distribution and occur only in Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana, respectively. Only H. unitaeniatus has cytogenetic studies, proving to be a diverse chromosomally species, indicating it is a complex of species. In order to progress in the knowledge of the genome of H. unitaeniatus, this study aimed to characterize by conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding, impregnation with silver nitrate and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes of DNAr 18S and 5S, telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n, histones (H3 and H4), and microsatellite (CA)15, (GA)15, (CAC)10, (GAG)10 and (GATA)n, populations of H. unitaeniatus from five hydrographic basin in Brazil (Amazon, Araguaia, Paraguay, Upper Parana and São Francisco). The diploid numbers found were 2n=48 (Paraguay and Upper Parana), 2n=50 (São Francisco) and 2n=52 (Amazon, Araguaia and São Francisco), besides the occurrence of natural hybrids with 2n=51 chromosomes in the São Francisco basin. The C-banding showed heterochromatic blocks located in the interstitial and pericentromeric position in most chromosomes, but some chromosomes also showed heterochromatic blocks in the centromeric and terminal position in all populations. The impregnation with silver nitrate revealed simple AgNORs for populations of the Amazon and Araguaia and multiple AgNORs for the populations of Paraguay, Upper Parana and São Francisco. FISH with 18S and 5S DNAr probes revealed several chromosomes carrying these cistron, besides the occurrence of synteny in all populations. Probes with telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n detected sites only in the terminal vii portion of all chromosomes. A dispersed pattern was verified to H3 and H4 histones in the chromosomes and only for H4 was observed strongest blocks in the interstitial position. The chromosomal distribution of the microsatellites (CA)15, (GA)15, (CAC)10, (GAG)10 in the genome of H. unitaeniatus shown to be preferentially located in the terminal position of the chromosomes with some interstitial regions marked. The microsatellite (GATA)n shown dispersed in the chromosomes without preferential accumulation in a specific region of the chromosome in all populations analyzed. The data obtained in this study reinforce the hypothesis that H. unitaeniatus it is not a single species, but the specie complex H unitaeniatus.
Educação ambiental na engenharia ambiental à distância na UFSCar: proximidades e afastamentos à formação crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Borgonove, Carolina Motta
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Zuin, Vânia Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8320912476985569
The incorporation of environmental education (EE) in school curricula has shown to be a major challenge for environmental educators and educators in general. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities and limitations of the EE discipline, conceived from a critical perspective, for the training of students of the Environmental Engineering distance education course offered by UFSCar. The research methodology consisted of analyzing, throughout the discipline, the students conceptions regarding the concepts of EE and sustainability, as well as the application of these concepts in a project of socio-educational intervention. The analysis also included considerations on this training process from the teacher responsible for the discipline and from coordinators of the Environmental Engineering course. The results indicate that, although a single discipline cannot be deemed responsible for a critical training, the discipline provides significant contributions to the students understanding of EE as a broad, complex, critical and participatory process, mainlyin the sense of allowing a reflection on the deeper causes of the environmental crisis and on the complexity that surrounds proposals to transform such reality.
Exame Celpe-Bras: uma investigação sobre o papel do entrevistador na interação face a face
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Bottura, Eleonora Bambozzi
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Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7573267318068355
This work aims at investigating interviewer s role in Celpe-Bras second term 2012 edition. We consider that the role of the interviewer can affect positively or negatively the examinee s performance as well as the examinee s proficiency. Studies have focused on the impact of the interviewer s role in performance. Important researches investigate interviewer s attitudes can benefit or harm examinee s performance. It is of main relevance to identify possible variables in the interviewer-examinee relation when they are interacting. This research aims at analyzing interviewer roles regarding reliability and validity exam. In addition, the main objective is to investigate features involved in interviewer attitudes which can cause an impact on the interaction and on examinee´s performance. Based on results, this study collects some evidences related to validity and reliability of oral proficiency exams focusing interviewer s role, in order to provide some referrals for reflecting on training interviewers and examiners.
Formação de educadores musicais: em busca de uma formação humanizadora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Severino, Natália Búrigo
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Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7473436068039477
This research is based on Paulo Freire, Carlos Rodrigues Brandão and Ernani Maria Fiori ideas about education for dialogue, respect and not oppression, known as humanizing education. According to that, authors as HJ Koellreutter, Carlos Kater, Maura Penna and Ilza Joly, help us to defend humanizing education within the field of Music Education. When advocating for humanizing musical education we must also defend the teaching fomation to work within this perspective. Thus, a qualitative research accompanied a group of undergraduate students in music education, which are working with music in public schools through a scholarship program named Institutional Scholarship Program for Teaching Initiation (PIBID). From the framework adopted, the observations made as a music mentor of these students, and the use of a daily field diary, we raised a list of skills and attitudes necessary for an educator seeking to act under the humanizing perspective. The researcher made interventions, and dynamic activities with these undergraduate students to instigate them, to question them, and propose a reflection on their own teaching practice. From these interventions, several pathways and its obstacles were pointed to a teaching formation that aims and cares about the human as a being. During these two years of research, a cyclic pattern was identified regards to how the licensees relates with their job in PIBID. This cycle was analysed from Michaël Huberman analysis about the teaching career cycle, which gave elements to comprehend the teaching experience and their formation. We noticed that to the student become a loving, respectful and dialogical musical educator, therefore humanizing, their formation must be founded in this same principles. This means that the training teacher, who accompainying the undergraduate from the beggining of their program must be loving, respectfull and dialogical. Hopefully, this research will contribute to the field of education and music education, presenting a new concept of music education and showing the necessity and importance of thinking, with commitment and respect, the teaching formation of musical educators to act in Brazilian schools.
Uso de biotemplates na obtenção de microtubos com nanopartículas de ouro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Kubo, Andressa Mayumi
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6190628977825859
Recently, the studies in the area of hybrid materials composed by biological structures have been of great interest, since they are considered versatile biotemplates in wich referred to the organization of nanostructured functional materials, mainly aiming technological attributions. Therefore, the central objective of this Master s Dissertation was the construction of microtubules formed by multilayers combined of gold and silver nanoparticles using as biotemplates the fungus Aspergillus aculeatus, which originated, thus, stable hybrid mesostructures with high potential of application to sensors and biosensors. The fungus was cultivated in a rich environment of citrate and, after the development of the hyphae, the colloidal dispersion of nanoparticles was added. Studies were done with relation to the effect of the synthesis temperature and the concentration of citrate in the average size of the gold nanoparticles and, posteriorly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy of absorption in the UVVis region. The formation of multilayer composed by different metal nanoparticles was evaluated too. The hybrid materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis by EDX (SEM-EDS). The obtained results showed that the either concentration of citrate or the temperature directly affect the average size of the gold nanoparticles with expressive results to the temperature. In which referred the formation of the microtubules with different metal nanoparticles, three distinct regions were identified, namely, containing just gold nanoparticles, containing gold and silver nanoparticles and containing just silver nanoparticles, fact discussed in this Master s Dissertation by the differentiation of hyphae growth inside the colloidal dispersion.
Pesquisa-ação sobre os fatores de sucesso para implantação e continuidade do uso de cartas de controle estatístico de processo em uma planta química no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Santana Júnior, Manoel Bispo de
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4429313283239920
Statistical process control charts (SPC charts) were created in the 20th century in the United States and since then, they have been used for various purposes in different industries and services. SPC chart utilization was widespread in Japan in the postwar period and its effective use in Brazil occurred from the 90´s. Although several examples of use, there are still some industries where deployment of SPC and its sustained use in shopfloor were not successful. In the chemical industry, its use in the shopfloor is controversial and there is no many studies focused on this industry to explain the factors that can impact the successful implementation of statistical control charts by operational teams. This dissertation aims to investigate, through an action research, which are the critical factors for a successful implementation and sustained use of SPC charts in a chemical. It was performed a literature review to gather studies about success factors to implement SPC chart in industries. Using action research, those critical success factors were tested in practice with operators in the chemical plant of a multinational enterprise located in Brazil. This chemical plant has experimented to implement SPC chart in the past with no success. As a result of the action research, we succeed to implement SPC chart in the industrial unit and reduce variability with savings of US$ 150,000.00 per year energy. SPC chart use was well received by operators and leadership, showing that some success factors are really critical for a correct SPC implementation in a brazilian chemical plant. The results were used to develop a roadmap for SPC, with details about how and when to work each success factor. Afterwards, Roadmap was used in another eight different industrial units of the chemical company, all with success.
Caracterização e análise da fragilidade ambiental da floresta nacional de Passo Fundo (Mato Castelhano, RS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14)
Quadros, Franciele Rosset de
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4017320131233930
Considering the importance of maintenance and continuity of Conservation Units (UCs) and the adoption of strategies for biodiversity conservation in the regional landscape, this study proposes the physical environment characterization associated with the environmental fragility identification of the Passo Fundo National Forest (FLONA-PF), Mato Castelhano municipality, RS, from the perspective of identifying changes in the functions of Management Plan environmental zoning (2012). The physical environment characterization was based on the thematic maps of slope, hypsometry, geomorphology, soils, drainage network and land uses types in 2011, using a GeoEye-1 image with a spatial resolution of 0.5 m and MapInfo 8.5 and Idrisi 32 softwares for data analysis and georeferencing. It was performed a comparative analysis between land use types through 2011 and 2008, to identify the conflicts resulting from land uses changing related to the functions of the National Forest Management Plan enviromental zoning areas, subsidizing decision-making and strategies for their management. The land use classification for 2011, at a hierarchical primary level allowed to quantify and spatialize three typologies: Natural Uses, representing 42.11 % of the National Forest total area, represented by areas occupied by Araucaria Forest (FOM ) in multiple associations that are in various stages of succession and development; Anthropogenic Uses, representing 57.70% of the National Forest total area, whose original features have been modified by human activities, mainly related to araucaria (35.59 %) and Pinus (22.41 %) cultives; and, Aquatic Environments, with 0.19 % of National Forest total area. The analyzes and correlations between inventories in 2011 and 2008, for each area defined in the management plan, revealed diverse typologies in 2011 as a result of image classification methodology used in inventories than by socio- economic influences. About 283.99 ha (22.17%) of National Forest total area presents a scenario of land use conflicts, distributed among the different zones defined in the Management Plan. The use changes for each zone do not compromise the objectives and tasks set out in the Management Plan. Areas with medium environmental fragility predominated (63.22 %), followed by high fragile class (20.42 %). Areas with low fragility occupy only 15.01% of the National Forest. The classes of very low and very high fragility represent less than 1.5 % of the study area. The environmental fragility map with the inclusion of the variable Management Plan zones and the quantification of fragility classes in the areas defined in the Management Plan (2012) indicate that the proposed zoning is consistent with the needs for conservation and recovery in areas of greatest environmental fragility. Comparisons between land use types in 2008 and 2011, along with the environmental fragility to the zones defined in the Management Plan have highlighted new spatial arrangements for FLONA-PF, setting up a study of fundamental importance to reorient meet the goals of the management plan, in addition to supporting environmental planning actions of the regional landscape.
Avaliação dos efeitos de suspensões de nanopartículas de prata (AgNP) na erradicação de bactérias e fungos encontrados em material particulado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Rosa, Paula de Freitas
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1643570082155012
The monitoring of indoor air quality (QIA) is a subject that has been disseminated in the current research. The objectives of them are the development of common methodologies to identify possible pollution agents at different locations. However, there are few works that develop methodologies in an attempt to mitigate the effects of indoor air pollution. Based on this problem, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of filters doped with silver nanoparticles in the elimination of bacteria and fungi (bioaerosols) present in particulate matter from indoor environments, since it is known that nanosized silver particles have pronounced bactericidal and fungicidal effect. To achieve these goals, fabrics considered common were initially acquired in malls and were evaluated in terms of their filtration properties (permeability, loss, collection efficiency). It was subsequently performed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles suspension followed by immersion in the suspension of the chosen fabric. After drying, they were used to collect air suspended particulate material in a bathroom of the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Federal University of São Carlos. From the results it was verified that the filters doped with silver nanoparticles were able to significantly eradicate microorganisms present in air suspended particulate material. The elimination of microorganisms ranged from 22 to 82% for the mesh PV and 71 to 100% for the cotton fabric.
Integração energética da biorrefinaria de cana-de-açúcar para produção de etanol de primeira e segunda geração e energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Oliveira, Cássia Maria de
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Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602653870311562
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8332048666190385
The increase in demand for biofuels has driven the development of new technologies such as ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis. Given the importance of Brazil in the ethanol market, the inclusion of technology of second generation ethanol will intensify its production. Energy integration in a sugarcane biorefinery provides important advantages for industrial processes such as better energy management, environmental benefits and increased ethanol production. The last factor is due to lower steam consumption in plant with energy integration, so, less bagasse is needed for cogeneration and a fraction of the surplus can be made available for production of second generation ethanol. In this context, the present study conducted energy integration of a sugarcane biorefinery in order to reduce the consumption of utilities. The technique used was Pinch analysis, an established methodology in the area of energy integration. The biorefinery used in this work consists of process for first and second generation ethanol and electricity production simulated in EMSO software (Environment for Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization). Six different scenarios of biorefinery were evaluated, which differ by pretreatment for bagasse (hydrothermal, diluted acid and steam explosion) and by inclusion or not of pentoses fermentation step. Processes that consider pentoses fermentation step have higher ethanol production when compared to processes that do not make use of pentoses fraction, but steam consumption increases in the same order of magnitude of ethanol production. For the six scenarios evaluated energy integration demonstrated a reduction in energy consumption over 50% when compared to corresponding processes without energy integration and over 30% when compared to process with project integration, as commonly found in Brazilian plants. Besides the economic advantage due to decreased costs of hot and cold utilities, the energy integration provides better energy management, reduction in emission of gases and liquid effluents and increases the availability of bagasse for production of second generation ethanol and/or electricity.
Generalização da sequência curta de Fadell-Neuwirth para os grupos de tranças de superfícies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Dutra, Éderson Ricardo Frühling
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0396943362656697
The objective of this work is to study the braid groups on topological surfaces as well as studying a generalization of the Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequence. We treated also the existence of a cross-section for the Fadell-Neuwirth s generalized fibration, in particular, we are concerned in the case when the surface is equal the sphere S2.
Formação de professores iniciantes: o Programa de Mentoria online da UFSCar em foco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Massetto, Débora Cristina
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Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3331023967028359
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar se e de que maneira o Programa de Mentoria online, oferecido pela Universidade Federal de São Carlos (2004-2007) contribuiu para a formação de professores iniciantes, participantes da iniciativa, a partir da análise atual desses docentes sobre sua participação no programa. Ele foi desenvolvido com o propósito de auxiliar professores com menos de cinco anos de carreira a superarem as dificuldades típicas dos anos iniciais da docência, por meio do seu acompanhamento, via correspondências eletrônicas, por professoras experientes as mentoras. O referencial teórico pautou-se na literatura sobre professores iniciantes, aprendizagem e desenvolvimento profissional da docência, base de conhecimento para o ensino. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário online preenchido por dez professoras ex-participantes do Programa e por entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas via Skype com duas delas. Além disso, as análises envolveram os dados obtidos durante a realização do Programa, considerados aqui como narrativas. Os resultados apontam o início da carreira como um momento caracterizado por angústias, inseguranças e desespero, como também por falta de apoio na inserção do professor no contexto de trabalho. Apontar também que a participação no Programa de Mentoria promoveu aprendizagens, mediante interações entre com as mentoras, que ajudaram no enfrentamento das dificuldades vivenciadas nos primeiros anos da carreira, assim como após cinco anos de exercício profissional.
Síntese hidrotérmica assistida por micro-ondas do CaTiO3 puro e dopado com samário e sua caracterização óptica e morfológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Pinatti, Ivo Mateus
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Rosa, Ieda Lucia Viana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086262254116449
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338530279475392
The ATiO3 (A = Pb, Ca, Sr, and Ba) perovskite have attracted considerable attention and constitute one of the most important class of mixed oxides. It presents various applications owing to their physical properties and has been extensively studied as candidates for electro-optical devices. Pure Calcium Titanate (CT) and Samarium doped Calcium Titanate Ca1-xSmxTiO3 (x = 0,5%, 1,0%, 3,0% and 5,0% molar ratio of Sm3+ ions) powders were synthesized by hydrothermal microwave method (HTMW) at 140 °C for 16 min resulting in the samples CT:Sm (0,5%), CT:Sm (1,0%), CT:Sm (3,0%) and CT:Sm (5,0%), respectively. The HTMW method appears to be an efficient method to prepare the luminescence materials using low temperatures and very short reactional times. Sm3+ ion was introduced into the perovskite lattice aiming to study the synthesis, photoluminescence emissions and morphological properties of these powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns present a single phase indexed as Pbnm space group in a typical orthorhombic CaTiO3 (CT) structure which prove long-range order. Micro-Raman (MR) spectra of the samples indicated the characteristics vibrational modes, while UV-vis measurements showed changes in the optical absorbance behavior of CT samples compared to CT:Sm. The existence of two small absorbance bands at 406 and 603 nm suggests the presence of Sm3+ in the CT lattice, confirmed by excitation and photoluminescence emission spectra. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show Sm3+ emission lines ascribed to the Sm3+ transitions from 4G5/2 excited states to 6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2 and 11/2) states in CT:Sm powders excited at 406 nm, that was noticed at, respectively 567, 603, 648 and 713 nm. Among the samples, the most intense photoluminescence results were observed for the CT:Sm (1,0%) sample. Field Emission Gun -Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM) showed micro-cubes shape with dimensions around 3,0 μm and were not affected by the Sm3+ concentrations considered here. EDSX results confirmed the composition of the samples. The Commission International d Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of the as prepared CT:Sm samples were determined and confirm these materials as promising candidates for applications in the visible red-orange range spectra.
Análise técnica de um sistema de captura de movimentos integrado com um software de modelagem e simulação humana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Santos, William Rodrigues dos
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5507046300736969
The Motion Capture technology is considered a potential to overcome the limitations of traditional human simulation, reducing the time spent on creating and assigning greater reality simulations the simulated movements. This research presents an analysis of a technical system, formed by integrating a Motion Capture System with a human model and simulation software, aiming to establish ways to use the system in project process, contextualized by ergonomics. Different configurations of the main steps of the integration of the Motion Capture System Moven (Xsens), integrated with CAD DELMIA (Dassault Systèmes) software, which has a module of human simulation (Human Builder), through four experimental tests. Four trials were defined with factorial design to test the combination of different possible system configurations: i) spatial positioning of virtual environments, ii) mitigation of drift, iii) digital human kinematics and iv) anthropometric compatibility. From the results obtained in each test operating procedures were constructed in order to solve the problems and limitations of using these integrated technologies. The following procedures show how to configure the integrated system for positioning a virtual environment in a CAD system known coordinates, which enables the correction of the position due to drift of the capture system. Procedures that relate to the possible interactions between the body and capture the workplace, with the characteristics of the activity and the objectives of the simulation were also created. In addition, it was elaborated a systematic iterative to match the anthropometry between real human being, avatar of the capture system and digital human. The development of ways to use these technologies provides improvement of techniques used to construct the simulation, contributing to integration the perspective of future activity in the design in the design of productive situations.
Busca ativa: uma abordagem para a análise da demanda em programas corporativos de ergonomia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Tonin, Luiz Antonio
;
Menegon, Nilton Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1835542837415565
This study discusses the stage of demand assessment of a corporate ergonomic program from a big company in the mechanical metal sector of high aggregated value. The topics covered in this work present the approach, methodological grounds and tools used in the Active Search for ergonomics issues. This Active Search is a systematic approach for mapping ergonomic demands developed and applied in the case presented. This approach encompasses a procedure and software which will be presented in this work. The Active Search begins after the analysis of medical related absenteeism data. They indicate the sectors where there may be critical situations in which ergonomic intervention is needed. After that, the required tasks are identified for each sector. Those tasks are analyzed by workers who, individually, indicate the ones that are critical and, among these, they also study their level of criticality in a preestablished scale. Finally, the data are compiled and submitted to the validation and prioritization of workers. The process is a collective activity which involves all the workers of the sector and the supervisors. Later, the selected activities are sent for the ergonomic situation analysis. This is an action research grounded study. The results of this work have shown a method which helps the identification of the tasks considered critical by the workers and that helps in the synthesis of the collected data. The relations among demands for family and products; ergonomic demands from technology used in manufacturing; the production sector and its respective directors and single manufacturing units are presented in the moment of synthesis. In the view of the results for such synthesis, it is possible to identify the distribution in the company of the ergonomic demands, according to these categories. This can aid the organization to decide the strategies to reduce critical work situation and to determine the systematically operations of the action analysis as well as the ergonomic improvements for the project. In addition, other results of this study are presented as an approach in the analysis phase in the ergonomic demand, as an operant model and as a technological innovation.