Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-02-17"

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Avaliação dos efeitos de suspensões de nanopartículas de prata (AgNP) na erradicação de bactérias e fungos encontrados em material particulado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Rosa, Paula de Freitas
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1643570082155012
The monitoring of indoor air quality (QIA) is a subject that has been disseminated in the current research. The objectives of them are the development of common methodologies to identify possible pollution agents at different locations. However, there are few works that develop methodologies in an attempt to mitigate the effects of indoor air pollution. Based on this problem, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of filters doped with silver nanoparticles in the elimination of bacteria and fungi (bioaerosols) present in particulate matter from indoor environments, since it is known that nanosized silver particles have pronounced bactericidal and fungicidal effect. To achieve these goals, fabrics considered common were initially acquired in malls and were evaluated in terms of their filtration properties (permeability, loss, collection efficiency). It was subsequently performed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles suspension followed by immersion in the suspension of the chosen fabric. After drying, they were used to collect air suspended particulate material in a bathroom of the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Federal University of São Carlos. From the results it was verified that the filters doped with silver nanoparticles were able to significantly eradicate microorganisms present in air suspended particulate material. The elimination of microorganisms ranged from 22 to 82% for the mesh PV and 71 to 100% for the cotton fabric.
Integração energética da biorrefinaria de cana-de-açúcar para produção de etanol de primeira e segunda geração e energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Oliveira, Cássia Maria de
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Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602653870311562
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8332048666190385
The increase in demand for biofuels has driven the development of new technologies such as ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis. Given the importance of Brazil in the ethanol market, the inclusion of technology of second generation ethanol will intensify its production. Energy integration in a sugarcane biorefinery provides important advantages for industrial processes such as better energy management, environmental benefits and increased ethanol production. The last factor is due to lower steam consumption in plant with energy integration, so, less bagasse is needed for cogeneration and a fraction of the surplus can be made available for production of second generation ethanol. In this context, the present study conducted energy integration of a sugarcane biorefinery in order to reduce the consumption of utilities. The technique used was Pinch analysis, an established methodology in the area of energy integration. The biorefinery used in this work consists of process for first and second generation ethanol and electricity production simulated in EMSO software (Environment for Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization). Six different scenarios of biorefinery were evaluated, which differ by pretreatment for bagasse (hydrothermal, diluted acid and steam explosion) and by inclusion or not of pentoses fermentation step. Processes that consider pentoses fermentation step have higher ethanol production when compared to processes that do not make use of pentoses fraction, but steam consumption increases in the same order of magnitude of ethanol production. For the six scenarios evaluated energy integration demonstrated a reduction in energy consumption over 50% when compared to corresponding processes without energy integration and over 30% when compared to process with project integration, as commonly found in Brazilian plants. Besides the economic advantage due to decreased costs of hot and cold utilities, the energy integration provides better energy management, reduction in emission of gases and liquid effluents and increases the availability of bagasse for production of second generation ethanol and/or electricity.
Generalização da sequência curta de Fadell-Neuwirth para os grupos de tranças de superfícies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Dutra, Éderson Ricardo Frühling
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0396943362656697
The objective of this work is to study the braid groups on topological surfaces as well as studying a generalization of the Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequence. We treated also the existence of a cross-section for the Fadell-Neuwirth s generalized fibration, in particular, we are concerned in the case when the surface is equal the sphere S2.
Formação de professores iniciantes: o Programa de Mentoria online da UFSCar em foco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Massetto, Débora Cristina
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Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3331023967028359
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar se e de que maneira o Programa de Mentoria online, oferecido pela Universidade Federal de São Carlos (2004-2007) contribuiu para a formação de professores iniciantes, participantes da iniciativa, a partir da análise atual desses docentes sobre sua participação no programa. Ele foi desenvolvido com o propósito de auxiliar professores com menos de cinco anos de carreira a superarem as dificuldades típicas dos anos iniciais da docência, por meio do seu acompanhamento, via correspondências eletrônicas, por professoras experientes as mentoras. O referencial teórico pautou-se na literatura sobre professores iniciantes, aprendizagem e desenvolvimento profissional da docência, base de conhecimento para o ensino. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário online preenchido por dez professoras ex-participantes do Programa e por entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas via Skype com duas delas. Além disso, as análises envolveram os dados obtidos durante a realização do Programa, considerados aqui como narrativas. Os resultados apontam o início da carreira como um momento caracterizado por angústias, inseguranças e desespero, como também por falta de apoio na inserção do professor no contexto de trabalho. Apontar também que a participação no Programa de Mentoria promoveu aprendizagens, mediante interações entre com as mentoras, que ajudaram no enfrentamento das dificuldades vivenciadas nos primeiros anos da carreira, assim como após cinco anos de exercício profissional.
Síntese hidrotérmica assistida por micro-ondas do CaTiO3 puro e dopado com samário e sua caracterização óptica e morfológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Pinatti, Ivo Mateus
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Rosa, Ieda Lucia Viana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086262254116449
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338530279475392
The ATiO3 (A = Pb, Ca, Sr, and Ba) perovskite have attracted considerable attention and constitute one of the most important class of mixed oxides. It presents various applications owing to their physical properties and has been extensively studied as candidates for electro-optical devices. Pure Calcium Titanate (CT) and Samarium doped Calcium Titanate Ca1-xSmxTiO3 (x = 0,5%, 1,0%, 3,0% and 5,0% molar ratio of Sm3+ ions) powders were synthesized by hydrothermal microwave method (HTMW) at 140 °C for 16 min resulting in the samples CT:Sm (0,5%), CT:Sm (1,0%), CT:Sm (3,0%) and CT:Sm (5,0%), respectively. The HTMW method appears to be an efficient method to prepare the luminescence materials using low temperatures and very short reactional times. Sm3+ ion was introduced into the perovskite lattice aiming to study the synthesis, photoluminescence emissions and morphological properties of these powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns present a single phase indexed as Pbnm space group in a typical orthorhombic CaTiO3 (CT) structure which prove long-range order. Micro-Raman (MR) spectra of the samples indicated the characteristics vibrational modes, while UV-vis measurements showed changes in the optical absorbance behavior of CT samples compared to CT:Sm. The existence of two small absorbance bands at 406 and 603 nm suggests the presence of Sm3+ in the CT lattice, confirmed by excitation and photoluminescence emission spectra. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show Sm3+ emission lines ascribed to the Sm3+ transitions from 4G5/2 excited states to 6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2 and 11/2) states in CT:Sm powders excited at 406 nm, that was noticed at, respectively 567, 603, 648 and 713 nm. Among the samples, the most intense photoluminescence results were observed for the CT:Sm (1,0%) sample. Field Emission Gun -Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM) showed micro-cubes shape with dimensions around 3,0 μm and were not affected by the Sm3+ concentrations considered here. EDSX results confirmed the composition of the samples. The Commission International d Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of the as prepared CT:Sm samples were determined and confirm these materials as promising candidates for applications in the visible red-orange range spectra.
Análise técnica de um sistema de captura de movimentos integrado com um software de modelagem e simulação humana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Santos, William Rodrigues dos
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5507046300736969
The Motion Capture technology is considered a potential to overcome the limitations of traditional human simulation, reducing the time spent on creating and assigning greater reality simulations the simulated movements. This research presents an analysis of a technical system, formed by integrating a Motion Capture System with a human model and simulation software, aiming to establish ways to use the system in project process, contextualized by ergonomics. Different configurations of the main steps of the integration of the Motion Capture System Moven (Xsens), integrated with CAD DELMIA (Dassault Systèmes) software, which has a module of human simulation (Human Builder), through four experimental tests. Four trials were defined with factorial design to test the combination of different possible system configurations: i) spatial positioning of virtual environments, ii) mitigation of drift, iii) digital human kinematics and iv) anthropometric compatibility. From the results obtained in each test operating procedures were constructed in order to solve the problems and limitations of using these integrated technologies. The following procedures show how to configure the integrated system for positioning a virtual environment in a CAD system known coordinates, which enables the correction of the position due to drift of the capture system. Procedures that relate to the possible interactions between the body and capture the workplace, with the characteristics of the activity and the objectives of the simulation were also created. In addition, it was elaborated a systematic iterative to match the anthropometry between real human being, avatar of the capture system and digital human. The development of ways to use these technologies provides improvement of techniques used to construct the simulation, contributing to integration the perspective of future activity in the design in the design of productive situations.
Busca ativa: uma abordagem para a análise da demanda em programas corporativos de ergonomia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Tonin, Luiz Antonio
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1835542837415565
This study discusses the stage of demand assessment of a corporate ergonomic program from a big company in the mechanical metal sector of high aggregated value. The topics covered in this work present the approach, methodological grounds and tools used in the Active Search for ergonomics issues. This Active Search is a systematic approach for mapping ergonomic demands developed and applied in the case presented. This approach encompasses a procedure and software which will be presented in this work. The Active Search begins after the analysis of medical related absenteeism data. They indicate the sectors where there may be critical situations in which ergonomic intervention is needed. After that, the required tasks are identified for each sector. Those tasks are analyzed by workers who, individually, indicate the ones that are critical and, among these, they also study their level of criticality in a preestablished scale. Finally, the data are compiled and submitted to the validation and prioritization of workers. The process is a collective activity which involves all the workers of the sector and the supervisors. Later, the selected activities are sent for the ergonomic situation analysis. This is an action research grounded study. The results of this work have shown a method which helps the identification of the tasks considered critical by the workers and that helps in the synthesis of the collected data. The relations among demands for family and products; ergonomic demands from technology used in manufacturing; the production sector and its respective directors and single manufacturing units are presented in the moment of synthesis. In the view of the results for such synthesis, it is possible to identify the distribution in the company of the ergonomic demands, according to these categories. This can aid the organization to decide the strategies to reduce critical work situation and to determine the systematically operations of the action analysis as well as the ergonomic improvements for the project. In addition, other results of this study are presented as an approach in the analysis phase in the ergonomic demand, as an operant model and as a technological innovation.
Da experiência não autêntica à busca por vivências humanizadoras: a prática curricular freireana em ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Gomes, Carla Garcia de Santana
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3084926726689820
Based on the concepts of experience and Walter Benjamin's living, the present study aims to construct and investigate a proposed curriculum in sciences based on the pedagogy of Paulo Freire, aiming at the possibility of providing humanizing experiences, which in the context of the classroom, are able to contribute to a education greater social quality and to overcoming some difficulties related to science teaching. For this purpose, from a qualitative methodological approach, identified with the theory of action research, were conducted participating observations and constructed a plan of action, that constituted himself in a programmatic sequence for science teaching in the context of a public school the municipal education of Sao Paulo. This sequence had how theoretical and methodological referentials: the process of thematic research via generator theme as proposed by Paulo Freire, the thematic network by Antonio Gouvêa da Silva, and the three pedagogical moments influenced by Freire's pedagogy and suggested by Demétrio Delizoicov, José Angotti and Marta Pernambuco. Data obtained during this process constitute in the students' productions, collected and organized for later analysis, and records kept by the teacher-researcher in the field diary. The analysis of the data was under the light of freirean thinking and in benjaminianos concepts of experience. The curricular experience made possible positive changes, in ethical and critical perspective, in the form of learners interpret and position themselves through social reality which points to the possibility of humanizing experiences through a freirean curricular practice. And while promoting contextualized practices, dialogical, problematizing and participatory practices showed possible advances in overcoming some of the difficulties encountered nowadays in science teaching.
Estratégias de operações em serviços de saúde: estudo de caso em uma empresa do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-17)
Teixeira, Isabela Tatiana
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Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0513516455650633
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the operations strategy in a health care company located in São Paulo State: it s content, associate with established competitive priorities, and the changes in the structural and infrastructural decisions areas. The literature review shows that the discussion about operations strategy in service area is not exhausted; services have specific characteristics, as direct contact with the customer and the almost simultaneous interference in this process and that differs services operation from manufacturing operation. A secondary health area data analysis allowed the construction of the economic and market environment, in which companies that operate in the provision of health services are inserted: there are annual increase in search for private services, but the market has become more concentrated; barriers to entry and the operation of a regulatory agency are also factors that affect the performance of the companies. The studied company has diversified operations and significant area; because of the personalized service that provides, and competitors with administrative and financial problems, the case is the market leader. Quality and service are the explicit competitive priorities, but the regulatory agency requirements also guide the operations. The search for service pattern recognition, with ONA certification, the organized quality team, the improvement of customer service and the dispersion of the facilities are actions that have been implemented by the company and confirm the alignment between their competitive and operations strategies.
Uso dos recursos tecnológicos nas práticas dos professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-18)
Cruz, Tatiane Severgnini da
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Monteiro, Maria Iolanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2164721782097194
The integration of technological resources in teaching and learning process assigns to education a need for new thinking and sets new challenges to the routine of the classroom, leaving the teacher to review practices and concepts confront this issue. Given this situation, we conducted a qualitative research, as Lüdke and Andrew (1986) through a case study in a public school in the city of São Carlos - SP, with two active teachers in elementary education from the early years, with in order to answer the following question: What ideas have influenced the organization of pedagogical practices with technological resources of teachers in the early years of elementary school? Data were grouped into two angles: 1) the design of technological resources for teachers; and 2) Characterization of teaching practices with the use of technological resources. Our analyzes received theoretical background , mainly from Maurice Tardif , Maria Luiza Belloni , Vani Kenski Moreira , Vieira Pinto , Lion , Bernadette Gatti , Marcelo Garcia. Generally the teachers investigated using resources such as radio and television, which are dominated by them. Resources such as computers and data projectors are used by teachers with more fear; since these are equipments that they do not dominate. These and other aspects lead us to realize the importance of training teachers to use technological resources in a way that leverages the educational process, promoting student learning. Yet conducted a bibliographic study on digital database of thesis and dissertations to articulate the data found by analyzing the concepts and practices of the two teachers.
Complexidade da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca na síndrome da fragilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-18)
Bonjorni, Lélia Arantes
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Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6605709806723083
Background: Frailty is a critical state of physiological complexity loss. Evaluation measures of complexity could contribute for a better comprehension regarding the frailty process. Objective: to evaluate complexity of HRV, at rest and after postural change, on frailty syndrome. Design: cross-sectional. Setting: community. Subjects: 100 individuals over 60 years old, distributed in groups according to the frailty phenotype: frail (n=8), pre-frail (n=46) and non-frail (n=46). Methods: The electrocardiogram was made in supine and orthostatic postures, for 10 minutes in each position. Sequences of 256 RR intervals were analyzed through linear (spectral analysis low frequency in normalized units (LFnu) and high frequency in absolute units (HFabs)) and non-linear methods (symbolic analysis 0V% and 2UV%, Shannon entropy (SE), conditional entropy (normalized complexity index NCI)). Results: The NCI did not show difference among the evaluated groups in rest supine, however NCI presented reduced values in all 3 groups after orthostatic challenge. Except AFabs, other indices did not differ between groups at rest supine. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is no decrease of complexity on frailty syndrome, possibly because it already presents decreased values with the senescence. The postural change was unable to detect any impairment in HRV complexity associated with the frailty process.
(Re)pensar as imagens nas práticas escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-18)
Ferrarini, Maria Cristina Luiz
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Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3607925968259117
The main aim of this dissertation was to understand the perceptions of the educators involved in an investigation about the possibilities and importance of the use of visual culture images in the educational process within basic school spaces. The nature of the research was qualitative and exploratory. The empirical part was started by an extension course, a partnership between the Federal University of São Carlos and the local state school educational bureau, named: Image reading for medium and high school. Teachers lecturing at the four main areas of the national curriculum participated in the course. There were also school principals and pedagogical coordinators. From this group of educators, seven were selected to participate more directly of the investigation. The data collected were analyzed by the content analyses methodology, in which some aspects stood out, the ones we considered the obtained results: the cognitive development of the students and the application of specific school content has been one of the main image work objectives in the participants classrooms; such utilization occurs as a critical pedagogy strategy, directed mainly to perceptions of media influence; the school books available images have not been explored in all their possibilities, as knowledge facilitators and articulators towards critical attitudes; there is a content theorization need in critical perspectives, besides the thought diversity, fostered by collective appreciations of several images and artifact belonging to the visual culture, allowing the comprehension of plural thought importance and the difference concept, which may produce new basis to build a more democratic and inclusive basic school.
O papel dos parques tecnológicos no estímulo e criação de spin-offs acadêmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-18)
Collarino, Roberto Leonardo Xavier
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5642792186165097
One witness a world in which a company, to survive in a increasingly competitive market, needs to lauch new products in a dwindling time. To reach this, the company needs to acquire technologies, knowledge, skills and abilities through the innovation in both products and processes. In this context, there are the technology parks, that are physical spaces where it happens technology, innovation and information sharing. A technology park works as a mechanism for business: there are technology-based companies, business incubators, universities, research institutions, higher education institutions and research laboratories. Thus, it creats a propitios environment so that there are relationships between companies and universities, or, in other words, academic knowledge becomes a part of the daily business and it develops itself in innovation that can be marketed. So that the park can achieve it goals and develop and disseminate technological processes it needs to establish strong links with government institutions, compnies that complies with its objective and universities that are able to provide academic knowledge. This study aims to determine whether the presence of a technology park encourages the creation and development of academic spin-offs in São Carlos city (SP). It was a multi case study in São Carlos Science Park and Parque Eco Tecnológico Damha-São Carlos. As the mainly results, it was possible to note that having two technology parks in the city was not enough to stimulate the creation of academic spin-offs, but it is enough to maintain and develop the spin-offs that already been created. Besides, it was possible to note that the entrepreneurs miss the incentive from the university to create academic spin-offs and to create links with incubators and technology parks.
Programação da produção em máquina única com setup dependente da sequência e terceirização permitida: uma abordagem de otimização por colônia de formigas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-18)
Frascati, Giuliano
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Tavares Neto, Roberto Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6954662222457389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2583033883535828
Many scheduling problems found in the literature are classified as NP-Hard, which means that the computational costs of the solutions within known exact mathematical methods can be very time consuming. In the case of partial outsourcing it is essential to consider the outsourcing decisions inside the scheduling problem to achieve optimal results from outsourcing. This project discusses the following issue: a single machine environment where the setup times are sequence-dependent and there is an outsourcing option. The goal is to determinate the set of jobs that will be outsourced and the production sequence of the jobs that will be performed inhouse, aiming to eliminate the total tardiness of all jobs, witch is a NP-Had problem. New approaches regarding meta-heuristics, like ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) show a new horizon for this kind of issues. The hybrid algorithm, including ACO and local search methods, reached the optimal values in 94,7% of the problems.
Materiais híbridos obtidos pela adsorção de nanopartículas metálicas sobre fungos micelares pelo efeito biotemplate
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-18)
Gorup, Luiz Fernando
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6980022218379418
The use of bio-design concepts is a promising strategy for obtaining materials with properties of great scientific and technological interest. There are numerous examples of materials obtained by employing concepts of biomimetic, bio- inspired engineering and from biotemplates, which has gained prominence in the chemistry of materials, especially when structured with DNA, bacteria or fungi systems are employed. A variety of biological structures available enables innovative alternatives to overcome the limitations of conventional synthetic methods. In this context, the merging of biotechnology to materials chemistry has benefited several areas of strategic technologies such as in catalysis, health and sensor development. Thus, the design concept proposed use biotemplate effect and establish a protocol for manufacturing nanostructured structures by self- assembly of metal nanoparticles. In this work, three kinds of fungi and three types of culture medium were used. Were analyzed the parameters type of fulgal, growth media and radiation inactivation. Were also analyzed to control the diameter, wall thickness, heat treating, electrical measurement and application in SERS microtubes of gold in order to identify single molecules benzothiol. Spheroidal nanoparticles of silver and gold were obtained and stable synthesized via colloidal method of Turkevich with controlled size and shape. Using nanoparticles obtained nanostructured three-dimensional structures were built in the form of tubes using brasilianum Penicillium, Aspergillus aculeatus and Xylaria sp as biotemplate. The microtubes obtained are the result of the adsorption of metal nanoparticles of gold and silver multilayered tube diameter ranging from 2 to 3 microns with a wall thickness controlled by the time of exposure to the fungus colloid. Metal -free organic material microwires were obtained by heat treatment at 400 ° C for two hours, the resulting materials maintained the original form of micro-wires, though showed dense surface due to coalescence of the nanoparticles. The results strengthen the hypothesis proposed in our group that the biomolecules produced by fungi are responsible for the promoting effect of nanoparticle self - assembly in the formation of successive layer on the surface of the fungus.
Análise da composição química da Typha domingensis e quantificação de glicose gerada a partir de hidrólise ácida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Rodrigues, Flávio Sampaio de Campos
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8674303203953834
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Ferreira, Marystela
The search for materials and fuels from renewable sources is a widespread alternative and have been intensified over the past few years. One of the most studied material is a renewable bio-polymer from the most varied sources and more abundant in nature, called cellulose. Studies have been performed in order to extract the maximum potential of this material, which is mostly being used as structural reinforcement in thermoset panels (composite) by the automotive and aerospace industry, in the manufacture of fabrics using sisal fiber, for example, and energy source, is the in-kind form or after physicalchemical treatments. Lignocellulosic biomass consists primarily of cellulose (glucose-glucose dimer, cellobiose called), hemicellulose and lignin. As a result of the process of controlled acid hydrolysis of cellulose is obtained various products, including saccharides that can be recovered or treated to obtain fuels. The generation of energy from biofuels is a huge leap toward energy sustainability, since this energy is renewable. By suggesting solutions that are not dependent on finite capacities of our planet, we are demonstrating beyond real need for an alternative to this problem, an environmental sensitivity that until recently rarely watched the top of the list of priorities. The central objective of this work is the analysis of the chemical composition of a plant studied by our research group, the Typha domingensis, quantifying the presence of glucose after controlled acid hydrolysis process and verify its possible potential for recovery of saccharide or biofuel production from the same. Using the experimental design techniques to determine the most favorable experiments line, and two quantification methods, a novel and other traditional, obtained as a result of the identification of the presence of glucose after hydrolysis process to obtain whiskers from the young sample of macrophyte Typha domingensis. It was possible to obtain an amount of residual solution after removal of fibrils containing glucose at concentrations near 0.5 g.L-1. These results revealed a percentage of valuable products with the potential to be exploited.
As redes sociotécnicas do etanol: estudo de caso de Ribeirão Preto (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Pagliuca, Fabio Cury
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Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7112946749069935
This study investigates, based on the theories of Latour, the way one interact and articulate socio-technical networks in order to reinforce the technologies. To support the research we used the concept of socio-technical networks and translated it into the development of technologies and innovations, instead of using it like the author purposed, it is, to evaluate and understand the academic production and its dynamics. On a second moment, we investigated the relationship between the culture of sugarcane, and the developments that this culture has endured over the centuries, culminating in the direction of the current generation of sustainable energy. Yet at this point, are identified the actors in the network, linked to the development of ethanol. In a third step the analysis is performed, for which are important to understand, who the actors are, whether they are strong or weak, and indentify the responsible for developing and positioning the network. The case study takes place in the city of Ribeirão Preto, where are located important actors to the sugarcane economy.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos para a determinação de enxofre em diesel, biodiesel e óleo lubrificante usando ICP OES e ICP-MS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Amais, Renata Stábile
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7317673960456628
Since 1990 concerns about environmental and public health have stimulated the restrictions of maximum sulfur content in fuels allowed by legislation, especially in diesel and biodiesel, by several governmental agencies. The focus of this thesis was the development of sample preparation strategies for fuels and the determination of sulfur using inductively coupled plasma techniques, such as optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Difficulties associated to each technique were evaluated and strategies to overcome them were proposed. Studies on sample preparation based on microwave-assisted heating in closed vessels using diluted nitric acid solution and microemulsions were carried out for further S determination by ICP OES. The strategy of summation of the intensities of multiple sulfur emission lines allowed for 2-fold higher sensitivity for S determination by ICP OES and the instrumental limit of detection for S I 181,972 nm and S I 180,669 nm emission lines combination was 0.42 mg L-1. The interference standard method (IFS) was proposed and thoroughly evaluated to overcome polyatomic interferences on sulfur determinations by low-resolution ICP-MS. Applying this strategy the accuracy for S determination by ICP-QMS was achieved without any instrumental modification or introduction of reaction or collision gases. Recoveries from 92.6 to 99.7 % were obtained for S determination in lubricating oil CRM and addition and recovery experiments in biodiesel by using the isotope 36Ar+ as IFS. Evidences of principle, potentialities and limitations of IFS method were investigated using a double focused sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). The hypothesis that polyatomic interfering ions and IFS species (36Ar+, 36ArH+ and 38Ar+) experience similar fluctuations in plasma was confirmed. More advanced instrumental arrangements, such as SF-ICP-MS and tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS), were also evaluated for sulfur determination in fuels. Under optimized conditions, instrumental limits of detection for S determination via 32S16O+ and 34S16O+ by ICP-MS/MS were 0.33 and 0.78 μg L-1, respectively, and recoveries from 102 to 113 % were obtained for S determination in biodiesel, diesel and lubricating oil CRMs. The combination of sample preparation employing microwave-assisted acid digestion with diluted nitric acid, determination by SF-ICP-MS and isotope dilution method allowed the determination of a total S concentration of 9.06 ± 0.13 μg g-1 in a diesel sample candidate to certified reference material.
Aplicação de método AHP para priorização de processos gerenciais na adoção de sistemas de gestão integrada no setor da construção civil: estudo aplicado em uma construtora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Moura, Luciana de Mendonça Santos Braatz
;
Costa, Miguel Antonio Bueno da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6366472278387339
Considering the representativeness of the Construction sector in the national economy, there is an increase in demand for the use and adaptation of concepts, techniques and methods developed for the manufacturing environment aiming to improve the production and management performance of companies. The use of information systems, especially ERP, has being the focus of several studies in the last decade. Thus, it is considered that the matter "ERPs" for construction, specifically considering the use of methods of decision making with multiple criteria, is far from being fully consolidated, and this research contributes to society and the academic community to enrich this discussion. The main objective of this work is to apply a form of prioritization of management processes to assist the selection of ERP system in construction company aimed at improving the flow of information held between the management system and production system, providing improved management processes management. The method of making multiple decision criteria provided AHP prioritization processes that must be considered in the selection and adoption of an ERP. The research supports the view of many studies that link the analysis of the internal processes of a company as relevant to the adoption of management information systems, as these should be oriented to business processes and not the opposite. Considering the importance of the issues raised by the analysis of the proposed case, the prioritization process, systematized by applying the AHP method can be considered as one (and not only) the guidelines in the selection of ERP systems available in the market process.
Obtenção do sistema TiO2:Ag na forma de filmes nanoestruturados em filtros cerâmicos para aplicação em fotocatálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Oliveira, Regiane Cristina de
;
Paris, Elaine Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4418790685669021
In this study, it was aimed to obtain powders and thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with silver (Ag) deposited on ceramic filters, synthesized by the polymeric precursor method for degradation of rhodamine B dye under ultraviolet and visible radiation. Initially, it was optimized the obtention of the TiO2 powders with anatase phase and high photocatalytic efficiency. In this way, it was varied the pH of the synthesis (1 and 7), the citric acid and titanium molar ratio (1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4) and the heat treatment temperature (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700°C). By means of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and photodegradation results of the rhodamine B dye, it was determined that the TiO2 powders obtained at pH 1, the molar ratio of citric acid:Ti 1:3 and heat treating temperature of 400°C (for 2 h) crystallizes in the anatase phase and exhibit a higher photocatalytic efficiency. These parameters were used to obtain TiO2:Ag powders with variation of the Ag mol percentage (0.5, 1, 3 and 5%). The XRD and photocatalysis results indicated that 1% provided TiO2:Ag powders with anatase phase and the greatest photocatalytic efficiency. These results suggested that the parameters applied in the synthesis of the polymer solution used to prepare the films of TiO2 and TiO2:Ag. In this step, were varied the solution viscosity at 15, 20 and 25 cP; the number of layers in 2, 3 and 5, and the porosity of the ceramic substrate in 10 and 15 ppi. These films showed an average efficiency of photodegradation of approximately 30%, regardless of the synthesis parameters. This photocatalytic efficiency can be associated with low homogeneity of the films, which could be verified by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).