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Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae): um complexo de espécies. Estudos citogenéticos clássicos e moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14) Martinez, Juliana de Fatima; Moreira Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5784496090097851
Brazil has a large and dense hydrographic network distributed in eight major basins, with a great diversity of fish species. Erythrinidae is a small family of Characiformes, represented by only three genera: Erythrinus, Hoplerythrinus and Hoplias. Hoplerythrinus has only three species: H. cinereus (Gill, 1858), H. gronovii (Valenciennes, 1847) and H. unitaeniatus (Agassiz, 1829) and only the latter is found in Brazil, besides also occur in Central America and in several other countries in South America. H. cinereus and H. gronovii have a more restricted distribution and occur only in Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana, respectively. Only H. unitaeniatus has cytogenetic studies, proving to be a diverse chromosomally species, indicating it is a complex of species. In order to progress in the knowledge of the genome of H. unitaeniatus, this study aimed to characterize by conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding, impregnation with silver nitrate and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes of DNAr 18S and 5S, telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n, histones (H3 and H4), and microsatellite (CA)15, (GA)15, (CAC)10, (GAG)10 and (GATA)n, populations of H. unitaeniatus from five hydrographic basin in Brazil (Amazon, Araguaia, Paraguay, Upper Parana and São Francisco). The diploid numbers found were 2n=48 (Paraguay and Upper Parana), 2n=50 (São Francisco) and 2n=52 (Amazon, Araguaia and São Francisco), besides the occurrence of natural hybrids with 2n=51 chromosomes in the São Francisco basin. The C-banding showed heterochromatic blocks located in the interstitial and pericentromeric position in most chromosomes, but some chromosomes also showed heterochromatic blocks in the centromeric and terminal position in all populations. The impregnation with silver nitrate revealed simple AgNORs for populations of the Amazon and Araguaia and multiple AgNORs for the populations of Paraguay, Upper Parana and São Francisco. FISH with 18S and 5S DNAr probes revealed several chromosomes carrying these cistron, besides the occurrence of synteny in all populations. Probes with telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n detected sites only in the terminal vii portion of all chromosomes. A dispersed pattern was verified to H3 and H4 histones in the chromosomes and only for H4 was observed strongest blocks in the interstitial position. The chromosomal distribution of the microsatellites (CA)15, (GA)15, (CAC)10, (GAG)10 in the genome of H. unitaeniatus shown to be preferentially located in the terminal position of the chromosomes with some interstitial regions marked. The microsatellite (GATA)n shown dispersed in the chromosomes without preferential accumulation in a specific region of the chromosome in all populations analyzed. The data obtained in this study reinforce the hypothesis that H. unitaeniatus it is not a single species, but the specie complex H unitaeniatus.
Formação de educadores musicais: em busca de uma formação humanizadora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14) Severino, Natália Búrigo; Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7473436068039477
This research is based on Paulo Freire, Carlos Rodrigues Brandão and Ernani Maria Fiori ideas about education for dialogue, respect and not oppression, known as humanizing education. According to that, authors as HJ Koellreutter, Carlos Kater, Maura Penna and Ilza Joly, help us to defend humanizing education within the field of Music Education. When advocating for humanizing musical education we must also defend the teaching fomation to work within this perspective. Thus, a qualitative research accompanied a group of undergraduate students in music education, which are working with music in public schools through a scholarship program named Institutional Scholarship Program for Teaching Initiation (PIBID). From the framework adopted, the observations made as a music mentor of these students, and the use of a daily field diary, we raised a list of skills and attitudes necessary for an educator seeking to act under the humanizing perspective. The researcher made interventions, and dynamic activities with these undergraduate students to instigate them, to question them, and propose a reflection on their own teaching practice. From these interventions, several pathways and its obstacles were pointed to a teaching formation that aims and cares about the human as a being. During these two years of research, a cyclic pattern was identified regards to how the licensees relates with their job in PIBID. This cycle was analysed from Michaël Huberman analysis about the teaching career cycle, which gave elements to comprehend the teaching experience and their formation. We noticed that to the student become a loving, respectful and dialogical musical educator, therefore humanizing, their formation must be founded in this same principles. This means that the training teacher, who accompainying the undergraduate from the beggining of their program must be loving, respectfull and dialogical. Hopefully, this research will contribute to the field of education and music education, presenting a new concept of music education and showing the necessity and importance of thinking, with commitment and respect, the teaching formation of musical educators to act in Brazilian schools.
Uso de biotemplates na obtenção de microtubos com nanopartículas de ouro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14) Kubo, Andressa Mayumi; Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6190628977825859
Recently, the studies in the area of hybrid materials composed by biological structures have been of great interest, since they are considered versatile biotemplates in wich referred to the organization of nanostructured functional materials, mainly aiming technological attributions. Therefore, the central objective of this Master s Dissertation was the construction of microtubules formed by multilayers combined of gold and silver nanoparticles using as biotemplates the fungus Aspergillus aculeatus, which originated, thus, stable hybrid mesostructures with high potential of application to sensors and biosensors. The fungus was cultivated in a rich environment of citrate and, after the development of the hyphae, the colloidal dispersion of nanoparticles was added. Studies were done with relation to the effect of the synthesis temperature and the concentration of citrate in the average size of the gold nanoparticles and, posteriorly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy of absorption in the UVVis region. The formation of multilayer composed by different metal nanoparticles was evaluated too. The hybrid materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis by EDX (SEM-EDS). The obtained results showed that the either concentration of citrate or the temperature directly affect the average size of the gold nanoparticles with expressive results to the temperature. In which referred the formation of the microtubules with different metal nanoparticles, three distinct regions were identified, namely, containing just gold nanoparticles, containing gold and silver nanoparticles and containing just silver nanoparticles, fact discussed in this Master s Dissertation by the differentiation of hyphae growth inside the colloidal dispersion.
Caracterização e análise da fragilidade ambiental da floresta nacional de Passo Fundo (Mato Castelhano, RS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14) Quadros, Franciele Rosset de; Santos, José Eduardo dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4017320131233930
Considering the importance of maintenance and continuity of Conservation Units (UCs) and the adoption of strategies for biodiversity conservation in the regional landscape, this study proposes the physical environment characterization associated with the environmental fragility identification of the Passo Fundo National Forest (FLONA-PF), Mato Castelhano municipality, RS, from the perspective of identifying changes in the functions of Management Plan environmental zoning (2012). The physical environment characterization was based on the thematic maps of slope, hypsometry, geomorphology, soils, drainage network and land uses types in 2011, using a GeoEye-1 image with a spatial resolution of 0.5 m and MapInfo 8.5 and Idrisi 32 softwares for data analysis and georeferencing. It was performed a comparative analysis between land use types through 2011 and 2008, to identify the conflicts resulting from land uses changing related to the functions of the National Forest Management Plan enviromental zoning areas, subsidizing decision-making and strategies for their management. The land use classification for 2011, at a hierarchical primary level allowed to quantify and spatialize three typologies: Natural Uses, representing 42.11 % of the National Forest total area, represented by areas occupied by Araucaria Forest (FOM ) in multiple associations that are in various stages of succession and development; Anthropogenic Uses, representing 57.70% of the National Forest total area, whose original features have been modified by human activities, mainly related to araucaria (35.59 %) and Pinus (22.41 %) cultives; and, Aquatic Environments, with 0.19 % of National Forest total area. The analyzes and correlations between inventories in 2011 and 2008, for each area defined in the management plan, revealed diverse typologies in 2011 as a result of image classification methodology used in inventories than by socio- economic influences. About 283.99 ha (22.17%) of National Forest total area presents a scenario of land use conflicts, distributed among the different zones defined in the Management Plan. The use changes for each zone do not compromise the objectives and tasks set out in the Management Plan. Areas with medium environmental fragility predominated (63.22 %), followed by high fragile class (20.42 %). Areas with low fragility occupy only 15.01% of the National Forest. The classes of very low and very high fragility represent less than 1.5 % of the study area. The environmental fragility map with the inclusion of the variable Management Plan zones and the quantification of fragility classes in the areas defined in the Management Plan (2012) indicate that the proposed zoning is consistent with the needs for conservation and recovery in areas of greatest environmental fragility. Comparisons between land use types in 2008 and 2011, along with the environmental fragility to the zones defined in the Management Plan have highlighted new spatial arrangements for FLONA-PF, setting up a study of fundamental importance to reorient meet the goals of the management plan, in addition to supporting environmental planning actions of the regional landscape.
Exame Celpe-Bras: uma investigação sobre o papel do entrevistador na interação face a face
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14) Bottura, Eleonora Bambozzi; Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7573267318068355
This work aims at investigating interviewer s role in Celpe-Bras second term 2012 edition. We consider that the role of the interviewer can affect positively or negatively the examinee s performance as well as the examinee s proficiency. Studies have focused on the impact of the interviewer s role in performance. Important researches investigate interviewer s attitudes can benefit or harm examinee s performance. It is of main relevance to identify possible variables in the interviewer-examinee relation when they are interacting. This research aims at analyzing interviewer roles regarding reliability and validity exam. In addition, the main objective is to investigate features involved in interviewer attitudes which can cause an impact on the interaction and on examinee´s performance. Based on results, this study collects some evidences related to validity and reliability of oral proficiency exams focusing interviewer s role, in order to provide some referrals for reflecting on training interviewers and examiners.
Pesquisa-ação sobre os fatores de sucesso para implantação e continuidade do uso de cartas de controle estatístico de processo em uma planta química no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14) Santana Júnior, Manoel Bispo de; Toledo, José Carlos de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4429313283239920
Statistical process control charts (SPC charts) were created in the 20th century in the United States and since then, they have been used for various purposes in different industries and services. SPC chart utilization was widespread in Japan in the postwar period and its effective use in Brazil occurred from the 90´s. Although several examples of use, there are still some industries where deployment of SPC and its sustained use in shopfloor were not successful. In the chemical industry, its use in the shopfloor is controversial and there is no many studies focused on this industry to explain the factors that can impact the successful implementation of statistical control charts by operational teams. This dissertation aims to investigate, through an action research, which are the critical factors for a successful implementation and sustained use of SPC charts in a chemical. It was performed a literature review to gather studies about success factors to implement SPC chart in industries. Using action research, those critical success factors were tested in practice with operators in the chemical plant of a multinational enterprise located in Brazil. This chemical plant has experimented to implement SPC chart in the past with no success. As a result of the action research, we succeed to implement SPC chart in the industrial unit and reduce variability with savings of US$ 150,000.00 per year energy. SPC chart use was well received by operators and leadership, showing that some success factors are really critical for a correct SPC implementation in a brazilian chemical plant. The results were used to develop a roadmap for SPC, with details about how and when to work each success factor. Afterwards, Roadmap was used in another eight different industrial units of the chemical company, all with success.
Educação ambiental na engenharia ambiental à distância na UFSCar: proximidades e afastamentos à formação crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-14) Borgonove, Carolina Motta; Zuin, Vânia Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8320912476985569
The incorporation of environmental education (EE) in school curricula has shown to be a major challenge for environmental educators and educators in general. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities and limitations of the EE discipline, conceived from a critical perspective, for the training of students of the Environmental Engineering distance education course offered by UFSCar. The research methodology consisted of analyzing, throughout the discipline, the students conceptions regarding the concepts of EE and sustainability, as well as the application of these concepts in a project of socio-educational intervention. The analysis also included considerations on this training process from the teacher responsible for the discipline and from coordinators of the Environmental Engineering course. The results indicate that, although a single discipline cannot be deemed responsible for a critical training, the discipline provides significant contributions to the students understanding of EE as a broad, complex, critical and participatory process, mainlyin the sense of allowing a reflection on the deeper causes of the environmental crisis and on the complexity that surrounds proposals to transform such reality.