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Integração energética da biorrefinaria de cana-de-açúcar para produção de etanol de primeira e segunda geração e energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17) Oliveira, Cássia Maria de; Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602653870311562; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8332048666190385
The increase in demand for biofuels has driven the development of new technologies such as ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis. Given the importance of Brazil in the ethanol market, the inclusion of technology of second generation ethanol will intensify its production. Energy integration in a sugarcane biorefinery provides important advantages for industrial processes such as better energy management, environmental benefits and increased ethanol production. The last factor is due to lower steam consumption in plant with energy integration, so, less bagasse is needed for cogeneration and a fraction of the surplus can be made available for production of second generation ethanol. In this context, the present study conducted energy integration of a sugarcane biorefinery in order to reduce the consumption of utilities. The technique used was Pinch analysis, an established methodology in the area of energy integration. The biorefinery used in this work consists of process for first and second generation ethanol and electricity production simulated in EMSO software (Environment for Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization). Six different scenarios of biorefinery were evaluated, which differ by pretreatment for bagasse (hydrothermal, diluted acid and steam explosion) and by inclusion or not of pentoses fermentation step. Processes that consider pentoses fermentation step have higher ethanol production when compared to processes that do not make use of pentoses fraction, but steam consumption increases in the same order of magnitude of ethanol production. For the six scenarios evaluated energy integration demonstrated a reduction in energy consumption over 50% when compared to corresponding processes without energy integration and over 30% when compared to process with project integration, as commonly found in Brazilian plants. Besides the economic advantage due to decreased costs of hot and cold utilities, the energy integration provides better energy management, reduction in emission of gases and liquid effluents and increases the availability of bagasse for production of second generation ethanol and/or electricity.
Generalização da sequência curta de Fadell-Neuwirth para os grupos de tranças de superfícies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17) Dutra, Éderson Ricardo Frühling; Vendrúscolo, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0396943362656697
The objective of this work is to study the braid groups on topological surfaces as well as studying a generalization of the Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequence. We treated also the existence of a cross-section for the Fadell-Neuwirth s generalized fibration, in particular, we are concerned in the case when the surface is equal the sphere S2.
Avaliação dos efeitos de suspensões de nanopartículas de prata (AgNP) na erradicação de bactérias e fungos encontrados em material particulado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17) Rosa, Paula de Freitas; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1643570082155012
The monitoring of indoor air quality (QIA) is a subject that has been disseminated in the current research. The objectives of them are the development of common methodologies to identify possible pollution agents at different locations. However, there are few works that develop methodologies in an attempt to mitigate the effects of indoor air pollution. Based on this problem, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of filters doped with silver nanoparticles in the elimination of bacteria and fungi (bioaerosols) present in particulate matter from indoor environments, since it is known that nanosized silver particles have pronounced bactericidal and fungicidal effect. To achieve these goals, fabrics considered common were initially acquired in malls and were evaluated in terms of their filtration properties (permeability, loss, collection efficiency). It was subsequently performed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles suspension followed by immersion in the suspension of the chosen fabric. After drying, they were used to collect air suspended particulate material in a bathroom of the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Federal University of São Carlos. From the results it was verified that the filters doped with silver nanoparticles were able to significantly eradicate microorganisms present in air suspended particulate material. The elimination of microorganisms ranged from 22 to 82% for the mesh PV and 71 to 100% for the cotton fabric.
Formação de professores iniciantes: o Programa de Mentoria online da UFSCar em foco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17) Massetto, Débora Cristina; Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3331023967028359
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar se e de que maneira o Programa de Mentoria online, oferecido pela Universidade Federal de São Carlos (2004-2007) contribuiu para a formação de professores iniciantes, participantes da iniciativa, a partir da análise atual desses docentes sobre sua participação no programa. Ele foi desenvolvido com o propósito de auxiliar professores com menos de cinco anos de carreira a superarem as dificuldades típicas dos anos iniciais da docência, por meio do seu acompanhamento, via correspondências eletrônicas, por professoras experientes as mentoras. O referencial teórico pautou-se na literatura sobre professores iniciantes, aprendizagem e desenvolvimento profissional da docência, base de conhecimento para o ensino. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário online preenchido por dez professoras ex-participantes do Programa e por entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas via Skype com duas delas. Além disso, as análises envolveram os dados obtidos durante a realização do Programa, considerados aqui como narrativas. Os resultados apontam o início da carreira como um momento caracterizado por angústias, inseguranças e desespero, como também por falta de apoio na inserção do professor no contexto de trabalho. Apontar também que a participação no Programa de Mentoria promoveu aprendizagens, mediante interações entre com as mentoras, que ajudaram no enfrentamento das dificuldades vivenciadas nos primeiros anos da carreira, assim como após cinco anos de exercício profissional.
Síntese hidrotérmica assistida por micro-ondas do CaTiO3 puro e dopado com samário e sua caracterização óptica e morfológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17) Pinatti, Ivo Mateus; Rosa, Ieda Lucia Viana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086262254116449; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338530279475392
The ATiO3 (A = Pb, Ca, Sr, and Ba) perovskite have attracted considerable attention and constitute one of the most important class of mixed oxides. It presents various applications owing to their physical properties and has been extensively studied as candidates for electro-optical devices. Pure Calcium Titanate (CT) and Samarium doped Calcium Titanate Ca1-xSmxTiO3 (x = 0,5%, 1,0%, 3,0% and 5,0% molar ratio of Sm3+ ions) powders were synthesized by hydrothermal microwave method (HTMW) at 140 °C for 16 min resulting in the samples CT:Sm (0,5%), CT:Sm (1,0%), CT:Sm (3,0%) and CT:Sm (5,0%), respectively. The HTMW method appears to be an efficient method to prepare the luminescence materials using low temperatures and very short reactional times. Sm3+ ion was introduced into the perovskite lattice aiming to study the synthesis, photoluminescence emissions and morphological properties of these powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns present a single phase indexed as Pbnm space group in a typical orthorhombic CaTiO3 (CT) structure which prove long-range order. Micro-Raman (MR) spectra of the samples indicated the characteristics vibrational modes, while UV-vis measurements showed changes in the optical absorbance behavior of CT samples compared to CT:Sm. The existence of two small absorbance bands at 406 and 603 nm suggests the presence of Sm3+ in the CT lattice, confirmed by excitation and photoluminescence emission spectra. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show Sm3+ emission lines ascribed to the Sm3+ transitions from 4G5/2 excited states to 6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2 and 11/2) states in CT:Sm powders excited at 406 nm, that was noticed at, respectively 567, 603, 648 and 713 nm. Among the samples, the most intense photoluminescence results were observed for the CT:Sm (1,0%) sample. Field Emission Gun -Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM) showed micro-cubes shape with dimensions around 3,0 μm and were not affected by the Sm3+ concentrations considered here. EDSX results confirmed the composition of the samples. The Commission International d Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of the as prepared CT:Sm samples were determined and confirm these materials as promising candidates for applications in the visible red-orange range spectra.
Análise técnica de um sistema de captura de movimentos integrado com um software de modelagem e simulação humana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17) Santos, William Rodrigues dos; Menegon, Nilton Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5507046300736969
The Motion Capture technology is considered a potential to overcome the limitations of traditional human simulation, reducing the time spent on creating and assigning greater reality simulations the simulated movements. This research presents an analysis of a technical system, formed by integrating a Motion Capture System with a human model and simulation software, aiming to establish ways to use the system in project process, contextualized by ergonomics. Different configurations of the main steps of the integration of the Motion Capture System Moven (Xsens), integrated with CAD DELMIA (Dassault Systèmes) software, which has a module of human simulation (Human Builder), through four experimental tests. Four trials were defined with factorial design to test the combination of different possible system configurations: i) spatial positioning of virtual environments, ii) mitigation of drift, iii) digital human kinematics and iv) anthropometric compatibility. From the results obtained in each test operating procedures were constructed in order to solve the problems and limitations of using these integrated technologies. The following procedures show how to configure the integrated system for positioning a virtual environment in a CAD system known coordinates, which enables the correction of the position due to drift of the capture system. Procedures that relate to the possible interactions between the body and capture the workplace, with the characteristics of the activity and the objectives of the simulation were also created. In addition, it was elaborated a systematic iterative to match the anthropometry between real human being, avatar of the capture system and digital human. The development of ways to use these technologies provides improvement of techniques used to construct the simulation, contributing to integration the perspective of future activity in the design in the design of productive situations.
Da experiência não autêntica à busca por vivências humanizadoras: a prática curricular freireana em ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17) Gomes, Carla Garcia de Santana; Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3084926726689820
Based on the concepts of experience and Walter Benjamin's living, the present study aims to construct and investigate a proposed curriculum in sciences based on the pedagogy of Paulo Freire, aiming at the possibility of providing humanizing experiences, which in the context of the classroom, are able to contribute to a education greater social quality and to overcoming some difficulties related to science teaching. For this purpose, from a qualitative methodological approach, identified with the theory of action research, were conducted participating observations and constructed a plan of action, that constituted himself in a programmatic sequence for science teaching in the context of a public school the municipal education of Sao Paulo. This sequence had how theoretical and methodological referentials: the process of thematic research via generator theme as proposed by Paulo Freire, the thematic network by Antonio Gouvêa da Silva, and the three pedagogical moments influenced by Freire's pedagogy and suggested by Demétrio Delizoicov, José Angotti and Marta Pernambuco. Data obtained during this process constitute in the students' productions, collected and organized for later analysis, and records kept by the teacher-researcher in the field diary. The analysis of the data was under the light of freirean thinking and in benjaminianos concepts of experience. The curricular experience made possible positive changes, in ethical and critical perspective, in the form of learners interpret and position themselves through social reality which points to the possibility of humanizing experiences through a freirean curricular practice. And while promoting contextualized practices, dialogical, problematizing and participatory practices showed possible advances in overcoming some of the difficulties encountered nowadays in science teaching.
Estratégias de operações em serviços de saúde: estudo de caso em uma empresa do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17) Teixeira, Isabela Tatiana; Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0513516455650633
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the operations strategy in a health care company located in São Paulo State: it s content, associate with established competitive priorities, and the changes in the structural and infrastructural decisions areas. The literature review shows that the discussion about operations strategy in service area is not exhausted; services have specific characteristics, as direct contact with the customer and the almost simultaneous interference in this process and that differs services operation from manufacturing operation. A secondary health area data analysis allowed the construction of the economic and market environment, in which companies that operate in the provision of health services are inserted: there are annual increase in search for private services, but the market has become more concentrated; barriers to entry and the operation of a regulatory agency are also factors that affect the performance of the companies. The studied company has diversified operations and significant area; because of the personalized service that provides, and competitors with administrative and financial problems, the case is the market leader. Quality and service are the explicit competitive priorities, but the regulatory agency requirements also guide the operations. The search for service pattern recognition, with ONA certification, the organized quality team, the improvement of customer service and the dispersion of the facilities are actions that have been implemented by the company and confirm the alignment between their competitive and operations strategies.
Busca ativa: uma abordagem para a análise da demanda em programas corporativos de ergonomia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17) Tonin, Luiz Antonio; Menegon, Nilton Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1835542837415565
This study discusses the stage of demand assessment of a corporate ergonomic program from a big company in the mechanical metal sector of high aggregated value. The topics covered in this work present the approach, methodological grounds and tools used in the Active Search for ergonomics issues. This Active Search is a systematic approach for mapping ergonomic demands developed and applied in the case presented. This approach encompasses a procedure and software which will be presented in this work. The Active Search begins after the analysis of medical related absenteeism data. They indicate the sectors where there may be critical situations in which ergonomic intervention is needed. After that, the required tasks are identified for each sector. Those tasks are analyzed by workers who, individually, indicate the ones that are critical and, among these, they also study their level of criticality in a preestablished scale. Finally, the data are compiled and submitted to the validation and prioritization of workers. The process is a collective activity which involves all the workers of the sector and the supervisors. Later, the selected activities are sent for the ergonomic situation analysis. This is an action research grounded study. The results of this work have shown a method which helps the identification of the tasks considered critical by the workers and that helps in the synthesis of the collected data. The relations among demands for family and products; ergonomic demands from technology used in manufacturing; the production sector and its respective directors and single manufacturing units are presented in the moment of synthesis. In the view of the results for such synthesis, it is possible to identify the distribution in the company of the ergonomic demands, according to these categories. This can aid the organization to decide the strategies to reduce critical work situation and to determine the systematically operations of the action analysis as well as the ergonomic improvements for the project. In addition, other results of this study are presented as an approach in the analysis phase in the ergonomic demand, as an operant model and as a technological innovation.