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Análise da composição química da Typha domingensis e quantificação de glicose gerada a partir de hidrólise ácida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Rodrigues, Flávio Sampaio de Campos
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8674303203953834
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Ferreira, Marystela
The search for materials and fuels from renewable sources is a widespread alternative and have been intensified over the past few years. One of the most studied material is a renewable bio-polymer from the most varied sources and more abundant in nature, called cellulose. Studies have been performed in order to extract the maximum potential of this material, which is mostly being used as structural reinforcement in thermoset panels (composite) by the automotive and aerospace industry, in the manufacture of fabrics using sisal fiber, for example, and energy source, is the in-kind form or after physicalchemical treatments. Lignocellulosic biomass consists primarily of cellulose (glucose-glucose dimer, cellobiose called), hemicellulose and lignin. As a result of the process of controlled acid hydrolysis of cellulose is obtained various products, including saccharides that can be recovered or treated to obtain fuels. The generation of energy from biofuels is a huge leap toward energy sustainability, since this energy is renewable. By suggesting solutions that are not dependent on finite capacities of our planet, we are demonstrating beyond real need for an alternative to this problem, an environmental sensitivity that until recently rarely watched the top of the list of priorities. The central objective of this work is the analysis of the chemical composition of a plant studied by our research group, the Typha domingensis, quantifying the presence of glucose after controlled acid hydrolysis process and verify its possible potential for recovery of saccharide or biofuel production from the same. Using the experimental design techniques to determine the most favorable experiments line, and two quantification methods, a novel and other traditional, obtained as a result of the identification of the presence of glucose after hydrolysis process to obtain whiskers from the young sample of macrophyte Typha domingensis. It was possible to obtain an amount of residual solution after removal of fibrils containing glucose at concentrations near 0.5 g.L-1. These results revealed a percentage of valuable products with the potential to be exploited.
As redes sociotécnicas do etanol: estudo de caso de Ribeirão Preto (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Pagliuca, Fabio Cury
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Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7112946749069935
This study investigates, based on the theories of Latour, the way one interact and articulate socio-technical networks in order to reinforce the technologies. To support the research we used the concept of socio-technical networks and translated it into the development of technologies and innovations, instead of using it like the author purposed, it is, to evaluate and understand the academic production and its dynamics. On a second moment, we investigated the relationship between the culture of sugarcane, and the developments that this culture has endured over the centuries, culminating in the direction of the current generation of sustainable energy. Yet at this point, are identified the actors in the network, linked to the development of ethanol. In a third step the analysis is performed, for which are important to understand, who the actors are, whether they are strong or weak, and indentify the responsible for developing and positioning the network. The case study takes place in the city of Ribeirão Preto, where are located important actors to the sugarcane economy.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos para a determinação de enxofre em diesel, biodiesel e óleo lubrificante usando ICP OES e ICP-MS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Amais, Renata Stábile
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7317673960456628
Since 1990 concerns about environmental and public health have stimulated the restrictions of maximum sulfur content in fuels allowed by legislation, especially in diesel and biodiesel, by several governmental agencies. The focus of this thesis was the development of sample preparation strategies for fuels and the determination of sulfur using inductively coupled plasma techniques, such as optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Difficulties associated to each technique were evaluated and strategies to overcome them were proposed. Studies on sample preparation based on microwave-assisted heating in closed vessels using diluted nitric acid solution and microemulsions were carried out for further S determination by ICP OES. The strategy of summation of the intensities of multiple sulfur emission lines allowed for 2-fold higher sensitivity for S determination by ICP OES and the instrumental limit of detection for S I 181,972 nm and S I 180,669 nm emission lines combination was 0.42 mg L-1. The interference standard method (IFS) was proposed and thoroughly evaluated to overcome polyatomic interferences on sulfur determinations by low-resolution ICP-MS. Applying this strategy the accuracy for S determination by ICP-QMS was achieved without any instrumental modification or introduction of reaction or collision gases. Recoveries from 92.6 to 99.7 % were obtained for S determination in lubricating oil CRM and addition and recovery experiments in biodiesel by using the isotope 36Ar+ as IFS. Evidences of principle, potentialities and limitations of IFS method were investigated using a double focused sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). The hypothesis that polyatomic interfering ions and IFS species (36Ar+, 36ArH+ and 38Ar+) experience similar fluctuations in plasma was confirmed. More advanced instrumental arrangements, such as SF-ICP-MS and tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS), were also evaluated for sulfur determination in fuels. Under optimized conditions, instrumental limits of detection for S determination via 32S16O+ and 34S16O+ by ICP-MS/MS were 0.33 and 0.78 μg L-1, respectively, and recoveries from 102 to 113 % were obtained for S determination in biodiesel, diesel and lubricating oil CRMs. The combination of sample preparation employing microwave-assisted acid digestion with diluted nitric acid, determination by SF-ICP-MS and isotope dilution method allowed the determination of a total S concentration of 9.06 ± 0.13 μg g-1 in a diesel sample candidate to certified reference material.
Aplicação de método AHP para priorização de processos gerenciais na adoção de sistemas de gestão integrada no setor da construção civil: estudo aplicado em uma construtora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Moura, Luciana de Mendonça Santos Braatz
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Costa, Miguel Antonio Bueno da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6366472278387339
Considering the representativeness of the Construction sector in the national economy, there is an increase in demand for the use and adaptation of concepts, techniques and methods developed for the manufacturing environment aiming to improve the production and management performance of companies. The use of information systems, especially ERP, has being the focus of several studies in the last decade. Thus, it is considered that the matter "ERPs" for construction, specifically considering the use of methods of decision making with multiple criteria, is far from being fully consolidated, and this research contributes to society and the academic community to enrich this discussion. The main objective of this work is to apply a form of prioritization of management processes to assist the selection of ERP system in construction company aimed at improving the flow of information held between the management system and production system, providing improved management processes management. The method of making multiple decision criteria provided AHP prioritization processes that must be considered in the selection and adoption of an ERP. The research supports the view of many studies that link the analysis of the internal processes of a company as relevant to the adoption of management information systems, as these should be oriented to business processes and not the opposite. Considering the importance of the issues raised by the analysis of the proposed case, the prioritization process, systematized by applying the AHP method can be considered as one (and not only) the guidelines in the selection of ERP systems available in the market process.
Obtenção do sistema TiO2:Ag na forma de filmes nanoestruturados em filtros cerâmicos para aplicação em fotocatálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Oliveira, Regiane Cristina de
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Paris, Elaine Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4418790685669021
In this study, it was aimed to obtain powders and thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with silver (Ag) deposited on ceramic filters, synthesized by the polymeric precursor method for degradation of rhodamine B dye under ultraviolet and visible radiation. Initially, it was optimized the obtention of the TiO2 powders with anatase phase and high photocatalytic efficiency. In this way, it was varied the pH of the synthesis (1 and 7), the citric acid and titanium molar ratio (1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4) and the heat treatment temperature (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700°C). By means of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and photodegradation results of the rhodamine B dye, it was determined that the TiO2 powders obtained at pH 1, the molar ratio of citric acid:Ti 1:3 and heat treating temperature of 400°C (for 2 h) crystallizes in the anatase phase and exhibit a higher photocatalytic efficiency. These parameters were used to obtain TiO2:Ag powders with variation of the Ag mol percentage (0.5, 1, 3 and 5%). The XRD and photocatalysis results indicated that 1% provided TiO2:Ag powders with anatase phase and the greatest photocatalytic efficiency. These results suggested that the parameters applied in the synthesis of the polymer solution used to prepare the films of TiO2 and TiO2:Ag. In this step, were varied the solution viscosity at 15, 20 and 25 cP; the number of layers in 2, 3 and 5, and the porosity of the ceramic substrate in 10 and 15 ppi. These films showed an average efficiency of photodegradation of approximately 30%, regardless of the synthesis parameters. This photocatalytic efficiency can be associated with low homogeneity of the films, which could be verified by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Senso de posição articular está bilateralmente reduzido para abdução e flexão do ombro em indivíduos hemiparéticos crônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Santos, Gabriela Lopes dos
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Russo, Thiago Luiz de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1832255035854519
Background: The stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the world. One of the main complaints of individuals post-stroke refers to the loss of function of the upper limb, as evidenced during the performance of activities of daily living. This difficulty may be related to an important component of sensorimotor control, joint position sense, a submodality of proprioception. The relationship of sense of joint and the difficulties of upper limb movements are not clear in the literature. Objectives: To investigate whether the joint position sense of both shoulders of chronic hemiparetic is altered during the abduction and flexion, and whether there is any correlation between joint position sense and sensorimotor performance in these subjects. Methods: The study included 13 subjects with chronic hemiparesis due to ischemic stroke and 13 healthy subjects matched for gender and age. The proprioception was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer and by joint sense position. The variable calculated was absolute error for shoulder abduction and flexion at the 30° and 60°. The motor performance was assessed by the upper extremity of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale. For the comparison between paretic, nonparetic and control limbs was utilized Kruskal Wallis test following post-hoc of Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni adjustment. For the correlation were used the Spearman. Results: No difference was found between the paretic and non-paretic limbs in both movements at 30o and 60o (p>0.05). But higher values of absolute error for both paretic and nonparetic limbs compared to control were observed during abduction at 30o (p <0.01) and at 60o (p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively). During flexion, higher values of absolute error was observed in paretic limbs compared to control at 30o (p=0.01) and also at 60o (p=0.02). Non paretic limbs presented higher values of absolute error only at 30o, when compared to control (p=0.01). Total absolute error was inversely correlated to sensibility and proprioception Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Subscales (EFM). Absolute error also was directly correlated right hemisphere injury. Furthermore, absolute error was to shoulder´s subluxation during abduction. Conclusion: The joint position sense is affected in both shoulders of chronic post-stroke ischemic hemiparetic subjects during flexion and abduction. These proprioceptive deficits of the paretic limb are correlated to subscale score of proprioception and sensibility EFM, shoulder´s subluxation and damaged hemisphere.
Estudo teórico e experimental de paredes esbeltas de alvenaria estrutural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Lopes, Guilherme Martins
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3711546679283097
The resistance to compression is the property that determines the use of masonry as a structural system since the great majority of structural elements in such systems are generally subjected to compressive stresses. One of the factors to be taken into account in the design of these compression elements is their slenderness. For design in Brazil it is still used the concept of simplified slenderness where the buckling length is determined by an effective depth (hef) and the radius of gyration is replaced by a parameter called the effective thickness (tef) for calculating a resistance reduction factor. This reduction factor has its origin in very old international standards and building codes, dating back to when these codes used the allowable stresses method for the dimensioning of structural elements; due to its age, an effective explanation and derivation of this factor, therefore, has been lost and is unknown at this time. With the various updates of international standards for structural masonry and the consequent adoption of the limit state design method for dimensioning of elements, this factor has been abolished. In the Brazilian standards, however, even with the adoption of the limit state design method, this factor is still used, which is a contradiction. Studies on the strength reduction due to slenderness effects show that there are large differences when comparing the results given by the simplified method in the NBR with those given by international standards. These differences probably don t lead to loss of structural integrity of structures in Brazil because the slenderness ratio has been limited to low values, particularly in the case of unreinforced masonry.
Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis (CAPSi) e as práticas de cuidado para as crianças e adolescentes em intenso sofrimento psíquico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19)
Taño, Bruna Lídia
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Matsukura, Thelma Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192418247836786
Until the last decades, the actions of mental health care in children and adolescents in Brazil have been put in philanthropic actions based on sheltering, what leaded to violent practices and subjection. From the establishment of the SUS (Unified Health System) and the elaboration of the Children and Adolescents Statute, it became possible to resize the care and attention disposed to that population, providing them the right to citizenship and the expression of their wishes and needs. In 2001, there is the creation of the Youth and Adolescents Psychosocial Care Centers (in Portuguese, Centros de Atenção Psicossociais Infantojuvenis CAPSi), responsible for caring of children and adolescents in intense psychic suffering, with a communitarian and territorial focus, in substitution to the sheltering models which had focus on coercion and restriction. Recent studies suggest that, although the CAPSi are the reference services on situations of intense suffering in children and adolescents, the offerings of attention and caring are still short of the needs of subjects and their families. In this direction, the present study aims to identify the caring practices developed at CAPSi for children and adolescents in intense psychic suffering from the view of technicians who act in these services and of relatives/tutors of the children and adolescents inserted in these services. Participated of the study 17 technicians and 16 relatives/tutors, from four CAPSi: three of them in the Metropolitan São Paulo and one in the countryside of the state. The data was collected from semi structured interviews realized with the technicians and relatives/tutors, as well as identification sheets for characterization of the CAPSi and the children/adolescents and his relatives participating in the study. To the obtained material, we proceeded with analysis using the Collective Subject Speech technique (in Portuguese, Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo DSC) to the interviews and categorization and descriptive presentation to the identification sheets. The main results indicate that the CAPSi have been attending a greater population then expected by the normative and, despite of what these normative indicate, a greater contingent of users are attended weekly in the services. The users in intense psychic suffering are destined mainly to individual sessions, followed by spaces of coexistence. The professionals recognize that the most effective actions of caring to the populations in greater psychic suffering are the approaches to relatives and tutors. The relatives related different ways of insertion in the CAPSi, from participation in therapeutic groups to no activity at all. We discuss the presence of multiple perspectives present in the understanding of the experience of psychic suffering in children and adolescents and their families, who don t find substantial resonance in the practices realized in the services still massively realized in an outpatient way as a possible reflection of the institutional difficulties experienced by the workers. These observations point to a need of reorganization of the attention in the CAPSi in such way to include the families in the treatment actions and on the spaces of social role as well as the importance of amplification of offerings of inventive and singular actions to the subjects in intense psychic suffering.
Trauma e histórico de vitimização na escola: um estudo retrospectivo com estudantes universitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Albuquerque, Paloma Pegolo de
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6930633065111660
School victimization may favor the occurrence of traumatic symptoms and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This Doctoral Thesis had the following objectives: validate the American retrospective instrument Student Alienation and Trauma Survey - R (SATS-R), to Brazil, in terms of construct and content validity; characterize how violence is expressed at school, identifying the main types of violence, the worst school events experienced by students, the frequency and duration of these events, main perpetrators, as well as victims' characteristics (age, grade and type of school); investigate the occurrence of traumatic symptoms, especially PTSD, after the worst school experience; analyze the association between PTSD symptoms and variables associated with the worst school experience, and investigate the relationship between the explanatory variables (individual characteristics and aversive school experiences), and development of PTSD symptoms, using an ordinal logistic regression model. The study included 691 students (54.8% female and 45.2% male), of a public university in São Paulo State, Brazil, who responded to Portuguese versions of the Student Alienation and Trauma Survey-R (SATS-R) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C). In terms of content validity, the following procedures were conducted: translation, back-translation, semantic equivalence, instrument analysis by experts in the field, and a sample assessment of the target population; for construct validity, an exploratory factor analysis was conduct and Cronbach's alpha was calculated. The study results indicate the feasibility of using the instrument in the Brazilian context for research purposes. Frequency of victimization types reported by participants were: relational violence (at least one item reported by 85.2%); verbal violence (77.7%); physical violence (50.8%); unfair discipline (43.1%); property violence (33.4%); witnessing violence (27.9%); and sexual violence (21.4%). The most frequent types of worst school experiences described were: relational (35.7%), and verbal violence (27.4%). Girls experienced more episodes of verbal, relational and sexual violence, and boys experienced more physical violence and unfair discipline, and the aggressors were mostly male students. The mean age when these worst experiences occurred was 12.3 years, and although most events occurred at low frequency and with short duration, a considerable percentage of participants indicated a duration of "years", particularly in verbal and relational victimization cases. Most participants indicated that they were greatly bothered by their worst school experience, and 7.8% had PTSD symptons after experiencing this event. The percentage of participants with clinically significant scores on the subscales ranged from 4.7% (somatic symptoms) to 20% (hypervigilance), and described symptoms frequently in the literature, such as depression, hopelessness, cognitive difficulties and traumatic event recollection. Significant variables for the regression model were: age, duration and discomfort after the worst experience; relational violence; and verbal violence. In general, student who expressed the greatest discomfort, reported traumatic experiences that were longer in duration, occured when they were older, and the greater the number of verbal and relational victimization events experienced, the greater the possibility of presenting clinically significant symptoms of PTSD. Despite the limitations of the retrospective methodo, the study obtained interesting results which coincide with the literature, drawing attention to the long-term effects of school victimization. In addition, these results may contribute to the development of new research on the topic, as well as offering treatment parameters for victims who were traumatized in school, improving school violence prevention programs.
Cuidar da criança exposta ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana: uma trajetória de apreensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Alvarenga, Willyane de Andrade
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Dupas, Giselle
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9461883918498554
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8256140747283328
There is a lot of care to prevent vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A parent / caregiver must feel safe and instructed to realize them and so do not increase the exposure of the child. Not only the lack of guidelines, as well as those incomplete or not understood by the mother, can jeopardize the success of treatment and weaken the care given to the child. From this, the motivation for this research that had as general objective to analyze the experience of mothers or caregivers in relation to child care to reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV and specific objectives to analyze the experience of families in relation to child care to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, with emphasis on the beginning of this trajectory; to know the experience of mother in relation to child care to reduce the risck of postnatal transmission of HIV; to identify the social network / support of caregivers for children exposed to HIV in the postnatal period; and analyzed the experience of women living with HIV in relation to non- breastfeeding of the son. We used the perspective of Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical and a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was performed in a specialized assistance service for HIV / AIDS in Northeastern Brazil, with 24 mothers, 5 fathers and 7 caregivers (grandparents, aunts and grandmother) of infants born to HIV-infected mothers. As selection criteria for the study, the participant should be caregiver and have children aged up to 18 months, which did not have a complete definition of HIV infection as well as make up in that service. Applied to semi-structured interviews and inductive content analysis, so the themes, categories and subcategories were defined by means of which the temporal dimension of the experience of care for HIV-exposed child, revealed by a trajectory of seizure, was understood. This trajectory starts to the become a mother until the definition of the child's diagnosis, fraught with memorable moments represented by pregnancy, the first month of the child's life and expectations regarding diagnostic disclosure also with regard to the child's future. The results were organized in four scientific papers that comprise the set of related categories. The 1st article brought the category becoming a mother with HIV, related to pregnancy, where the mother imagines her child with HIV, revive the situation before past experience and want the child, in spite of everything. The 2nd article has categories have solitary experience handling of antiretroviral therapy, be attentive to the care of the child, want to omit the presence of HIV and look to the future and fear of disease. The 3rd article met the categories go to specialized service in the dark, have a hope in the specialized service and has the fragile network of support. The 4th article included the category having the dream of breastfeeding frustrated, in which the mother suffers from the inability to breastfeed and have to accept the imposition of infant formula. This study showed different patterns of implementation of the child's treatment, which deserves special attention to ensure no vertical transmission of HIV. The stigma attached to the disease, the fragility of the support network, the frustration of the mother for not breastfeeding, among other feelings such as fear, guilt, sadness, loneliness, joy, relief and faith were part of the care experience. Even with the difficulties in this trajectory, caregivers showed hope in the negative diagnosis of children and commitment to compliance with treatment. The support from some family members of people living with HIV, the physician expert service, and especially of God, did they cope with the situation.
Museus e centros culturais virtuais: uma análise sobre o nível de interação e mediação entre o sujeito e o conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Pierobon, Jorge Luiz
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Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2091606171398210
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of our research on virtual museums and cultural centers (MCCV), more specifically, about their interaction functions and mediation between the subject and the knowledge. We find it appropriate to discuss this issue for two basic reasons, namely, first, we live in a globalized society, connected by the Internet network, where all sorts of business, entertainment, communication and even educational activities are being transmitted and accessed by people all over the world. Second, we see great growth of so‐called educational sites where our attention focuses on MCCV. Thus, we aimed to answer the following questions: What level of interaction and mediation found in MCCV? The MCCV can really be classified as mediators between the subject and knowledge? Can we actually learn something from these MCCV? To answer such questions, we had to: identify and characterize MCCV , identify its origins , languages and settings in digital grafocêntricas constituent societies, analyzing the adopted technologies in teaching and learning. Analyze the theories of Vygotsky, Freire and others on subjects such as: interaction, mediation, learning, education, etc.. Finally, we evaluate the technical level navigation on the websites of MCCV as well as the level of interaction and mediation found these. Thus , present results and final conclusions , where we present an overview of the major points found in the search , and we believe that there is a good level of interaction and mediation in current MCCV , but that there is room for improvement, especially in question interaction, where forums and chats to exchange experiences and clarify doubts , which would have a greater attention to its developers, and also, there is a need for a greater number of tools to use visual deficintes as speakers and increased sources. This study, we are sure, will be useful to science in order to address a point still little studied in graduate programs in education major public universities in Brazil. And finally, we believe it is useful to society, in terms of provision of references for further study and clarification on this matter.
Síntese da sílica MCM-41 usando um surfactante catiônico polimerizável e avaliação na transesterificação catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Silva, Laura Lorena da
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1831331222186951
The masters work presented is result of a great effort provided by the group, which has worked with changes in the synthesis of CTA-MCM-41. The synthesis of the M41S family (composed of mesoporous silica MCM-41, MCM-48 and MCM-50) was developed by Mobil Oil Corporation in 1992 due to necessity to processing of molecules larger than 0.75 nm, which is the pore diameter of zeolite Y. Among the silica, the most studied is the MCM-41. When the MCM-41 containing cations CTA in your pores, has catalytic sites with basic character because of the presence of anions siloxy (≡SiO-) associated. In evaluating the basic character of the CTA-MCM-41 in transesterification reactions of monoesters, we obtained satisfactory conversions, but when catalyst was reused, there was loss of catalytic activity due to leaching of cations CTA. With the objective of providing more stability in catalytic transesterification reactions of monoester, have changed the routes of synthesis through the use of monomers like acrylate, methacrylate esters and styrene. For this particular research, arises the innovative proposal to replace the CTABr surfactant (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) used in the synthesis of mesoporous silica by the surfactant synthesized, CADMABr (Cetylallyldimethylammonium bromide), which differs from CTABr by the substitution of a methyl group of the hydrophilic head group by the polymerizable allyl group. To check the formation of the surfactant and the degree of polymerization solution was held elementary chemical analysis (CHN) and nuclear magnetic resonance of 13C (NMR 13C), it was done also the small angles X-ray scattering (SAXS) of dispersions of different concentrations of CTABr and CADMABr to compared the micellar behavior. For characterization of the catalysts synthesized with this new polymerizable surfactant (Surfmer) was held X-ray diffraction for phase identification characteristic of silica, electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. The results were promising, although the catalytic stability was not achieved in significant way yet. However, the study conducted opens up a range of possibilities for continuation of this theme, as the replacement CTABr by CADMABr makes possible the polymerization without inserting of monomers inside the micelles.
Sinais sugestivos de transtorno déficit de atenção e hiperatividade de crianças com histórico de nascimento prematuro extremo e baixo peso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Pretti, Liziane Cristina
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859178256073664
Children born premature and extreme birth weight are more likely to have cognitive, neuropathological and behavioral changes such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early identification of ADHD is important because it is known that the effects caused by this disorder in school and personal lives may pass into adulthood, and the social and educational impact can cause those students requiring specialized educational assistance. In this sense, the present study aimed at identifying early signs suggestive of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children at 3 years of age with a history of extreme preterm birth and low birth weight. The sample comprised 29 children with a history of extreme prematurity and low birth weight with 3 years old now, enrolled in municipal schools. Participants were first characterized with the CCEB (Economic Classification Criterion Brazil) to homogenize the sample. After, were evaluated with the SDQ questionnaire version Pa 3/4 years (for the parents) and version Pr 3/4 years (for teachers). We also used the Denver II screening test in order to evaluate the overall development of these children and relate to behavioral findings. From the statistical correlation - Pearson Correlation - the data we found that there was a significant correlation between the variables IG with hyperactivity subscale, indicated by SDQ Pa (R= -,465*), correlation between IG and birth weight with the hyperactivity subscale, indicated by SDQ Pr ( R= -,528**; R= -,429*, respectivamente). All these correlations were significantly negative which confirms findings in the literature, that is, the lower gestational age and birth weight, the greater are the chances of having behavioral problems suggestive of ADHD. It was also verified that parents and teachers rated similarly children's development. It is concluded that children with a history of preterm birth and low birth weight have signs suggestive of ADHD at 3 years of age, and that the performance of screening for early detection of these signals facilitates therapeutic intervention and can thereby reduce the performance impact academic school with a history of extreme preterm birth and low birth weight.
Função pulmonar e teste de caminhada de seis minutos em indivíduos com doença falciforme
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Ohara, Daniela Gonçalves
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Jamami, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9253801829027802
Background: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is characterized by a genetic mutation in beta hemoglobin chain, causing dysfunctions in the body, such as pulmonary function and functional capacity. Objective: To assessment the changes in pulmonary function and functional capacity in patients with sickle cell disease, as well as identify the relationship between these variables. Methods: Descriptive transversal study, exploratory and quantitative methodology, in which 21 subjects with sickle cell disease were evaluated (29±6 years), regarding sociodemographic, anthropometric, lung function (spirometry), respiratory (manovacuometer) and peripheral (Handgrip strength - HS) muscle strength and functional capacity (six-minute walk test - 6MWT). Proceeded to statistical analysis using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Paired t Student, Wilcoxon, Pearson and Spearman correlation (p<0.05). Results: It was observed changes in pulmonary function in 47.6% of subjects, 42.8% had a restrictive ventilatory pattern (RVP) and 4.8% had mixed ventilatory pattern. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) presented predicted value below for women (obtained: 64±13cmH2O/ predicted: 93±2cmH2O) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), HS and distance walked during 6MWT had values below of predicted for men (obtained values: 103±27cmH2O; 39±7Kgf; 447±62m and predicted values: 143±5cmH2O; 45±1Kgf; 731±61m, respectively) and women (obtained values: 64±17cmH2O; 27±7Kgf; 405±71m and predicted values: 94±2cmH2O; 33±1Kgf; 683±30m, respectively). Positive correlations was observed of maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) with MEP (r = 0.4; p=0.046) and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.6; p=0.003); and HS with MIP (r = 0.7; p=0.001), MEP (r = 0.6; p=0.002), MVV (r = 0.5; p=0.015), distance walked in 6MWT (r = 0.4; p=0.038) and BMI (r=0.6; p=0.004). Conclusion: DF promoted changes in lung function and functional capacity, which predominated a RVP and reduced tolerance to physical exertion. In addition, these variables correlated with each other.
Desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para a determinação de arsênio em fertilizantes minerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Machado, Raquel Cardoso
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6744663235898188
Analytical method for the determination of As in samples of minerals fertilizers by Hydride Generation Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (HG AAS) was developed. First of all a study to check the effect of the concomitants on the analytical signal of the As was performed, and the presence of Cu and Ni, in the ratio analyte:interferent (1:10) and (1:1); Fe and Mg (1:500); Ca and Mn (1:50); Zn, Cr and Pb (1:5); and B (1:40) not interfere in the As analytical signal, with recovery within 97 and 103% in samples with the addition of these concomitants. Two procedures of digestion were optimized: using digester block with low pressure vials of PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) closed and cavity microwave oven. A full factorial design was used to investigate the variables (1) type of reagent (HNO3 7 mol L-1 + H2O2 (30% w w-1) or aqua regia), (2) time (only for digestion block) and (3) concentration of the reagents (diluted 1:1 or not). As answer the recovery of As, normalized between 0 and 1 using the function of desirability was utilized. The optimized conditions by using digester block with PFA vials were: HNO3 7 mol L-1 + H2O2 (30% w w-1), 4 h of digestion and diluted reagent 1:1. The best conditions for microwave digestion assisted were the same, with total time of 50 min. Concentrations of As also were determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) to results comparison with the use of three different minerals fertilizers that were prepared from the use of the two optimized digestion procedures. The paired t-test was applied to compare the results and no statically difference were observed at 95% of confidence between the amount of As obtained in the sample preparation procedures, though differences between the techniques were observed. Therefore the digestion block can be considered an alternative procedure of minerals fertilizers sample preparation. The detection limit of the method defined as 3 s of background variation was 0.27 μg L-1, and 0.89 μg L-1 as limit of quantification. RSD for As determination at the concentration of 1 μg L-1 was 7.56%; for 7 μg L-1 was 2,28%; and for a solution of 20 μg L-1was 1.54%. Linear range was from1.0 up to 40.0 μg L-1, and 0.9926 of linearity were obtained. To accuracy evaluation, certificate reference material (NIST 695) was used, with recovery of 92 %. The method was successfully applied to the determination of As in nine samples of minerals fertilizers.
Aplicação de espectroscopia raman e análise multivariada na caracterização e monitoramento in situ da síntese de cocristais de carbamazepina-nicotinamida e ibuprofenonicotinamida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-20)
Soares, Frederico Luis Felipe
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1064620847107189
In this work, the PAT tools were used (Raman spectroscopy with an in situ analyzer and multivariate tools) to proceed a crystallization monitoring and quantification of cocrystals of carbamazepine nicotinamide (CBZ NCT) and ibuprofen nicotinamide (IBP NCT). At first, it was performed the cocrystals syntheses that would be used as standard cocrystal during the course of this work, employing a method described in the literature. These crystals were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), mid-infrared (MIR) and Raman spectroscopy. After the confirmation of the crystalline structure by the solid state analytical techniques, these crystals were used on a mixture design with three components (cocrystal, coformer A and coformer B) to develop an analytical curve employed in the quantification of the cocrystals. It was evaluated with the solid state analytical technique and quantification chemometrics methods, such as the PLS, which enabled a better cocrystal quantification among its coformers. Raman spectroscopy was the technique that presented the lowest error values, both in calibration and validation stages, with square mean errors of prediction ranging from 1.5 4.5 % for each analyte. For cocrystal synthesis and monitoring, it was used as a crystallization reaction procedure. Thus, it was prepared using a nicotinamide solution in water with a concentration near saturation level. This solution was added to the coformer, in solid state. The reactions were performed at different temperatures and monitored by the Raman spectroscopy. For both cocrystals, it was possible to observe a crystallization with a high yield from 60 °C, being the fact unpublished by the literature, since most of the cocrystallization reactions use organic solvents. The employment of multivariate curve resolution (MCR-ALS) enabled to observe distinctly the main points of the reaction, such as drugs dissolution, crystal nucleation and cocrystal crystallization, which can be easily employed on a routine procedure in the pharmaceutical industry.
Transport phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional heterostructures
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Dias, Mariama Rebello de Sousa
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Richard, Victor Lopez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0638704940221279
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9972552337847809
O crescimento e caracterização de sistemas de heteroestruturas semicondutoras quasi-unidimensionais têm atraído grande interesse devido à sua potencial de aplicação tecnológica, como foto-detectores, dispositivos opto-eletrônicos assim como seu para o processamento de informação quântica e aplicações em fotônica. O objetivo desta tese é o estudo das propriedades de transporte eletrônico e de spin em sistemas semicondutores quasi-unidimensionais, especificamente trataremos de nanofios (NWs) homogêneos, NWs acoplados, NWs do tipo plano-geminado (TP), diodos de tunelamento ressonante (ETD) e cadeias de pontos quânticos (QDCS). Escolhemos o método k-p, particularmente o Hamiltoniano de Luttinger, para descrever os efeitos de confinamento e tensão biaxial. Este sugeriu uma modulação do caráter do estado fundamental que, complementada com a dinâmica fônons fornecidas pelas simulações da Dinâmica Molecular (MD), permitiu a descrição da modulação da mobilidade de buracos por emissão ou absorção de fônons. Em relação ao sistema de NWs acoplado,estudamos, através do método da matriz de transferência (TMM), as propriedades de transporte de elétrons e spin sob a interação de spin-órbita (SOI) de Eashba, localizada na região de acoplamento entre fios. Foram consideradas várias configurações de tensões de gate (Vg) aplicadas nos fios. Desse modo, compreendemos a modulação do transporte de spin quando esse é projetado no direção-z através da combinação do SOI e das dimensionalidades do sistema. Da mesma forma, a combinação de SOI e da Vg aplicada deu origem a modulação da polarização, quando o spin medido é projetado na mesma direção em que o SOI de Eashba atua, a direção y. Usando o TMM, exploramos as propriedades de transporte de um DBS e o efeito de uma resistência em série com o intuito de provar a natureza da biestabilidade das curvas características I V bem como o aumento de sua área com temperatura, resultados fornecidos por experimentos. O modelo indicou que aumentando da resistência pela diminuição sa temperatura aumenta a área biestável. A presença de uma hetero-junção adicional ao sistema induz uma densidade de carga nas suas interfaces. De acordo com esta configuração, a queda de tensão total do ETDS muda, podendo ser confirmada experimentalmente. A formação dos peculiares campos de deformação e sua influência sobre a estrutura eletrônicas e propriedades de transporte em superredes de TP foi estudada sistematicamente. Assim, as propriedades de transporte, de ambos os elétrons e buracos, pode ser sintonizada eficientemente, mesmo no caso de elétrons r em sistemas de blenda de zinco, contrastando com a prevista transparência de elétrons r em superredes de semicondutores III-V heteroestruturados. Além disso, constatamos que a probabilidade de transmissão para buracos da banda de valência também poderia ser efetivamente modificada através de uma tensão externa.Por fim, colaboradores sintetizaram com sucesso sistemas de QDCs de InGaAs através da epitaxia de feixe molecular e engenharia de tensão. Um comportamento anisotrópico da condutância com a temperatura foi observado em QDCs com diferentes concentrações de dopagem, medida realizada ao longo e entre os QDCs. O modelo teórico 1D de hoppíng desenvolvido mostrou que a presença de estados OD modela a resposta anisotrópica da condutância neste sistemas.
Reforma a vapor do ácido acético sobre catalisadores de Ni/Al2O3: estudo das rotas reacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Burak, Jorge Augusto Mendes
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3189269594893239
Acetic acid (AA), one majority substance contained in the bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis, was used as a model molecule for study of reaction routes of steam reforming on Ni/θ-Al2O3 catalysts. The catalyst containing 15% nickel (w/w), prepared by wet impregnation in a θ-Al2O3. The samples were characterized: nitrogen adsorption, ammonia desorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction and thermogravimetric analysis. The reaction routes were studied using: a) temperature programmed desorption (TPD), b) temperature programmed decomposition e c) temperature programmed steam reforming (TPSR) with ratios of 3:1, 6:1 or 9:1 of H2O: AA. The results of TPD where AA was adsorbed and decomposed in function of temperature, show simultaneous desorption of CO, CO2, H2 and CH4 which is explained by the formation of acetic anhydride on the surface of Ni which decomposes into CH3COO* and/or CH3CO* and then CO, CO2 and H2. The TPSR results suggest that the reaction route of decomposition and reform of AA depend on the temperature and the ratio H2O:AA. At low temperatures (< 650 K) and low ratios H2O:AA has the formation of CO and CO2 via bond breaking C-C of species CH3COO* and CH3CO* formed from acetic anhydride. With increasing temperature the anhydride formation is disfavored, in region between 600-800 K, there is interaction and dimerization of AA molecule adsorbed on Ni, which leads to the formation of C2H4. At the same time to this reaction, the formation of CH4 is verified by the hydrogenation CH3* species formed by breaking of CH3COO* and/or CH3CO* species. In high temperatures (> 800 K) methane formation is favored, possibly by decomposition of species CH3 in C* e H2, C* is oxidized by water. In highest ratio (9:1), the formation of the anhydride is not favored and the reforming reactions occur via decomposition of CH3COO* species. In low temperature, formation of CH4 is not observed and the oxidation of CH3* species may occur via the formation of formates. With increasing temperature oxidation of these CH3* radicals via pyrolytic should be favored.
A educação em dois impérios: um estudo da obra de Machado de Assis e de Dostoiévski
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Calabresi, Luis Henrique de Freitas
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Bittar, Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8316558470130733
This study aims at analyzing the existence of educational elements in common between Brazil and Russia during the 19th century through the reading of literary works by Machado de Assis and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Research publications in the area of History, in broader terms, and in the area of the History of Education, specifically, concerning these two countries and this period were used, as well as the literary criticism which can contribute to clarify historical connections in the literary works by our selected authors. Many aspects in common were found in the Brazilian and the Russian education in the 19th century, such as, for example, the educational institutions strong elitist emphasis, a connection between higher education and social prestige, and a critical perspective by Machado de Assis and Fyodor Dostoevsky towards the intense influx of European ideas and models in Brazil and in Russia in this period, among which we emphasize the educational aspects. Systematic education, brought from Europe to Brazil and Russia, were contradictory elements in these two countries. On the one hand the schooling initiatives were necessary to the modernizing processes in these societies. On the other hand, there was a series of social distortions and incompatibilities resulting from their adoption. Both of our selected authors maintained similar stances regarding this subject, focusing on criticism towards the adoption of European educational models in their countries.
A prática pedagógica na educação a distância transformando a docência: uma análise sobre saberes e desenvolvimento profissional de tutores virtuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-21)
Chaquime, Luciane Penteado
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Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6334000944566026
The flow of information and quick and easy access that you have to them due to the spread of digital information and communication technologies (DICT) is a hallmark of contemporaneity. This scenario originated from the productive and organizational restructuring from capitalism and soon expanded to other social spheres, including education. The insertion of DICT in educational processes enhances the Distance Education (DE) as a way of teaching and learning and redefines the roles of both learner and the teachers. New knowledge and techniques are required from this professional to act as mediator and motivator of educational relationships established in this modality. Such knowledge and expertise, in most cases, are not constructed during initial training and, thus, teaching the way from the experiences they experience in their daily lives. Then, it is understood that the virtual teacher, through their teaching, while that formed and enhances professionally, maturing as a teacher, can also transform their practice in relation to classroom education. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the changes that occur in teaching from the everyday pedagogical practice in distance education, having as subject the teachers who work in virtual courses in Management, Computer for Internet and Profuncionário offered by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (FISP) through e-Tec Network Brazil. To do so, four specific objectives were elaborated, namely: to identify and analyze possible discrepancies between the prescribed profile and the established profile of virtual teachers of e-Tec Network Brazil/FISP; to map the knowledge built by the teachers throughout the educational experience in DE, identifying their nature; to analyze the perception of teachers in relation to virtual transformations that their practice has suffered through the experience in distance education; to identify and list the key elements that during their practice in distance education, contribute to the maturation/redefinition of the concept of virtual teaching from e-Tec Network Brazil/FISP. Given the research objectives, we used methodological triangulation, in other words, have combined procedures and quantitative and qualitative analysis throughout the investigation. The analyzes show that the pedagogical practice in distance education transforms teaching, because the teachers has the opportunity to review the knowledge basis required for their profession, including expanding it with the construction of new knowledge; through this construction, the teachers have the opportunity to reflect on their role in society, maturing/redefining their identity and conception about the profession; it can constitute an opportunity for professional development for the teachers when understood as a re-professionalization of teaching.