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Análise da composição química da Typha domingensis e quantificação de glicose gerada a partir de hidrólise ácida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19) Rodrigues, Flávio Sampaio de Campos; Botaro, Vagner Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8674303203953834; Ferreira, Marystela; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4741480538883395
The search for materials and fuels from renewable sources is a widespread alternative and have been intensified over the past few years. One of the most studied material is a renewable bio-polymer from the most varied sources and more abundant in nature, called cellulose. Studies have been performed in order to extract the maximum potential of this material, which is mostly being used as structural reinforcement in thermoset panels (composite) by the automotive and aerospace industry, in the manufacture of fabrics using sisal fiber, for example, and energy source, is the in-kind form or after physicalchemical treatments. Lignocellulosic biomass consists primarily of cellulose (glucose-glucose dimer, cellobiose called), hemicellulose and lignin. As a result of the process of controlled acid hydrolysis of cellulose is obtained various products, including saccharides that can be recovered or treated to obtain fuels. The generation of energy from biofuels is a huge leap toward energy sustainability, since this energy is renewable. By suggesting solutions that are not dependent on finite capacities of our planet, we are demonstrating beyond real need for an alternative to this problem, an environmental sensitivity that until recently rarely watched the top of the list of priorities. The central objective of this work is the analysis of the chemical composition of a plant studied by our research group, the Typha domingensis, quantifying the presence of glucose after controlled acid hydrolysis process and verify its possible potential for recovery of saccharide or biofuel production from the same. Using the experimental design techniques to determine the most favorable experiments line, and two quantification methods, a novel and other traditional, obtained as a result of the identification of the presence of glucose after hydrolysis process to obtain whiskers from the young sample of macrophyte Typha domingensis. It was possible to obtain an amount of residual solution after removal of fibrils containing glucose at concentrations near 0.5 g.L-1. These results revealed a percentage of valuable products with the potential to be exploited.
Senso de posição articular está bilateralmente reduzido para abdução e flexão do ombro em indivíduos hemiparéticos crônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19) Santos, Gabriela Lopes dos; Russo, Thiago Luiz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1832255035854519
Background: The stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the world. One of the main complaints of individuals post-stroke refers to the loss of function of the upper limb, as evidenced during the performance of activities of daily living. This difficulty may be related to an important component of sensorimotor control, joint position sense, a submodality of proprioception. The relationship of sense of joint and the difficulties of upper limb movements are not clear in the literature. Objectives: To investigate whether the joint position sense of both shoulders of chronic hemiparetic is altered during the abduction and flexion, and whether there is any correlation between joint position sense and sensorimotor performance in these subjects. Methods: The study included 13 subjects with chronic hemiparesis due to ischemic stroke and 13 healthy subjects matched for gender and age. The proprioception was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer and by joint sense position. The variable calculated was absolute error for shoulder abduction and flexion at the 30° and 60°. The motor performance was assessed by the upper extremity of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale. For the comparison between paretic, nonparetic and control limbs was utilized Kruskal Wallis test following post-hoc of Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni adjustment. For the correlation were used the Spearman. Results: No difference was found between the paretic and non-paretic limbs in both movements at 30o and 60o (p>0.05). But higher values of absolute error for both paretic and nonparetic limbs compared to control were observed during abduction at 30o (p <0.01) and at 60o (p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively). During flexion, higher values of absolute error was observed in paretic limbs compared to control at 30o (p=0.01) and also at 60o (p=0.02). Non paretic limbs presented higher values of absolute error only at 30o, when compared to control (p=0.01). Total absolute error was inversely correlated to sensibility and proprioception Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Subscales (EFM). Absolute error also was directly correlated right hemisphere injury. Furthermore, absolute error was to shoulder´s subluxation during abduction. Conclusion: The joint position sense is affected in both shoulders of chronic post-stroke ischemic hemiparetic subjects during flexion and abduction. These proprioceptive deficits of the paretic limb are correlated to subscale score of proprioception and sensibility EFM, shoulder´s subluxation and damaged hemisphere.
Estudo teórico e experimental de paredes esbeltas de alvenaria estrutural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19) Lopes, Guilherme Martins; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3711546679283097
The resistance to compression is the property that determines the use of masonry as a structural system since the great majority of structural elements in such systems are generally subjected to compressive stresses. One of the factors to be taken into account in the design of these compression elements is their slenderness. For design in Brazil it is still used the concept of simplified slenderness where the buckling length is determined by an effective depth (hef) and the radius of gyration is replaced by a parameter called the effective thickness (tef) for calculating a resistance reduction factor. This reduction factor has its origin in very old international standards and building codes, dating back to when these codes used the allowable stresses method for the dimensioning of structural elements; due to its age, an effective explanation and derivation of this factor, therefore, has been lost and is unknown at this time. With the various updates of international standards for structural masonry and the consequent adoption of the limit state design method for dimensioning of elements, this factor has been abolished. In the Brazilian standards, however, even with the adoption of the limit state design method, this factor is still used, which is a contradiction. Studies on the strength reduction due to slenderness effects show that there are large differences when comparing the results given by the simplified method in the NBR with those given by international standards. These differences probably don t lead to loss of structural integrity of structures in Brazil because the slenderness ratio has been limited to low values, particularly in the case of unreinforced masonry.
Obtenção do sistema TiO2:Ag na forma de filmes nanoestruturados em filtros cerâmicos para aplicação em fotocatálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19) Oliveira, Regiane Cristina de; Paris, Elaine Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4418790685669021
In this study, it was aimed to obtain powders and thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with silver (Ag) deposited on ceramic filters, synthesized by the polymeric precursor method for degradation of rhodamine B dye under ultraviolet and visible radiation. Initially, it was optimized the obtention of the TiO2 powders with anatase phase and high photocatalytic efficiency. In this way, it was varied the pH of the synthesis (1 and 7), the citric acid and titanium molar ratio (1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4) and the heat treatment temperature (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700°C). By means of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and photodegradation results of the rhodamine B dye, it was determined that the TiO2 powders obtained at pH 1, the molar ratio of citric acid:Ti 1:3 and heat treating temperature of 400°C (for 2 h) crystallizes in the anatase phase and exhibit a higher photocatalytic efficiency. These parameters were used to obtain TiO2:Ag powders with variation of the Ag mol percentage (0.5, 1, 3 and 5%). The XRD and photocatalysis results indicated that 1% provided TiO2:Ag powders with anatase phase and the greatest photocatalytic efficiency. These results suggested that the parameters applied in the synthesis of the polymer solution used to prepare the films of TiO2 and TiO2:Ag. In this step, were varied the solution viscosity at 15, 20 and 25 cP; the number of layers in 2, 3 and 5, and the porosity of the ceramic substrate in 10 and 15 ppi. These films showed an average efficiency of photodegradation of approximately 30%, regardless of the synthesis parameters. This photocatalytic efficiency can be associated with low homogeneity of the films, which could be verified by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis (CAPSi) e as práticas de cuidado para as crianças e adolescentes em intenso sofrimento psíquico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19) Taño, Bruna Lídia; Matsukura, Thelma Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192418247836786
Until the last decades, the actions of mental health care in children and adolescents in Brazil have been put in philanthropic actions based on sheltering, what leaded to violent practices and subjection. From the establishment of the SUS (Unified Health System) and the elaboration of the Children and Adolescents Statute, it became possible to resize the care and attention disposed to that population, providing them the right to citizenship and the expression of their wishes and needs. In 2001, there is the creation of the Youth and Adolescents Psychosocial Care Centers (in Portuguese, Centros de Atenção Psicossociais Infantojuvenis CAPSi), responsible for caring of children and adolescents in intense psychic suffering, with a communitarian and territorial focus, in substitution to the sheltering models which had focus on coercion and restriction. Recent studies suggest that, although the CAPSi are the reference services on situations of intense suffering in children and adolescents, the offerings of attention and caring are still short of the needs of subjects and their families. In this direction, the present study aims to identify the caring practices developed at CAPSi for children and adolescents in intense psychic suffering from the view of technicians who act in these services and of relatives/tutors of the children and adolescents inserted in these services. Participated of the study 17 technicians and 16 relatives/tutors, from four CAPSi: three of them in the Metropolitan São Paulo and one in the countryside of the state. The data was collected from semi structured interviews realized with the technicians and relatives/tutors, as well as identification sheets for characterization of the CAPSi and the children/adolescents and his relatives participating in the study. To the obtained material, we proceeded with analysis using the Collective Subject Speech technique (in Portuguese, Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo DSC) to the interviews and categorization and descriptive presentation to the identification sheets. The main results indicate that the CAPSi have been attending a greater population then expected by the normative and, despite of what these normative indicate, a greater contingent of users are attended weekly in the services. The users in intense psychic suffering are destined mainly to individual sessions, followed by spaces of coexistence. The professionals recognize that the most effective actions of caring to the populations in greater psychic suffering are the approaches to relatives and tutors. The relatives related different ways of insertion in the CAPSi, from participation in therapeutic groups to no activity at all. We discuss the presence of multiple perspectives present in the understanding of the experience of psychic suffering in children and adolescents and their families, who don t find substantial resonance in the practices realized in the services still massively realized in an outpatient way as a possible reflection of the institutional difficulties experienced by the workers. These observations point to a need of reorganization of the attention in the CAPSi in such way to include the families in the treatment actions and on the spaces of social role as well as the importance of amplification of offerings of inventive and singular actions to the subjects in intense psychic suffering.
Aplicação de método AHP para priorização de processos gerenciais na adoção de sistemas de gestão integrada no setor da construção civil: estudo aplicado em uma construtora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19) Moura, Luciana de Mendonça Santos Braatz; Costa, Miguel Antonio Bueno da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6366472278387339
Considering the representativeness of the Construction sector in the national economy, there is an increase in demand for the use and adaptation of concepts, techniques and methods developed for the manufacturing environment aiming to improve the production and management performance of companies. The use of information systems, especially ERP, has being the focus of several studies in the last decade. Thus, it is considered that the matter "ERPs" for construction, specifically considering the use of methods of decision making with multiple criteria, is far from being fully consolidated, and this research contributes to society and the academic community to enrich this discussion. The main objective of this work is to apply a form of prioritization of management processes to assist the selection of ERP system in construction company aimed at improving the flow of information held between the management system and production system, providing improved management processes management. The method of making multiple decision criteria provided AHP prioritization processes that must be considered in the selection and adoption of an ERP. The research supports the view of many studies that link the analysis of the internal processes of a company as relevant to the adoption of management information systems, as these should be oriented to business processes and not the opposite. Considering the importance of the issues raised by the analysis of the proposed case, the prioritization process, systematized by applying the AHP method can be considered as one (and not only) the guidelines in the selection of ERP systems available in the market process.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos para a determinação de enxofre em diesel, biodiesel e óleo lubrificante usando ICP OES e ICP-MS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19) Amais, Renata Stábile; Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7317673960456628
Since 1990 concerns about environmental and public health have stimulated the restrictions of maximum sulfur content in fuels allowed by legislation, especially in diesel and biodiesel, by several governmental agencies. The focus of this thesis was the development of sample preparation strategies for fuels and the determination of sulfur using inductively coupled plasma techniques, such as optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Difficulties associated to each technique were evaluated and strategies to overcome them were proposed. Studies on sample preparation based on microwave-assisted heating in closed vessels using diluted nitric acid solution and microemulsions were carried out for further S determination by ICP OES. The strategy of summation of the intensities of multiple sulfur emission lines allowed for 2-fold higher sensitivity for S determination by ICP OES and the instrumental limit of detection for S I 181,972 nm and S I 180,669 nm emission lines combination was 0.42 mg L-1. The interference standard method (IFS) was proposed and thoroughly evaluated to overcome polyatomic interferences on sulfur determinations by low-resolution ICP-MS. Applying this strategy the accuracy for S determination by ICP-QMS was achieved without any instrumental modification or introduction of reaction or collision gases. Recoveries from 92.6 to 99.7 % were obtained for S determination in lubricating oil CRM and addition and recovery experiments in biodiesel by using the isotope 36Ar+ as IFS. Evidences of principle, potentialities and limitations of IFS method were investigated using a double focused sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). The hypothesis that polyatomic interfering ions and IFS species (36Ar+, 36ArH+ and 38Ar+) experience similar fluctuations in plasma was confirmed. More advanced instrumental arrangements, such as SF-ICP-MS and tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS), were also evaluated for sulfur determination in fuels. Under optimized conditions, instrumental limits of detection for S determination via 32S16O+ and 34S16O+ by ICP-MS/MS were 0.33 and 0.78 μg L-1, respectively, and recoveries from 102 to 113 % were obtained for S determination in biodiesel, diesel and lubricating oil CRMs. The combination of sample preparation employing microwave-assisted acid digestion with diluted nitric acid, determination by SF-ICP-MS and isotope dilution method allowed the determination of a total S concentration of 9.06 ± 0.13 μg g-1 in a diesel sample candidate to certified reference material.
As redes sociotécnicas do etanol: estudo de caso de Ribeirão Preto (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-19) Pagliuca, Fabio Cury; Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7112946749069935
This study investigates, based on the theories of Latour, the way one interact and articulate socio-technical networks in order to reinforce the technologies. To support the research we used the concept of socio-technical networks and translated it into the development of technologies and innovations, instead of using it like the author purposed, it is, to evaluate and understand the academic production and its dynamics. On a second moment, we investigated the relationship between the culture of sugarcane, and the developments that this culture has endured over the centuries, culminating in the direction of the current generation of sustainable energy. Yet at this point, are identified the actors in the network, linked to the development of ethanol. In a third step the analysis is performed, for which are important to understand, who the actors are, whether they are strong or weak, and indentify the responsible for developing and positioning the network. The case study takes place in the city of Ribeirão Preto, where are located important actors to the sugarcane economy.